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{{short description|County of Romania}} {{short description|County of Romania}}
{{about|the modern Romanian county|the former county of the Kingdom of Hungary|Arad County (former)}}
{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
| name = Arad County | name = Arad County
| native_name = Județul Arad | native_name = Județul Arad
| settlement_type = County | settlement_type = County
| image_skyline = | image_skyline = Cetatea Aradului.png
| image_caption = | image_caption = Aerial view of the ]
| image_flag = | image_flag = ROU AR Arad Flag.svg
| flag_link = | flag_link =
| image_shield = Actual Arad county CoA.png | image_shield = Actual Arad county CoA.png
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| image_map = Arad in Romania.svg | image_map = Arad in Romania.svg
| map_caption = Location of Arad County in Romania | map_caption = Location of Arad County in Romania
| subdivision_type = ] | subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{ROU}} | subdivision_name = Romania
| subdivision_type1 = Development region<sup>1</sup> | subdivision_type1 = Development region<sup>1</sup>
| subdivision_name1 = ] | subdivision_name1 = ]
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| government_footnotes = | government_footnotes =
| government_type = County Council | government_type = County Council
| leader_party = ] | leader_party = ]
| leader_title = President of the County Board | leader_title = President of the County Board
| leader_name = Iustin Cionca | leader_name = Iustin Cionca
| leader_title1 = Prefect<sup>2</sup> | leader_title1 = Prefect<sup>2</sup>
| leader_name1 = Călin Bibarț | leader_name1 = Csaba Tóth
| established_title = Județul Arad | established_title = Județul Arad
| established_date = 1968 | established_date = 1968
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| area_water_km2 = | area_water_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent = | area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_km2 =
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| elevation_ft = 4875 | elevation_ft = 4875
| coordinates = {{coord|46.36|21.8|region:RO|display=inline,title}} | coordinates = {{coord|46.36|21.8|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
|population_total = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of = 2011
|population_as_of = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes =
|population_footnotes = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = 409072
| population_rank = ] | population_rank = ]
| population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_km2 = auto
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| timezone = ] | timezone = ]
| utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = ] | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +3 | utc_offset_DST = +3
| postal_code_type = ] | postal_code_type = ]
| postal_code = 31wxyz<sup>3</sup> | postal_code = 31wxyz<sup>3</sup>
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| blank_info = AR<sup>5</sup> | blank_info = AR<sup>5</sup>
| blank1_name = ] | blank1_name = ]
| blank1_info = US$ 3.825 billion (''2015'') | blank1_info = US$ 7.130 billion (''2024'')
| blank2_name = ]/] | blank2_name = ] ]
| blank2_info = US$ 9,350 (''2015'') | blank2_info = US$ 21,350 (''2022'')
| footnotes = <sup>1</sup> The development regions of ] have no administrative role and were formed in order to manage funds from the ].<br /><sup>2</sup> as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from having any political activity in the first six months after his resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionaries' corps.<br /><sup>3</sup>w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address<br /><sup>4</sup>x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, ], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks<br /><sup>5</sup>used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utilitary vehicles and ], etc.), and the ones used outside the county | footnotes = <sup>1</sup> The development regions of Romania have no administrative role and were formed in order to manage funds from the ].<br /><sup>2</sup> as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from having any political activity in the first six months after his resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionaries' corps.<br /><sup>3</sup>w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address<br /><sup>4</sup>x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, ], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks<br /><sup>5</sup>used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utilitary vehicles and ], etc.), and the ones used outside the county
| website = <br /> | website = <br />
}} }}


'''Arad County''' ({{IPA-ro|aˈrad|-|Ro-Arad.ogg}}) is an administrative division (]) of ] roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with ], mostly in the region of ] and few villages in ]. The administrative center of the county lies in the city of ]. The Arad County is part of the ]. '''Arad County''' ({{IPA|ro|aˈrad|-|Ro-Arad.ogg}}) is an administrative division (]) of ] roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with ], mostly in the region of ] and few villages in ]. The administrative center of the county lies in the city of ]. The Arad County is part of the ].


==Name== ==Name==
In ], it is known as ''Arad megye'', in ] as ''Арадски округ'', and in ] as ''Kreis Arad''. The county was named after its administrative center, ]. In ], it is known as {{lang|hu|Arad megye}}, in ] as {{lang|sr|Арадски округ}}, and in ] as {{lang|de|Kreis Arad}}. The county was named after its administrative center, ].


==Geography== ==Geography==
The county has a total area of 7,754&nbsp;km², representing 3.6% of national Romanian territory. The terrain of Arad County is divided into two distinct units that cover almost half of the county each. The eastern side of the county has a hilly to low mountainous terrain (Dealurile Lipovei, Munții Zărandului, Munții Codru Moma) and on the western side it's a plain zone consisting of the ''Arad Plain'', ''Low Mures Plain'', and ''The High Vinga Plain''. Taking altitude into account we notice that it follows a stepped pattern as it drops as we go from the east to the west of the county from 1489 m to below 100 m. In the east there are the Zarand Mountainsnand the Codru Moma Mountains, all subdivisions of the ], a major group of the Western Carpathians. The county has a total area of {{cvt|7,754|km2}}, representing 3.6% of national Romanian territory. The terrain of Arad County is divided into two distinct units that cover almost half of the county each. The eastern side of the county has a hilly to low mountainous terrain (Dealurile Lipovei, Munții Zărandului, Munții Codru Moma) and on the western side it's a plain zone consisting of the ''Arad Plain'', ''Low Mures Plain'', and ''The High Vinga Plain''. Taking altitude into account we notice that it follows a stepped pattern as it drops as we go from the east to the west of the county from 1489 m to below 100 m. In the east there are the Zarand Mountains and the Codru Moma Mountains, all subdivisions of the ], a major group of the Western Carpathians.


===Neighbours=== ===Neighbours===
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===Climate and precipitation=== ===Climate and precipitation===
In terms of climate, the characteristics of Arad county have a typical temperate continental climate with oceanic influences, with a circulation of air masses with a predominantly western ordered direction visible from west to east, with increasing altitude. Average annual temperatures range from 10&nbsp;°C in the lowlands, the hills and piedmonts 9&nbsp;°C, 8&nbsp;°C and 6&nbsp;°C in the low mountains in the area of greatest height. In terms of climate, the characteristics of Arad county have a typical temperate continental climate with oceanic influences, with a circulation of air masses with a predominantly western ordered direction visible from west to east, with increasing altitude. Average annual temperatures range from 10&nbsp;°C in the lowlands, the hills and piedmonts 9&nbsp;°C, 8&nbsp;°C and 6&nbsp;°C in the low mountains in the area of greatest height.
Average amounts of precipitation fall in values between 565–600&nbsp;mm annually in the lowlands, 700–800&nbsp;mm annually in the hills and piedmonts and 800–1200&nbsp;mm annually in the mountainous area. Average amounts of precipitation is between {{cvt|565 and 600|mm}} annually in the lowlands, {{cvt|700 and 800|mm}} annually in the hills and piedmonts and {{cvt|800 and 1200|mm}} annually in the mountainous area.


===Hydrographic network=== ===Hydrographic network===
The hydrographic network is composed of the two main rivers plus their tributaries and channels. The hydrographic network is composed of the two main rivers plus their tributaries and channels.
* ] - ], ], ], ], ] * ] - ], ], ], ], ]
* ] - ], ], ], Cremenoasa, ], Valea Deznei, Valea Monesei, Tălagiu, Honțisor, ], ] * ] - ], ], ], Cremenoasa, ], Valea Deznei, Valea Monesei, Tălagiu, Honțisor, ], ]


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* Matca, ], ], Ier, Criș Channels * Matca, ], ], Ier, Criș Channels


==Demographics== ==Economy==
Along with ] it forms one of the most developed regions in Romania. Due to its proximity to the border, it attracts a great number of foreign investments. The agricultural potential is greatly put into value, Arad plains being considered one of the most important cereal and vegetable producing basins.
In October 31, 2011, it had a population of 409,072 and the ] was 52/km².<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Comunicat_DATE_PROVIZORII_RPL_2011.pdf|format=PDF|title=COMUNICAT DE PRESĂ : 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor – 2011 |website=Recensamantromania.ro|accessdate=11 April 2018}}</ref> The main ethnic composition was, as follows:

* ] - 83.88%
The predominant industries in the county are:
* ] - 9.06%
* Machine and automotive components
* ] - 4.04%
* Food
* Textiles
Natural resources in Arad, are worthy to be taken into account as there are oil and associated gases, points of extraction in the west of the county, molibden mines in the Săvârșin area, marble quarries at ] and ], mineral waters at ], ], ], ], ] and uranium deposits in the NE part of the county.

== Tourism ==

The main tourist destinations are:

* The city of ];
* The Mureș Natural Floodplain Park;
* Bezdin Monastery;
* Hodoș-Bodrog Monastery (est. 1177);
* ] resort and city;
* Șoimoș, Dezna, and Șiria stone citadels;
* ] resort;
* The areas around ], ], ], and ].

== Demographics ==

According to the ], the county had a population of 410,143 and the ] was {{Pop density|410143|7754|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-etno-culturale-demografice/|title=Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice|website=Recensamantromania.ro|access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref>

<div style="float:left">
{{Pie chart
|thumb=left
|style=clear:none;
|caption=Ethnic composition of Arad County (2021)
|label1=]|value1=77.46|color1=#8080ff
|label2=]|value2=6.27|color2=#80ff80
|label3=]|value3=4.08|color3=#80ffff
|label4=]|value4=0.81|color4=#3f3fc0
|label5=] <small>(])</small>|value5=0.49|color5=#ff80ff
|label6=]|value6=0.23|color6=#ffff80
|label7=]|value7=0.12|color7=#c03f3f
|label8=]|value8=0.12|color8=#3fc03f
|label9=Others|value9=10.42|color9=#9f9f9f}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb=right
|caption=Religious composition of Arad County (2021)
|label1=]|value1=73.08|color1=#8080ff
|label2=]|value2=9.19|color2=#3fc03f
|label3=]|value3=7.54|color3=#ffff80
|label4=]|value4=3.42|color4=#80ffff
|label5=]|value5=2.06|color5=#80ff80
|label6=]|value6=1.13|color6=#ffafaf
|label7=]|value7=0.83|color7=#ff80ff
|label8=]|value8=0.73|color8=#c03fc0
|label9=Others|value9=1.17|color9=#9f9f9f
|label10=], ] and ]|value10=0.86|color10=#555555}}
</div>


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
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! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, '' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=2006-09-22 }}''</ref> ! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, '' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=2006-09-22 }}''</ref>
|- |-
| 1948 ! 1948
| 476,207 | 476,207 {{steady}}
|- |-
| 1956 ! 1956
| 475,620 | 475,620 {{decrease}}
|- |-
| 1966 ! 1966
| 481,248 | 481,248 {{increase}}
|- |-
| 1977 ! 1977
| 512,020 | 512,020 {{increase}}
|- |-
| 1992 ! 1992
| 487,370 | 487,370 {{decrease}}
|- |-
| 2002 ! 2002
| 461,791 | 461,791 {{decrease}}
|- |-
| 2011 ! 2011
| 430,629 {{decrease}}
| 409,072
|-
! 2021
| 410,143 {{decrease}}
|} |}


==Economy== == Politics ==
Along with ] it forms one of the most developed regions in ]. Due to its proximity to the border, it attracts a great number of foreign investments. The agricultural potential is greatly put into value, Arad plains being considered one of the most important cereal and vegetable producing basins.


The Arad County Council, renewed at the ], consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:<ref>{{Cite web|language=ro|url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/data/json/sicpv/pv/pv_vs_final.json|format=Json|title=Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020|publisher=Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>
The predominant industries in the county are:
* Machine and automotive components.
* Food.
* Textiles.
Natural resources in Arad, are worthy to be taken into account as there are oil and associated gases, points of extraction in the west of the county, molibden mines in the Săvârșin area, marble quarries at ] and ], mineral waters at ], ], ], ], ] and uranium deposits in the NE part of the county.


{| class="wikitable"
==Tourism==
The main tourist destinations are:
* The city of ]
* The train station
* The Mureș Natural Floodplain Park
* Bezdin Monastery
* Hodoș-Bodrog Monastery (est. 1177)
* ] resort and city
* Șoimoș, Dezna, Șiria stone citadels
* ]

==Politics==
The Arad County Council, elected at the ], is made up of 33 counselors, with the following party composition:<ref name="LocalElections2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.2016bec.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SIAL2016_CJ_mandate.xlsx|title=Mandate de CJ pe judete si competitori|publisher=Biroul Electoral Central|date=10 June 2016|accessdate=16 June 2016|language=Romanian}}</ref>

{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" class="wikitable"
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | Party ! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats ! style="background:#ccc" | Seats
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="16" | Current County Council ! style="background:#ccc" colspan="17" | Current County Council
|- |-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| ] | ] (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''16''' | style="text-align: right" | '''17'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
|- |-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| ] (USR)
| ]
| style="text-align: right" | '''11''' | style="text-align: right" | '''5'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
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| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
|- |-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/ALDE}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| ] (PSD)
| ]
| style="text-align: right" | '''2''' | style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/ALDE}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/ALDE}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|PRO Romania}} &nbsp;
| ] (PRO)
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| {{party color cell|PRO Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|PRO Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|PRO Romania}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
Line 225: Line 283:
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
|- |-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PMP}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| ] | ] (PMP)
| style="text-align: right" | '''2''' | style="text-align: right" | '''2'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PMP}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PMP}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
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| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
|- |-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| ] | ] (UDMR/RMDSZ)
| style="text-align: right" | '''2''' | style="text-align: right" | '''2'''
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
Line 268: Line 328:
==Administrative divisions== ==Administrative divisions==
]]] ]]]
]]]
Arad County has 1 municipality, 9 towns and 68 communes with approximately 180 villages. Arad County has 1 municipality, 9 towns and 68 communes with approximately 180 villages.
;Municipalities ;Municipalities
Line 434: Line 495:


===Administration=== ===Administration===
In 1930, the county was divided into nine districts ('']''):<ref name=Memoria></ref> In 1930, the county was divided into nine districts ('']''):<ref name=Memoria></ref>
#Plasa Aradul-Nou (comprising 22 villages) #Plasa Aradul-Nou (comprising 22 villages)
#Plasa Chișineu-Criș (comprising 19 villages) #Plasa Chișineu-Criș (comprising 19 villages)
Line 466: Line 527:


=== Population === === Population ===
According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 423,469 inhabitants, 61.0% Romanians, 19.5% Hungarians, 12.3% Germans, 2.8% Slovaks, 2.1% Jews, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, 55.8% declared Eastern Orthodox, 26.5% Roman Catholic, 5.5% Reformed, 4.2% Greek Catholic, 3.2% Lutherans, 2.4% Jewish, 1% Baptists, as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_525>Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 525-528</ref> According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 423,469 inhabitants, 61.0% Romanians, 19.5% Hungarians, 12.3% Germans (]), 2.8% Slovaks, 2.1% Jews, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, 55.8% declared Eastern Orthodox, 26.5% Roman Catholic, 5.5% Reformed, 4.2% Greek Catholic, 3.2% Lutherans, 2.4% Jewish, 1% Baptists, as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_525>Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 525-528</ref>


==== Urban population ==== ==== Urban population ====
In 1930, the county's urban population was 77,181 inhabitants, 39.3% Romanians, 38.8% Hungarians, 9.1% Jews, 7.1% Germans, 1.7% Serbs and Croats, 1.4% Slovaks, as well as other minorities. In the urban area, languages were Hungarian (53.3%), Romanian (37.0%), German (6.0%), Serbian (1.4%), Yiddish (0.9%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of Roman Catholics (38.5%), Eastern Orthodox (33.8%), Jewish (10.1%), Reformed (9.9%), Greek Catholics (4.0%), Lutherans (2.6%), as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_525/> In 1930, the county's urban population was 77,181 inhabitants, 39.3% Romanians, 38.8% Hungarians, 9.1% Jews, 7.1% Germans (Banat Swabians), 1.7% Serbs and Croats, 1.4% Slovaks, as well as other minorities. In the urban area, languages were Hungarian (53.3%), Romanian (37.0%), German (6.0%), Serbian (1.4%), Yiddish (0.9%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of Roman Catholics (38.5%), Eastern Orthodox (33.8%), Jewish (10.1%), Reformed (9.9%), Greek Catholics (4.0%), Lutherans (2.6%), as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_525/>


===Industry=== ===Industry===
The county's capital, Arad, was the location of Romania's first automotive factory. During the 1920s, ''Astra'' cars and commercial vehicles were made at Arad.<ref>Gerald Taylor Bloomfield, David and Charles, 1978, ''The World Automotive Industry'', p. 243</ref> ] manufactured automobiles from 1922 to 1926.<ref>Georgano, George Nick, New York: Dutton Press, 1982, ''The New Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present (3rd ed.)'', p. 59</ref> The factory had an output of 2 automobiles per ] as of 1922.<ref>Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, 1922, ''Commerce Reports, Volume 1'', p. 105</ref> The county's capital, Arad, was the location of Romania's first automotive factory. During the 1920s, ''Astra'' cars and commercial vehicles were made at Arad.<ref>Gerald Taylor Bloomfield, David and Charles, 1978, ''The World Automotive Industry'', p. 243</ref> ] manufactured automobiles from 1922 to 1926.<ref>Georgano, George Nick, New York: Dutton Press, 1982, ''The New Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present (3rd ed.)'', p. 59</ref> The factory had an output of 2 automobiles per ] as of 1922.<ref>Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, 1922, ''Commerce Reports, Volume 1'', p. 105</ref>

==See also==
*] of the ]


==References== ==References==

Latest revision as of 18:13, 9 December 2024

County of Romania This article is about the modern Romanian county. For the former county of the Kingdom of Hungary, see Arad County (former). County in Vest, Romania
Arad County Județul Arad
County
Aerial view of the Fortress of AradAerial view of the Fortress of Arad
Flag of Arad CountyFlagCoat of arms of Arad CountyCoat of arms
Location of Arad County in RomaniaLocation of Arad County in Romania
Coordinates: 46°22′N 21°48′E / 46.36°N 21.8°E / 46.36; 21.8
CountryRomania
Development regionVest
Historic regionCrișana
Capital city (Reședința de județ)Arad
Județul Arad1968
Government
 • TypeCounty Council
 • President of the County BoardIustin Cionca (PNL)
 • PrefectCsaba Tóth
Area
 • Total7,754 km (2,994 sq mi)
 • Rank5th in Romania
Elevation1,486 m (4,875 ft)
Population
 • Total410,143
 • Rank21st in Romania
 • Density53/km (140/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code31wxyz
Area code+40 x57
Car PlatesAR
GDPUS$ 7.130 billion (2024)
GDP per capitaUS$ 21,350 (2022)
WebsiteCounty Council
County Prefecture
The development regions of Romania have no administrative role and were formed in order to manage funds from the European Union.
as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from having any political activity in the first six months after his resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionaries' corps.
w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address
x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks
used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utilitary vehicles and ATVs, etc.), and the ones used outside the county

Arad County (Romanian pronunciation: [aˈrad] ) is an administrative division (județ) of Romania roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with Hungary, mostly in the region of Crișana and few villages in Banat. The administrative center of the county lies in the city of Arad. The Arad County is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.

Name

In Hungarian, it is known as Arad megye, in Serbian as Арадски округ, and in German as Kreis Arad. The county was named after its administrative center, Arad.

Geography

The county has a total area of 7,754 km (2,994 sq mi), representing 3.6% of national Romanian territory. The terrain of Arad County is divided into two distinct units that cover almost half of the county each. The eastern side of the county has a hilly to low mountainous terrain (Dealurile Lipovei, Munții Zărandului, Munții Codru Moma) and on the western side it's a plain zone consisting of the Arad Plain, Low Mures Plain, and The High Vinga Plain. Taking altitude into account we notice that it follows a stepped pattern as it drops as we go from the east to the west of the county from 1489 m to below 100 m. In the east there are the Zarand Mountains and the Codru Moma Mountains, all subdivisions of the Apuseni Mountains, a major group of the Western Carpathians.

Neighbours

Romanian Counties AB AR AG BC BH BN BT BV BR BZ CS CL CJ CT CV DB DJ GL GR GJ HR HD IL IS IF MM MH MS NT OT PH SM SJ SB SV TR TM TL VS VL VN B

Climate and precipitation

In terms of climate, the characteristics of Arad county have a typical temperate continental climate with oceanic influences, with a circulation of air masses with a predominantly western ordered direction visible from west to east, with increasing altitude. Average annual temperatures range from 10 °C in the lowlands, the hills and piedmonts 9 °C, 8 °C and 6 °C in the low mountains in the area of greatest height. Average amounts of precipitation is between 565 and 600 mm (22.2 and 23.6 in) annually in the lowlands, 700 and 800 mm (28 and 31 in) annually in the hills and piedmonts and 800 and 1,200 mm (31 and 47 in) annually in the mountainous area.

Hydrographic network

The hydrographic network is composed of the two main rivers plus their tributaries and channels.

Lakes, ponds and channels

Economy

Along with Timiș County it forms one of the most developed regions in Romania. Due to its proximity to the border, it attracts a great number of foreign investments. The agricultural potential is greatly put into value, Arad plains being considered one of the most important cereal and vegetable producing basins.

The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Machine and automotive components
  • Food
  • Textiles

Natural resources in Arad, are worthy to be taken into account as there are oil and associated gases, points of extraction in the west of the county, molibden mines in the Săvârșin area, marble quarries at Căprioara and Moneasa, mineral waters at Lipova, Moneasa, Dorobanți, Curtici, Macea and uranium deposits in the NE part of the county.

Tourism

The main tourist destinations are:

  • The city of Arad;
  • The Mureș Natural Floodplain Park;
  • Bezdin Monastery;
  • Hodoș-Bodrog Monastery (est. 1177);
  • Lipova resort and city;
  • Șoimoș, Dezna, and Șiria stone citadels;
  • Moneasa resort;
  • The areas around Săvârșin, Petriș, Macea, and Pecica.

Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 410,143 and the population density was 52.9/km (137.0/sq mi).

Ethnic composition of Arad County (2021)

  Romanians (77.46%)  Hungarians (6.27%)  Romani (4.08%)  Slovaks (0.81%)  Germans (Banat Swabians) (0.49%)  Ukrainians (0.23%)  Serbs (0.12%)  Bulgarians (0.12%)  Others (10.42%)

Religious composition of Arad County (2021)

  Romanian Orthodox (73.08%)  Pentecostals (9.19%)  Roman Catholics (7.54%)  Baptists (3.42%)  Reformed (2.06%)  Adventists (1.13%)  Greek Catholics (0.83%)  Lutherans (0.73%)  Others (1.17%)  Irreligious, atheist and agnostic (0.86%)
Year County population
1948 476,207 Steady
1956 475,620 Decrease
1966 481,248 Increase
1977 512,020 Increase
1992 487,370 Decrease
2002 461,791 Decrease
2011 430,629 Decrease
2021 410,143 Decrease

Politics

The Arad County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:

    Party Seats Current County Council
  National Liberal Party (PNL) 17                                  
  Save Romania Union (USR) 5                                  
  Social-Liberal Christian Platform (PSD) 3                                  
  PRO Romania (PRO) 3                                  
  People's Movement Party (PMP) 2                                  
  Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) 2                                  

Administrative divisions

Arad
The border town of Nădlac

Arad County has 1 municipality, 9 towns and 68 communes with approximately 180 villages.

Municipalities
  • Arad - capital city; population: 172,827 (as of 2002)
Towns
Communes

Historical county

County in Romania
Județul Arad
County (Județ)
Coat of arms of Județul AradCoat of arms
Country Romania
Historic regionCrișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Arad
Ceased to exist1950
Area
 • Total6,248 km (2,412 sq mi)
Population
 • Total423,469
 • Density68/km (180/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Administration

In 1930, the county was divided into nine districts (plăși):

  1. Plasa Aradul-Nou (comprising 22 villages)
  2. Plasa Chișineu-Criș (comprising 19 villages)
  3. Plasa Hălmagiu (comprising 45 villages)
  4. Plasa Ineu (comprising 15 villages)
  5. Plasa Pecica (comprising 12 villages)
  6. Plasa Sfânta Ana (comprising 13 villages)
  7. Plasa Sebiș (comprising 37 villages)
  8. Plasa Șiria (comprising 11 villages)
  9. Plasa Radna (comprising 36 villages)

Subsequently, a tenth district was established having been carved out of Plasa Ineu:

  1. Plasa Târnova (comprising 16 villages)

Administration was re-organized in 1947, comprising 13 districts:

  1. Plasa Aradul-Nou
  2. Plasa Chișineu-Criș
  3. Plasa Curtici
  4. Plasa Gurahonț
  5. Plasa Hălmagiu
  6. Plasa Ineu
  7. Plasa Pecica
  8. Plasa Radna
  9. Plasa Săvârșin
  10. Plasa Sebiș
  11. Plasa Sfânta Ana
  12. Plasa Șiria
  13. Plasa Târnova

Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 423,469 inhabitants, 61.0% Romanians, 19.5% Hungarians, 12.3% Germans (Banat Swabians), 2.8% Slovaks, 2.1% Jews, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, 55.8% declared Eastern Orthodox, 26.5% Roman Catholic, 5.5% Reformed, 4.2% Greek Catholic, 3.2% Lutherans, 2.4% Jewish, 1% Baptists, as well as other minorities.

Urban population

In 1930, the county's urban population was 77,181 inhabitants, 39.3% Romanians, 38.8% Hungarians, 9.1% Jews, 7.1% Germans (Banat Swabians), 1.7% Serbs and Croats, 1.4% Slovaks, as well as other minorities. In the urban area, languages were Hungarian (53.3%), Romanian (37.0%), German (6.0%), Serbian (1.4%), Yiddish (0.9%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of Roman Catholics (38.5%), Eastern Orthodox (33.8%), Jewish (10.1%), Reformed (9.9%), Greek Catholics (4.0%), Lutherans (2.6%), as well as other minorities.

Industry

The county's capital, Arad, was the location of Romania's first automotive factory. During the 1920s, Astra cars and commercial vehicles were made at Arad. ASTRA Arad manufactured automobiles from 1922 to 1926. The factory had an output of 2 automobiles per working day as of 1922.

See also

References

  1. "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  2. "Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice". Recensamantromania.ro. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  3. National Institute of Statistics, "Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 şi 2011" Archived 2006-09-22 at the Wayback Machine
  4. "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  5. Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Arad
  6. Arhivele Naționale ale României - Prefectura județului Arad 1867-1947
  7. ^ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 525-528
  8. Gerald Taylor Bloomfield, David and Charles, 1978, The World Automotive Industry, p. 243
  9. Georgano, George Nick, New York: Dutton Press, 1982, The New Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present (3rd ed.), p. 59
  10. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, 1922, Commerce Reports, Volume 1, p. 105

External links

Arad County, Romania
Cities Coat of arms of Arad County
Towns
Communes
Counties (județe) of Romania
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