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{{Short description|Town in Greater Manchester, England}} | {{Short description|Town in Greater Manchester, England}} | ||
{{hatnote group| {{distinguish|Rochedale (disambiguation){{!}}Rochedale}} {{other uses}}}} | |||
{{Other uses}} | |||
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}} | |||
{{Distinguish|Rochedale (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{ |
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}} | |||
{{Infobox UK place | {{Infobox UK place | ||
| country = England | | country = England | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|53. |
| coordinates = {{coord|53.61|-2.16|region:GB-RCH_type:city|display=inline,title}} | ||
| official_name = Rochdale | | official_name = Rochdale | ||
| area_total_sq_mi = 22 | | area_total_sq_mi = 22 | ||
| area_total_km2 = | | area_total_km2 = | ||
| population = |
| population = 111,261 | ||
| population_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/northwestengland/greater_manchester/E63001069__rochdale/|title=Rochdale (Greater Manchester, North West England, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> | |||
| population_ref = (]) | |||
| population_density_km2 = | | population_density_km2 = | ||
| metropolitan_borough = ] | | metropolitan_borough = ] | ||
| region = North West England | | region = North West England | ||
| metropolitan_county = ] | | metropolitan_county = ] | ||
| |
| constituency_westminster1 = ] | ||
| constituency_westminster2 = ] | |||
| post_town = ROCHDALE | | post_town = ROCHDALE | ||
| postcode_district = OL11, OL12, OL16 | | postcode_district = OL11, OL12, OL16 | ||
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| os_grid_reference = SD893130 | | os_grid_reference = SD893130 | ||
| london_distance = {{convert|222|mi|km|abbr=on}} ] | | london_distance = {{convert|222|mi|km|abbr=on}} ] | ||
| type = Town | |||
| static_image_name = File:Roch Valley.jpg | |||
| static_image_name = {{multiple images|border = infobox|perrow=2|total_width=260px | |||
| static_image_caption = Skyline view of Rochdale | |||
| image1 = Town Hall 14.jpg | |||
| image2 = St Chad, Rochdale (9201062011).jpg | |||
| image3 = Rochdale Municipal Offices - geograph.org.uk - 3920311.jpg | |||
| image4 = Milkstone Mosque, Rochdale (2).JPG | |||
| image5 = Rochdale town centre aerial view.png}} | |||
| static_image_caption = ], ], ], Milkstone Mosque and Rochdale Town Centre skyline | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Rochdale''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|tʃ|d|eɪ|l}} is a |
'''Rochdale''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|tʃ|d|eɪ|l}} {{respell|ROTCH|dayl}}) is a town in ], England, and the administrative centre of the ].<ref name="GM Gazetteer">{{cite web|url=http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzo2r.htm|title=Greater Manchester Gazetteer|publisher=Greater Manchester County Record Office|access-date=9 July 2007|at=Places names – O to R|archive-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718144358/http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzo2r.htm}}</ref> In the 2021 census the town had a population of 111,261, compared to 223,773 for the wider borough.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rochdale (Greater Manchester, North West England, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/northwestengland/greater_manchester/E63001069__rochdale/ |access-date=23 June 2023 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How the population changed in Rochdale, Census 2021 – ONS |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censuspopulationchange/E08000005/ |access-date=23 June 2023 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> Rochdale is in the foothills of the ] and lies in the ] (valley) of the ], {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} northwest of ], and {{convert|10|mi|km|0}} northeast of ]. | ||
Rochdale's ] begins with an entry in the ] of 1086 as "Recedham Manor" but can be traced back to the 9th century. The ] was a division of the ] and one of the larger ecclesiastical parishes in England, comprising several ]. By 1251, the town had become of such importance that it was granted a ]. | |||
Previously administered by ], Rochdale is part of the ] of Lancashire whilst being administered under the ceremonial county of Greater Manchester. Rochdale's ] begins with an entry in the ] of 1086 under | |||
"Recedham Manor". The ] was a division of the ] and one of the largest ecclesiastical parishes in England, comprising several ]. By 1251, Rochdale had become important enough to have been granted a ]. Rochdale flourished into a centre of ]'s ] trade, and by the early 18th century was described as being "remarkable for many wealthy merchants".<ref name="Pocket Rochdale">{{Cite book|title=Images of England: Rochdale|last=Godman|first=Pam|year=1996|isbn=1-84588-173-7}}</ref> | |||
The town became a centre of ]'s ]<!-- note UK spelling, do not "correct" --> trade, and by the early 18th century was described as being "remarkable for its many wealthy merchants".<ref name="Pocket Rochdale">{{cite book |last=Godman |first=Pam |title=Images of England: Rochdale |publisher=History Press Limited |year=1996 |isbn=1-84588-173-7}}</ref> In the 19th century it became a ] and centre for ]. The town is historically within ], and was a ] within it before 1974. | |||
Rochdale rose to prominence in the 19th century as a ] and centre for ]. It was a ] of the ], and amongst the first ] towns.<ref name="GM Arch"/> The ]—one of the major navigable broad ]—was a highway of commerce during this time used for the haulage of cotton, wool and coal to and from the area. The ] change brought by the success of Rochdale's textile industry in the 19th century led to its rise to ] and it remained a dominant settlement in its region.<ref name="GM Arch"/> However, during the 20th century Rochdale's spinning capacity declined towards an eventual halt.<ref name="GM Arch"/> | |||
==History== | |||
Rochdale is the birthplace of the modern ], to which more than one billion people worldwide belonged in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwatch.org/membership-co-operative-businesses-reaches-1-billion|title=Membership in Co-operative Businesses Reaches 1 Billion – Worldwatch Institute}}</ref><ref>. Retrieved 1 January 2006.</ref> The ] was founded in 1844 by 28 local residents as a response to the high cost and frequent adulteration of basic foodstuffs by shopkeepers at the time. The Pioneers were notable for combining the notion of the patronage dividend alongside investing trading surplus for member benefit, especially in education. The ], the set of ideals which underpinned the society, are still used, in updated form, by the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ica.coop/en/whats-co-op/co-operative-identity-values-principles|title=Co-operative identity, values & principles – ICA: International Co-operative Alliance}}</ref> The Rochdale Pioneers shop was the precursor to ], the largest consumer co-operative in the world. | |||
===Toponymy=== | |||
]—a ]—dates from 1871 and is one of the United Kingdom's finest examples of ] ] architecture.<ref name=NP>{{Cite book| last = Cunningham| first = C | title = Victorian & Edwardian Town Halls | year = 1981 | publisher = Routeledge | location = London }}</ref> | |||
The town is recorded as ''Recedham'' in the ] and ''Rachetham'' in 1193. Variations of ''Rechedham'' continue into the thirteenth century when the first element's termination is dropped as ''Rachedam'' became ''Racheham''. This change was soon followed with the suffix ''-ham'' (homestead) changing to ''-dale'' (wide valley). | |||
''Rachdale'' is recorded as a name for the town in 1242, but may have been used earlier as a name for the valley, ] and Parish.<ref name="mills">Mills, A.D.: ''A Dictionary of English Place Names'', 2nd Edition, page 289, s.n. Rochdale. Oxford University Press, 1998</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ekwall |first1=Eilert |title=The Place-names of Lancashire |date=1922 |publisher=Manchester University Press |page=54 |url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesoflanc00ekwauoft/page/54/mode/2up}}</ref> The Domesday Book's rendering of the name led ] to suggest a derivation from ''reced'', an obscure ] element meaning "hall". | |||
==History== | |||
Although the name of the river is still pronounced {{IPAc-en|r|oʊ|tʃ}} (with a long vowel sound), Rochdale is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|tʃ|d|eɪ|l}} (with a shorter ''o'' sound). | |||
===Etymology=== | |||
''Rochdale'' seems to be named from its position on the ] but is recorded as ''Recedham'' in the ].<ref name="mills" /> The name was thought to be derived from ] ''reced'' meaning "hall", and ''ham'', a "homestead".<ref name="mills">Mills, A.D.: ''A Dictionary of English Place Names'', 2nd Edition, page 289, s.n. Rochdale. Oxford University Press, 1998</ref> However as ''reced'' appears in no other ] place-name,{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} many authorities are more sympathetic to the view that it derives from the late Celtic kingdom of ].{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} The first part of the name may be a formation with ] ''cę:d'', meaning "wood" (] ''coed''),<ref name="BLITON">{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Alan G. |title=A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence – Guide to the Elements |url=https://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary_2019_Edition.pdf |website=Scottish Place Name Society – The Brittonic Language in the Old North |access-date=25 October 2018}}</ref> prefixed either with ''rag-'', "opposite or adjacent to",<ref name="BLITON" /> or ''rö'', "great".<ref name="BLITON" /> Over time, the name changed to ''Rachedale''<ref name="mills" /> and eventually ''Rochdale''. The river's name is a ] from the Old English name, its name is {{IPAc-en|r|oʊ|tʃ}}, with a long ''o.'' Rochdale however, is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|tʃ|d|eɪ|l}}, with a short ''o.'' | |||
===Early history=== | ===Early history=== | ||
] and Grade II ] in ]]] | ] and Grade II ] in ]]] | ||
A ], leading from ] (]) to ] (]), crossed the moors at ].<ref name="tde">{{Citation|last=Lewis|first=Samuel|title=A Topographical Dictionary of England; 'Rixton – Rochford'|url |
A ], leading from ] (]) to ] (]), crossed the moors at ].<ref name="tde">{{Citation|last=Lewis|first=Samuel|title=A Topographical Dictionary of England; 'Rixton – Rochford' |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51241#s10 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1848 |pages=679–686}}</ref> | ||
Rochdale was subjected to incursions by the ]; the castle that ] is named after, and of which no trace remains, was one of twelve Saxon forts possibly destroyed in frequent conflicts that occurred between the Saxons and Danes during the 10th and 11th centuries.<ref name="tde"/> At the time of the ] the manor was held by a Saxon ], Gamel. Rochdale appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as ''Recedham'' and was described as lying within the hundred of Salford and the county of Cheshire. At that time, Rochdale was under the lordship of ].<ref>*{{OpenDomesday|SD8913|rochdale|accessdate=23 October 2021}}</ref> Before 1212, ] granted the manor to ] whose family retained it as part of the ] until it passed to the Dukes of Lancaster by marriage and then by 1399 to ].<ref name="tde" /><ref name="vch" /> In ] times, weekly markets were held from 1250 when Edmund de Lacy obtained a grant for a market and an annual fair.<ref name="tde"/> The market was held outside the parish church where there was an "Orator's Corner".{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} | |||
] bought the manor in 1638 and it was sold by the poet, ], in 1823, to the Deardens, who hold the title. Rochdale had no manor house but the "Orchard" built in 1702 and acquired in 1745 by Simon Dearden was the home of the lords of the manor after 1823. It was described as "a red-brick building of no architectural distinction, on the north side of the river opposite the town hall" and sometimes referred to as the Manor House. It was demolished in 1922.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=993|title=War Memorial|publisher=Link4Life|access-date=28 December 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718192958/http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=993|archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref> | |||
In ] times, Rochdale was a ], and weekly markets were held from 1250 when Edmund de Lacy obtained a grant for a market and an annual fair.<ref name="tde"/> The market was held outside the parish church where there was an "Orator's Corner". | |||
===Industrial Revolution=== | ===Industrial Revolution=== | ||
Rochdale is a product of the ],<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2019 |title=Chapter 8: Mill Towns Become Mill Cities |url=https://industrialrevolutionspod.com/episodes/2019/3/22/chapter-8-mill-towns-become-mill-cities |access-date=23 June 2023 |website=The Industrial Revolutions |language=en-US}}</ref> though the manufacture of woollen cloth, particularly ], ] and ]s, was locally important as far back as the 1500s. At that time the textile industry was rooted in the ], but towards the end of the 18th century mills powered by water started to appear. | |||
The manufacture of woollen cloth, particularly ], ] and ]s, was important from the reign of ]. At this time the industry was rooted in the ] but towards the end of the 18th century mills powered by water were built. Water power was replaced by steam power in the 19th century and coal mines, mostly ]s, were opened where coal from the lower ] outcropped around the town. The Deardens who were lords of the manor were among the local coal owners.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.rochdale-on-line.com/heritage/mines.htm|title=Mines worked in Rochdale in 1896 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715193522/http://www.rochdale-on-line.com/heritage/mines.htm |archive-date=15 July 2011 |publisher= Rochdale Online |access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> By the mid-1800s the woollen trade was declining and the cotton trade which took advantage of technological developments in spinning and weaving growing in importance.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=329 |title=Trade, Industry & Transport |publisher=Link4Life |access-date=27 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718193039/http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=329 |archive-date=18 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Rochdale became one of the world's most productive ] towns when rose to prominence during the 19th century as a major ] and centre for ]. It was a ] of the ], and amongst the first ever ] towns.<ref name="GM Arch">{{Cite book|author1=McNeil, R. |author2=Nevell, M |name-list-style=amp |title=A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester|publisher=Association for Industrial Archaeology|year=2000|isbn=0-9528930-3-7}}</ref> By the end of the 19th century there were woollen mills, ] manufacturers, ]ers and ]rs but cotton spinning and weaving were the dominant industries in Rochdale.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Cotton_Mills_in_Rochdale_1891#Rochdale_.28p177.29|title=Cotton Mills in Rochdale 1891 | |||
|publisher= Grace's Guide |access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> The ] change brought by the success of Rochdale's textile industry in the 19th century led to its rise to ] and it remained a dominant settlement in its region.<ref name="GM Arch"/> However, during the 20th century Rochdale's spinning capacity declined towards an eventual halt.<ref name="GM Arch"/> | |||
Water power was replaced by steam power in the 19th century and local coal became important. The Deardens who were lords of the manor were among the local coal mine owners.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.rochdale-on-line.com/heritage/mines.htm |title=Mines worked in Rochdale in 1896 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715193522/http://www.rochdale-on-line.com/heritage/mines.htm |archive-date=15 July 2011 |publisher=Rochdale Online |access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> By the mid-1800s, the woollen trade was declining and the cotton trade was rapidly growing in importance. Cotton manufacturing took advantage of new technological developments in spinning and weaving.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=329 |title=Trade, Industry & Transport |publisher=Link4Life |access-date=27 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718193039/http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=329 |archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref> In 1804, the ] opened, providing the first link over the ] between Lancashire and Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rochdale Canal {{!}} Canal & River Trust |url=https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-river-network/rochdale-canal |access-date=23 June 2023 |website=canalrivertrust.org.uk}}</ref> | |||
The ] opened the first ] in Toad Lane in 1844.<ref name=L4LRochdale>{{Citation|url=http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=183|title=Rochdale|publisher=Link4Life|access-date=27 December 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718193128/http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=183|archive-date=18 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The reformer and ], ] (1811–1889), was born in Rochdale and gained a reputation as a leader of political dissent and supporter of the ].<ref name=odnb>{{citation |title=Bright, John (1811–1889), politician |last=Taylor|first=Miles |work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3421?docPos=3 |access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> The ] opened in around 1865.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lan-opc.org.uk/Rochdale/Rochdale/stchad/baptisms_1868.html|title=Baptisms at St Chad in the Town of Rochdale|publisher=Church of St Chad|access-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> | |||
During the 19th century, Rochdale became one of the world's most prominent cotton processing towns rising to prominence and becoming a major centre for ]. It was a ] of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first ever ] towns.<ref name="GM Arch">{{cite book |author1=McNeil, R. |author2=Nevell, M |name-list-style=amp |title=A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester |publisher=Association for Industrial Archaeology |year=2000 |isbn=0-9528930-3-7}}</ref> By the end of the 19th century Rochdale had woollen mills, ] manufacturers, ]ers and ]rs, though cotton spinning and weaving were the dominant industries in the community.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Cotton_Mills_in_Rochdale_1891#Rochdale_.28p177.29|title=Cotton Mills in Rochdale 1891 |publisher=Grace's Guide |access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |title=The Textile Industry in the British Industrial Revolution |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2183/the-textile-industry-in-the-british-industrial-rev/ |access-date=23 June 2023 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> | |||
===Post-industrial=== | |||
The first seven series of the ] school drama ] were set in Rochdale between 2006 and 2012, and filmed on location at the former Hilltop Primary School in Kirkholt, which closed in July 2003. Most of the out-of-school scenes in the series were filmed around Rochdale, and many of the pupils' homes seen on television were council houses in the Kirkholt area which were mostly built in the early postwar years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/search/title|title=IMDb: Most Popular Titles With Location Matching "Hilltop Primary School, Kirkholt, Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England, UK"}}</ref> | |||
The ] change brought by the success of Rochdale's textile industry in the 19th century led to its rise to ] and it became an important regional town based upon this economic success.<ref name="GM Arch" /> | |||
It was announced by the BBC and ] that filming on the series in Rochdale was to end in late 2011, with production moving to ] from early 2012. The final scenes to be shot at the Hilltop Primary site were filmed in November 2011. In April 2012, filming on the eighth series began on location at the new Waterloo Road set, the former ] in ], Scotland. | |||
The ] opened the first ] in Toad Lane in 1844.<ref name="L4LRochdale">{{citation |title=Rochdale |url=http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=183 |access-date=27 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718193128/http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=183 |url-status=dead |publisher=Link4Life |archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref> The reformer and ], ] (1811–1889), was born in Rochdale and gained a reputation as a leader of political dissent and supporter of the ].<ref name="odnb">{{cite ODNB |title=Bright, John (1811–1889), politician |last=Taylor |first=Miles |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/3421 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3421?docPos=3 |access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> | |||
The ] consisted of the organised ] that occurred from 2003 until 2009 and the failure of local authorities to act on reports of the abuse until 2014. | |||
===Decline of textile manufacturing=== | |||
Attempts by Rochdale Crisis Intervention Team co-ordinator for the NHS, ] to alert police and authorities to "patterns of sexual abuse" were ignored. Between 2003 and 2014, Sara Rowbothan, made more than 180 attempts to alert police and social services but was told the witnesses were not reliable.<ref>www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/sara-rowbotham-sarah-champion_uk_59bbad52e4b02da0e14106d5</ref> | |||
By the middle of the 20th century, Rochdale's economy was in decline, reflecting the broader economic situation in other textile manufacturing towns in the ]. This decline was largely driven by the global availability of cheaper textile product offerings from abroad.<ref name="iverpool">{{Cite web |title=Cotton in decline |url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/cotton-decline |access-date=23 June 2023 |website=National Museums Liverpool}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Toms |first=Steve |date=1998 |title=Growth, Profits and Technological Choice: The Case of the Lancashire Cotton Textile Industry |url=https://www.academia.edu/16447811 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |doi=10.2139/ssrn.1738265 |s2cid=109573792 |issn=1556-5068}}</ref> | |||
During the 1950s and 1960s Rochdale's lack of a diverse economic base became very apparent, with the closure of numerous textile manufacturing facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Nation on Film - Decline of the cotton industry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/nationonfilm/topics/textiles/background_decline.shtml#:~:text=During%20the%201960s%20and%2070s,once%20the%20pride%20of%20Britain. |access-date=23 June 2023 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Textile manufacturing did remain a major contributor to the local economy, even into the 1970s. Regionally, numerous companies still have some connection to the textile industry.<ref name="iverpool" /> | |||
In the 2019 ], an area of central Rochdale was ranked as the most deprived area in Greater Manchester and the 31st most deprived area in England.<ref>{{cite news |title=Area of central Rochdale named most deprived in Greater Manchester |url=https://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/2/news-headlines/130484/area-of-central-rochdale-named-most-deprived-in-greater-manchester |access-date=22 February 2021 |work=Rochdale Online |date=30 September 2019}}</ref> | |||
==Governance== | ==Governance== | ||
] of the former ], and later ] council, granted 20 February 1857. The arms incorporate references to Rochdale's early industries and lords.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/great_man.html |title=Civic Heraldry of England and Wales – Greater Manchester|publisher=civicheraldry.co.uk |date=1998–2007 |author=R.D.W. Young |access-date=14 September 2007}}</ref>]] | ] of the former ], and later ] council, granted 20 February 1857. The arms incorporate references to Rochdale's early industries and lords.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/great_man.html |title=Civic Heraldry of England and Wales – Greater Manchester|publisher=civicheraldry.co.uk |date=1998–2007 |author=R.D.W. Young |access-date=14 September 2007}}</ref>]] | ||
Lying within the ] of ] ], Rochdale was recorded in 1066 as held by Gamel, one of the twenty-one ]s of the ].<ref name="vch">{{Citation|last1=Brownbill|first1=J|last2=Farrer|first2=William|title=A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53027|publisher=Victoria County History|year=1911|pages=187–201}}</ref> | Lying within the ] of ] ], Rochdale was recorded in 1066 as held by Gamel, one of the twenty-one ]s of the ].<ref name="vch">{{Citation|last1=Brownbill|first1=J|last2=Farrer|first2=William|title=A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53027|publisher=Victoria County History|year=1911|pages=187–201}}</ref> | ||
The ancient ecclesiastical ] was divided into four townships: ], ], ] and ]. Hundersfield was later divided into four townships: Blatchinworth, ], ] and Wuerdle and Wardle. |
The ancient ecclesiastical ] was divided into four townships: ], ], ] and ]. Hundersfield was later divided into four townships: Blatchinworth, ], ] and Wuerdle and Wardle. | ||
Excluding the large ] of ], which lay entirely in ], the parish of Rochdale had an area of {{convert|65.4|sqmi|km2|1}}.<ref name="vch" /> | |||
In 1825 commissioners for the social and economic improvement of the town were established. The town became part of a ] in 1832. As there were no existing township boundaries, the commissioners and later the parliamentary constituency were deemed to cover a circular area extending three-quarters of a mile from the old market-place.<ref name="vch"/> Under the terms of the ] Rochdale became the head of Rochdale ] which was established on 15 February 1837 despite considerable local opposition.<ref name="Workhouse">{{citation |url=http://www.workhouses.org.uk/index.html?Rochdale/Rochdale.shtml |title=Rochdale Workhouse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605224217/http://www.workhouses.org.uk/index.html?Rochdale%2FRochdale.shtml |archive-date=5 June 2011 |publisher=The Workhouse |access-date=23 December 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 1856 Rochdale was incorporated as a ], giving it ] and after 1858 it obtained the powers of the improvement commissioners.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> In 1872 the remaining area of Wardleworth township and parts of Castleton, Wuerdle and Wardle, Spotland and Butterworth townships were added to the borough.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> | |||
In 1825, commissioners for the social and economic improvement of the town were established. The town became part of a ] in 1832. As there were no existing township boundaries, the commissioners and later the parliamentary constituency were deemed to cover a circular area extending three-quarters of a mile from the old market-place.<ref name="vch" /> | |||
When the ] of Lancashire was created by the ], Rochdale was elevated to become the ] and was, in modern terms, a ] area exempt from the administration of ]. In 1900 most of Castleton ] was added to the borough; this ] included parts of Castleton, Hopwood and ] townships. In 1933 parts of Norden Urban District and Birtle with Bamford civil parish were added to the borough.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> Under the ], the town's autonomous ] status was abolished. The municipal boroughs of ] and ] and ], ] and ] urban districts are now part of the ], one of the ten metropolitan boroughs in ].<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> | |||
Under the terms of the ], Rochdale became the head of Rochdale ] which was established on 15 February 1837, despite considerable local opposition.<ref name="Workhouse">{{citation |url=http://www.workhouses.org.uk/index.html?Rochdale/Rochdale.shtml |title=Rochdale Workhouse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605224217/http://www.workhouses.org.uk/index.html?Rochdale%2FRochdale.shtml |archive-date=5 June 2011 |publisher=The Workhouse |access-date=23 December 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1856 Rochdale was incorporated as a ], giving it ] and after 1858 it obtained the powers of the improvement commissioners.<ref name="GM Gazetteer" /> | |||
In 1872, the remaining area of Wardleworth township and parts of Castleton, Wuerdle and Wardle, Spotland and Butterworth townships were added to the borough.<ref name="GM Gazetteer" /> | |||
When the ] of Lancashire was created by the ], Rochdale was elevated to become the ] and was, in modern terms, a ] area exempt from the administration of ]. In 1900, most of Castleton ] was added to the borough; this ] included parts of Castleton, Hopwood and ] townships. In 1933, parts of Norden Urban District and Birtle with Bamford civil parish were added to the borough.<ref name="GM Gazetteer" /> | |||
Under the ], the town's autonomous ] status was abolished. The municipal boroughs of ] and ] and ], ] and ] urban districts are now part of the ], one of the ten metropolitan boroughs in ].<ref name="GM Gazetteer" /> | |||
Since 1953, Rochdale has been ] with ] in Germany and since 1956 with ] in France, as well as ] in Pakistan since 1988 and ] in Ukraine since 1992. Sahiwal council has received many gifts like fire brigade trucks, ambulances and grants for hospitals from the people of Rochdale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/tourism_and_travel/town_twinning.aspx |title=Town twinning |publisher=rochdale.gov.uk |access-date=1 March 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071029173635/http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/libraries/town_twinning.aspx <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 29 October 2007}}</ref> | Since 1953, Rochdale has been ] with ] in Germany and since 1956 with ] in France, as well as ] in Pakistan since 1988 and ] in Ukraine since 1992. Sahiwal council has received many gifts like fire brigade trucks, ambulances and grants for hospitals from the people of Rochdale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/tourism_and_travel/town_twinning.aspx |title=Town twinning |publisher=rochdale.gov.uk |access-date=1 March 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071029173635/http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/libraries/town_twinning.aspx <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 29 October 2007}}</ref> | ||
===Parliamentary representation=== | ===Parliamentary representation=== | ||
The ] was created by the ]. The constituency was held for two decades during the 20th century by ], first of the ] and then of the ].<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11180264|title=Former Liberal Democrat MP Cyril Smith dies|access-date=27 December 2010|date=3 September 2010|work=BBC News}}</ref> |
The ] was created by the ]. The constituency was held for two decades during the 20th century by ], first of the ] and then of the ].<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11180264|title=Former Liberal Democrat MP Cyril Smith dies|access-date=27 December 2010|date=3 September 2010|work=BBC News}}</ref> | ||
Following the ], the town was represented by ], who was elected as a Labour MP but was subsequently suspended and under investigation by the Labour Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/12075637/MP-Simon-Danczuk-probed-by-police-after-sending-spanking-texts-to-teenager.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/12075637/MP-Simon-Danczuk-probed-by-police-after-sending-spanking-texts-to-teenager.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=MP Simon Danczuk suspended by Labour over 'spanking' texts to teenager|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|date=31 December 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | |||
] (Labour) was elected as MP for Rochdale constituency in the ], and represented the constituency until his death on 17 January 2024. The seat was won by ], leader and founder of the ], in the ] on 29 February 2024, in a campaign that was dominated by opposition to British involvement in the ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Halliday |first1=Josh |last2=Ahmed |first2=Aneesa |date=1 March 2024 |title='This is for Gaza': George Galloway sweeps to victory in Rochdale byelection |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2024/mar/01/george-galloway-wins-rochdale-byelection |access-date=3 March 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Six months later Galloway was defeated in the ] by Labour MP ]. | |||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
{{ |
{{further|Geography of Greater Manchester}} | ||
Rochdale |
Rochdale is approximately {{convert|450|ft|m|0}} above ], {{convert|10|mi|km|0}} north-northeast of ], in the ] of the ]. ], ] and the ] are close to the east, whilst on all other sides, Rochdale is bound by other towns, including ], ], ], ], ] and ], with little or no ] between them. | ||
Rochdale's ] consists of a mixture of infrastructure, housing types and commercial buildings from a number of periods. Rochdale's housing stock is mixed, but has a significant amount of stone or red-brick ]s from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. |
Rochdale's ] consists of a mixture of infrastructure, housing types and commercial buildings from a number of periods. Rochdale's housing stock is mixed, but has a significant amount of stone or red-brick ]s from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. | ||
], seven large ]s (locally nicknamed 'The Seven Sisters') and a number of former ]s mark the town's skyline. The ] of Rochdale is regular when compared to most ], its form restricted in places by its hilly upland terrain. | |||
Much of Rochdale's ] is centred around a ] in the ], which is the local centre of both the town and borough. | |||
{{Geographic location | {{Geographic location | ||
|title = '''Neighbouring towns, villages and places |
| title = '''Neighbouring towns, villages and places''' | ||
|Northwest = ] | | Northwest = ] | ||
|North = ] | | North = ] | ||
|Northeast = ] | | Northeast = ] | ||
|West = ] | | West = ] | ||
|Centre = Rochdale | | Centre = Rochdale | ||
|East = ] | | East = ] | ||
|Southwest = ] | | Southwest = ] | ||
|South = ] | | South = ] | ||
|Southeast = ] | | Southeast = ] | ||
}} | }} | ||
There is a mixture of high-density ], ]s, semi-rural and ] locations in Rochdale, but overwhelmingly the ] in the town is urban. | |||
There is a mixture of high-density ], ]s, semi-rural and ] locations in Rochdale, but overwhelmingly the ] in the town is urban. For purposes of the ], it forms the fifth largest settlement of the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_urban_north_part_5.pdf |format=PDF |title=Census 2001:Key Statistics for urban areas in the North; Map 3 |author=Office for National Statistics |author-link=Office for National Statistics |publisher=statistics.gov.uk |access-date=13 September 2007 |year=2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109141715/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_urban_north_part_5.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2007 }}</ref> the ]. The ] passes to the south and southwest of Rochdale. Two ] lines enter Rochdale from the east, joining at ] before continuing southwards to the city of Manchester. | |||
For purposes of the ], the Borough of Rochdale forms the fifth largest settlement of the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_urban_north_part_5.pdf |title=Census 2001:Key Statistics for urban areas in the North; Map 3 |author=Office for National Statistics |author-link=Office for National Statistics |publisher=statistics.gov.uk |access-date=13 September 2007 |year=2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109141715/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_urban_north_part_5.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2007 }}</ref> the ]. | |||
===Divisions and suburbs=== | ===Divisions and suburbs=== | ||
{{Areas of Rochdale}} | {{Areas of Rochdale}} | ||
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} | |||
* Ashworth | * Ashworth | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
Line 123: | Line 142: | ||
* Cutgate | * Cutgate | ||
* Deeplish | * Deeplish | ||
* Dernley | |||
* Falinge | * Falinge | ||
* Fieldhouse | * Fieldhouse | ||
Line 133: | Line 153: | ||
* Kingsway | * Kingsway | ||
* Kirkholt | * Kirkholt | ||
* Littleborough | |||
* Lowerfold | * Lowerfold | ||
* Lowerplace | * Lowerplace | ||
Line 141: | Line 162: | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* Oakenrod | * Oakenrod | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* Passmonds | * Passmonds | ||
* Prickshaw | * Prickshaw | ||
Line 155: | Line 176: | ||
* Turf Hill | * Turf Hill | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
{{div col end}} | |||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||
Like much of the ], Rochdale experiences a ] ], with relatively cool summers and mild winters. | |||
{{Weather box | {{Weather box | ||
| width = auto | |||
|location = Rochdale (110 m elevation) 1981–2010 | |||
| metric first = yes | |||
|collapsed = | |||
| single line = yes | |||
|metric first = y | |||
| location = Rochdale (1991–2020) | |||
|single line = y | |||
|Jan high C = 6. |
| Jan high C = 6.9 | ||
|Feb high C = |
| Feb high C = 7.5 | ||
|Mar high C = 9. |
| Mar high C = 9.6 | ||
|Apr high C = |
| Apr high C = 12.5 | ||
|May high C = 15. |
| May high C = 15.6 | ||
|Jun high C = |
| Jun high C = 18.2 | ||
|Jul high C = |
| Jul high C = 20.0 | ||
|Aug high C = 19. |
| Aug high C = 19.6 | ||
|Sep high C = |
| Sep high C = 17.1 | ||
|Oct high C = 13. |
| Oct high C = 13.4 | ||
|Nov high C = 9. |
| Nov high C = 9.7 | ||
|Dec high C = |
| Dec high C = 7.2 | ||
|year high C = |
| year high C = 13.1 | ||
|Jan low C = 1. |
| Jan low C = 1.5 | ||
|Feb low C = 1. |
| Feb low C = 1.4 | ||
|Mar low C = 2. |
| Mar low C = 2.5 | ||
|Apr low C = 4. |
| Apr low C = 4.5 | ||
|May low C = |
| May low C = 7.2 | ||
|Jun low C = |
| Jun low C = 10.1 | ||
|Jul low C = 11. |
| Jul low C = 11.9 | ||
|Aug low C = 11. |
| Aug low C = 11.8 | ||
|Sep low C = 9.6 | | Sep low C = 9.6 | ||
|Oct low C = 6. |
| Oct low C = 6.8 | ||
|Nov low C = 3. |
| Nov low C = 3.9 | ||
|Dec low C = 1. |
| Dec low C = 1.5 | ||
|year low C = |
| year low C = 6.1 | ||
| rain colour = green | |||
|Jan precipitation mm = 112.2 | |||
| |
| Jan rain mm = 119.2 | ||
| |
| Feb rain mm = 97.1 | ||
| |
| Mar rain mm = 89.9 | ||
| |
| Apr rain mm = 68.4 | ||
| |
| May rain mm = 65.7 | ||
| |
| Jun rain mm = 82.9 | ||
| |
| Jul rain mm = 96.9 | ||
| |
| Aug rain mm = 100.2 | ||
| |
| Sep rain mm = 97.8 | ||
| |
| Oct rain mm = 116.8 | ||
| |
| Nov rain mm = 123.5 | ||
| |
| Dec rain mm = 138.9 | ||
| year rain mm = 1197.2 | |||
|Jan precipitation days = 15.9 | |||
| |
| unit rain days = 1 mm | ||
| |
| Jan rain days = 17.1 | ||
| |
| Feb rain days = 13.7 | ||
| |
| Mar rain days = 13.4 | ||
| |
| Apr rain days = 11.8 | ||
| |
| May rain days = 10.9 | ||
| |
| Jun rain days = 12.6 | ||
| |
| Jul rain days = 13.1 | ||
| |
| Aug rain days = 14.8 | ||
| |
| Sep rain days = 13.2 | ||
| |
| Oct rain days = 15.3 | ||
| |
| Nov rain days = 17.2 | ||
| |
| Dec rain days = 17.6 | ||
| |
| year rain days = 170.8 | ||
| |
| Jan sun = 32.2 | ||
| |
| Feb sun = 49.8 | ||
| |
| Mar sun = 98.9 | ||
| |
| Apr sun = 152.7 | ||
| |
| May sun = 175.4 | ||
| |
| Jun sun = 152.8 | ||
| |
| Jul sun = 170.8 | ||
| |
| Aug sun = 153.5 | ||
| |
| Sep sun = 116.3 | ||
| |
| Oct sun = 78.7 | ||
| |
| Nov sun = 41.6 | ||
| Dec sun = 42.7 | |||
|source 1 =Met Office<ref></ref> | |||
| year sun = 1265.5 | |||
| source 1 = ]<ref name="MetOffice">{{cite web | |||
|url = https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcw2ymd6s | |||
|title = Rochdale - Climate Station (Greater Manchester) UK climate averages - Met Office | |||
|publisher = Met Office | |||
|access-date = July 17, 2024}}</ref> | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Demography== | ==Demography== | ||
{{ |
{{further|Demographics of Greater Manchester}} | ||
At the ], Rochdale had a population of 95,796. The 2001 population density was {{convert|11186|PD/sqmi|0}}, with a 100 to 94.4 female-to-male ratio.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref> Of those over 16 years old, 28.2% were single (never married), 44.0% married, and 8.8% divorced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref> Rochdale's 37,730 households included 30.4% one-person, 36.6% married couples living together, 8.4% were ] couples, and 11.1% single parents with their children.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref> Of those aged 16–74, 37.1% had no ], similar to the figure for all of Rochdale, but higher than that of 28.9% in all of England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref><ref name="Stockport MB stats">{{cite web|title=Stockport Metropolitan Borough key statistics |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276782&c=Stockport&d=13&e=16&g=354915&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1198230591093&enc=1}} Retrieved on 17 August 2008.<br />•{{cite web|title=Stockport Metropolitan Borough ethnic group data |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276782&c=Stockport&d=13&e=16&g=354915&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1198230591109&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87}} Retrieved on 17 August 2008.</ref> Rochdale has the highest number of ] claimants in Greater Manchester, with 6.1 per cent of its adult population claiming the benefit in early 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/news/business/s/1200745_more_unemployed_and_for_longer |title=More unemployed and for longer |date=17 March 2010 |access-date=24 June 2010|publisher=M.E.N. Media}}</ref> | |||
===2001=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 2em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3" | |||
At the ], Rochdale had a population of 95,796. The 2001 population density was {{convert|11186|PD/sqmi|0}}, with a 100 to 94.4 female-to-male ratio.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref> Of those over 16 years old, 28.2% were single (never married), 44.0% married, and 8.8% divorced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref> Rochdale's 37,730 households included 30.4% one-person, 36.6% married couples living together, 8.4% were ] couples, and 11.1% single parents with their children.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref> Of those aged 16–74, 37.1% had no ], similar to the figure for all of Rochdale, but higher than that of 28.9% in all of England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152|date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref><ref name="Stockport MB stats">{{cite web |title=Stockport Metropolitan Borough key statistics |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276782&c=Stockport&d=13&e=16&g=354915&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1198230591093&enc=1 }} Retrieved on 17 August 2008.<br />•{{cite web |title=Stockport Metropolitan Borough ethnic group data |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276782&c=Stockport&d=13&e=16&g=354915&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1198230591109&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87 |access-date=25 April 2009 |archive-date=25 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525205424/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276782&c=Stockport&d=13&e=16&g=354915&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1198230591109&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87 |url-status=dead }} Retrieved on 17 August 2008.</ref> Rochdale has the highest number of ] claimants in Greater Manchester, with 6.1 per cent of its adult population claiming the benefit in early 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/news/business/s/1200745_more_unemployed_and_for_longer |title=More unemployed and for longer |date=17 March 2010 |access-date=24 June 2010|publisher=M.E.N. Media}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="4"|'''Rochdale compared''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Rochdale ethnicity & religion 2001 | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''2001 UK census'''||'''Rochdale'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref>||''']'''<ref name="Rochdale MB stats">{{cite web|title=Rochdale Metropolitan Borough key statistics |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=276780&c=Rochdale&d=13&e=16&g=353557&i=1001x1003x1004&o=254&m=0&r=1&s=1240616573781&enc=1 |access-date=25 April 2009}}<br />•{{cite web|title=Rochdale Metropolitan Borough ethnic group data |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276780&c=Rochdale&d=13&e=16&g=353557&i=1001x1003x1004&o=254&m=0&r=1&s=1240616573812&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87 |access-date=25 April 2009}}</ref>||'''England''' | | '''2001 UK census'''||'''Rochdale'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152 |date=22 July 2004 |access-date=25 April 2009|work=ons.gov.uk|at= {{XLSlink}}}}</ref>||''']'''<ref name="Rochdale MB stats">{{cite web|title=Rochdale Metropolitan Borough key statistics |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=276780&c=Rochdale&d=13&e=16&g=353557&i=1001x1003x1004&o=254&m=0&r=1&s=1240616573781&enc=1 |access-date=25 April 2009}}<br />•{{cite web|title=Rochdale Metropolitan Borough ethnic group data |publisher=Statistics.gov.uk |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276780&c=Rochdale&d=13&e=16&g=353557&i=1001x1003x1004&o=254&m=0&r=1&s=1240616573812&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87 |access-date=25 April 2009}}</ref>||'''England''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Total population||95,796||205,357||49,138,831 | | Total population||95,796||205,357||49,138,831 | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="4"|''Ethnicity'' | ! colspan="4"|''Ethnicity'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|White||78.7%||88.6%||91% | | White||78.7%||88.6%||91% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Asian||19.9%||9.8%||4.6% | | Asian||19.9%||9.8%||4.6% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Black||0.3%||0.3%||2.3% | | Black||0.3%||0.3%||2.3% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Other||1.1%||1.3%||2.1% | | Other||1.1%||1.3%||2.1% | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="4"|''Religion'' | ! colspan="4"|''Religion'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Christian||62.7%||72.1%||71.7% | | Christian||62.7%||72.1%||71.7% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Muslim||19.1%||9.4%||3.1% | | Muslim||19.1%||9.4%||3.1% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Other religion||7.8%||7.7%||10.6% | | Other religion||7.8%||7.7%||10.6% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|No religion||10.4%||10.8%||14.6% | | No religion||10.4%||10.8%||14.6% | ||
|} | |} | ||
===2011=== | |||
In 2011, Rochdale had a population of 107,926 which makes it about the same size as ] and ]. The population increased from 95,796 in 2001. Rochdale is one of four townships in the ] along with ], Heywood and Pennine (a township which includes ] and ]). Rochdale is considered an Urban Subdivision by the local borough council. | |||
In 2011, Rochdale had a population of 107,926 which makes it about the same size as ] and ]. The population increased from 95,796 in 2001. Rochdale is one of four townships in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale along with ], Heywood and Pennine (a township which includes ] and ]). Rochdale is considered an Urban Subdivision by the local borough council. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Rochdale ethnicity 2011<ref name="ukcensusdata.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/rochdale-e08000005#sthash.WWxchLwX.dpbs|title=Rochdale – UK Census Data 2011|first=Good Stuff IT|last=Services}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks201ew|title=KS201EW (Ethnic group) – Nomis – Official Labour Market Statistics}}</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Rochdale compared 2011 !! Rochdale !! Rochdale (Borough) | ! Rochdale compared 2011 !! Rochdale !! Rochdale (Borough) | ||
Line 276: | Line 309: | ||
|} | |} | ||
<ref name="ukcensusdata.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/rochdale-e08000005#sthash.WWxchLwX.dpbs|title=Rochdale – UK Census Data 2011|first=Good Stuff IT|last=Services}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks201ew|title=KS201EW (Ethnic group) – Nomis – Official Labour Market Statistics}}</ref> | |||
In 2011, 34.8% of Rochdale's population were non white British, compared with 21.4% for the surrounding borough. Rochdale town also has almost double the percentage of Asians compared with the ], which had a population of 211,699 in 2011.<ref name="ukcensusdata.com"/> This means the town takes up almost 55% of the borough's population. | |||
In 2011, 34.8% of Rochdale's population were non white British, compared with 21.4% for the surrounding borough. Rochdale town also has almost double the percentage of Asians compared with the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, which had a population of 211,699 in 2011.<ref name="ukcensusdata.com"/> This means the town takes up almost 55% of the borough's population. | |||
===2021=== | |||
As of 2021, the town of Rochdale's population was enumerated at 111,261, and its ethnic makeup was 57.2% ], 34.3% ], 2.6% ], 3.4% ], 2.1% Other and 0.5% ]. The town's religious makeup was 38% ], 36% ], 24.2% No Religion, and has small ], ], ] and ] communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rochdale (Greater Manchester, North West England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/northwestengland/greater_manchester/E63001069__rochdale/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> | |||
More than 40% of children in the Rochdale borough are living in poverty,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/2/news-headlines/152050/rochdale-has-one-of-the-highest-child-poverty-rates-in-the-uk | title=Rochdale has one of the highest child poverty rates in the UK }}</ref> | |||
==Landmarks== | ==Landmarks== | ||
{{See also|List of Scheduled Monuments in Greater Manchester|Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester|Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester|List of public art in Greater Manchester}} | {{See also|List of Scheduled Monuments in Greater Manchester|Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester|Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester|List of public art in Greater Manchester}} | ||
There are four grade I ]s in the town: the Town Hall,<ref>{{NHLE |num=1084275 |desc=Town Hall}}</ref> the Cenotaph,<ref>{{NHLE |num=1084274 |desc=Rochdale Cenotaph}}</ref> the ],<ref name=nhle-st-mary>{{NHLE |num=1025294 |desc=Church of St Mary-in-the-Baum}}</ref> and ].<ref name=nhle-st-edmund>{{NHLE |num=1084273 |desc=Church of Saint Edmund and associated boundary walll, railings and gates}}</ref> | |||
] stands before ]]] | ] stands before ] ]] | ||
] is a ] ] "widely recognized as being one of the finest municipal buildings in the country".<ref name="RMBC43">Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council, ''Metropolitan Rochdale Official Guide'', n.d., Ed. J. Burrow & Co., p. 43</ref> It is the ceremonial headquarters of ] and houses local government departments, including the borough's ]. | |||
Built in the ] it was inaugurated on 27 September 1871. The architect, ], won a competition held in 1864. The town hall had a {{convert|240|ft|m|0|adj=on}} ] topped by a wooden spire with a gilded statue of ] which were destroyed by fire on 10 April 1883. A new {{convert|191|ft|m|0|adj=on}} stone clock tower and spire in the style of ] was designed by ], and erected in 1888. Art critic ] described the building as possessing a "rare picturesque beauty".<ref name="Pevsner 59">{{harvnb|Hartwell|Hyde|Pevsner|2004|p=59.}}</ref> Its ] windows, some designed by ], are credited as "the finest modern examples of their kind".<ref name="RMBC43" />{{failed verification|date=June 2023|reason=Reference doesn't go anywhere}} It has been described as one of the United Kingdom's finest examples of ] ] architecture.<ref name=NP>{{Cite book| last = Cunningham| first = C | title = Victorian & Edwardian Town Halls | year = 1981 | publisher = Routeledge | location = London }}</ref> | |||
The building came to the attention of ] who was said to have admired it so much that he wished to ship the building, brick-by-brick, to ] had the United Kingdom been defeated in the ].<ref name="hit1">{{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/rochdaleobserver/news/s/518474_amazing_windows_always_a_glass_act.html|title=Amazing windows always a glass act|publisher=M.E.N. Media|work=Rochdale Observer|date=7 October 2006|access-date=22 December 2007}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="hit2">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/manchester/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8256000/8256689.stm|work=BBC News|title=Preserving the Rochdale Reichstag|date=15 September 2009|access-date=16 January 2010}}</ref> | |||
], a war memorial bearing four sculpted and painted flags, is opposite the town hall. It commemorates those who died in conflicts since the ] (1914–1918). The monument and surrounding gardens were designed by ].<ref>Rochdale Official Guide (3rd edition); Pyramid Press; London; 1952</ref><ref>Hartwell, C., (2004), ''Buildings of South Lancashire'', p. 595.</ref> | |||
The ], a war memorial bearing four sculpted and painted flags, is located opposite the town hall. It commemorates those who died in conflicts since the ]. The monument and surrounding gardens were designed by ].<ref>Rochdale Official Guide (3rd edition); Pyramid Press; London; 1952</ref><ref>Hartwell, C., (2004), ''Buildings of South Lancashire'', p. 595.</ref> Rochdale’s cenotaph is one of eight designed by Lutyens in England. The earliest to be erected was at ] in 1920; the last at ], in 1927. The monument is made from Cornish granite and sits on the site of a building known as Manor House, which was used as a recruiting station during World War I. The cenotaph was built by Hobson Ltd of Nottingham at a cost of £12,611. It was unveiled by the Earl of Derby on 26 November 1922 and dedicated by the Archdeacon of Rochdale. It is about 10m tall and the top section is a ], which includes a carving of a horizontal figure. | |||
In Rochdale, is ]. It was built in 1927 in ] and is a Grade II* listed building.<ref> from British Listed Buildings, retrieved 6 December 2018</ref> | |||
] | |||
Adjacent to the town hall is a statue of the late singer, comedian and actress ]. The statue was unveiled by ] on Sunday 18 September 2016. It was created by sculptor ], who based the statue on Fields's look during the 1940s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GRACIE FIELDS |url=https://statuesforequality.com/pages/gracie-fields |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Statues For Equality |language=en}}</ref> The statue was the first of a woman to be unveiled in Greater Manchester in more than 100 years<ref>{{Cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |last2=correspondent |first2=Josh Halliday North of England |date=2016-09-19 |title='Our Gracie' comes home: Rochdale salutes Gracie Fields with statue |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/sep/19/our-gracie-comes-home-rochdale-salutes-gracie-fields-with-statue |access-date=2024-09-20 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and was part of the ] wider regeneration of the town centre. | |||
] | |||
In Broadfield Park in the town centre there is a statue of ] MP, a British ] and ] statesman, who is regarded as one of the greatest orators of his generation and a promoter of ] policies. Bright was born in Rochdale and became famous for his crusade to repeal Britain's ] and his promotion of religious freedom and ]. | |||
Worthy of note is a large industrial park, named the ] for which planning permission for its construction began in 2009. The complex covers an area of {{convert|420|acre|sqmi sqkm}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/1/business-news/40792/jd-sports-signs-deal-for-largest-warehouse-on-kingsway-business-park|title=JD Sports signs deal for largest warehouse on Kingsway Business Park|website=www.rochdaleonline.co.uk|access-date=14 February 2020}}</ref> | |||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||
] in Rochdale is |
] in Rochdale is coordinated by ] (TfGM), who owns the bus station and coordinates transport services in the area. | ||
===Road=== | ===Road=== | ||
The earliest routes around Rochdale were tracks and ] routes and a paved track over Blackstone Edge into ] that had Roman origins.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.transportheritage.com/find-heritage-locations.html?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=61&sobi2Id=270|title=Blackstone Edge Roman Road|publisher= Transport Trust|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref> As trade increased the |
The earliest routes around Rochdale were tracks and ] routes and a paved track over Blackstone Edge into ] that had Roman origins.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.transportheritage.com/find-heritage-locations.html?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=61&sobi2Id=270|title=Blackstone Edge Roman Road|publisher= Transport Trust|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref> As trade increased the Blackstone Edge ] road was built in 1735. | ||
The ] to the south of the town is accessed via the ], which starts at Sandbrook Park in Rochdale and runs to Elk Mill in ]. The A627(M) provides |
The ] to the south of the town is accessed via the ], which starts at Sandbrook Park in Rochdale and runs to Elk Mill in ]. The A627(M) provides access to the M62 and to Oldham. | ||
===Rochdale Canal=== | ===Rochdale Canal=== | ||
The idea for the ] emerged in 1776, when ] was commissioned to survey possible routes between ] and Manchester. |
The idea for the ] emerged in 1776, when ] was commissioned to survey possible routes between ] and Manchester. | ||
However it was not until 4 April 1794 that an Act of Parliament was obtained. The broad canal which linked the ] in Manchester with the ] at Sowerby Bridge became a major artery of commerce between Lancashire and Yorkshire for cotton, wool, coal, limestone, timber, and salt.<ref name="PW">{{Citation |url=http://www.penninewaterways.co.uk/rochdale/rc2.htm|title=History of the Rochdale Canal|publisher= Pennine Waterways|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref> The ] has the highest concentration of canal locks in the regional northern canal system; it houses 91 locks over {{convert|32|mi}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rochdale Canal {{!}} Canal & River Trust |url=https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-river-network/rochdale-canal |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=canalrivertrust.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> | |||
] is part of the canal system, the lake was originally designed to regulate water levels and was part of the original engineering initiative. By the 1950s, the canal had fallen into general disuse and was abandoned in the 1960s along with many other industrial areas that had supported traditional industries. The lower section from the Bridgewater Canal to the junction with the ] was restored as part of the ] in 1974. The rest of the canal was restored and re-opened in 2003. Local activist groups have worked to improve the canal further. | |||
===Rail and Metrolink=== | ===Rail and Metrolink=== | ||
] stop at ]]] | ] stop at ]]] | ||
Demand from the cross-Pennine trade to support local ], ] and ] industries led to the building of the ] which opened in 1839 from Manchester to ], and from ] to ] in 1840 |
Demand from the cross-Pennine trade to support local ], ] and ] industries led to the building of the ] which opened in 1839 from Manchester to ], and from ] to ] in 1840. | ||
The service to Manchester Victoria on the ] ended in October 2009, in preparation for conversion of the line to an extension of the ] light rail system, renamed as the ]. |
The linking section opened on completion of the ] in 1841. ] is about a mile south of the town centre. Trains run to ], ], ], ] and ]. A new service to ] and ] commenced in 2015. | ||
The service to Manchester Victoria on the ] ended in October 2009, in preparation for conversion of the line to an extension of the ] light rail system, renamed as the ]. | |||
It was deferred in 2004 on grounds of cost but in July 2006 plans were approved for the extension from Manchester Victoria as far as Rochdale railway station, and opened on 28 February 2013. | |||
The extension to Rochdale town centre, via Drake Street and terminating opposite ] opened on 31 March 2014. | |||
===Bus=== | ===Bus=== | ||
Until 1969, the borough's bus service was provided by the municipal operator Rochdale Corporation Transport which was merged into the SELNEC Passenger Transport Executive. Rochdale's old bus station closed in November 2013 and was demolished in April 2014 along with the ] and municipal offices (known locally as 'The Black Box'), to make way for the new |
Until 1969, the borough's bus service was provided by the municipal operator Rochdale Corporation Transport which was merged into the ]. Rochdale's old bus station closed in November 2013 and was demolished in April 2014 along with the ] and municipal offices (known locally as 'The Black Box'), to make way for the new Rochdale Riverside retail and leisure development.<ref>{{ cite web | title=Rochdale Town Centre Demolitions | url=http://www.rochdaletowncentre.com/home/Developments/demolitions | year=2014 | access-date=20 August 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821071849/http://www.rochdaletowncentre.com/home/Developments/demolitions | archive-date=21 August 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> | ||
The replacement ] is located next to the council office and main library building ] and is linked with ]. | |||
There are frequent bus services from Rochdale, operated by ], to Middleton, Royton, Chadderton, Oldham, Ashton-under-Lyne, Bury and Bolton. Frequent services to Manchester city centre are provided by ]'s ] overground service. There are cross-county services into Lancashire and West Yorkshire, provided by ], who operates to Rawtenstall and Accrington, ], which operates to Burnley and Halifax, both via Todmorden, while the service to Halifax via Ripponden is operated by ]. | |||
There are frequent bus services from Rochdale, operated by ], to Middleton, Royton, Chadderton, Oldham, Ashton-under-Lyne, Bury and Bolton. Frequent services to Manchester city centre are provided by First Greater Manchester's ] overground service. | |||
There are cross-county services into Lancashire, West Yorkshire and Littleborough provided by ], who operates to Rawtenstall and Accrington, ], which operates to Burnley and Halifax, both via Todmorden, while the service to Halifax via Ripponden is operated by ]. | |||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
{{Main article|List of schools in Rochdale}} | {{Main article|List of schools in Rochdale}} | ||
] is a ] college with a campus in Rochdale. It offers vocational courses for school leavers, and courses for adult learners and some ]. | ] is a ] college with a campus in Rochdale. It offers vocational courses for school leavers, and courses for adult learners and some ]. | ||
] opened in September 2010, and is the primary provider of ] courses in Rochdale and the wider |
] opened in September 2010, and is the primary provider of ] courses in Rochdale and the wider metropolitan borough. Most secondary schools in the area no longer offer ] courses. | ||
==Media== | |||
Local news and television programmes are provided by ] and ]. Television signals are received from the ] TV transmitter.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Winter_Hill |title=Full Freeview on the Winter Hill (Bolton, England) transmitter |date=May 2004 |publisher=UK Free TV |access-date= 7 October 2023}}</ref> | |||
Local radio stations are ], ], ], ], ], ] and Rochdale Valley, a community based radio station.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rochvalleyradio.com/|title=Rochdale Valley|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> | |||
Rochdale is served by the local newspaper the '']'', and by regional newspaper, the '']''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-nw/rochdale-observer|title=Rochdale Observer|date=24 February 2014|website=British Papers|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> | |||
==Religion== | ==Religion== | ||
{{ |
{{see also|List of churches in Greater Manchester}} | ||
] is a grade II* ].<ref>{{NHLE |num=1045812 |desc=Church of St Chad, Rochdale |access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref> It was the mother church of ] and was founded before 1170, possibly on an ] site. Much of the current building is the result of late ]. Other Anglican churches include the grade I listed ].<ref name=nhle-st-mary /> | |||
] was built in 1927 in ] and is a grade II* listed building.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1394998 |desc=Roman Catholic church of St John|access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref> | |||
]'s Church was the mother church of the ancient ] and was founded before 1170, possibly on a ] site. Much of the current building is the result of late ]. A local legend relates that the site was chosen by spirits and fairies as on several occasions stone for the church building was moved from near the river to the hill on which St. Chad's stands. The church is accessed from the town below by a flight of 124 steps.<ref name="Gen">{{Citation |url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/LAN/Rochdale/StChad.shtml|title=St Chad, Rochdale – Church of England |publisher= GenUKI|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref> The town ] (no longer in use) are in the churchyard. | |||
]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1307757 |title=Marland Grange |website=Heritage Gateway |accessdate=31 March 2014}}</ref> was a ] grange of ], ], then of ]. The grange was founded before 1212. | |||
Rochdale is also home to 21 Mosques of various denominations. Rochdale Central Masjid is the largest of Rochdale's Mosques. | |||
Rochdale is home to 21 mosques of ]. Rochdale Central Masjid is the largest of Rochdale's mosques.<ref>{{cite web |title=CMR – Central Masjid Rochdale |url=https://centralmosquerochdale.com/about/ |website=Central Mosque Rochdale |access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref> | |||
==Public services== | ==Public services== | ||
] overlooking Rochdale]] | ] overlooking Rochdale]] | ||
] policing in Rochdale is provided by ] and the Rochdale Division has headquarters at Town Meadow adjacent to the ]. |
] policing in Rochdale is provided by ] and the Rochdale Division has headquarters at Town Meadow adjacent to the ]. | ||
] are provided by the ], which has fire stations in Rochdale, Littleborough and Heywood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manchesterfire.gov.uk/my_area/rochdale.aspx|author=Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service|author-link=Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service|access-date=12 September 2014|title=Rochdale borough fire stations|archive-date=21 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721171834/http://www.manchesterfire.gov.uk/my_area/rochdale.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
Emergency healthcare is provided by ]. The Trust operates four hospitals in the North Manchester area, including the Rochdale Infirmary for the ]. Patient transport is provided by the ]. Rochdale Infirmary is the only hospital serving the town since the closure of ] which occupied the former Rochdale Union ] at Dearnley in 2007.<ref name="Workhouse"/> New facilities were established at Rochdale Infirmary as part of the town's healthcare restructure. ] services in Rochdale are provided by the Heywood, Middleton and Rochdale NHS Primary Care Trust. In 2006 it was announced that Accident & Emergency facilities at Rochdale Infirmary would be removed by 2011, leaving Oldham and Bury as the closest departments serving Rochdale.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/health/s/223263_emergency_unit_closure_announced|title=Emergency unit closure announced|work=Manchester Evening News|date=14 September 2006|access-date=28 March 2011|publisher=M.E.N. Media}}</ref> Confirmation that the unit would close was met with protest locally, including a march through the town centre.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/2/news-headlines/54465/protestors-march-to-infirmary-with-save-our-services-message|title=Protestors march to Infirmary with 'save our services' message|publisher= Rochdale Online|access-date=28 March 2011}}</ref> | |||
Emergency healthcare is provided by ]. The Trust operates four hospitals in the North Manchester area, including the Rochdale Infirmary for the ]. Patient transport is provided by the ]. | |||
] is co-ordinated by the ] via the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmwda.gov.uk/|title=Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA)|publisher=gmwda.gov.uk|author=Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority|author-link=Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority|year=2008|access-date=8 February 2008}}</ref> | |||
Rochdale Infirmary is the main hospital serving the town since the closure of ] which occupied the former Rochdale Union ] at Dearnley in 2007.<ref name="Workhouse" /> New facilities were established in Rochdale Infirmary as part of a restructuring of the town's healthcare services. | |||
Rochdale's ] for electricity was ] until 2010, when its electricity subsidiary was sold to ]. There are no ]s in the town, but ] which has 26 turbines was built on the high moors between ] and Rochdale. The ] generates 65] of electricity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/indexorig.html|publisher=scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk|title=Scout Moor Wind Farm|access-date=2 March 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080209124954/http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/indexorig.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 9 February 2008}}</ref> United Utilities manage Rochdale's ] and ].<ref name="UU">{{cite web|url=http://www.unitedutilities.com/?OBH=413&SCH=rochdale&ID=1416|title=Rochdale|publisher=unitedutilities.com|author=United Utilities|author-link=United Utilities|date=6 April 2007|access-date=8 February 2008}}</ref> Water supplies are sourced from several reservoirs, including ], ], ] and ] in Rochdale's outlying moorland.<ref name="UU"/> | |||
Mental Health services are found to the back of the former Birch Hill Hospital and provide care for children and adults on both an inpatient and out-patient basis. | |||
] services in Rochdale are provided by the Heywood, Middleton and Rochdale NHS Primary Care Trust. In 2006 it was announced that Accident & Emergency facilities at Rochdale Infirmary would be closed by 2011, leaving Oldham and Bury as the closest departments serving Rochdale.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/health/s/223263_emergency_unit_closure_announced|title=Emergency unit closure announced|work=Manchester Evening News|date=14 September 2006|access-date=28 March 2011|publisher=M.E.N. Media}}</ref> Confirmation that the unit would close was met with protest locally, including a march through the town centre.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/2/news-headlines/54465/protestors-march-to-infirmary-with-save-our-services-message|title=Protestors march to Infirmary with 'save our services' message|publisher= Rochdale Online|access-date=28 March 2011}}</ref> | |||
] was coordinated by the ] from 1986 via the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmwda.gov.uk/|title=Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA)|publisher=gmwda.gov.uk|author=Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority|author-link=Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority|year=2008|access-date=8 February 2008}}</ref> and since April 1, 2018 via its representation on the ].<ref>{{cite act |index=2017/612 |type=statutory instrument |date=26 April 2017 |article=9 |title=The Greater Manchester Combined Authority (Functions and Amendment) Order 2017 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/612/introduction/made}}</ref> | |||
Rochdale's ] for electricity was ] until 2010, when its electricity subsidiary was sold to ]. There are no ]s in the town following the closure of ] in 1958, but ] which has 26 turbines was built on the high moors between ] and Rochdale. | |||
The ] generates 65] of electricity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/indexorig.html|publisher=scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk|title=Scout Moor Wind Farm|access-date=2 March 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080209124954/http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/indexorig.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 9 February 2008}}</ref> United Utilities manage Rochdale's ] and ].<ref name="UU">{{cite web|url=http://www.unitedutilities.com/?OBH=413&SCH=rochdale&ID=1416|title=Rochdale|publisher=unitedutilities.com|author=United Utilities|author-link=United Utilities|date=6 April 2007|access-date=8 February 2008}}</ref> Water supplies are sourced from several reservoirs, including ], ], ] and ] in Rochdale's outlying moorland.<ref name="UU" /> | |||
==Sports== | ==Sports== | ||
Rochdale has two professional sports teams |
Rochdale has two professional sports teams: ] (]) and ] (]); both play home games at the ]. Rochdale AFC were founded in 1907 and joined the ] in 1921, when the new ] (North) was created.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/page/History/0,,10441,00.html|title=Rochdale AFC History|publisher=Rochdale AFC|access-date=27 December 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723061002/http://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/page/History/0,,10441,00.html|archive-date=23 July 2011}}</ref> | ||
The club has never played above the third tier of the English league divisional structure and, before its promotion at the end of the 2009/10 season (their first promotion since 1969), had played continuously in the Football League's lowest division since 1974. However, the club reached the ] Final in 1962 and lost to ]. | |||
] is one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making it one of the world's first rugby league teams.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.hornetsrugbyleague.co.uk/|title=Rochdale Hornets|publisher= Rochdale Hornets|access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> | ] is one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making it one of the world's first rugby league teams.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.hornetsrugbyleague.co.uk/|title=Rochdale Hornets|publisher= Rochdale Hornets|access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> | ||
The town was previously home to defunct non-league football club, ] |
The town was previously home to defunct non-league football club, ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.clubwebsite.co.uk/rochdaletownfc01/ |title=Rochdale Town FC |publisher= Club Website |access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> but still hosts ] amateur rugby league club ]. Rochdale R.U.F.C. who play in ]. There are two adult amateur football leagues: the Rochdale Online Alliance League and the Rochdale and District Sunday Football League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rochdalesundayleague.com|title=None}}</ref> | ||
Golf courses around the town include Rochdale Golf Club and Marland Golf Course at ].<ref>{{cite web|author=Anon |url=http://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/community/A/846/golf/846|title=Rochdale Online Golf Directory |access-date=24 December 2007}}</ref> The town also has a number of cricket clubs, most of which play in the Pennine Cricket League (PCL). Rochdale Sub-Aqua Club was formed in 1959 and remains active.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/sites/rochdale-sub-aqua-club|title=Rochdale Sub Aqua|publisher= Rochdale Online |access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> | Golf courses around the town include Rochdale Golf Club and Marland Golf Course, at ].<ref>{{cite web|author=Anon |url=http://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/community/A/846/golf/846|title=Rochdale Online Golf Directory |access-date=24 December 2007}}</ref> The town also has a number of cricket clubs, most of which play in the Pennine Cricket League (PCL). Rochdale Sub-Aqua Club was formed in 1959 and remains active.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/sites/rochdale-sub-aqua-club|title=Rochdale Sub Aqua|publisher= Rochdale Online |access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> | ||
] racing was staged at the ] in 1928–30 and returned at the start of the 1970s when it provided a home for the British League Division Two ] juniors and ]. ], who won the 1976 World Championship was a Hornets rider.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.defunctspeedway.co.uk/Rochdale.htm|title=Rochdale Speedway|publisher= Defunct Speedway Tracks|access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> | ] racing was staged at the ] in 1928–30 and returned at the start of the 1970s when it provided a home for the British League Division Two ] juniors and ]. ], who won the 1976 World Championship was a Hornets rider.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.defunctspeedway.co.uk/Rochdale.htm|title=Rochdale Speedway|publisher= Defunct Speedway Tracks|access-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> | ||
Stuart Smith<ref>{{ |
Stuart Smith<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/4/sport-news/51028/race-ace-stuart-smith-dies|title=Race ace Stuart Smith dies|website=www.rochdaleonline.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://f1stockcars.com/the-drivers/legends/stuart-smith-391/|title=F1Stockcars.com » Maintenance Mode|website=f1stockcars.com}}</ref> and Doug Cronshaw<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://f1stockcars.com/the-drivers/legends/doug-cronshaw-396/|title=F1Stockcars.com » Maintenance Mode|website=f1stockcars.com}}</ref> competed in ] between 1965 and 1984. | ||
==Twin towns – sister cities== | |||
==Notable people== | |||
{{unreferenced|section|date=July 2024}} | |||
{{Main article|List of people from Rochdale}} | |||
* ], ], Bangladesh | |||
The 19th century saw several notable characters. Lancashire ] poet ] (1817–1890) was born and brought up in the town, as was ], noted as one of the first war photographers. The aristocrat and poet ] was Lord Byron of Rochdale. Rochdale has a proud liberal political heritage, as shown by such people as ], one of the first Quakers to sit in the House of Commons; ], the radical and writer; and ], the inspiration behind the Methodist Unitarian movement. In the 20th century, another prominent (if now controversial) political personality was ]. | |||
* ], ], Germany | |||
* ], ], Ukraine | |||
* ], ], Pakistan | |||
* ], ], ], France | |||
== Notable people == | |||
Among Rochdale’s residents have been several musicians, including singers ], ] (born in ]) and ] and bands ], ], The Way We Live, ], ] and ]. ] drummer ] also hails from Rochdale. Broadcasters ], ], ] and ] also have links with the town, Peel having lived there for a period of time and the latter three having been born there. Actors ], ] and ] were born in Rochdale. ], who was born and brought up in ], lived for much of his life in Rochdale and was buried there in August 2003.<ref | |||
{{more citations needed|section|date=June 2023}} | |||
{{Main article|List of people from the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale}} | |||
Lancashire ] poet ] (1817–1890) was born and brought up in the town. | |||
The aristocrat and poet ] was Lord Byron of Rochdale. Rochdale has a proud liberal political heritage, as shown by such people as ], one of the first Quakers to sit in the House of Commons; and ], the inspiration behind the Methodist Unitarian movement. In the 20th century, another prominent political personality was ], who was posthumously found to have sexually abused children. | |||
name="RochdaleObserver_05Aug2003_MichaelByrne_FarewelltoLoftyDon">{{Cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/rochdaleobserver/p/333428|title=Farewell to screen star ‘Lofty’ Don|date=5 August 2003|publisher=M.E.N. Media|access-date=13 April 2010|last=Byrne|first=Michael|work=Rochdale Observer}}</ref> | |||
Among Rochdale's residents have been several musicians, including singers ], ], ] (born in ]) and ] and bands ] also known as Kaleef, ], and ]. | |||
Broadcasters ] and ] also have links with the town, Peel having lived there for a period of time and the latter three having been born there. Actors ], ] and ] were born in Rochdale. ], who was born and brought up in ], lived for much of his life in Rochdale and was buried there in August 2003.<ref name="RochdaleObserver_05Aug2003_MichaelByrne_FarewelltoLoftyDon">{{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/rochdaleobserver/p/333428|title=Farewell to screen star 'Lofty' Don|date=5 August 2003|publisher=M.E.N. Media|access-date=13 April 2010|last=Byrne|first=Michael|work=Rochdale Observer}}</ref> | |||
], the former ] was born in Rochdale to ] parents. | ], the former ] was born in Rochdale to ] parents. | ||
Other notable residents include businessman and philanthropist ], novelist ], ], a prostitute caught up in the ] scandal, and the banker ]. | |||
Dr Fayyaz Afzal OBE. Lived in Rochdale, attended Heybrook Primary School, Wardle High School and then Hopwood Hall College. To go onto university and then follow his legal career as Barrister and now as a District Judge. | |||
Dr Afzal is blind and became the first Asian practicing Barrister and now District Judge. | |||
For voluntary services to the disabled in the legal profession he was awarded an OBE in 2007 and an Honorary Doctorate from Staffordshire University. | |||
Novelist ] was born in Rochdale. World Series of poker winner ] grew up in Rochdale. | |||
Other notable residents include businessman and philanthropist ], Businessman and writer Benjamin Brian Howarth, novelist ], ], a prostitute caught up in the ] scandal, and the banker ]. Poet ] was brought up in Rochdale and has referred to the town in several poems. Novelist ] was born in Rochdale. World Series of poker winner ] grew up in Rochdale. The footballer ] was born there in April 1967 to ]n immigrant parents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/displayhero_club.asp?HeroID=38214 |title=Earl Barrett – Everton FC – Football-Heroes.net |publisher=Sporting-heroes.net |access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> Great Britain Olympian ], represented hometown club ] and ] at ]. | |||
The footballer ] was born there in April 1967 to ]n immigrant parents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/displayhero_club.asp?HeroID=38214 |title=Earl Barrett – Everton FC – Football-Heroes.net |publisher=Sporting-heroes.net |access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> Great Britain Olympian ], represented hometown club ] and ] at ]. England women’s national team player and GB olympian ] who previously has played for ], ] and current team ]. A mural depicting Walsh playing for the ] was completed in June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=Lioness Keira Walsh honoured with Rochdale mural |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c6pp4lr1nv6o |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
{{portal|Greater Manchester}} | {{portal|Greater Manchester}} | ||
*] | * ] | ||
*] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} | ||
===Bibliography=== | ===Bibliography=== | ||
* {{cite book |last1=Hartwell |first1=Clare |last2=Hyde |first2=Matthew |last3=Pevsner |first3=Nikolaus |date=2004 |title=Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East |series=The Buildings of England |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0-300-10583-5}} | |||
* Higgins et al (2020). ''British Cotton Textiles: Maturity and Decline: Maturity and Decline''. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780367595159 | |||
* {{Cite book|first=Robert |last=Nicholls |title=Curiosities of Greater Manchester |publisher=Sutton Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=0-7509-3661-4}} | * {{Cite book|first=Robert |last=Nicholls |title=Curiosities of Greater Manchester |publisher=Sutton Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=0-7509-3661-4}} | ||
*Roethe, Johanna and Williams, Mike (2019), ''Central Rochdale, Greater Manchester: Historic area assessment'' (Historic England Research Report Series no. |
* Roethe, Johanna and Williams, Mike (2019), ''Central Rochdale, Greater Manchester: Historic area assessment'' (Historic England Research Report Series no. 56–2019, ) | ||
The first automatic tills in britain were tested in castleton before being installed nationally across Asda stores in the country | |||
<ref>https://www.visitrochdale.com/inspire-me/things-to-know</ref> | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Rochdale}} | {{Commons category|Rochdale}} | ||
{{ |
{{Wikivoyage|Rochdale}} | ||
* Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council |
* | ||
* Development Arm of Rochdale Development Agency (RDA) Uniting Private & Public Sector to support the Regeneration of Rochdale Borough | |||
* Stats and Maps is the Rochdale Borough statistics and maps website. It is a shared evidence based that provides quick and easy on-line access to data, information, and intelligence about the borough of Rochdale, and aims to meet the needs of the local community, LSP partners, and the general public | |||
{{Greater Manchester}} | {{Greater Manchester}} | ||
{{Portal bar |United Kingdom |Lancashire |Greater Manchester}} | {{Portal bar |United Kingdom |Lancashire |Greater Manchester}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 14:56, 11 December 2024
Town in Greater Manchester, England Not to be confused with Rochedale. For other uses, see Rochdale (disambiguation).Town in England
Rochdale | |
---|---|
Town | |
Rochdale Town Hall, St Chad's Church, Number One Riverside, Milkstone Mosque and Rochdale Town Centre skyline | |
RochdaleLocation within Greater Manchester | |
Area | 22 sq mi (57 km) |
Population | 111,261 |
• Density | 5,057/sq mi (1,953/km) |
OS grid reference | SD893130 |
• London | 222 mi (357 km) SSE |
Metropolitan borough | |
Metropolitan county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | ROCHDALE |
Postcode district | OL11, OL12, OL16 |
Dialling code | 01706 |
Police | Greater Manchester |
Fire | Greater Manchester |
Ambulance | North West |
UK Parliament | |
|
Rochdale (/ˈrɒtʃdeɪl/ ROTCH-dayl) is a town in Greater Manchester, England, and the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale. In the 2021 census the town had a population of 111,261, compared to 223,773 for the wider borough. Rochdale is in the foothills of the South Pennines and lies in the dale (valley) of the River Roch, 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Oldham, and 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Manchester.
Rochdale's recorded history begins with an entry in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Recedham Manor" but can be traced back to the 9th century. The ancient parish of Rochdale was a division of the Salford Hundred and one of the larger ecclesiastical parishes in England, comprising several townships. By 1251, the town had become of such importance that it was granted a royal charter.
The town became a centre of northern England's woollen trade, and by the early 18th century was described as being "remarkable for its many wealthy merchants". In the 19th century it became a mill town and centre for textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The town is historically within Lancashire, and was a county borough within it before 1974.
History
Toponymy
The town is recorded as Recedham in the Domesday Book and Rachetham in 1193. Variations of Rechedham continue into the thirteenth century when the first element's termination is dropped as Rachedam became Racheham. This change was soon followed with the suffix -ham (homestead) changing to -dale (wide valley).
Rachdale is recorded as a name for the town in 1242, but may have been used earlier as a name for the valley, Hundred and Parish. The Domesday Book's rendering of the name led Eilert Ekwall to suggest a derivation from reced, an obscure Old English element meaning "hall".
Although the name of the river is still pronounced /roʊtʃ/ (with a long vowel sound), Rochdale is pronounced /ˈrɒtʃdeɪl/ (with a shorter o sound).
Early history
A Roman road, leading from Mamucium (Manchester) to Eboracum (York), crossed the moors at Blackstone Edge.
Rochdale was subjected to incursions by the Danes; the castle that Castleton is named after, and of which no trace remains, was one of twelve Saxon forts possibly destroyed in frequent conflicts that occurred between the Saxons and Danes during the 10th and 11th centuries. At the time of the Norman Conquest the manor was held by a Saxon thegn, Gamel. Rochdale appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Recedham and was described as lying within the hundred of Salford and the county of Cheshire. At that time, Rochdale was under the lordship of Roger the Poitevin. Before 1212, Henry II granted the manor to Roger de Lacy whose family retained it as part of the Honour of Clitheroe until it passed to the Dukes of Lancaster by marriage and then by 1399 to the Crown. In medieval times, weekly markets were held from 1250 when Edmund de Lacy obtained a grant for a market and an annual fair. The market was held outside the parish church where there was an "Orator's Corner".
John Byron bought the manor in 1638 and it was sold by the poet, Lord Byron, in 1823, to the Deardens, who hold the title. Rochdale had no manor house but the "Orchard" built in 1702 and acquired in 1745 by Simon Dearden was the home of the lords of the manor after 1823. It was described as "a red-brick building of no architectural distinction, on the north side of the river opposite the town hall" and sometimes referred to as the Manor House. It was demolished in 1922.
Industrial Revolution
Rochdale is a product of the Industrial Revolution, though the manufacture of woollen cloth, particularly baize, kerseys and flannels, was locally important as far back as the 1500s. At that time the textile industry was rooted in the domestic system, but towards the end of the 18th century mills powered by water started to appear.
Water power was replaced by steam power in the 19th century and local coal became important. The Deardens who were lords of the manor were among the local coal mine owners. By the mid-1800s, the woollen trade was declining and the cotton trade was rapidly growing in importance. Cotton manufacturing took advantage of new technological developments in spinning and weaving. In 1804, the Rochdale Canal opened, providing the first link over the Pennines between Lancashire and Yorkshire.
During the 19th century, Rochdale became one of the world's most prominent cotton processing towns rising to prominence and becoming a major centre for textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first ever industrialised towns. By the end of the 19th century Rochdale had woollen mills, silk manufacturers, bleachers and dyers, though cotton spinning and weaving were the dominant industries in the community.
The socioeconomic change brought by the success of Rochdale's textile industry in the 19th century led to its rise to borough status and it became an important regional town based upon this economic success.
The Rochdale Pioneers opened the first Cooperative shop in Toad Lane in 1844. The reformer and Member of Parliament, John Bright (1811–1889), was born in Rochdale and gained a reputation as a leader of political dissent and supporter of the Anti-Corn Law League.
Decline of textile manufacturing
By the middle of the 20th century, Rochdale's economy was in decline, reflecting the broader economic situation in other textile manufacturing towns in the North West England. This decline was largely driven by the global availability of cheaper textile product offerings from abroad.
During the 1950s and 1960s Rochdale's lack of a diverse economic base became very apparent, with the closure of numerous textile manufacturing facilities. Textile manufacturing did remain a major contributor to the local economy, even into the 1970s. Regionally, numerous companies still have some connection to the textile industry.
Governance
Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, Rochdale was recorded in 1066 as held by Gamel, one of the twenty-one thegns of the Hundred of Salfordshire.
The ancient ecclesiastical parish of Rochdale was divided into four townships: Butterworth, Castleton, Hundersfield and Spotland. Hundersfield was later divided into four townships: Blatchinworth, Calderbrook, Wardleworth and Wuerdle and Wardle.
Excluding the large chapelry of Saddleworth, which lay entirely in Yorkshire, the parish of Rochdale had an area of 65.4 square miles (169.4 km).
In 1825, commissioners for the social and economic improvement of the town were established. The town became part of a parliamentary borough in 1832. As there were no existing township boundaries, the commissioners and later the parliamentary constituency were deemed to cover a circular area extending three-quarters of a mile from the old market-place.
Under the terms of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, Rochdale became the head of Rochdale Poor Law Union which was established on 15 February 1837, despite considerable local opposition. In 1856 Rochdale was incorporated as a municipal borough, giving it borough status in the United Kingdom and after 1858 it obtained the powers of the improvement commissioners.
In 1872, the remaining area of Wardleworth township and parts of Castleton, Wuerdle and Wardle, Spotland and Butterworth townships were added to the borough.
When the administrative county of Lancashire was created by the Local Government Act 1888, Rochdale was elevated to become the County Borough of Rochdale and was, in modern terms, a unitary authority area exempt from the administration of Lancashire County Council. In 1900, most of Castleton Urban District was added to the borough; this urban district included parts of Castleton, Hopwood and Thornham townships. In 1933, parts of Norden Urban District and Birtle with Bamford civil parish were added to the borough.
Under the Local Government Act 1972, the town's autonomous county borough status was abolished. The municipal boroughs of Middleton and Heywood and Littleborough, Milnrow and Wardle urban districts are now part of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, one of the ten metropolitan boroughs in Greater Manchester.
Since 1953, Rochdale has been twinned with Bielefeld in Germany and since 1956 with Tourcoing in France, as well as Sahiwal in Pakistan since 1988 and Lviv in Ukraine since 1992. Sahiwal council has received many gifts like fire brigade trucks, ambulances and grants for hospitals from the people of Rochdale.
Parliamentary representation
The Rochdale constituency was created by the Reform Act of 1832. The constituency was held for two decades during the 20th century by Cyril Smith, first of the Liberal Party and then of the Liberal Democrats.
Following the 2010 general election, the town was represented by Simon Danczuk, who was elected as a Labour MP but was subsequently suspended and under investigation by the Labour Party.
Tony Lloyd (Labour) was elected as MP for Rochdale constituency in the 2017 general election, and represented the constituency until his death on 17 January 2024. The seat was won by George Galloway, leader and founder of the Workers Party of Britain, in the 2024 Rochdale by-election on 29 February 2024, in a campaign that was dominated by opposition to British involvement in the Israel-Hamas war. Six months later Galloway was defeated in the 2024 election by Labour MP Paul Waugh.
Geography
Further information: Geography of Greater ManchesterRochdale is approximately 450 feet (137 m) above sea level, 10 miles (16 km) north-northeast of Manchester city centre, in the valley of the River Roch. Blackstone Edge, Saddleworth Moor and the South Pennines are close to the east, whilst on all other sides, Rochdale is bound by other towns, including Whitworth, Littleborough, Milnrow, Royton, Heywood and Shaw and Crompton, with little or no green space between them.
Rochdale's built environment consists of a mixture of infrastructure, housing types and commercial buildings from a number of periods. Rochdale's housing stock is mixed, but has a significant amount of stone or red-brick terraced houses from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Rochdale's Town Hall, seven large tower blocks (locally nicknamed 'The Seven Sisters') and a number of former cotton mills mark the town's skyline. The urban structure of Rochdale is regular when compared to most towns in England, its form restricted in places by its hilly upland terrain.
Much of Rochdale's built environment is centred around a central business district in the town centre, which is the local centre of both the town and borough.
Neighbouring towns, villages and places | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
There is a mixture of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Rochdale, but overwhelmingly the land use in the town is urban.
For purposes of the Office for National Statistics, the Borough of Rochdale forms the fifth largest settlement of the Greater Manchester Urban Area, the United Kingdom's third largest conurbation.
Divisions and suburbs
Areas and suburbs of Rochdale | |
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|
- Ashworth
- Balderstone
- Bamford
- Belfield
- Buckley
- Buersil
- Burnedge
- Caldershaw
- Castleton
- Cronkeyshaw
- Cutgate
- Deeplish
- Dernley
- Falinge
- Fieldhouse
- Firgrove
- Foxholes
- Halfacre
- Hamer
- Healey
- Hurstead
- Kingsway
- Kirkholt
- Littleborough
- Lowerfold
- Lowerplace
- Marland
- Meanwood
- Newbold
- Nook Farm
- Norden
- Oakenrod
- Oulder Hill
- Passmonds
- Prickshaw
- Rooley Moor
- Shawclough
- Smallbridge
- Smithy Bridge
- Sparth Bottom
- Spotland
- Sudden
- Syke
- Thornham
- Turf Hill
- Wardleworth
Climate
Like much of the British Isles, Rochdale experiences a temperate maritime climate, with relatively cool summers and mild winters.
Climate data for Rochdale (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
9.6 (49.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
13.4 (56.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
7.2 (45.0) |
13.1 (55.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
1.4 (34.5) |
2.5 (36.5) |
4.5 (40.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
10.1 (50.2) |
11.9 (53.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
6.8 (44.2) |
3.9 (39.0) |
1.5 (34.7) |
6.1 (43.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 119.2 (4.69) |
97.1 (3.82) |
89.9 (3.54) |
68.4 (2.69) |
65.7 (2.59) |
82.9 (3.26) |
96.9 (3.81) |
100.2 (3.94) |
97.8 (3.85) |
116.8 (4.60) |
123.5 (4.86) |
138.9 (5.47) |
1,197.2 (47.13) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 17.1 | 13.7 | 13.4 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 12.6 | 13.1 | 14.8 | 13.2 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 17.6 | 170.8 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 32.2 | 49.8 | 98.9 | 152.7 | 175.4 | 152.8 | 170.8 | 153.5 | 116.3 | 78.7 | 41.6 | 42.7 | 1,265.5 |
Source: Met Office |
Demography
Further information: Demographics of Greater Manchester2001
At the 2001 UK census, Rochdale had a population of 95,796. The 2001 population density was 11,186 inhabitants per square mile (4,319/km), with a 100 to 94.4 female-to-male ratio. Of those over 16 years old, 28.2% were single (never married), 44.0% married, and 8.8% divorced. Rochdale's 37,730 households included 30.4% one-person, 36.6% married couples living together, 8.4% were co-habiting couples, and 11.1% single parents with their children. Of those aged 16–74, 37.1% had no academic qualifications, similar to the figure for all of Rochdale, but higher than that of 28.9% in all of England. Rochdale has the highest number of Jobseeker's Allowance claimants in Greater Manchester, with 6.1 per cent of its adult population claiming the benefit in early 2010.
2001 UK census | Rochdale | Rochdale Borough | England |
Total population | 95,796 | 205,357 | 49,138,831 |
Ethnicity | |||
---|---|---|---|
White | 78.7% | 88.6% | 91% |
Asian | 19.9% | 9.8% | 4.6% |
Black | 0.3% | 0.3% | 2.3% |
Other | 1.1% | 1.3% | 2.1% |
Religion | |||
Christian | 62.7% | 72.1% | 71.7% |
Muslim | 19.1% | 9.4% | 3.1% |
Other religion | 7.8% | 7.7% | 10.6% |
No religion | 10.4% | 10.8% | 14.6% |
2011
In 2011, Rochdale had a population of 107,926 which makes it about the same size as Salford and Stockport. The population increased from 95,796 in 2001. Rochdale is one of four townships in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale along with Middleton, Heywood and Pennine (a township which includes Littleborough and Wardle). Rochdale is considered an Urban Subdivision by the local borough council.
Rochdale compared 2011 | Rochdale | Rochdale (Borough) |
---|---|---|
White British | 65.2% | 78.6% |
Asian | 27.5% | 14.9% |
Black | 1.5% | 1.3% |
In 2011, 34.8% of Rochdale's population were non white British, compared with 21.4% for the surrounding borough. Rochdale town also has almost double the percentage of Asians compared with the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, which had a population of 211,699 in 2011. This means the town takes up almost 55% of the borough's population.
2021
As of 2021, the town of Rochdale's population was enumerated at 111,261, and its ethnic makeup was 57.2% White, 34.3% Asian, 2.6% Mixed, 3.4% Black, 2.1% Other and 0.5% Arab. The town's religious makeup was 38% Christian, 36% Muslim, 24.2% No Religion, and has small Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Jewish communities.
More than 40% of children in the Rochdale borough are living in poverty,
Landmarks
See also: List of Scheduled Monuments in Greater Manchester, Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester, Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester, and List of public art in Greater ManchesterThere are four grade I listed buildings in the town: the Town Hall, the Cenotaph, the Church of St Mary in the Baum, and St Edmund's Church.
Rochdale Town Hall is a Victorian era town hall "widely recognized as being one of the finest municipal buildings in the country". It is the ceremonial headquarters of Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council and houses local government departments, including the borough's civil registration office.
Built in the Gothic Revival style it was inaugurated on 27 September 1871. The architect, William Henry Crossland, won a competition held in 1864. The town hall had a 240-foot (73 m) clock tower topped by a wooden spire with a gilded statue of Saint George and the Dragon which were destroyed by fire on 10 April 1883. A new 191-foot (58 m) stone clock tower and spire in the style of Manchester Town Hall was designed by Alfred Waterhouse, and erected in 1888. Art critic Nikolaus Pevsner described the building as possessing a "rare picturesque beauty". Its stained glass windows, some designed by William Morris, are credited as "the finest modern examples of their kind". It has been described as one of the United Kingdom's finest examples of Victorian Gothic revival architecture.
The building came to the attention of Adolf Hitler who was said to have admired it so much that he wished to ship the building, brick-by-brick, to Nazi Germany had the United Kingdom been defeated in the Second World War.
The Rochdale Cenotaph, a war memorial bearing four sculpted and painted flags, is located opposite the town hall. It commemorates those who died in conflicts since the First World War. The monument and surrounding gardens were designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. Rochdale’s cenotaph is one of eight designed by Lutyens in England. The earliest to be erected was at Southampton in 1920; the last at Norwich, in 1927. The monument is made from Cornish granite and sits on the site of a building known as Manor House, which was used as a recruiting station during World War I. The cenotaph was built by Hobson Ltd of Nottingham at a cost of £12,611. It was unveiled by the Earl of Derby on 26 November 1922 and dedicated by the Archdeacon of Rochdale. It is about 10m tall and the top section is a catafalque, which includes a carving of a horizontal figure.
Adjacent to the town hall is a statue of the late singer, comedian and actress Dame Gracie Fields. The statue was unveiled by Roy Hudd on Sunday 18 September 2016. It was created by sculptor Sean Hedges-Quinn, who based the statue on Fields's look during the 1940s. The statue was the first of a woman to be unveiled in Greater Manchester in more than 100 years and was part of the council's wider regeneration of the town centre.
In Broadfield Park in the town centre there is a statue of John Bright MP, a British Radical and Liberal statesman, who is regarded as one of the greatest orators of his generation and a promoter of free trade policies. Bright was born in Rochdale and became famous for his crusade to repeal Britain's corn laws and his promotion of religious freedom and electoral reform.
Worthy of note is a large industrial park, named the Kingsway Business Park for which planning permission for its construction began in 2009. The complex covers an area of 420 acres (0.66 sq mi; 1.7 km).
Transport
Public transport in Rochdale is coordinated by Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM), who owns the bus station and coordinates transport services in the area.
Road
The earliest routes around Rochdale were tracks and packhorse routes and a paved track over Blackstone Edge into Yorkshire that had Roman origins. As trade increased the Blackstone Edge turnpike road was built in 1735.
The M62 motorway to the south of the town is accessed via the A627(M), which starts at Sandbrook Park in Rochdale and runs to Elk Mill in Chadderton. The A627(M) provides access to the M62 and to Oldham.
Rochdale Canal
The idea for the Rochdale Canal emerged in 1776, when James Brindley was commissioned to survey possible routes between Sowerby Bridge and Manchester.
However it was not until 4 April 1794 that an Act of Parliament was obtained. The broad canal which linked the Bridgewater Canal in Manchester with the Aire and Calder Navigation at Sowerby Bridge became a major artery of commerce between Lancashire and Yorkshire for cotton, wool, coal, limestone, timber, and salt. The Rochdale Canal has the highest concentration of canal locks in the regional northern canal system; it houses 91 locks over 32 miles (51 km).
Hollingworth Lake is part of the canal system, the lake was originally designed to regulate water levels and was part of the original engineering initiative. By the 1950s, the canal had fallen into general disuse and was abandoned in the 1960s along with many other industrial areas that had supported traditional industries. The lower section from the Bridgewater Canal to the junction with the Ashton Canal was restored as part of the Cheshire Ring in 1974. The rest of the canal was restored and re-opened in 2003. Local activist groups have worked to improve the canal further.
Rail and Metrolink
Demand from the cross-Pennine trade to support local cotton, wool and silk industries led to the building of the Manchester and Leeds Railway which opened in 1839 from Manchester to Littleborough, and from Normanton to Hebden Bridge in 1840.
The linking section opened on completion of the Summit Tunnel in 1841. Rochdale railway station is about a mile south of the town centre. Trains run to Manchester Victoria, Halifax, Dewsbury, Bradford and Leeds. A new service to Burnley and Accrington commenced in 2015.
The service to Manchester Victoria on the Oldham Loop line ended in October 2009, in preparation for conversion of the line to an extension of the Metrolink light rail system, renamed as the Oldham and Rochdale Line.
It was deferred in 2004 on grounds of cost but in July 2006 plans were approved for the extension from Manchester Victoria as far as Rochdale railway station, and opened on 28 February 2013.
The extension to Rochdale town centre, via Drake Street and terminating opposite Rochdale Interchange opened on 31 March 2014.
Bus
Until 1969, the borough's bus service was provided by the municipal operator Rochdale Corporation Transport which was merged into the SELNEC Passenger Transport Executive. Rochdale's old bus station closed in November 2013 and was demolished in April 2014 along with the multi-storey car park and municipal offices (known locally as 'The Black Box'), to make way for the new Rochdale Riverside retail and leisure development.
The replacement Rochdale Interchange is located next to the council office and main library building Number One Riverside and is linked with Rochdale Town Centre tram stop.
There are frequent bus services from Rochdale, operated by First Greater Manchester, to Middleton, Royton, Chadderton, Oldham, Ashton-under-Lyne, Bury and Bolton. Frequent services to Manchester city centre are provided by First Greater Manchester's route 17 overground service.
There are cross-county services into Lancashire, West Yorkshire and Littleborough provided by Rosso, who operates to Rawtenstall and Accrington, First West Yorkshire, which operates to Burnley and Halifax, both via Todmorden, while the service to Halifax via Ripponden is operated by Team Pennine.
Education
Main article: List of schools in RochdaleHopwood Hall College is a further education college with a campus in Rochdale. It offers vocational courses for school leavers, and courses for adult learners and some higher education.
Rochdale Sixth Form College opened in September 2010, and is the primary provider of A-Level courses in Rochdale and the wider metropolitan borough. Most secondary schools in the area no longer offer sixth form courses.
Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North West and ITV Granada. Television signals are received from the Winter Hill TV transmitter.
Local radio stations are BBC Radio Manchester, Heart North West, Smooth North West, Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West, XS Manchester, Capital Manchester and Lancashire and Rochdale Valley, a community based radio station.
Rochdale is served by the local newspaper the Rochdale Observer, and by regional newspaper, the Manchester Evening News.
Religion
See also: List of churches in Greater ManchesterSt Chad's Church is a grade II* listed building. It was the mother church of ancient parish of Rochdale and was founded before 1170, possibly on an Anglo-Saxon site. Much of the current building is the result of late Victorian restoration. Other Anglican churches include the grade I listed Church of St Mary in the Baum.
St John the Baptist Catholic Church was built in 1927 in Byzantine Revival style and is a grade II* listed building.
Marland Grange was a Cistercian grange of Stanlow, Cheshire, then of Whalley. The grange was founded before 1212.
Rochdale is home to 21 mosques of various denominations. Rochdale Central Masjid is the largest of Rochdale's mosques.
Public services
Home Office policing in Rochdale is provided by Greater Manchester Police and the Rochdale Division has headquarters at Town Meadow adjacent to the magistrates' court.
Statutory emergency fire and rescue services are provided by the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, which has fire stations in Rochdale, Littleborough and Heywood.
Emergency healthcare is provided by Northern Care Alliance. The Trust operates four hospitals in the North Manchester area, including the Rochdale Infirmary for the NHS. Patient transport is provided by the North West Ambulance Service.
Rochdale Infirmary is the main hospital serving the town since the closure of Birch Hill Hospital which occupied the former Rochdale Union Workhouse at Dearnley in 2007. New facilities were established in Rochdale Infirmary as part of a restructuring of the town's healthcare services.
Mental Health services are found to the back of the former Birch Hill Hospital and provide care for children and adults on both an inpatient and out-patient basis.
Primary care services in Rochdale are provided by the Heywood, Middleton and Rochdale NHS Primary Care Trust. In 2006 it was announced that Accident & Emergency facilities at Rochdale Infirmary would be closed by 2011, leaving Oldham and Bury as the closest departments serving Rochdale. Confirmation that the unit would close was met with protest locally, including a march through the town centre.
Waste management was coordinated by the local authority from 1986 via the Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority, and since April 1, 2018 via its representation on the Greater Manchester Combined Authority.
Rochdale's distribution network operator for electricity was United Utilities until 2010, when its electricity subsidiary was sold to Electricity North West. There are no power stations in the town following the closure of Rochdale power station in 1958, but Scout Moor Wind Farm which has 26 turbines was built on the high moors between Rawtenstall and Rochdale.
The wind farm generates 65MW of electricity. United Utilities manage Rochdale's drinking and waste water. Water supplies are sourced from several reservoirs, including Watergrove, Blackstone Edge, Greenbooth and Piethorne in Rochdale's outlying moorland.
Sports
Rochdale has two professional sports teams: Rochdale A.F.C. (football) and Rochdale Hornets (rugby league); both play home games at the Spotland Stadium. Rochdale AFC were founded in 1907 and joined the Football League in 1921, when the new Football League Third Division (North) was created.
The club has never played above the third tier of the English league divisional structure and, before its promotion at the end of the 2009/10 season (their first promotion since 1969), had played continuously in the Football League's lowest division since 1974. However, the club reached the Football League Cup Final in 1962 and lost to Norwich City. Rochdale Hornets is one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making it one of the world's first rugby league teams.
The town was previously home to defunct non-league football club, Rochdale Town, but still hosts National Conference League amateur rugby league club Rochdale Mayfield. Rochdale R.U.F.C. who play in Bamford. There are two adult amateur football leagues: the Rochdale Online Alliance League and the Rochdale and District Sunday Football League.
Golf courses around the town include Rochdale Golf Club and Marland Golf Course, at Springfield Park. The town also has a number of cricket clubs, most of which play in the Pennine Cricket League (PCL). Rochdale Sub-Aqua Club was formed in 1959 and remains active.
Speedway racing was staged at the Athletic Grounds in 1928–30 and returned at the start of the 1970s when it provided a home for the British League Division Two Belle Vue Aces juniors and Rochdale Hornets. Peter Collins, who won the 1976 World Championship was a Hornets rider. Stuart Smith and Doug Cronshaw competed in BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars between 1965 and 1984.
Twin towns – sister cities
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- Barisal, Barisal Division, Bangladesh
- Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Lviv, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine
- Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan
- Tourcoing, Nord, Hauts-de-France, France
Notable people
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Lancashire dialect poet Edwin Waugh (1817–1890) was born and brought up in the town.
The aristocrat and poet George Gordon Byron was Lord Byron of Rochdale. Rochdale has a proud liberal political heritage, as shown by such people as John Bright, one of the first Quakers to sit in the House of Commons; and Rev. Joseph Cooke, the inspiration behind the Methodist Unitarian movement. In the 20th century, another prominent political personality was Cyril Smith, who was posthumously found to have sexually abused children.
Among Rochdale's residents have been several musicians, including singers piri, Gracie Fields, Lisa Stansfield (born in Heywood) and Barb Jungr and bands Kaliphz also known as Kaleef, Autechre, and Tractor.
Broadcasters John Peel and Mark Chapman also have links with the town, Peel having lived there for a period of time and the latter three having been born there. Actors Anna Friel, Bill Oddie and Christine Bottomley were born in Rochdale. Don Estelle, who was born and brought up in Crumpsall, lived for much of his life in Rochdale and was buried there in August 2003.
Sajid Javid, the former Chancellor of the Exchequer was born in Rochdale to British Pakistani parents.
Other notable residents include businessman and philanthropist Sir Peter Ogden, novelist Nicholas Blincoe, Monica Coghlan, a prostitute caught up in the Jeffrey Archer scandal, and the banker Rev. Paul Flowers.
Novelist Anna Jacobs was born in Rochdale. World Series of poker winner Jake Cody grew up in Rochdale.
The footballer Earl Barrett was born there in April 1967 to Jamaican immigrant parents. Great Britain Olympian Craig Dawson, represented hometown club Rochdale and Bolton Wanderers at football. England women’s national team player and GB olympian Keira Walsh who previously has played for Blackburn Rovers, Manchester City and current team Barcelona. A mural depicting Walsh playing for the Lionesses was completed in June 2024.
See also
References
Notes
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The first automatic tills in britain were tested in castleton before being installed nationally across Asda stores in the country