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{{short description|Misplaced Pages list article}} {{Short description|None}}
A '''multimedia franchise''' (or a '''transmedia franchise''') is a ] for which installments exist in multiple forms of ], such as ]s, ]s, ], ], ] and ]s. Multimedia franchises usually develop due to the popularization of an original creative work, and then its expansion to other media through ]s, with respect to ] in the franchise's characters and settings,<ref>See, e.g., Barry Langford, ''Post-classical Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology Since 1945'', p. 207, {{ISBN|074863858X}}: "For the studios, a home-run is a film from which a multimedia 'franchise' can be generated; the colossally expensive creation of cross-media conglomerates predicated on synergistic rewards provides an obvious imperative to develop such products".</ref> although the trend later developed wherein franchises would be launched in multiple forms of media simultaneously.<ref name="Brown">Harry J. Brown, ''Videogames and Education'' (2008), p. 41, {{ISBN|0765629496}}:
{{Multiple issues|
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A '''multimedia franchise''' (or a '''transmedia franchise''') is a ] for which installments exist in multiple forms of ], such as ]s, ]s, ], ], and ]s. Multimedia franchises usually develop due to the popularization of an original creative work, and then its expansion to other media through ]s, with respect to ] in the franchise's characters and settings,<ref>See, e.g., Barry Langford, ''Post-classical Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology Since 1945'', p. 207, {{ISBN|074863858X}}: "For the studios, a home-run is a film from which a multimedia 'franchise' can be generated; the colossally expensive creation of cross-media conglomerates predicated on synergistic rewards provides an obvious imperative to develop such products".</ref> although the trend later developed wherein franchises would be launched in multiple forms of media simultaneously.<ref name="Brown">Harry J. Brown, ''Videogames and Education'' (2008), p. 41, {{ISBN|0765629496}}:


{{quote|In one of the most celebrated ventures in media convergence, Larry and Andy Wachowski, creators of ''The Matrix'' trilogy, produced the game ''Enter the Matrix'' (2003) simultaneously with the last two films of the trilogy, shooting scenes for the game on the movie's sets with the movie s actors, and releasing the game on the same day as ''The Matrix: Reloaded''. Likewise, on September 21, 2004, Lucasfilm jointly released a new DVD box set of the original ''Star Wars'' trilogy with ''Star Wars: Battlefront'', a combat game in which players can reenact battles from all six ''Star Wars'' films. In 2005, Peter Jackson likewise produced his blockbuster film ''King Kong'' (2005) in tandem with a successful ''King Kong'' game designed by Michael Ancel and published by Ubisoft. In the last several years, numerous licensed videogame adaptations of major summer and holiday blockbusters were released a few days before or a few days after their respective films, including: all three ''Star Wars'' films (1999–2005); all five ''Harry Potter'' films (2001–2008); all three ''Spider-Man'' films (2002–2007); ''Hulk'' (2002); ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (2002); ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (2003); ''The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe'' (2005); ''Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest'' (2006); ''Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End'' (2007); and ''Transformers'' (2007). These multimedia franchises have made it more difficult to distinguish the production of films and videogames as separate enterprises.}}</ref> {{blockquote|In one of the most celebrated ventures in media convergence, Larry and Andy Wachowski, creators of ''The Matrix'' trilogy, produced the game ''Enter the Matrix'' (2003) simultaneously with the last two films of the trilogy, shooting scenes for the game on the movie's sets with the movie s actors, and releasing the game on the same day as ''The Matrix: Reloaded''. Likewise, on September 21, 2004, Lucasfilm jointly released a new DVD box set of the original ''Star Wars'' trilogy with ''Star Wars: Battlefront'', a combat game in which players can reenact battles from all six ''Star Wars'' films. In 2005, Peter Jackson likewise produced his blockbuster film ''King Kong'' (2005) in tandem with a successful ''King Kong'' game designed by Michael Ancel and published by Ubisoft. In the last several years, numerous licensed videogame adaptations of major summer and holiday blockbusters were released a few days before or a few days after their respective films, including: all three ''Star Wars'' films (1999–2005); all five ''Harry Potter'' films (2001–2008); all three ''Spider-Man'' films (2002–2007); ''Hulk'' (2002); ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (2002); ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (2003); ''The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe'' (2005); ''Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest'' (2006); ''Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End'' (2007); and ''Transformers'' (2007). These multimedia franchises have made it more difficult to distinguish the production of films and videogames as separate enterprises.}}</ref>


In order to qualify for this list, a franchise must have works in at least '''three''' forms of media, and must have two or more separate works in at least '''two''' of those forms of media (a television series or comic book series is considered a single work for purposes of this list; multiple spin-off series or ] of a previously ended series are considered multiple works). For example, a television series that spawned one film and one novelization would not qualify; a television series that had a spin-off series, or was remade as a new series, and which spawned two films and one novelization does qualify. This list does not include ], but which do not involve licensing or other means by which an author or owner controls the franchise. A franchise may be included if it obtained multimedia franchise status prior to works within the collection entering the public domain. In order to qualify for these lists, a franchise must have works in at least '''three''' forms of media, and must have two or more separate works in at least '''two''' of those forms of media (a television series or comic book series is considered a single work for purposes of this list; multiple spin-off series or ] of a previously ended series are considered multiple works). For example, a television series that spawned one film and one novelization would not qualify; a television series that had a spin-off series, or was remade as a new series, and which spawned two films and one novelization does qualify. These lists do not include ] only after the works entered the public domain, which do not involve licensing or other means by which an author or owner controls the franchise. A franchise may be included if it obtained multimedia franchise status prior to works within the collection entering the public domain.


Following are lists of multimedia franchises, divided by media characteristics:
Note: In the following table, the initial media through which the franchise characters or settings became known is shown in boldface. Only works of fiction are only considered part of the series; a book or a documentary film ''about'' the franchise is not itself an installment in the franchise.


==Franchises originating in literary works== ==Multimedia franchises originating in print==
{{main|List of multimedia franchises originating in print}}
These franchises began as novels, short stories, and other forms of purely literary works.
;Franchises originating in literary works
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>
*]
! style="width:20%;"| '''Literature'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Comics'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated films'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action films'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated TV series'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action TV series'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Video games'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Other media'''
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1996)<br>several sequels || ] || no || no || no || '']'' (2011-2019) || ], beginning in 2007 || board games, role-playing games
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1991)<br>''Budapesti skizo'' (1997) ||no || no || ] (2000) <br>'']'' (2002) || no || no || no || ]
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1931)<br>various || no || '']'' (1986) <br> '']'' (1989) <br> '']'' (1999) || no || '']'' (1989-1991; 2000) <br> '']'' (2010-2014) <br> ] || '']'' (1968) || various || various
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1968)<br>] by another writer || several || no || '']''<br />(1982)<br />'']'' (2017)|| no ||no|| ]<br>] || -
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small> || ''''']''''' (1928)<br>several others || ] || no || '']'' (1979) || ] (1950–1951)<br>'']'' (1979–1981) || no || '']'' (1988)<br>several others ||
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small> || ''''']''''' (1997)<br>several sequels'<br>activity books|| in-universe graphic novel series, including '']'' || '']'' (2017) || no || ] (2018-2020) || no|| no || ? || ||
*]
|-
*]
|]<ref name="Brown"/><br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1950)<br>several sequels || no || '']'' (1979) || ] (2005–present) || no || '']'' (1967)<br>'']'' (1988– 1990) || ] || ]
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''']''' (published from 1932–1936); various later publications|| ] || no || '']'' (1982), and several others || '']'' (1992–1993)<br>'']'' (1994)|| '']'' (1997–1998) || ], beginning with '']'' (1984) || -
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1941); numerous sequels || no || '']'' (2006); various || no || '']'' (2006); various || no || '']'' (2006 ) || -
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| '']'' (1966)<br>''''']''''' (1979) || yes || no || '']'' (1988)<br>'']'' (1992)<br>'']'' (1995)<br>'']'' (2007)<br>'']'' (2013) || no || no || ] ||
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1983); several sequels and spin-offs || ] || no || '']'' (2006)<br>'']'' (2008)<br>'']'' (2010) || '']'' (1997)<br>'']'' (1998) || '']'' (upcoming) || ] || stage and radio plays<br>board games
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1965); numerous prequel and sequel novels || '']'' || no || '']'' (1984) || no || '']'' (2000)<br> '']'' (2003) || '']'' (1992); ] || '']'' board game (1979); other games, soundtracks
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1985)<br>several prequels, sequels, and spinoffs || ] || no || '']'' (2013) || no || no || no || ]
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1957)<br>seven sequels || yes, two issues published in 1966|| '']'' (1972; made for TV) || '']'' (1965)<br>'']'' (1961)<br>'']'' (1963) || no || '']'' (1965)<br>'']'' (1986–1988) || no || Stage productions in 2000 and 2007
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1969)<br>several sequels || no || no || '']'' (1972)<br>'']'' (1974)<br>'']'' (1990) || no || ] (1977) || '']'' (1991)<br>'']'' (2006) <br>'']'' (2010) || -
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1981)<br>several sequels || no || no || '']'' (1986)<br>'']'' (1991)<br>'']'' (2001)<br>'']'' (2002)<br>'']'' (2007) || no || '']'' (2013-2015)<br>'']'' (2021-) || no || -
*]
|-
*]
|]<ref name="Brown"/><ref>Nick Hunter, ''Popular Culture: 2000 and Beyond'' (2012), page 11, {{ISBN|1410946266}}: "The Harry Potter series was another huge multimedia franchise that triumphed at the box office".</ref><br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1997)<br>several sequels || no || no || ] (eight films released between 2001 and 2011) || no || no || ] || ] theme parks<br>]
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1920)<br>] || '']'' (2004–2005)<br>graphic novel adaptations || no || ] || '']'' (2004–2005) || '']'' (1989–2013) || '']'' (2006)<br>3 sequels || stage and radio plays
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>
*]
|'''''Hotel Transylvania''''' (2001)
*]
|no
*]
|'']'' (2012)<br>'']'' (2015)<br>'']'' (2018)
*]
|no
*]
|'']''
*]
|no
*]
|]
] *]
*]
]
*]
]
*]
|]
*]
]
*]
]
*]
]
*] media
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (2003)<br>several sequels || no || '']'' (2010)<br>'']'' (2014)<br>'']'' (2019)<br>5 short films || no || '']'' (2012–2018)<br>'']'' (2019-)|| no || ] || live stage show
*]
|-
*]
|]<ref>John Sutherland, ''Lives of the Novelists: A History of Fiction in 294 Lives'' (2012), p. 195, {{ISBN|0300182430}}: "It was the films, beginning with Dr No in 1962, which made Bond into a multimedia franchise which continues to turn over more money per annum than any other literary creation of the twentieth century, with the possible exception of the Harry Potter films".</ref><br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1953)<br>]<br>over 30 other novels and published stories by other authors || ] || no || ]<br>over 20 films || '']'' (1991–1992) || no || ] || -
{{div col end}}
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1980)<br>several sequels || no || no || '']'' (1988 TV movie), '']'' (2002), and ] || no || no || '']'' (2008) || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1981)<br>'']'' (2002) || no || no || '']'' (1995)<br>'']'' (2005)<br>'']'' (2017)<br>'']'' (2019)<br>|| ] (1996-1999) || no || ] ||
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1990)<br>'']'' (1995) || ] || no || '']'' (1993)<br>'']'' (1997)<br>'']'' (2001)<br>'']'' (2015)<br>'']'' (2018) || '']'' (2020-present) || no || ] || ]
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1995); 15 prequel and sequel novels<br>'']'' series || no || no || '']'' (2000)<br>'']'' (2002)<br>'']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2014)<br>'']'' (2016) || no || no || '']'' || no
|-
|]
<small>(])</small>
|] (1982–1987)
|] (1986–2000)
|spinoffs to OVA series (1988–1993)


;Franchises originating in comics strips, comic books and webcomics, and other printed cartoons
''The Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These Seiran'' trilogy (2019)
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
|no
*]
|''The Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These Kaikō (2018)''
*]
|no
*]
|several
*]
|] (1988–1997)
*]
] (1988–1997)
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]/]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
{{div col end}}


==Multimedia franchises originating in television and web series==
Gaiden OVA spinoffs
{{main|List of multimedia franchises originating in television series}}


;Franchises originating in animated television and web series
stage productions
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
{{div col end}}


;Franchises originating in live action television and web series
board game
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (eight books; 1934-1988) || no || no || '']'' (1964)<br>'']'' (2018) || no || no || no || '']'' (musical)
*]<ref>Not related to the Marvel franchise.</ref>
|-
*]
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| '''''Digital Devil Story''''' (1986)<br>two sequels and video game adaptations || ] || '']'' (2013) || no || ] || no || ] || ]
*]
|-
*]
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1945)<br>]||]<br>comic book|| '']'' (1993)<br>'']'' (2014)<br>two compilation movies || no || ] || ] || several || ] theme park<br>]<br>other merchandise
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1956)<br>'']'' (1967) || - || '']'' (1961)<br>'']'' (2003) || '']'' (1996)<br>'']'' (2000) || '']'' (1997–1998)<br>''101 Dalmatian Street'' (debuting 2019) || no || '']'' (1997) || '']'' (2009)
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1933); 81 other novels || no || no || no || no || '']'' (1957–1966)<br>'']'' (1973–1974)<br>] (1985–1995) || no || ]
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>||''''']''''' (1963)<br>several sequels||]||no||'']'' (1968); numerous sequels, and a reboot series.||'']'' (1975)||'']'' (1974)||]||various
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1959) || ] (1992) || no || ] (1960)<br>Various sequels and remakes || no || '']'' (2013–2017) || ] (1988) || various
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1972)<br>various others || ] || no || '']'' (1982)<br>'']'' (1985)<br>'']'' (1988)<br>'']'' (2008)<br>'']'' (2019) || '']'' (1986) || no || ] ||
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1939)<br>several sequels|| yes || '']'' (1998)<br>'']'' (2001)|| no || various TV specials || no || no || '']'' (song, 1959)
*]
|-
*]
|]<br>(])
*]
|''''']''''' (1990)
*]
|]
*]/]
|'']'' (2001)<br>'']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2007)<br>'']'' (2010)
*]
|no
*]
|various TV specials
*]
|no
*]
|]
*]
|]
*]
]
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>||''''']''''' (1997)<br>'']'' (2010)<br>'']'' (2011) || no || no || '']'' <br> '']'' || no || '']'' <br> '']'' || no || no
{{div col end}}
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>||'''''Starship Troopers''''' (1959) || no || '']'' (2012) || '']'' (1997)<br>2 direct-to-DVD sequels || '']'' (1999–2000) || no || ] || several table-top games<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>||]|| ] || '']'' (2017) || no || '']'' (2012)<br>'']'' (2014)<br>'']'' (2018 - ongoing) || no || yes || Figures
|-
| ]<ref name="Brown"/><br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' (1937)<br>'']'' (1954)<br>'']'' (1954) <br>'']'' (1954) <br>] || ] || '']'' (1977)<br>'']'' (1978)<br>'']'' (1980) || ] (2001−2003)<br>] (2012−2014) || no || no || ] || ]
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']''''' || no || yes || ] || ''''']''''' (1984—2021)<br>''''']''''' (2021—present) || ] || yes || Scale models
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>||''''']'''''<br> '']'' and '']''<br>Featured in two others || no || ] || '']'' (2018)<br>Outside of that film, not primarily. A bit of live-action was used in some of the animated films. || various || yes || various || Consisted of ], specials, songs and theme rides, etc. See also the ].
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''''']'''''<br>'']'' || ] || no || '']'' (2001)|| no || '']'' (2002) <br> '']'' (2019-present) || '']'' (2007)<br>'']'' (2011)<br>'']'' (2014) || ]
|}


==Franchises originating in comics and printed cartoons== ==Multimedia franchises originating in films==
{{main|List of multimedia franchises originating in films}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>
! style="width:10%;"| '''Literature'''
! style="width:20%;"| '''Comics'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Video games'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Other media'''
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>||]||'''cartoons in '']''''' (1938–1988)<br>||'']'' (2019)||'']'' (1991)<br>'']'' (1993)||'']'' (1973–1975)<br>'']'' (1992–1993)||'']'' (1964–1966)<br>'']'' (1998–1999)||]||'']'', a Broadway musical
|-
|]<ref name="avp">Note: Alien vs. Predator is a crossover franchise established from the existing Alien and Predator franchises</ref><br><small>(]) </small>|| ] || ] (beginning 1989) || no || '']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2007) || no || no || ] || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ''''']''''', various series, beginning in 1941 || The Archies in Jugman (TV Movie)|| '']'' (TV movie) || '']'' (1968–1969) <br>'']'' (1999–2000) and many others|| ] (2017), '']'' (2020)|| no || Radio show
|-
|]
<small>(] and ])</small>
|no
|''''']''' (1968–1973)''
|''] (1980)''
''] (1981)''
|''Ashita no Joe (1970)''
''Ashita no Joe (2011)''
|'']'' (1970–1971)
'']'' (1980–1981)


;Franchises originating in animated films
'']'' (2018)
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
{{div col end}}


;Franchises originating in live-action films
] (2021''–'')
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
|no
*]
|yes
*]
|'']'' (2003)
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ''''']''''' (serialized in '']'' 1959-1960, collected volume published in 1961)<br>37 more volumes|| ] || ] || no || no || ] || ] theme park<br>board games and gamebooks
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ''''']''''' (2009 - ongoing) || yes || ] || '']'' (2013 - ongoing) || no || ] || Theme park<br>Action Figures and Toys
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || '']'' (2006)<br> '']'' (2007)<br>'']'' (2008)<br> '']'' (2010) || '']'' || '']'' (2004–2012)|| no || ] || musicals<br>]
*]
|-
*]
|]<ref>"Media crossovers have us asking, 'who's ripping off who?'", '']'' (July 14, 2000), p. E3: "Marvel Comics is already reaping an "X-cellent" multimedia bounty on the backs of the special effects-laden feature..."</ref><br><small>(])</small><br>(includes ],<ref>Ian Gordon, Mark Jancovich, Matthew P. McAllister, ''Film and Comic Books'' (2007), p. 161, {{ISBN|160473809X}}: "hen considering Superman as a multimedia franchise, and critical interpretations of him, it would seem that development and variety have been central to his longevity".</ref> ], ], and many others) || yes || ''']''' || yes || '']'' (1951) and ] || yes || yes || yes || ]. ('']'', '']'', etc.) Imprint of DC. Has connections to the universe sometimes.
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>||]||''''']''''' (2003-2006)||no||'']'' (2006); several others||]||yes||]|| -
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ''''']''''' || 18 ] || no || ]<br>] || yes || ] || Trade cards
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no|| ] <br>'']''<br>'']'' || ] || no || '']'' (1973)<br>'']'' (1979−2005)<br>'']'' (2005−ongoing) || no || ] || ]
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| '']'' (2007)<br>several sequels<br>spin-off series || '''''Diary of a Wimpy Kid'' webcomic''' (2004-2005)|| yes || '']'' (2010)<br>'']'' (2011)<br>'']'' (2012)<br>'']'' (2017) || no || no || Poptropica tie-ins || Toys<br>Action figures
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ] || ] || '']'' (2009); several others || '']'' (1986−1989)<br>'']'' (1989−1996)<br>'']'' (1996−1997)<br>'']'' (2015−2018)<br>'']'' (2018 - ongoing) || no || ] || Toys<br>Action figures<br>Collectible Card Game
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || '''Serialized in Pilipino Komiks''' (1952–53) || no || ] (1953, 1964, 1973, 1978, 1990, and 1996) || no || '']'' (2008)<br>'']'' (2014) || no ||
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ] || '']'' (2012)<br>'']'' (2017) || ] || '']'' '']'' (2003−2004) || no || yes ||-
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ] (syndicated in 1978) || yes || '']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2006) || '']'' (1988–1994) '']'' (2009–2016) || no || yes || -
*]
|-
*]
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ''''']''''' (1989–1990) || '']'' (1995)<br>'']'' (2004) || '']'' (2017) || '']'' (2002–2003) || no || '']'' (1997)<br>'']'' (2004) || ]
*]
|-
*]
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] (1993−present) || '']'' (2006)<br>'']'' (2007) || '']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2008)<br> ] (2019) || no || no || ] || -
*]
|-
*]
|]
*]
<small>(])</small>
{{div col end}}
|no
|] (1995−2013)
|] (2001)
'']''
|] (2005)
|]
|no
|Several including ]
|toys
model kits


==Multimedia franchises originating in games, toys, and merchandise==
]
{{main|List of multimedia franchises originating in games, toys, and merchandise}}
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] (1977−present) || no || '']'' (1995)<br>'']'' (2012)|| no || no || ] || -
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>||no ||''''']'' comics''' (1946 – ongoing)<br>''Rantanplan'' (1987 - 2011)<br>''Kid Lucky'' (1995 - 1997, 2011 - ongoing) ||'']'' (1971)<br>'']'' (1978)<br>''Les Dalton en cavale'' (1983)<br>'']'' (2017)||'']'' (1991)<br>'']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2009) ||'']'' (1983)<br>''Lucky Luke'' (1991)<br>'']'' (2001 - 2003)<br>''Rintindumb'' (2006)<br>||'']'' (1992)<br>'']'' (2010)||several||
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| No || ] (1977−present) || ], ], ], ], ]: ( ''see'' ]) || '']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2008)<br> ] (2019) || ] || ] || ] || Two stage Musicals, Music Soundtrack. Board game
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>||several ''Bibliothèque Rose'' books ||'''''Marsupilami'' comic albums''' (1987 - ongoing)<br>Comics in '']'' magazine (1993 - 1994) || no ||'']'' (2012) ||'']'' shorts (1992) <br>'']'' (1993) <br>'']'' (2000-)||no ||'']'' (1995) ||
|-
| ]<ref>Gilbert A. Blouchard, "Mining comic books for movie gold is old hat", '']'' (July 14, 2000), p. E3: "Marvel Comics is already reaping an "X-cellent" multimedia bounty on the backs of the special effects-laden feature..."</ref><br><small>(], ], ], et al.)</small><br>(includes ],<ref name="Brown"/> ],<ref name="Brown"/> ], ], and many others) || yes || ''']''' || yes || '']'' (1944); '']'' (2000); '']'' (2002); ]<br> See also ] || '']'' (1966), ] || '']'' (1977–1979); '']'' (1977–1982)<br>] || '']'' (1982) and ] || '']'' (Broadway musical)
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ] || no || ] || '']'' || no || ] || '']''
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ] || '']'' (2018) || no || '']'' (2016 – ongoing) || no || yes || ]<br>Toys<br>Action figures
|-
|]/]<br><small>(], ], Ukyō Kodachi)</small> || ] || ] || ] || no || '']'' (2002–2007)<br>'']'' (2007 – 2017)<br> '']'' (2012–2013) <br> '']'' (2017 – ongoing)|| no || ] || ]<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] (1997 - ongoing) || ] || no || '']'' (1999 - ongoing)|| no || ] || ]<br>]<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>||several||''''']''''' (1950–2000); numerous compilation books; comic books by ] and ]; graphic novels by ]||'']'' (1969)<br>'']'' (1972)<br>'']'' (1977)<br> '']'' (1980)<br>'']'' (2015)||no||several TV spiecials from 1965 to 2011, starting with '']''<br>'']'' (1983–1986)<br>'']'' (1988–1989)<br>'']'' (2014)<br>'']'' (2019–present)<br>'']'' (2021-present)||no||]||'']'' (1965 album) and several other albums<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || '''''Ranma ½''''' (1987–1996) || ] || ] (2011) || ] || no || ] || ]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || '''''Thimble Theatre''''' comic strips;<br>] || ] || '']'' (1980) || numerous || no || yes || -
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ] (1993–1997) || '']'' (1993)<br>'']'' (1994)<br>'']'' (1995) || no || '']'' (1992–1996)<br>'']'' (2014–2016)|| '']'' (2003–2004)|| ] || ]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ]<br>] || ] || no || '']'' (1986−1989)<br>'']'' (2012−2014) || no || ] || ]<br>]<br>]<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || several guide books || ] (1999–present)<br>various tie-ins and spinoffs || '']'' (2006); four other films || no || ]/''Sergeant Keroro'' (2004-2011)<br>''Keroro'' (2014) || no || several || music CDs<br>'']'' magazine<br> '']'' magazine
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ''''']'''''<br>] || '']'' (1965)<br>'']'' (1976) <br>'']'' (2017)|| '']'' (2011)<br>'']'' (2013)|| '']'' (1981–89) || no || yes || yes
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ''''']''''' (1992–present)<br>'']'' (1998–1999) various spin-offs,one-shots,crossovers,mini series,and ongoing series|| no || '']'' (1997) || '']'' (1997–1999) || no || ] || '']'' (1996)
|-
|Spirou/]<br><small>(])</small>||yes||'''Comics in '']'' magazine''' (1938–ongoing)<br>] (1948–ongoing)<br>'']'' (1990–ongoing) (spin-off)||no||''Les aventures de Spirou et Fantasio'' (2018)<br>''Le Petit Spirou'' (2017) (spin-off adaption)||''Spirou'' (1993–1994)<br>'']'' (2006–2009)<br>''Spirou and co'' (series of animated shorts)<br>''Le Petit Spirou'' (2012–ongoing) (spin-off adaption)||no||''Spirou'' (1995)<br>''Spirou: The Robot Invasion'' (2000)||Parc Spirou theme park<br>audio plays
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| no || ''''']''''' (1984–2009)<br>various || yes || yes || yes || '']'' (1997–1998) || yes || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || '''cartoons in '']''''' (1929–1939)<br>'']'' series || ] || '']'' (1961)<br>'']'' (1964) || '']''<br>'']'' || no || ] || ]<br>musical<br>stage play
|-
|]<br><small>(Rex Maxon)</small>|| 4 novels || '''''Turok: Son of Stone''''' (1956–1982; 2010–2011)<br>''Turok: Dinosaur Hunter'' (1993–1996; 2014-)<br>''Turok'' (1998) || yes || no || no || no || ] || -
|-
| ]<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| ] || ''''']''''' (2003 – present) || ] || no || no || ] (2010 – present) || '']'' (2012)<br>'']'' (2013) || -
|-
|]
<small>(])</small>
|no
|''''']''''' (1990 – 2008)
''Wangan Midnight: C1 Runner (2009 – 2012)''


;Franchises originating in video games including film or television works
''Ginkai no Speed Star (2014 – 2015)''
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{{div col end}}


;Franchises originating in video games not including film or television works
''Shutoko SPL - Ginkai no Speedster (2016 – present)''
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
|no
*]
|12 direct-to-video movies (1991 – 2001)
*]
] (2009)
*]
|] (2007 – 2008)
*]
|no
*]
|''Wangan Midnight'' (2001)
*]
''Wangan Midnight R'' (2001)
*]
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{{div col end}}


;Franchises originating in board games, card games, tabletop games and role-playing games
] (2007)
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*]
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{{div col end}}


;Franchises originating in toys, attractions and other media
{{Interlanguage link|Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune|lt=''Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune'' series|ja|湾岸ミッドナイト MAXIMUM TUNEシリーズ|zh|WD=灣岸Mid-Night Maximum Tune系列}} (2004 – present)
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
|toys
*]
model kits
*]
|-
*]
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ''''']''''' (1996–2004)<br>'']'' (2004–2008)<br>] || '']'' (1999)<br>'']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2010)<br>'']'' (2016) || no || '']'' (1998)<br>'']'' (2000–2004)<br>'']'' (2004–2008)<br>] || no || ] || ]
*]
|-
*]
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ] (1990–1994) || '']'' (1993)<br>'']'' (1994) || no || '']'' (1992–1995) || no || ] || ]<br>]<br>]
*]
|}
*]

*]
==Franchises originating in television series==
*]
===Franchises originating in animated television series===
*]
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Literature'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Comics'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated films'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action films'''
*]
! style="width:15%;"| '''Animated TV series'''
*]
! style="width:15%;"| '''Live action TV series'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Video games'''
*]
! style="width:10%;"| '''Other media'''
*]
|-
*]
|'']''
*]
<small>(])</small>
{{div col end}}
|yes
|yes
|]
|no
|''''']''''' (2011-2019)
'']'' (2019)

'']'' (2020-2021)
|no
|yes
|Toys
Music

Theme Park Ride
|-
|'']''<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| ] ||] || no ||'']''|| ''''']'''''<br>'']''|| '']'' (2021-)||] || ]<br>]<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || yes || yes || yes || ''''']''''' (2005–2008)<br>'']'' (2008–2010)<br>'']'' (2010–2012)<br>'']'' (2012–2014)<br>] (2016-2021) || no || yes || Action figures<br>Toys
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || no || various feature-length TV specials|| no || ''''']''''' (1998-2004)<br>'']'' (2005-2008)<br>'']'' (2010–2012)<br>'']'' (2015-2018)|| no || yes || several children's songs including the ]<br>various toys<br>theme park attractions<br>live stage show
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ] || '']'' (1966)<br>'']'' (2015)<br>several TV specials and movies || '']'' (1994)<br>'']'' (2000) || '''''The Flintstones''''' (1960–1966)<br>several other animated series || no || ] || 2 theme parks<br>live stage show
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| numerous || ] || Over 6 depending on criteria || '']'' (2000) || ''''']''''' (1979–1982), and 15 additional series || no || ] || Hundreds of ], traditional merchandise and exotic specials including a car.
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| numerous || various graphic novels || ''The Loud House Movie'' (2021) || no || ''''']''''' (2016-)<br>'']'' (2019-) || no || The Loud House: Outta Control || various toys
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || no || ] (1994–2013) || ]|| no || ''''']''''' (1995–1996)|| no || ] || '']''<br>]<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || no || yes || no || no || ''''']''''' (2013-) || no || various || various stage shows
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ] || '']'' (2020);<br>various others || '']'' (2002), '']'' (2004) || ''''']''''' (1969–1970), 11 others || no || yes || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ] || '']'' (2007) || no ||''']''' from '']'' (1987–1989)<br>'']'' (1989-) || no || yes ||]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || no || '']'' manga (1974–1975)<br>'']'' manga (2000–2001) || '']'' (1977)<br>and various sequels (1978–2002) || '']'' (2010) || ''''']''''' (1974–1980)<br>'']'' (1979–1984)<br>'']'' (2013) || no || '']'' (1999) and sequels || Toys<br>Action figures<br>pre-fabricated kits<br>Music
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || yes || yes || '']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2020) || '']'' (2015) || ''']''' (1997)<br>''''']''''' (1999–)<br>'']'' (2021-)|| several scenes || yes || Toys<br>Action figures<br>Music
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || yes || yes || ] (2019) || no || ''''']''''' (2013-2019)<br> '']'' (2019-2020) || no || yes || Action figures
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || no || ] || '']'' (1986) || no || ''''']''''' (1984–1985)<br>'']'' (1998)<br>'']'' (2010) || no || '']'' (2011)|| ]<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || yes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/|title=Online Bookstore: Books, NOOK ebooks, Music, Movies & Toys|first=Barnes &|last=Noble|website=Barnes & Noble}}</ref>|| yes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comicvine.com/winx-club-magazine/4050-34733/|title=Winx Club Magazine (Volume) - Comic Vine|work=comicvine.com}}</ref>|| '']'' (2007)<br>'']'' (2010)<br>'']'' (2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3885932/|title=Winx Club: The Mystery of the Abyss|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>|| no || ''''']''''' (2004–Present)<br> '']'' (2011)<br>'']'' (2016-2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2014/09/winx-club-wow-spinoff-series-netflix-841008/|title=Netflix Orders 'Winx Club' Spinoff Series|publisher=Deadline|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|date=September 25, 2014}}</ref>|| '']'' (2021–Present) || ] || ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebay.com/bhp/winx-club-dolls-mattel|title=Winx Club Dolls Mattel - eBay|work=eBay}}</ref><br>]s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebay.co.uk/bhp/winx-club-cd |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-03-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321071229/http://www.ebay.co.uk/bhp/winx-club-cd |archivedate=2014-03-21 }}</ref><br>] (2008–2010)
|-
| ]<br><small>(], ], and ])</small> || yes || ] || ] ]|| '']'' (2010) || ''''']''''' and many other series || no || many || Merchandise, ] restaurant chain, Jellystone Park
|}

===Franchises originating in live-action television series===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>
! style="width:10%;"| '''Literature'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Comics'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action films'''
! style="width:15%;"| '''Animated TV series'''
! style="width:15%;"| '''Live action TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Video games'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Other media'''
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || no || no || no || ''''']''''' (102 episodes, 1994–1998)<br>'']'' (1999) and six TV films (1998–2007)|| no || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || no || no || no || ''''']''''' (1978–1979)<br>'']'' (2004–2009) || yes || -
|-
|'']''<br><small>(])</small>|| no || no || no || '']'' (1995)<br>'']'' (1996)<br>'']'' (2002) || '']'' (1972–1974) || ''''']''''' (1969–1974)<br>'']'' (1981)|| no || ]<br>'']''
|-
|'']''<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| no || ] (1979; 2019) || no || '']'' (2000)<br>'']'' (2003)<br>'']'' (2019) || no || ''''']''''' (1976–1981)<br>'']'' (2011)|| ] (2003; 2008; 2019) || '']'' (2003)
|-
|]<ref>Miles Booy, ''Love and Monsters: The Doctor Who Experience, 1979 to the Present'' (2012), p. 155, {{ISBN|184885479X}}: "If treating the programme as a multimedia franchise – and at this point it becomes hard to think of it as anything else – is a good thing, then this was the point where the BBC began to connect the dots".</ref><br><small>(], ], and ])</small>|| ] (1965–2012)<br>] || ] || no || '']'' (1965)<br> '']'' (1966) || '']'' (2007)<br> '']'' (2009) || ''''']''''' (26 seasons from 1963–1989, new series 2005–present); one TV film and ] || ] || ]<br>]<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(Michael Sloan and Richard Lindheim)</small>|| ] || no || no || '']'' (2014)<br>'']'' (2018) || no || ''''']''''' (1985–1989)<br>'']'' (2021–)|| - || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ] || no || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1966–1973, 1988–1990) || yes || -
|-
|] || ] || no || ] || ] || no || ''''']'''''<br>several TV specials || ] || ]
|-
|]<br>(<small>] and ]</small>) || various || no || no || '']''<br>'']'' || '']'' || ''''']''''' (1990-1995)<br>Comic Relief sketches || no || Facebook videos<br>TV commercial appearances
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ]<br>] || no || '']'' (1979), and seven additional films || '']'' (1984–1991)<br>'']'' (2018–ongoing)
|| '']'' (1955-1961)<br>''''']''''' (1976–1981)<br>'']'' (1996–1998)<br>'']'' (2020-present)|| yes || ], live shows
|-
|]/]<br><small>(] and ]/])</small> || no || yes || no || ]<br>'']'' (1995)<br>'']'' (1997) || no || ''''']''''' (1975–1977)<br>]<br>''''']''''' (1993–1996)<br>] || various || ]<br>various stage shows
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| various || ] || no || '']'' (1985)<br>'']'' (1999) || Mecha Builders (upcoming)|| ''''']''''' (1969-)<br>'']'' (2020-)<br>various TV specials || various || -
|-
|]<ref>Mark Clark, ''Star Trek FAQ: Everything Left to Know about the First Voyages of the Starship Enterprise'' (2012), p. 1, {{ISBN|1557839638}}: "Star Trek, which once struggled to survive from one season to the next, has become immortal—and, beyond that, inescapable. The series, and the multimedia franchise that grew from it, is now woven inextricably into the fabric of America and the world".</ref><br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || no || ] (beginning in 1979) || '']'' (1973–74)<br>'']'' (2020-) || ''''']''''' (1966–69)<br>'']'' (1987–1994)<br>'']'' (1993–99)<br>'']'' (1995–2001)<br>'']'' (2001–05)<br>'']'' (2017–)<br>'']'' (2020-) || ] || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || no || ] || no || '']'' (1998)<br>'']'' (2008) || no || ''''']''''' (1993–2002; 2016–2018)<br>'']''(1996–1999)<br>'']'' (2001) || yes ||
|}

==Franchises originating in films==
===Franchises originating in animated films===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>
! style="width:10%;"| '''Literature'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Comics'''
! style="width:15%;"| '''Animated films'''
! style="width:15%;"| '''Live action films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Video games'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Other media'''
|-
|]<br><small>(], ], ])</small> || various || no ||''''']''''' (1986)<br>'']'' (1991)<br>'']'' (1998)<br>'']'' (1999)|| no || '']'' (1992)|| no || various || |] ||
|-
|]<br><small>(] and various)</small> || various || various ||''''']''''' (2006)<br>'']'' (2011)<br>'']'' (2017)<br>'']'' (2013)<br>'']'' (2014)|| no || no || no || various || toy line<br>'']''||
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || children's novels || ''Minions'' ]|| {{unbulleted list|''''']''''' (2010)|'']'' (2013)|'']'' (2015)|'']'' (2017)}}|| no || Minions Holiday Special (2020) || no || {{unbulleted list|'']''|''Minion Mayhem''|''Minion Rush''|''Minion Paradise}} || '']''||
|-
|'']''<br><small>(] and ])</small> || ''Felix the Cat'' comic strip|| various ||'''''Theatrical Shorts series'''''<br><small>(beginning in 1919 to 1930)</small><br>sound and color revival shorts from ] (1936)<br>'']'' (1988)<br>''Felix the Cat Saves Christmas'' (2004)|| no || '']'' (1958-1960)<br>'']'' (1995-1997)<br>'']'' (2000-2001) || no || ] || various merchandise ||
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || yes || yes || ''']''' (2003)<br>'']'' (2016) || no || no || no || yes || Finding Nemo the Musical<br>]||
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small> || numerous|| Yes || ''''']''''' (2013)<br>'']'' (2019)||| no || LEGO Frozen Northern (2016) || Once upon a time (season 4) (2014) ||numerous||], ] and more
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || no || ''''']''''' (2002), '']'' (2006), '']'' (2009), '']'' (2012), '']'' (2016)<br>'']'' (2002)<br>'']'' (2006)|| no || no || no || various || ''Ice Age Live! A Mammoth Adventure'' (live arena ice show)
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || yes || ''''']''''' (2008)<br>'']'' (2011)<br>'']'' (2016) || no ||'']'' (2011–2016)<br>'']'' (2018–) || no || ] || numerous
|-
|] <br><small>(] and ])</small> ||children's novels || '']: Lilo & Stitch''<br>''Tono & Stitch'' (2020) || ''''']''''' (2002)<br>'']'' (2003)<br>'']'' (2005)<br>'']'' (2006) || Upcoming live-action remake || '']'' (2003–2006)<br>'']'' (2008–2015)<br>'']'' (2017)||no ||'']'' (]; 2002)<br>'']'' (2002)<br>'']'' (2002)<br>] ||] and additional merchandise
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small> || no || ] || '''Theatrical ''Looney Tunes'' and ''Merrie Melodies'' short films'''<br><small>(beginning in 1930 to 1969 with rival shorts released in the 1990s and 2010s)</small><br>various feature films || '']'' (1989)<small>(cameo only)</small>'']'' (1996)<br>'']'' (2003) || numerous || no || ] || Music albums, theme park rides
|-
|]<br><small>(], ])</small> || various || various ||''']''' (2005)<br>'']'' (2008)<br>'']'' (2012)<br>'']'' (2014) and two shorts films || no || various || no || various || musical and Live, Theme Parks ||
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small> || children's books || ]<br>] || '''Theatrical short films'''<small>(beginning in 1928)</small><br>'']'' (1940)<br>'']'' (1942)<br>'']'' (1944)<br>'']'' (1999)|| '']'' (1989)<small>(cameo only)</small> the films featured in Animaited films feature live-action scenes || numerous || ] || ] || numerous
|-
|]<br><small>(] and various)</small> || various || ''Monsters, Inc.: Laugh Factory'' || ''''']'' (2001)'''<br>'']'' (2013)|| no || ] (2021-) || no || various || numerous
|-
|]<br><small>(] & ])</small>|| various || various || ''''']''''' (2010)<br>'']'' (2012)<br>'']'' (2017) || no || '']''|| no || no ||
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || yes || yes || ''']''' (2004)<br>'']'' (2018)|| no || no ||no || various || '']'' ||
|-
|]<br><small>(], ], Judy Freudburg & ])</small>|| various || no ||''''']''''' (1988)<br>] || no || '']'' (2007–08) || no || ] || no
|-
| ]<br><small>(] & ])</small>|| adaption || various|| ''''']''''' (1994)<br>'']'' (1998)<br>'']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2019) || no (though the 2019 remake was advertised as a live-action film)|| '']'' (1995–1999)<br>'']'' (2015–2019)|| no || ] || ]
|-
|]<br><small>(]<br>]<br>Ken Daurio)</small>|| yes || yes || ] (2016)<br>] (2019) || no || no || no || The Secret Life of Pets: Unleashed || The Secret Life of Pets: Off the Leash!
|-
| ]<br><small>(] & ])</small> || yes || ] || '''Theatrical short films''', <small>(beginning in 1940 to 1967 and 2005)<br></small>'']''<br> various DTV animated films|| '']''|| numerous || no ||] || ]
|-
| ]<br><small>(], and various)</small>|| yes || ] || ''''']''''' (1995)<br>'']'' (1999)<br>'']'' (2010)<br>] (2019)<br>'']''(2011-2012)<br>'']'' (2020)|| no || '']'' (1996)<br>'']'' (2000-2001)<br>'']'' (2019-)<br>two TV shorts|| no || ] || ]
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || various|| ''''']''''' (1989)<br>'']'' (1993)<br>'']'' (1995)<br>'']'' (2002)<br> ] (2005)<br>'']'' (2008)<br>'']'' (2015)<br>'']'' (2019)<br>two Shaun the Sheep specials|| no || '']'' (2007-)<br>'']'' (2009-2012)<br>'']'' (2010)|| no || ] || ]
|-
| ]/]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || yes || Theatrical ''Andy Panda'' short series <small>(starting in 1939 to 1952, with the short '']'' debuting the character of Woody Woodpecker)</small><br> Theatrical Woody Woodpecker shorts <small>(starting in 1940 to 1971) </small>|| '']'' (1989) <small>(cameo only)</small>'']'' (2017) || '']'' (1957-1958)<br>'']'' (1999-2001)<br>'']'' (2018)|| live action segments in '']'' || various || theme park attractions<br>'']''
|}

===Franchises originating in live-action films===

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>
! style="width:10%;"| '''Literature'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Comics'''
! style="width:15%;"| '''Animated films'''
! style="width:15%;"| '''Live action films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Video games'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Other media'''
|-
|]<ref name="avp"/><br><small>(] and ])</small>|| ] || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1979)<br>'']'' (1986)<br>'']'' (1992)<br>'']'' (1997) || no || no || ] || -
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| ] || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1985)<br>'']'' (1989)<br>'']'' (1990) || '']'' (1991-92) || no || yes || ]
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| yes || ] || no ||''''']''''' (1989)<br>'']'' (1991)<br>'']'' (2020) || '']'' (1990-1991) || '']'' (1992)|| various || ]<br>musical
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1992) || ] || '']'' (1997–2003)<br>'']'' (1999–2004) || ] || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || no || '']'' (2004) || ''''']''''' (2000)<br>'']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2013) || no || no || ] || -
|-
|]
<small>(])</small>
|]
|]
|no
|''''']''''' (2013)<br>]
|no
|]
|]
| -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || no || '']'' comic book<br>various || no || {{unbulleted list|''''']''''' (1981)|'']'' (1987)|'']'' (1992)|'']'' (2013); reboot}} || no || '']'' || ] || '']''
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || numerous novels || ''Final Destination: Sacrifice'' (2006)<br /> ''Final Destination: Spring Break'' (2006) || no || {{unbulleted list|''''']''''' (2000)|'']'' (2003)|'']'' (2006)|'']'' (2009)|'']'' (2011)}} || no || no || no || -
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| no || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1984)<br>'']'' (1989)<br />'']'' (2016) || yes || no<ref>Note: The Ghostbusters franchise beginning with the 1984 film is unrelated to the 1975 TV series, '']'', and its spin-off, the 1986 '']'' animated series.</ref>|| yes || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| Novels by Marc Cerasini || ] || '']'' || ''''']''''' (1954)<br>] || yes || yes || yes || -
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small> || ] || ] || no || ''''']'''''<br>] || no || no || '']'' || -
|-
|] <br><small>(Gordon Buford and ])</small> ||''Car, Boy, Girl'' (1961, unpublished)<br>film novelizations || three '']'' under the ''Walt Disney Showcase'' || no || ''''']''''' (1968)<br>'']'' (1974)<br>'']'' (1977)<br>'']'' (1980)<br>'']'' (2005) || no || '']'' || '']'' (2005)<br>''Herbie Rescue Rally'' (2007) || -
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>||]||]||'']'' (2007)||''''']''''' (1986)<br>'']''<br>'']''<br>'']''<br>'']'' (2007)||'']''||'']''<br>'']''||] (1986)<br>'']'' (1995)||'']''
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ])</small>|| yes || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1981)<br>'']'' (1984)<br>'']'' (1989)<br>'']'' (2008) || no || '']'' || ] || '']'' by TSR and '']'' by West End Games
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || no || no || ''''']''''' (1984)<br>'']'' (1986)<br>'']'' (1989)<br>'']'' (1994)<br>'']'' (2010) || '']'' (1989) || '']'' (2018–) || '']'' (1986)<br>'']'' (1987)<br>'']''||
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>||no||]||no|| ''''']''''' (1933); numerous others||'']'' (1966–1969)<br>'']'' (1998)<br>'']'' (2000)|| no || ]||'']'' (2013); amusement park rides
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>
|]
|]
|no
|'']'' (2008)<br>]
|'']'' (2021)
|]
|]
|]
|-
|]<ref name="Brown"/><ref>Lincoln Geraghty, ''American Science Fiction Film and Television'' (2009), p. 94, {{ISBN|1845207963}}: Multiple readings of the film are plentiful and highlight the polysemic nature of the text and subsequent multimedia franchise".</ref><br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ] || '']'' (2003) || ''''']''''' (1999)<br>'']'' (2003)<br>'']'' (2003) || no || no || '']'' (2003)<br>several others || -
|-
|]<br><small>(] and ]) </small>|| yes || ] || '']'' (1964)<br>] || ''''']''''' (1963); sequels and reboots || ] || no || ] || -
|-
|]<ref name="avp"/><br><small>(] and ])</small>|| ] || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1987)<br>'']'' (1990)<br>'']'' (2010) || no || no || ] || -
|-
| ]<br><small>(] and Michael Miner)</small> || RoboCop 2: A Novel || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1987)<br>'']'' (1990)<br>'']'' (1993)<br>'']'' (2014) || '']'' (1988)<br>'']'' (1998−1999) || '']'' (1994)<br>'']'' (2001) || ] || ''RoboCop the Ride''
|-
|]<br><small>(] & ])</small>|| no || yes || no || ''''']''''' (2004); ] || no || no || '']'' (2009)<br />'']'' (2010)|| various theme parks, attractions and additional merchandise
|-
|]<br><small>(] & ])</small> || yes || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1994) || '']'' || '']''<br>'']''<br>'']'' || '']'' || -
|-
|] (includes ] and many others)<ref name="Brown"/><br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || '']'' (2008) || ''''']''''' (1977)<br>]|| numerous || '']'' (1984)<br> '']'' (2020-)<br>Various others || ] || numerous
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1984)<br>] || no || '']'' (2008–2009) || ] || ]
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ] || no || ''''']''''' (1982)<br>'']'' (2010) || '']'' || no || ] ||
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || no || no || ''''']''''' (1976)<br>Numerous sequels and spin-offs || no || no || Various || ]
|}

==Franchises originating in video games==

===Including film and/or television works===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>
! style="width:10%;"| '''Literature'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Comics'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action TV series'''
! style="width:20%;"| '''Video games'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Other media'''
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small> || yes || yes || '']'' (2016)<br>'']'' (2019) || no || '']'' (2013-)<br>'']'' (2014) || no || ''''']''''' (2009)<br>] || theme parks, toys, food products
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small> || ]<br> || ] || ] || '']'' (2009) <small>(short)</small><br>'']'' (2016) || no || no || ''''']''''' (2007)<br>] ||
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small> || ] || ] || '']'' (2008)<br>'']'' (2011) || no || no || no ||''''']''''' (2008)<br>] ||-
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || ] || ]<br>] || no || no || '']'' (2007) || no || ''''']''''' (2001)<br>several sequels || -
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small> || ] || Doom (1996) || no || '']'' (2005) <br> ] (2019) || no || no || ''''']''''' (1993)<br>] || '']''
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || '']'' (2012) || no || no || '']'' (2011) || ''''']''''' (2009)<br>] || ]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || '']'' (1994)<br>'']'' (2001)<br>'']'' (2005)<br>'']'' (2005) || no || yes || no || ''''']''''' (1987)<br>] || ]
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small> || ] || ] || '']'' (2010)|| no || no || '']'' (2012)<br>] || ''''']''''' (2001)<br>] || ], board game, action figures ]

|-
|]<br><small>(Kemono Friends Project, ])</small>||various guide books||''Kemono Friends: Welcome to Japari Park!'' (2015-2017)<br>''Kemono Friends à la carte''<br>''Kemono Friends 2'' || no || no || ''Kemono Friends'' (2017)<br>''Kemono Friends 2'' (2019) ||no|| '''''Kemono Friends''''' (2015-2016 ])<br>various other mobile games, ] game, arcade game || ''Welcome to Japari Park'' (2018–present, ])<br> two stage musicals, various music CDs, audio plays, '']'' ] cards

|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small> || no || ] || no || '']'' (2010)|| '']'' (2005–2006)<br>'']'' (2017) || no || ''''']''''' (1994)<br>] || ]
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small> || no || '']'' (manga 1995-2006)<br>Various (manga) || no || no || '']'' (2001-2003) || no || ''''']''''' (1992)<br>] || ],<br>clothes, toys
|-
| ]<br><small>(], ])</small>|| ] || ] || no || no || '']'' (1989) || no || ''''']''''' (1986)<br>] || ]
|-
|]<ref>Roger Parry, ''The Ascent of Media: From Gilgamesh to Google Via Gutenberg'' (2011), p. 317, {{ISBN|1857885708}}: "Along with associated feature films, comic books, and character merchandise, Mario has become a hugely valuable global multimedia franchise".</ref><br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ]<br>] (comics)<br>] (manga) || '']'' (1986) || '']'' (1993) || ] || '']'' || ''''']''''' (1981)<br>numerous sequels and spin-offs || ]
|-
|] || '']'' (2007)<br>several sequels || ] || '']'' (2012) || no || no || no || ''''']''''' (2007)<br>] || ]
|-
|] || '']'' || ] || no || no || '']'' (1994–1995)<br>'']'' (2002–2003)<br>'']'' (2006–2007) || no || ''''']''''' (1987)<br>] || -
|-
|]<br><small>(], ])</small>|| yes || ] || '']'' (2020) || '']'' (1995)<br>'']'' (1997)<br>'']'' (2021) || '']'' (1996) || '']'' (1998)<br>'']'' (2011) || ''''']''''' (1992),<br>numerous sequels || collectible card game, live show, action figures
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || yes || no || no || ] (1982–1983) || no || ''''']''''' (1980),<br>numerous sequels || collectible card game, live show, action figures
|-
|]<br><small>(], ])</small>|| yes || ] || ] || '']'' (2019) || ] || no || ''''']''''', various series beginning in 1996 || ], ]
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ] (2004–2008)<br>] (2010–2011) || '']'' (2016) || no || no || no || ''''']''''' (2002)<br>] || ]
|-
| ]<br><small>(], ])</small>|| no || yes || no || no || '']'' (1999–2000) || no || ''''']''''' (1995)<br>] || Toy
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || '']'' (2008)<br>'']'' (2012) || ] || no || no || ''''']''''' (1996)<br>] || ]
|-
|] <br><small>(])</small> || yes || ] || no || '']'' (2006)<br /> '']'' (2012) || no || no || ''''']''''' (1999)<br />numerous sequels || ]
|-
|] || yes || ] || no || '']'' (2020) || yes || no || ''''']''''' (1991)<br>] || ]
|-
|] || yes || '']'' (1993)<br>'']'' (2003–2018, numerous manga) || yes || '']'' (1994)<br>'']'' (2009) || yes || '']'' (2014–Present) || ''''']''''' (1987)<br>] || Card game.
|-
|] || no || ] (manga) || '']'' (1998)<br>'']'' (2011) || '']'' (2010) || no || no || ''''']''''' (1994)<br>] ||-
|-
|] || ] || ] || no || '']'' (2001)<br>'']'' (2003)<br>'']'' (2018) || '']'' (2007) || no || ''''']''''' (1996)<br>] || ], ]
|-
| ] || ] || ] || no || '']'' (2016) || no || no || ''''']''''' (1994)<br>] || ]
|-
| ]<br><small>(])</small> || ] || no || no || '']'' (1999) || '']'' (1996) || no || ''''']''''' (1990)<br>] || ]
|}

===Not including film and/or television works===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:60%; margin:auto;" align="left"
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>!! style="width:10%;"| '''Literature''' !! style="width:10%;"| '''Comics''' !! style="width:20%;"| '''Video games''' !! style="width:10%;"| '''Other media'''
|-
|] || ] || ] || ''''']''''' (1996)<br>'']'' (2000)<br>'']'' (2012) ||-
|-
| ] || '']'' (2008)<br>several sequels || ] || ''''']''''' (2006)<br>'']'' (2008)<br>'']'' (2011)<br>'']'' (2013) || ]
|-
| ] || ] || ] || '']'' (2005)<br>] || ]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || ] || ''''']''''' (1987)<br>] || ]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || trilogy graphic novels based on novels trilogy || ''''']''''' (2014)<br>] || merchandise
|-
|-
|] || ] || ] || ''''']''''' (1998 and later expansions)<br>'']'' (2010 and later expansions)<br> || tabletop games
|}
{{Clear|left}}

==Franchises originating in board games, card games, table-top games, and role-playing games==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>
! style="width:10%;"| '''Literature'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Comics'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Video games'''
! style="width:20%;"| '''Other media'''
|-
|]<br><small>(], ])</small>|| ] || ] || no || no || '']'' (1994) || no || yes ||''''']'' wargame'''<br>several other table-top games
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| 3 novels || yes || no || no || no || no || '']'' ||'''''Car Wars'' table-top game'''<br>other table-top games
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || ] || '']'' (2008) || '']'' (2000)<br>two sequels || '']'' (1983–1985) || no || ] || '''''Dungeons & Dragons'' role-playing game'''<br>board games
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| several || several || no || no || no || no || several || '''''Magic: The Gathering'' trading card game'''
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| 3 novels || yes || no || '']'' (2008) || no || no || '']'' (1995) || '''''Mutant Chronicles'' role-playing game'''<br>several table-top games<br>
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || no || no || no || no || no || ] || '''''Shadowrun'' role-playing game'''<br>several other table-top games
|-
| ] <small>(])</small> || ]<br>] || ]<br>] || '']'' (2010) || no || no || no || ] || '''''] miniature wargame'''''<br>several other table-top games
|-
| ] <small>(])</small> || several || yes || no || no || no || '']'' (1996) || yes || '''''] role-playing game'''''<br>several other table-top games
|}

==Franchises originating in toys, attractions and other media==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! style="width:10%;"| '''Franchise'''<br><small>(Creator)</small>
! style="width:10%;"| '''Literature'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Comics'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action films'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Animated TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Live action TV series'''
! style="width:10%;"| '''Video games'''
! style="width:20%;"| '''Toys, attractions and other media'''
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || yes || '']'' (1987)<br>'']'' (1999)<br>'']'' (2000)<br>several TV specials || '']'' (2004)<br>'']'' (2007)<br>'']'' (2009)<br>'']'' (2011)<br>'']'' (2015) || '']'' (1961–1962)<br>'']'' (1983–1990)<br>'']'' (2010) || no || yes || ''''']'''''; ]<br>live stage show
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ''Year of the Black Rainbow'' (2010) || ] || no || upcoming || no || no || yes || ''']''' by ]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| numerous || no || no ||] || no|| no || ] || ''']''' dolls
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| numerous || yes || ] direct to video || no || '']'' (2012–)|| no || ] || ''']''' fashion dolls
|-
|]
(])
|''BanG_Dream! Star Beat'' (2016)
|]
|''BanG Dream! Film Live'' (2019)
''BanG Dream! Episode of Roselia (2021)''
|no
|'''''BanG Dream!''''' (2017-2020)
''BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! Pico'' (2018–2020)
|no
|''''']''''' (2017)
|'''Live Concerts, ]''' and various merchandise
|-
|]<br><small>(Carter Bryant)</small>|| several || no || ] direct to video || '']'' (2007)|| '']'' (2005–2006)|| '']'' (2008) || ] ||''']''' fashion dolls<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| numerous || several ||yes ||] and several others|| no || yes || ] ||'''] ''' Stage plays
|-
|]<br><small>(], ])</small>|| ] || ] || several || no || several || no || ] ||''']''' greeting cards<br>various merchandise
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| '']'' Light Novel (2001) || ] || ] || no || ] || no || ] || ''']'''<br>]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || ] || '']'' (1987) || '']'' (2009)<br>'']'' (2013) || Various productions, beginning with '']'' (1985–1987) || no || ] || ]
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] (1979–1992)<br>'']'' (2006) || ] || no || '']'' (2005) || no || '']'' (1981) || ] || ] (1978–1980)<br>stage play
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| ] || no || '']'' franchise; ] || no || no|| no || ] || ''']''' building blocks; ] theme park
|-
|]<br><small>(] or ])</small>|| '']'' (1936), and numerous others || '']''| || no || '']'' (1938 film serial); || '']'' (1966–1968) || '']'' (1949–1957); ] || '']'' (1991) || '''''The Lone Ranger''''' (1933 radio show)
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small> || '']'' (2006) || no || '']'' || numerous || no || '']'' || no || ''''']''''' (1999)<br>Numerous other stage plays
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || yes<!-- There were the ones existed before the 2012 FIM comics. --> || '']'' (1986)<br>Various direct-to-video films produced in 2000s<!-- Hasbro isn't officially using terms like "Generation 3" for MLP, unlike Transformers Generation 1. --><br>'']'' (2013) and two sequels<br>'' ]'' (2017) || no || '']'' (1984 TV special)<!-- It's titled "My Little Pony" onscreen. "Rescue at Midnight Castle" is the title of 2-part edit. Will rename the article later. --><br>''My Little Pony: Escape from Catrina'' (1985 TV special)<br>'']'' (1986, part of ''My Little Pony {{'}}n Friends'' ])<br>'']'' (1992)<br>'']'' (2010) || no || yes || '''My Little Pony''' (toy line)
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| no || no || no || '']'' (1968)<br>'']'' (1998) || '']'' (1975–1977) || '']'' (1970–1975)<br>'']'' (1982–1983)<br>'']'' (2015) || no || ''''']''''' (1965 stage play)
|-
|]
<small>(])</small>
|yes
|''Mobile Police Patlabor'' (1988−1994)
|'']'' (1989)
'']'' (1993)

'']'' (2002)
|] (2015)
|] (1989−1990)
|'']'' (2014–2015)
|yes
|'''''Patlabor: Early Days''''' (1988–1989 ])
'']'' (1990–1992 ])

''Patlabor Concert Tour '92: Project Tokyo''

soundtracks

toys

model kits
|-
|]<ref name="Brown"/><br><small>(])</small>|| '']'' (12 books)<br>'']'' (5 books)<br>'']'' || no || no || ] (2003–2017) || no || no || ] || ''']''', beginning in 1967
|-
|]<br><small>(])</small>|| yes || yes || several || no || several || no || ] || ''']''' greeting cards<br>various merchandise
|-
|]<ref name="Brown"/><ref>Marc DiPaolo, ''War, Politics and Superheroes: Ethics and Propaganda in Comics and Film'' (2011), p. 39, {{ISBN|0786485795}}: "The multimedia franchise is bolstered by the imaginations of the Transformers fans that imbue the flimsy material with their own potent fantasies of family cars and household devices turning into robots".</ref><br><small>(], based on two existing toy lines created by ])</small>|| ] || ] || '']'' (1986) || ] (2007-) || '']'' (1982–1987); various series || no || ] || ]
|-
|}
'''etc.''''


==See also== ==See also==
Line 765: Line 449:
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]


==References== ==References==
Line 771: Line 455:


{{Media series}} {{Media series}}
{{List of lists|mass media}}


] ]
]

Latest revision as of 04:56, 14 December 2024

A multimedia franchise (or a transmedia franchise) is a media franchise for which installments exist in multiple forms of media, such as books, comics, films, television series, animated series and video games. Multimedia franchises usually develop due to the popularization of an original creative work, and then its expansion to other media through licensing agreements, with respect to intellectual property in the franchise's characters and settings, although the trend later developed wherein franchises would be launched in multiple forms of media simultaneously.

In order to qualify for these lists, a franchise must have works in at least three forms of media, and must have two or more separate works in at least two of those forms of media (a television series or comic book series is considered a single work for purposes of this list; multiple spin-off series or reboots of a previously ended series are considered multiple works). For example, a television series that spawned one film and one novelization would not qualify; a television series that had a spin-off series, or was remade as a new series, and which spawned two films and one novelization does qualify. These lists do not include public domain works from which adaptations have been made in multiple media only after the works entered the public domain, which do not involve licensing or other means by which an author or owner controls the franchise. A franchise may be included if it obtained multimedia franchise status prior to works within the collection entering the public domain.

Following are lists of multimedia franchises, divided by media characteristics:

Multimedia franchises originating in print

Main article: List of multimedia franchises originating in print
Franchises originating in literary works
Franchises originating in comics strips, comic books and webcomics, and other printed cartoons

Multimedia franchises originating in television and web series

Main article: List of multimedia franchises originating in television series
Franchises originating in animated television and web series
Franchises originating in live action television and web series

Multimedia franchises originating in films

Main article: List of multimedia franchises originating in films
Franchises originating in animated films
Franchises originating in live-action films

Multimedia franchises originating in games, toys, and merchandise

Main article: List of multimedia franchises originating in games, toys, and merchandise
Franchises originating in video games including film or television works
Franchises originating in video games not including film or television works
Franchises originating in board games, card games, tabletop games and role-playing games
Franchises originating in toys, attractions and other media

See also

References

  1. See, e.g., Barry Langford, Post-classical Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology Since 1945, p. 207, ISBN 074863858X: "For the studios, a home-run is a film from which a multimedia 'franchise' can be generated; the colossally expensive creation of cross-media conglomerates predicated on synergistic rewards provides an obvious imperative to develop such products".
  2. Harry J. Brown, Videogames and Education (2008), p. 41, ISBN 0765629496:

    In one of the most celebrated ventures in media convergence, Larry and Andy Wachowski, creators of The Matrix trilogy, produced the game Enter the Matrix (2003) simultaneously with the last two films of the trilogy, shooting scenes for the game on the movie's sets with the movie s actors, and releasing the game on the same day as The Matrix: Reloaded. Likewise, on September 21, 2004, Lucasfilm jointly released a new DVD box set of the original Star Wars trilogy with Star Wars: Battlefront, a combat game in which players can reenact battles from all six Star Wars films. In 2005, Peter Jackson likewise produced his blockbuster film King Kong (2005) in tandem with a successful King Kong game designed by Michael Ancel and published by Ubisoft. In the last several years, numerous licensed videogame adaptations of major summer and holiday blockbusters were released a few days before or a few days after their respective films, including: all three Star Wars films (1999–2005); all five Harry Potter films (2001–2008); all three Spider-Man films (2002–2007); Hulk (2002); The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002); The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003); The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (2005); Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006); Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007); and Transformers (2007). These multimedia franchises have made it more difficult to distinguish the production of films and videogames as separate enterprises.

  3. Not related to the Marvel franchise.
Media franchises
Media series
Media lists
Highest-grossing
Best-selling
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