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{{for|the classicist|Johann Gottlieb Lehmann}}
{{Short description|German and Russian mineralogist (1719–1767)}}
{{Infobox scientist {{Infobox scientist
|name = Johann Gottlob Lehmann |name = Johann Gottlob Lehmann
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|image_size = |image_size =
|caption = Lehmann in the age of 42 |caption = Lehmann in the age of 42
|birth_date = 4 August 1719 |birth_date = {{birth date text|4 August 1719}}
|birth_place = ], ] |birth_place = ], ]
|death_date = {{death-date and age|22 January 1767|4 August 1719}} |death_date = {{death-date and age|22 January 1767|4 August 1719}}
|death_place = ], ] |death_place = ], ]
|residence = |residence =
|citizenship = |citizenship =
|nationality = ] |nationality = ]
|ethnicity = |ethnicity =
|field = ] |field = ]
|work_institutions = |work_institutions =
|alma_mater = ] |alma_mater = ]
|doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_advisor =
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|known_for = ] |known_for = ]
|author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_bot =
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'''Johann Gottlieb Lehmann''' (4 August 1719 in ], ], – 22 January 1767 in ], ]) was a ] ] and ] noted for his work and research contributions to the ] leading to the development of ]. '''Johann Gottlob Lehmann''' (4 August 1719{{snd}}22 January 1767) was a German ] and ] noted for his work and research contributions to the ] leading to the development of ].


== Life and career == == Life and career ==
], ]]] ], ]]]


He attended the ], from which he received an M.D. in 1741, and then established a practice in ]. {{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Lehmann was born in ], ] and attended the ], from which he received an M.D. in 1741, and then established a practice in ].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
Living in ], he developed an interest in the local ] industry, and published on the chemical composition of ore deposits. In 1750 the ] commissioned him to study mining practices throughout ]. Living in ], he developed an interest in the local ] industry, and published on the chemical composition of ore deposits. In 1750, the ] commissioned him to study mining practices throughout ].


In 1761 the Russian ] invited him to ], where he became professor of chemistry and director of the imperial museum there.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} In 1761, the Russian ] invited him to ], where he became professor of chemistry and director of the imperial museum there.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
At the ] in the Urals he discovered a lead ore with a reddish-orange mineral (PbCrO<sub>4</sub>), which he named "Rotbleierz" (red lead ore); today in English its name is ]. At the ] in the ] he discovered a ] with a reddish-orange mineral ({{chem2|link=lead(II) chromate|PbCrO4}}), which he named "Rotbleierz" (red lead ore); today in English its name is ].<ref>{{cite book | title =De Nova Minerae Plumbi Specie Crystallina Rubra | author = Iohannis Gottlob Lehmanni | year = 1766 | url = http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10226162-6 }}</ref><!--<ref name="Adelung1770">{{cite book|author=Johann Christoph Adelung|title=Mineralogische Belustigungen, zum Behuf der Chymie und Naturgeschichte des Mineralreichs: Mit Kupfern. Fünfter Band|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AP5cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA124|year=1770|publisher=bey Joh. Friedrich Heineck und Faber, Buchhändler in Copenhagen|pages=124–}}</ref>-->


Lehmann, ], and ] were founders of stratigraphy. Lehmann, ], and ] were founders of stratigraphy.
{{quote|The chief merit of Lehmann is his accurate description of the stratified rocks (''Flötzgebirge''). He distinguished thirty successive bands of rock in the stratified system of Ilfeld and Mansfeld, and set forth the geological structure of that district in an accompanying series of diagrams and sections. {{blockquote|The chief merit of Lehmann is his accurate description of the stratified rocks (''Flötzgebirge''). He distinguished thirty successive bands of rock in the stratified system of Ilfeld and Mansfeld, and set forth the geological structure of that district in an accompanying series of diagrams and sections.
Many of the terms in his description of the Thuringian deposits were adopted by him from the miners, and have been retained in geological literature; for example, ''Zechstein'' or mine-stone, corresponding to the ] and shales or Upper Dyassic group in England; and ''rothes Todtliegendes'' (''Rothliegende'') or red underlayer, the unproductive basement beds below the ore-bearing, and the equivalent of the Lower Dyassic.<ref>{{cite book|author=von Zittel, Karl Alfred|author2=trans. Ogilvie-Gordon, Maria M.|title=History of geology and palæontology to the end of the nineteenth century |year=1901|page=36 |location=London|publisher=Walter Scott|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JYZVFnApPgoC&pg=PA36}}</ref>}} Lehmann died in St Petersburg from injuries caused by the explosion of a retort filled with arsenic. Many of the terms in his description of the Thuringian deposits were adopted by him from the miners, and have been retained in geological literature; for example, ''Zechstein'' or mine-stone, corresponding to the ] and shales or Upper ] group in England; and ''rothes Todtliegendes'' (''Rothliegende'') or red underlayer, the unproductive basement beds below the ore-bearing, and the equivalent of the Lower Dyassic.<ref>{{cite book|author=von Zittel, Karl Alfred|author2=trans. Ogilvie-Gordon, Maria M.|title=History of geology and palæontology to the end of the nineteenth century |year=1901|page= |location=London|publisher=Walter Scott|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JYZVFnApPgoC}}</ref>}} Lehmann died in Saint Petersburg from injuries caused by the explosion of a ] filled with ].


== Selected works == == Selected works ==
] ]


* ''Abhandlung von den Metall-Müttern und der Erzeugung der Metalle aus der Naturlehre und Bergwerckswissenschaft hergeleitet und mit chymischen Versuchen erwiesen'' Berlin 1753 * '''' Berlin 1753
* ''Versuch einer Geschichte von Flötz-Gebürgen betreffend deren Entstehung, Lage, darinne befindliche Metallen, Mineralien und Foßilien größtentheils aus eigenen Wahrnehmungen und aus denen Grundsätzen der Natur-Lehre hergeleitet, und mit nöthigen Kupfern versehen'' Berlin 1756 () * '''' Berlin 1756 ()
* '' Gedancken von denen Ursachen derer Erdbeben und deren Fortpflanzung unter der Erden'' Berlin 1757 * '' '' Berlin 1757
* ''Kurzer Entwurf einer Mineralogie...'' Berlin 1758 * ''Kurzer Entwurf einer Mineralogie...'' Berlin 1758
* '' Cadmiologia oder Geschichte des Farben-Kobolds nach seinen Nahmen, Arten, Lagerstaedten darbey brechenden Metallen, Mineralien, Erzten und Steinen'' Berlin 1760 * '' '' Berlin 1760


== References == == References ==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}
;Attribution '''Attribution:'''
{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Lehmann, Johann Gottlob}} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Lehmann, Johann Gottlob|volume=16|page=384}}


== External links == == External links ==
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Latest revision as of 19:00, 14 December 2024

For the classicist, see Johann Gottlieb Lehmann. German and Russian mineralogist (1719–1767)
Johann Gottlob Lehmann
Lehmann in the age of 42
Born4 August 1719 (1719-08-04)
Langenhennersdorf, Electorate of Saxony
Died22 January 1767 (1767-01-23) (aged 47)
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
NationalityGerman
Alma materUniversity of Wittenberg
Known forStratigraphy
Scientific career
FieldsMineralogy

Johann Gottlob Lehmann (4 August 1719 – 22 January 1767) was a German mineralogist and geologist noted for his work and research contributions to the geologic record leading to the development of stratigraphy.

Life and career

Memorial plaque of Johann Gottlob Lehmann on his birthplace in Langenhennersdorf in Saxony, Germany

Lehmann was born in Langenhennersdorf, Electorate of Saxony and attended the University of Wittenberg, from which he received an M.D. in 1741, and then established a practice in Dresden. Living in Saxony, he developed an interest in the local mining industry, and published on the chemical composition of ore deposits. In 1750, the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences commissioned him to study mining practices throughout Prussia.

In 1761, the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences invited him to Saint Petersburg, where he became professor of chemistry and director of the imperial museum there. At the Beryozovskoye deposit in the Urals he discovered a lead ore with a reddish-orange mineral (PbCrO4), which he named "Rotbleierz" (red lead ore); today in English its name is crocoite.

Lehmann, Georg Christian Füchsel, and Giovanni Arduino were founders of stratigraphy.

The chief merit of Lehmann is his accurate description of the stratified rocks (Flötzgebirge). He distinguished thirty successive bands of rock in the stratified system of Ilfeld and Mansfeld, and set forth the geological structure of that district in an accompanying series of diagrams and sections. Many of the terms in his description of the Thuringian deposits were adopted by him from the miners, and have been retained in geological literature; for example, Zechstein or mine-stone, corresponding to the Magnesian Limestone and shales or Upper Dyassic group in England; and rothes Todtliegendes (Rothliegende) or red underlayer, the unproductive basement beds below the ore-bearing, and the equivalent of the Lower Dyassic.

Lehmann died in Saint Petersburg from injuries caused by the explosion of a retort filled with arsenic.

Selected works

Geological profile created by Lehmann

References

  1. ^ Chisholm 1911.
  2. Iohannis Gottlob Lehmanni (1766). De Nova Minerae Plumbi Specie Crystallina Rubra.
  3. von Zittel, Karl Alfred; trans. Ogilvie-Gordon, Maria M. (1901). History of geology and palæontology to the end of the nineteenth century. London: Walter Scott. p. 36.

Attribution:

External links

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