Misplaced Pages

Baby Einstein: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 22:51, 15 January 2014 edit173.54.55.215 (talk) →Baby Einstein Videos← Previous edit Latest revision as of 01:29, 15 December 2024 edit undoCodeTalker (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers34,980 edits Reverted 1 edit by 45.62.74.31 (talk): Unsourced date change, contradicts sourceTags: Twinkle Undo 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|American educational cartoon}}
{{For|the Baby Einstein videos|List of Baby Einstein videos}}
{{Cleanup-PR|1=article|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox company {{Infobox company
|name = The Baby Einstein Company | name = Baby Einstein
|logo = ] | logo = Baby Einstein 2018 logo.png
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2018
|foundation = ] (1996)
| foundation = {{start date and age|1996|6|4}}
|caption = '''''"Great minds start little"'''''
|location = ], ], ] | location = ], U.S.
|key_people = | key_people = Julie Aigner-Clark (founder)
| industry = Early child entertainment
''''''Julie Clark''', Founder'''
| owner = Julie Aigner-Clark
''''''Susan McLain''', Manager'''
| parent = {{Plainlist|
''''''Nadeem Zaidi''', Graphics'''
* Independent (1996–2000)
</small>
* ] (2000–2001; minority stake)
|industry = Infant Entertainment
|parent = ] * ] (2001–2013)
* ] (2013–present)
|homepage =
}}
| homepage =
}} }}


'''Baby Einstein''', stylized as '''baby einstein''', is an American franchise and line of ] products, including ] programs, ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, and baby gear that specialize in interactive activities for ]s and ]s under three years old, created by Julie Aigner-Clark. The franchise is produced by The Baby Einstein Company (formerly known as I Think I Can Productions).
'''Baby Einstein''' is a line of ] products and ]s that specialize in interactive activities for ] viewers aged 1 to 6 years old. Subjects music, art, language, science, and mathematics are prominently explored. These products are currently made by a division of the ], marketed under the ], "Great minds start little". The Baby Einstein Company pays a significant amount of money to ], on behalf of the estate of renowned physicist ], for the use of the Einstein name, though the products have virtually nothing to do with Einstein or his work (however, Disney uses a disclaimer that Einstein is a trademark of ]<ref name="Httpbabyeinsteincomhome">http://babyeinstein.com/home/</ref>).


The videos show babies, toddlers and preschoolers under three years simple patterns, puppet shows, and familiar objects, such as everyday items, animals, and toys that are often accompanied by reorchestrated ] written by composers such as ], ], ], ], ], ], and many others, as well as some traditional rhymes.
==History==
The Baby Einstein Company was founded in 1997 by stay-at-home mom and former teacher ] at her home in suburban ], as '''Julie Aigner-Clark Films'''.<ref>http://www.babyeinstein.com/en/our_story/history/</ref> Aigner-Clark and her husband, Bill Clark, invested $18,000 of their savings to produce the initial product, a ], a VHS entitled ''Baby Einstein,'' later sold as ''Language Nursery''.


The video series is known for its puppets, which are all animals who seldom speak, mostly communicating in simple sounds and their respective animal noises.
The original video shows a variety of toys and visuals interspersed with music, stories, numbers, and words of many languages. Eventually, the video was marketed across the ], ], ] and ]. Other videos followed, some featuring the Clarks' two ]s, Aspen & Sierra, among other children. Also featuring toys by Ambi, Brio, Folkmanis, Dakin, Chimes, Battat, Tomy, Legends and Lore, among others.


The Baby Einstein Company has also released a companion series aimed at preschoolers, called '']'',<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=1505|title=The Baby Einstein Company Grows Beyond Video Aisle and into Preschool Television}}</ref> but in 2016, they received a new sister show called ''WeeSchool'', which was also created by Clark.
Baby Einstein became a multi-million dollar ]; its revenue grew from $1 million in 1998<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Denver Post| title=Baby videos spell big money Mom turns 'Einstein' into million- dollar enterprise| author=Eric Hubler| date=1999-03-12}}</ref> to around $10 million in 2000.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Nurturing a 'Baby' boom Littleton woman's line of videos, CDs a hit with children| journal=Denver Post| date=2001-05-30|author=Daisy Whitney}}</ref> Aigner-Clark renamed the company to '''The Baby Einstein Company''' in January 1998, and sold a 20% stake in the company to ] and ] in February 2000 and sold the rest to ] for an undisclosed amount in November 2001.<ref>{{cite news|title=Artisan Entertainment Acquires Rights to Distribute Branded Developmental Series From The Baby Einstein Company| date=2000-02-10| publisher=Business Wire}}</ref> The franchise is named after and pays significant ] to the estate of deceased physicist ], putting him in the top 5 of most earning dead celebrities, according to ].<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/cobain-is-the-new-elvis/2006/10/25/1161699375968.html |title=Cobain is the new Elvis (Most earning dead celebrities)| publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|date=2006-10-25|accessdate=2008-08-13|author=(Reuters)| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080905014203/http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/cobain-is-the-new-elvis/2006/10/25/1161699375968.html| archivedate= 5 September 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>


Baby Einstein was introduced to the public in 1996, and remained a small company until Clark sold it to ]. Between November 7, 2001,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-07-fi-1070-story.html|title=Disney Buys Toy Maker, Publisher Baby Einstein|last=VERRIER|first=RICHARD|date=2001-11-07|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2018-03-19|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> and October 13, 2013, Disney owned and operated the Baby Einstein brand. Starting on October 14, 2013, ] owns and operates the Baby Einstein brand.
At one point in 2009, the brand was estimated to be worth nearly 400 million dollars based on revenues. Julie was named Entrepreneur of the Year and won various awards for her products, which are the number one selling brand (1 in three households with babies in the US own at least one Baby Einstein product) of videos for very young children.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} Julie has appeared in many media outlets, including Oprah, GMA, The Today Show and USA Today. On January 23, 2007 The Baby Einstein Company was mentioned in the ] address by President ]. Aigner-Clark, along with other notable U.S. citizens, was invited to sit in the gallery during the speech, and was recognized by Bush during his presentation to the nation.


==History==
As a ] of Disney, the production budgets were increased and the concept was expanded to include a wide range of themes. A line of educational toys were also developed. In 2005, the franchise inspired a ] ] called '']''.
'''The Baby Einstein Company''' was founded in 1996 by former teacher and stay-at-home mom Julie Aigner-Clark<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Conrad Gothie|first=Sarah|date=December 2006|title='Great Minds Start Little': Unpacking the Baby Einstein Phenomenon|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=bgsu1162674582&disposition=inline|pages=10}}{{deadlink|date=December 2022}}</ref> at her home in suburban ], ], as '''I Think I Can Productions'''. According to an interview with Julie Dunn, she wanted her babies to be exposed to classical music, poetry, colors, shapes, and more.<ref>Dunn, Julie. "Bringing up Baby Einstein." New York Times, 11 Nov. 2001, p. BU. Gale Academic OneFile,</ref> Aigner-Clark and her husband borrowed video equipment and invested $15,000 of their own savings to produce the initial product, a ] cassette they named ''Baby Einstein'' and later sold as ''Language Nursery'' in 2002 to avoid confusion with the Baby Einstein brand as a whole.


The original video shows a variety of toys and visuals interspersed with music, stories, numbers, and words spoken in seven different languages: ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Eventually, the video was marketed across the United States, ], ], and Australia. It even won the 1997 Parenting Magazine award for Best Video of the Year.<ref>"80 Percent of Parents Feel Children Under the Age of Five Should Be Exposed to Classical Music." PR Newswire, 10 Aug. 2000, p. 0870. Gale Academic OneFile</ref> Other videos followed, some featuring the Clarks' two daughters, Aspen and Sierra, as well as other children.
The official ''Baby Einstein'' website is available in English and en Español, with specific content for more than 30 different countries.


It quickly became a multimillion-dollar ]; its revenue grew from $1 million in 1998<ref>{{cite news|work =Denver Post| title=Baby videos spell big money Mom turns 'Einstein' into million-dollar enterprise| author=Eric Hubler| date=March 12, 1999 }}</ref> to $25 million in 2001.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nurturing a 'Baby' boom Littleton woman's line of videos, CDs a hit with children| work=Denver Post| date=May 30, 2001 |author=Daisy Whitney}}</ref> Julie Aigner-Clark renamed the company as Aigner-Clark Productions in 1998, then the Baby Einstein Company the following year, and on February 10, 2000, ] announced they had acquired a minority stake in the company in exchange for a North American home video distribution agreement under the FHE Kids sub-label of ].<ref>{{cite news|title= Artisan Entertainment Acquires Rights to Distribute Branded Developmental Series From The Baby Einstein Company| date=February 10, 2000 | work =Business Wire}}</ref>
==Current Status==
The final ''Baby Einstein'' video was released on September 29, 2009 and was titled as ''World Animal Adventure'', with '']'' ending that same year on December 22, 2009. As a not-so-popular series anymore, ''Baby Einstein'' videos are no longer on sale at a few commuity stores, but they are still popular and on sale on few shopping websites. Other ''Baby Einstein'' products on currently on sale at few stores.


On November 6, 2001, ] announced they had acquired The Baby Einstein Company for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/the-walt-disney-company-acquires-the-baby-einstein-company/ | title=The Walt Disney Company Acquires the Baby Einstein Company | date=6 November 2001 }}</ref> Julie Aigner-Clark stepped down from directing Baby Einstein videos in 2002. Disney rereleased the Baby Einstein videos previously distributed by FHE Kids, then produced re-edited versions of the Aigner-Clark videos in 2004.
Julie Aigner-Clark no longer owns or operates the company she founded. She has since been involved in several start ups, including The Safe Side and Baby Bytes. She is a notable speaker and has a web site that can be found at http://www.mommymade.com.


The concept and popularity of Baby Einstein expanded as a Disney property. Educational toys and additional videos were developed. Baby Einstein was also the source of inspiration for a preschool-aimed television series called '']'', created by the Disney-owned Baby Einstein Company and animated by ]. The series began with a direct-to-video film in August 2005, with regular episodes airing on ] starting October of that year.
==Complaint to FTC==
In May 2006, the ] (CCFC) filed a complaint with the U.S. ] (FTC) against the Baby Einstein Company and the Brainy Baby Company, a producer of similar videos;<ref name=FTCcomplaint>, Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood website, retrieved Dec. 15, 2008</ref> the following month the CCFC amended the complaint to include another producer, BabyFirstTV.<ref name="FTCcomplaint"/> The CCFC alleged ] by these companies, citing the ]' recommendation that children under two should be discouraged from watching television at all,<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;107/2/423 |author= ], Committee on Public Education |title=Children, Adolescents, and Television (policy statement)| journal=]|volume=107|date=February 2001|pages=423–426 |doi=10.1542/peds.107.2.423 |pmid=11158483 |issue=2}}</ref> and a study showing that only six percent of parents are aware of that recommendation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mothering.com/guest_editors/kids_commercialism/kids_commercialism.html| title=Putting the Book Back in Book Fair| publisher=]|date=January 2007| accessdate=2007-08-13| author=Josh Golin |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070812174744/http://www.mothering.com/guest_editors/kids_commercialism/kids_commercialism.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia121405pkg.cfm |title=New Report on Educational Media for Babies, Toddlers, and Preschoolers|author=Michelle M. Garrison and Dimitri A. Christakis| publisher=]|accessdate=2007-08-13 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070902235706/http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia121405pkg.cfm| archivedate= 2 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> while 49 percent of parents think educational videos like these are very important in the intellectual development of children.


The success of Baby Einstein was estimated to be nearly $400 million based on revenues. Julie was named "Entrepreneur of the Year" and won various awards, and one in three U.S. households with babies were found to own at least one Baby Einstein product.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} It received positive media and Aigner-Clark appeared on the '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']'', among others. President ] mentioned the Baby Einstein Company in his 2007 ] address, which Aigner-Clark was invited to attend.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
In December 2007, the FTC closed the complaint, determining not to recommend any enforcement action against the company. In so doing, the FTC noted that certain of the claims that were the subject of the CCFC’s complaint did not raise issues under the FTC’s substantiation rules.<ref name=FTCClosingLetter> to counsel for the Baby Einstein Company, December 5, 2007, retrieved July 9, 2008</ref> Other factors considered by the FTC in making its determination included the redesign of the Baby Einstein website, which removed certain product testimonials and product descriptions, as well as the company's representations that it would take steps to ensure that any advertising claims with respect to educational and developmental value would be properly substantiated.<ref name=FTCClosingLetter/> However, the websites of Baby Einstein in languages other than English are not all modified in the same way. For example, its official Chinese website still contains the product effect statement as "For example, the ''Baby Van Gogh'' released by us can initiate your baby's interest and recognition of colors."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.babyeinstein.com/cn/OurProducts.shtml|title=产品介绍 ("Product Introduction")|accessdate=2008-08-22}} ("例如我们已经发行的《小小梵高－色彩的世界》影片DVD，就能启发宝宝们对颜色的兴趣和认识。" ("For example, the ''Baby Van Gogh'' released by us can initiate your baby's interest and recognition of colors."))</ref>


In 2008, Clark, along with actress ], hosted a tenth anniversary party for ''Baby Einstein''. Clark had also announced plans to launch a toddler brand called ''Einstein Pals'',<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080820005257/en/Baby-Einstein-TM-Founder-Julie-Clark-Jennifer|title=Baby Einstein(TM) Founder Julie Clark and Jennifer Garner Host 10th Anniversary Celebration - Business Wire|work=businesswire.com|access-date=8 September 2016}}</ref> including a line of videos, but the project has been abandoned since 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/einstein-pals-77294482.html|title=Apply for a Trademark. Search a Trademark|work=trademarkia.com|access-date=8 September 2016}}</ref>
As with all of its products, Disney offers refunds to any customers who are unhappy with the quality of its merchandise.<ref>{{cite web |title=CCFC Victory: Disney Offers Refunds on Baby Einstein Videos|url=http://commercialfreechildhood.org//babyeinsteinrefund.html|accessdate=2009-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Baby Einstein DVD Upgrade / Moneyback Guarantee|url=http://www.babyeinstein.com/(S(3qnoffi1whnnnt55h2ljk355))/parentsguide/satisfaction/upgrade_us.html|accessdate=2009-10-23}}</ref>


As a result of Baby Einstein being named after ], ] had to be paid to ] which compensates the Einstein ]. This made Einstein one of the top five earning dead celebrities.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/cobain-is-the-new-elvis/2006/10/25/1161699375968.html |title= Cobain is the new Elvis (Most earning dead celebrities)| work =Sydney Morning Herald|date=2006-10-25|access-date=2008-08-13| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080905014203/http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/cobain-is-the-new-elvis/2006/10/25/1161699375968.html| archive-date= 5 September 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>
==Controversy over effects on language development==


On October 14, 2013, The Walt Disney Company announced they had sold the ''Baby Einstein'' brand to ], a longtime licensee of the property.<ref name="License! Global">{{cite news |url=http://www.licensemag.com/toys-games/kids-ii-purchases-baby-einstein|author =License! Global|date=October 14, 2013 |title=Kids II Purchases Baby Einstein |work =License! Global }}</ref>
In 1993, a study was published which showed listening to Mozart produced an increase in spatial reasoning skills for approximately ten minutes in college students, a phenomenon dubbed ''The Mozart Effect''. The authors of the paper later complained that their research had been misunderstood in popular culture to imply a permanent increase in general intelligence.


==Controversy==
In August 2007, the '']'' published a ] version of the results of a study by researchers at the ] on the effects of television and DVD/video viewing on language development in children under two years of age. The study, the second conducted by the same researchers as part of a larger project, was a correlational study based on telephone interviews with parents of children aged 2 to 24 months. The parents were asked about time spent interacting with adults, how much time was spent watching television and DVDs/videos, and what kind of media the children watched.


===FTC complaint===
The study's authors, Drs. Frederick Zimmerman, Dimitri Christakis, and ], concluded that, among infants aged 8 to 16 months, exposure to "baby DVDs/videos" — such as ''Baby Einstein'' and ''Brainy Baby'' — was strongly ] with lower scores on a Communicative Development Inventory - a standard ] test. This result was specific to baby-oriented educational videos and did not hold for other types of media, and was not related to shared parental viewing. Among toddlers aged 17 to 24 months, the study found no ] effects, either negative or positive, for any of the forms of media that were viewed. Daily reading and storytelling, however, were found to be associated with somewhat higher language scores, especially for toddlers. Listening to music, on the other hand, had no significant effect.<ref>{{cite journal|author=F. J. Zimmerman, D.A. Christakis, and A.N. Meltzoff| title=Associations between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children under Age 2 Years| journal=Journal of Pediatrics| date= online 2007-08-07| url=http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site36/2007/0817/20070817_071817_Zimmermanetal__Associations_JPed07.pdf| doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071|format=PDF|volume=151|pages=364|pmid=17889070|issue=4}}</ref>
In May 2006, the ] (CCFC) filed a complaint with the U.S. ] (FTC) against the Baby Einstein Company and similar companies for ].<ref name=FTCcomplaint> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719054418/http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/babyvideos/ftccomplaint.htm |date=2011-07-19 }}, Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood website, retrieved Dec. 15, 2008</ref> The CCFC alleged false advertising based on an ] recommendation that children under two should be discouraged from watching television.<ref>{{cite journal |author=], Committee on Public Education |title=Children, Adolescents, and Television (policy statement) |journal=] |volume=107 |date=February 2001 |pages=423–426 |doi=10.1542/peds.107.2.423 |pmid=11158483 |issue=2 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It also cited studies showing that only 6% of parents were aware of that recommendation, whereas 49% thought educational videos were very important in children's intellectual development.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mothering.com/guest_editors/kids_commercialism/kids_commercialism.html |title=Putting the Book Back in Book Fair |work=] |date=January 2007 |access-date=2007-08-13 |author=Josh Golin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812174744/http://www.mothering.com/guest_editors/kids_commercialism/kids_commercialism.html |archive-date=2007-08-12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia121405pkg.cfm |title=New Report on Educational Media for Babies, Toddlers, and Preschoolers|author1=Michelle M. Garrison |author2=Dimitri A. Christakis |name-list-style=amp | publisher=] |access-date=2007-08-13 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070902235706/http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia121405pkg.cfm| archive-date= 2 September 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>
In December 2007, the FTC closed the complaint, noting that some of the CCFC's claims did not raise issues under the FTC's substantiation rules.<ref name=FTCClosingLetter> to counsel for the Baby Einstein Company, December 5, 2007, retrieved July 9, 2008</ref> The FTC also considered the redesign of the Baby Einstein website, which removed certain product testimonials and product descriptions, as well as the company's promise to make sure that advertising claims about products' educational and developmental value would be properly substantiated.<ref name=FTCClosingLetter/>


===Language development===
The University of Washington press release announcing the study explained that for each hour-per-day spent watching baby DVDs/videos, infants understood on average six to eight fewer words than infants who did not watch them, and recommended that parents limit their use. "There is no clear evidence of a benefit coming from baby DVDs and videos and there is some suggestion of harm," said lead author Frederick Zimmerman. "We don't know for sure that baby DVDs and videos are harmful, but the best policy is safety first. Parents should limit their exposure as much as possible."<ref name="Joel Schwartz">{{cite web|url=http://uwnews.washington.edu/ni/article.asp?articleID=35898|author=Joel Schwartz|date=2007-08-07|title=Baby DVDs, videos may hinder, not help, infants' language development |publisher=University of Washington (press release)}}</ref> In his study, Zimmerman states that the association between television-watching was only observed in the younger children, and that this could disappear by the time the children become toddlers.
A 2010 study published in '']'' demonstrated that children who viewed the videos regularly for one month, with or without their parents, "showed no greater understanding of words from the program than kids who never saw it".<ref name=bower>{{cite news|author1=Bruce Bower|title=DVDs don't turn toddlers into vocabulary Einsteins|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dvds-don%E2%80%99t-turn-toddlers-vocabulary-einsteins|work=ScienceNews|date=September 3, 2010|access-date=May 16, 2015|archive-date=November 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120110250/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dvds-don%E2%80%99t-turn-toddlers-vocabulary-einsteins|url-status=dead}}</ref> On the other hand, children who were taught by their parents improved the most; researchers speculated that this was probably because children learn best "through meaningful gestures and interactive communication with parents".<ref name=maia>{{cite magazine|author1=Maia Szalavitz |title='Like Crack for Babies': Kids Love Baby Einstein, But They Don't Learn From It|url=https://healthland.time.com/2010/09/07/like-crack-for-babies-baby-einstein-fails-again-in-new-study/ |magazine =Time|date=September 7, 2010}}</ref> In response to these new findings, Disney offered refunds to parents whose children did not see improvement,<ref>Tamar Lewin, , '']'', October 23, 2009</ref> even though ], CEO of ], demanded a retraction (of the press release) when a similarly unsupportive study was announced in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.babyeinstein.com/Common/Documents/BobIgerPressRelease.pdf |title=The Walt Disney Company demands retraction from the University of Washington for misleading press release |date=August 13, 2007 |publisher=Baby Einstein press release |author=] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928033923/http://www.babyeinstein.com/Common/Documents/BobIgerPressRelease.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://consumerist.com/consumer/take-it-back/walt-disney-demands-retraction-from-university-of-washington-over-baby-einstein-video-press-release-289008.php|title=Walt Disney Demands Retraction From University of Washington Over Baby Einstein Video Press Release|access-date=2007-08-13|work=The Consumerist|date=2007-08-13|author=Meg Marco|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235011/http://consumerist.com/consumer/take-it-back/walt-disney-demands-retraction-from-university-of-washington-over-baby-einstein-video-press-release-289008.php|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The 2007 study, based on telephone interviews with parents, had been published in the '']'' and resulted in a lawsuit by the company's founders due to widespread negative media coverage stemming from the article.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://ilabs.washington.edu/news/TIME_BrainierBaby_Jan_06.pdf|title=Want a Brainier Baby? Loading up on tapes, games and videos may not be a smart move|author=]|magazine=Time|date=2006-01-08|access-date=2007-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12437-educational-dvds-slow-infant-learning.html|title=Educational DVDs 'slow infant learning'|work=New Scientist|date=2007-08-07|author=Roxanne Khamsi}}</ref> The press release announcing the study explained that for each hour spent watching baby DVDs/videos, infants understood on average six to eight fewer words than infants who did not watch them.<ref name="Joel Schwartz">{{cite news|url=http://uwnews.washington.edu/ni/article.asp?articleID=35898 |author=Joel Schwartz |date=August 7, 2007 |title=Baby DVDs, videos may hinder, not help, infants' language development |work=University of Washington press release |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818223741/http://uwnews.washington.edu/ni/article.asp?articleID=35898 |archive-date=2007-08-18 }}</ref> The ] researchers Frederick Zimmerman, Dimitri Christakis, and ] had claimed that, among infants aged 8 to 16 months, exposure to "baby DVDs/videos" such as "Baby Einstein" and "Brainy Baby" was strongly ] with lower scores on a Communicative Development Inventory, a standard ] test.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Frederick J. Zimmerman |author2=Dimitri A. Christakis |author3=Andrew N. Meltzoff |name-list-style=amp |title=Associations between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children under Age 2 Years |journal=Journal of Pediatrics |date=2007-08-07 |url=http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site36/2007/0817/20070817_071817_Zimmermanetal__Associations_JPed07.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071 |volume=151 |pages=364–8 |pmid=17889070 |issue=4 |access-date=2007-08-19 |archive-date=2020-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030011709/http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site36/2007/0817/20070817_071817_zimmermanetal__associations_jped07.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Baby Einstein Company expressed "serious concerns about the many contradictions" in the study.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/13853586/detail.html | title= Study Targets Infant Videos Finds Too Much TV, Too Few Words | work= The Denver Channel | author= Theresa Marchetta | date= 2007-08-08 | access-date= 2007-08-13 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235429/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/13853586/detail.html | archive-date= 26 September 2007 | url-status= dead }}</ref> Although University of Washington President ] rejected Disney's claims,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.webwire.com/viewpressrel.asp?aid=45295|title=UW President rejects Disney complaints| work =University of Washington press release|date=2007-08-16}}</ref> in 2010, the university settled with the founders, paying out $175,000 in back legal fees and turned over the study's data to the Baby Einstein founders.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.denverpost.com/ci_18381772|title='Baby Einstein' DVD creators find redemption in documents suggesting negative study was flawed| work =The Denver Post|date=2011-06-30}}</ref>
Christakis, a pediatrician, said that he is "frequently asked by parents what the value of these products is," and stated, "The evidence is mounting that they are of no value and may in fact be harmful. Given what we now know, I believe the onus is on the manufacturers to prove their claims that watching these programs can positively impact children's cognitive development."<ref name="Joel Schwartz"/><!-- <ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-sci-babyeinstein7aug07,0,3932608.story?coll=la-home-center|title= Baby Einstein: a bright idea?|author=Amber Dance|accessdate=2007-08-07 |publisher=''The Los Angeles Times''|date= 2007-08-07}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://health.yahoo.com/news/178150;_ylt=AjrDv3d57zoQLUl3afGzMfFLvs8F|title=DVDs Don't Produce Brainy Babies|accessdate=2007-08-09|publisher=''Yahoo.com''|date=2007-08-09}}</ref> -->


In March 2008, the ''Journal of Pediatrics'' released a study by ] and the ]'s Center on Media and Child Health showing that television viewing is, “neither beneficial nor deleterious to child cognitive and language abilities” for children under 2, in a study that examined all television rather than just education DVDs for babies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/parenting/2009/03/tvs_not_the_big_bad_wolf.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011114037/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/parenting/2009/03/tvs_not_the_big_bad_wolf.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 11, 2009|date=March 2009|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=TV's Not the Big Bad Wolf}}</ref> In January 2010, the founders requested that a judge order the University of Washington to release records for the 2007 study, saying, “Given that other research studies have not shown the same outcomes, we would like the raw data and analytical methods from the Washington studies so we can audit their methodology, and perhaps duplicate the studies".<ref name=Refund>{{cite news|title='Baby Einstein' Founder Goes to Court|last=Lewin|first=Tamar|date=12 January 2010|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/13/education/13einstein.html}}</ref> In 2013, the original dataset was reanalyzed by independent scholars who concluded that it was safest to suggest that baby videos had minimal impact on language development and that linking baby videos to decreased language development was not well supported by the data.<ref>{{cite journal|author1 = Christopher J. Ferguson|author2 = M. B. Donnellan|title = Is the association between children's baby video viewing and poor language development robust? A reanalysis of Zimmerman, Christakis, and Meltzoff (2007)|journal = Developmental Psychology|year = 2013|volume = 50|issue = 1|pages = 129–137|url = http://www.christopherjferguson.com/Baby%20Videos.pdf|doi = 10.1037/a0033628|pmid = 23855259}}</ref>
In response to the negative media reports generated by the study and the press release, the Baby Einstein Company issued the following statement:
<blockquote>Baby Einstein is committed to maintaining the highest standards in the development of all of our products. After thoroughly analyzing the University of Washington study, we have serious concerns about the many contradictions between the study's conclusions and the content of its press release that created publicity which incorrectly suggests that this study focused on Baby Einstein products. In fact, the report concludes by stating “The analysis presented here is not a direct test of the developmental impact of viewing baby DVDs/videos. We did not test through experimental manipulation whether viewing baby DVDs/videos has a positive or negative impact on vocabulary acquisition.”<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/13853586/detail.html | title=Study Targets Infant Videos Finds Too Much TV, Too Few Words | publisher=TheDenverChannel.com | author=Theresa Marchetta| date=2007-08-08|accessdate=2007-08-13| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070926235429/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/13853586/detail.html| archivedate= 26 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref></blockquote>


==See also==
On August 13, 2007, ], president and CEO of the Walt Disney Company, the owner of Baby Einstein, demanded that the University of Washington retract the press release, asserting that the study itself doesn’t support the claims made by the University’s public relations department.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.babyeinstein.com/Common/Documents/BobIgerPressRelease.pdf|title=The Walt Disney Company demands retraction from the University of Washington for misleading press release| date=2007-08-13|publisher=Baby Einstein press release|author=Robert A. Iger|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://consumerist.com/consumer/take-it-back/walt-disney-demands-retraction-from-university-of-washington-over-baby-einstein-video-press-release-289008.php|title=Walt Disney Demands Retraction From University of Washington Over Baby Einstein Video Press Release|accessdate=2007-08-13|publisher=Consumerist.com|date=2007-08-13|author=Meg Marco}}</ref> On August 16, University of Washington President Mark A. Emmert rejected Disney's complaints, saying that the university stands behind the research and that the press release accurately reflected the paper's conclusions and the scientists' commentary.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://uwnews.washington.edu/ni/article.asp?articleID=36148 |title=UW President rejects Disney complaints|publisher=University of Washington press release|date=2007-08-16}}</ref>
* ]

In March 2008, The Journal of Pediatrics released a study by the researchers at the Center on Media and Child Health at Children’s Hospital in Boston, and Harvard University, showing that television viewing is, “neither beneficial nor deleterious to child cognitive and language abilities” for children under 2, although the study looked at all types of television, not specifically baby DVDs.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/parenting/2009/03/tvs_not_the_big_bad_wolf.html | work=The Washington Post | title=TV's Not the Big Bad Wolf}}</ref>

On September 4, 2009, the Walt Disney Company announced that it would offer a refund for all Baby Einstein DVDs/videos purchased between June 5, 2004 and September 4, 2009, extending a refund policy already in place.<ref name=Refund>{{cite news|title=No Einstein in Your Crib? Get a Refund|last=Lewin|first=Tamar|date=27 October 2009|work=The ]|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/24/education/24baby.html?_r=1&em}}</ref> The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, which had been pushing for a recall of the videos, sees the refund offer as "an acknowledgement by the leading baby video company that baby videos are not educational".

In January 2010, William and Julie Clark asked a judge to order the University of Washington to release records from the 2007 effects of television viewing study, citing, “Given that other research studies have not shown the same outcomes, we would like the raw data and analytical methods from the Washington studies so we can audit their methodology, and perhaps duplicate the studies, to see if the outcomes are the same."<ref name=Refund>{{cite news|title='Baby Einstein' Founder Goes to Court|last=Lewin|first=Tamar|date=12 January 2010|work=The ]|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/13/education/13einstein.html?_r=0}}</ref>

Soon after, The University of Washington settled with the Clarks, paying out nearly $200,000 in back legal fees.

In 2013 the original University of Washington dataset was reanalyzed by independent scholars. The scholars concluded that, depending upon how the statistics were manipulated, the dataset could have been used to suggest that baby videos increased, decreased or had no effect on language development. The reanalysis concluded that it was safest to suggest that baby videos had minimal impact on language development and that linking baby videos to decreased language development was not well supported by the data.<ref>{{cite journal|author=C. J. Ferguson, and M. B Donnellan| title=Is the association between children’s baby video viewing and poor language development robust? A reanalysis of Zimmerman, Christakis, and Meltzoff (2007)| journal=DeveopmentalPsychology| year= 2013| url=http://www.christopherjferguson.com/Baby%20Videos.pdf| |format=PDF}}</ref>

==Baby Einstein Videos==
* Baby Shakespeare (2000)
* Baby Mozart (Febuary 1, 1999)
* Baby Noah (2004)
* Baby Bach (April 14, 1999)
* Baby Van Gogh (2000)
* Baby Einstein Language Nursery (January 31, 1998)
* Baby Neptune (2002)
* Baby Beethoven (2002)
* Baby Dolittle Neighborhood Animals (2001)
* Baby Dolittle World Animals (2001)
* Baby Santa's Music Box (2000)
* Baby Newton (2002)
* Baby Galileo (2003)
*Numbers Nursery (2003)
*Baby Macdonald (2003)
*Baby Da Vinci (2004)
*Baby Monet (2005)
*Baby Wordsworth (2005)
*On the Go (2005)
*Meet the Orchestra (2005)
*Baby's First Moves (2006)
*Baby's Favorite Places (2006)
*My First Signs (2007)
*Lullaby Time (2007)
*Discovering Shapes (2007)
*Baby's First Sounds (2008)
*World Music (2009)
*World Animal Adventure (2009
*World of Rhythm (2011)
*Baby Lullaby (2010)
*World of Colors (2010)
*World of Poetry (2011)

== See also ==
* ]

Symphony #6, 1st Movement (Beethoven)

Divertimento K136, 1st Movement (Mozart)
Symphony #7, 3rd Movement (Beethoven)

BINGO (Traditional)

Divertimento K213, 3rd Movement (Mozart)
Symphony #1, 1st Movement (Bizet)

Messiah: Hallelujah Chorus Variation (Handel)
Piano Sonata K330, 3rd Movement (Mozart)
la Toupie From Jeux D' Enfants (Bizet)
Figaro Polka (Strauss)

Orchestral Suite #3 Gigue (Bach)

Symphony #6, 1st Movement (Beethoven)


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist|2}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Portal|Television}}
*
* *
* Disney's Official Baby Einstein DVD listing
*
===Additional reading===
*{{cite journal| url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12437-educational-dvds-slow-infant-learning.html| title=Educational DVDs 'slow infant learning'| journal=NewScientist.com|date=2007-08-07|author=Roxanne Khamsi}}
*{{cite journal|url=http://ilabs.washington.edu/news/TIME_BrainierBaby_Jan_06.pdf |title=Want a Brainier Baby? Loading up on tapes, games and videos may not be a smart move | author=]| journal=Time | date=2006-01-08 | accessdate=2007-08-14|format=PDF}}
* by Tamar Lewin, '']'', October 23, 2009

{{DisneyConsumer}}


{{Disney}}
]
{{Authority control}}
]
]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 01:29, 15 December 2024

American educational cartoon For the Baby Einstein videos, see List of Baby Einstein videos.
This article reads like a press release or a news article and may be largely based on routine coverage. Please help improve this article and add independent sources. (February 2022)
Baby Einstein
Logo used since 2018
IndustryEarly child entertainment
FoundedJune 4, 1996; 28 years ago (1996-06-04)
HeadquartersAtlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Key peopleJulie Aigner-Clark (founder)
OwnerJulie Aigner-Clark
Parent
WebsiteBabyEinstein.com

Baby Einstein, stylized as baby einstein, is an American franchise and line of multimedia products, including home video programs, CDs, books, flash cards, toys, and baby gear that specialize in interactive activities for infants and toddlers under three years old, created by Julie Aigner-Clark. The franchise is produced by The Baby Einstein Company (formerly known as I Think I Can Productions).

The videos show babies, toddlers and preschoolers under three years simple patterns, puppet shows, and familiar objects, such as everyday items, animals, and toys that are often accompanied by reorchestrated classical music written by composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, Johannes Brahms, George Frideric Handel, and many others, as well as some traditional rhymes.

The video series is known for its puppets, which are all animals who seldom speak, mostly communicating in simple sounds and their respective animal noises.

The Baby Einstein Company has also released a companion series aimed at preschoolers, called Little Einsteins, but in 2016, they received a new sister show called WeeSchool, which was also created by Clark.

Baby Einstein was introduced to the public in 1996, and remained a small company until Clark sold it to Disney. Between November 7, 2001, and October 13, 2013, Disney owned and operated the Baby Einstein brand. Starting on October 14, 2013, Kids II, Inc. owns and operates the Baby Einstein brand.

History

The Baby Einstein Company was founded in 1996 by former teacher and stay-at-home mom Julie Aigner-Clark at her home in suburban Alpharetta, Georgia, as I Think I Can Productions. According to an interview with Julie Dunn, she wanted her babies to be exposed to classical music, poetry, colors, shapes, and more. Aigner-Clark and her husband borrowed video equipment and invested $15,000 of their own savings to produce the initial product, a VHS cassette they named Baby Einstein and later sold as Language Nursery in 2002 to avoid confusion with the Baby Einstein brand as a whole.

The original video shows a variety of toys and visuals interspersed with music, stories, numbers, and words spoken in seven different languages: English, French, Spanish, Japanese, German, Hebrew, and Russian. Eventually, the video was marketed across the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia. It even won the 1997 Parenting Magazine award for Best Video of the Year. Other videos followed, some featuring the Clarks' two daughters, Aspen and Sierra, as well as other children.

It quickly became a multimillion-dollar franchise; its revenue grew from $1 million in 1998 to $25 million in 2001. Julie Aigner-Clark renamed the company as Aigner-Clark Productions in 1998, then the Baby Einstein Company the following year, and on February 10, 2000, Artisan Entertainment announced they had acquired a minority stake in the company in exchange for a North American home video distribution agreement under the FHE Kids sub-label of Family Home Entertainment.

On November 6, 2001, The Walt Disney Company announced they had acquired The Baby Einstein Company for an undisclosed amount. Julie Aigner-Clark stepped down from directing Baby Einstein videos in 2002. Disney rereleased the Baby Einstein videos previously distributed by FHE Kids, then produced re-edited versions of the Aigner-Clark videos in 2004.

The concept and popularity of Baby Einstein expanded as a Disney property. Educational toys and additional videos were developed. Baby Einstein was also the source of inspiration for a preschool-aimed television series called Little Einsteins, created by the Disney-owned Baby Einstein Company and animated by Curious Pictures. The series began with a direct-to-video film in August 2005, with regular episodes airing on Playhouse Disney starting October of that year.

The success of Baby Einstein was estimated to be nearly $400 million based on revenues. Julie was named "Entrepreneur of the Year" and won various awards, and one in three U.S. households with babies were found to own at least one Baby Einstein product. It received positive media and Aigner-Clark appeared on the Oprah Winfrey Show, Good Morning America, The Today Show, and USA Today, among others. President George W. Bush mentioned the Baby Einstein Company in his 2007 State of the Union address, which Aigner-Clark was invited to attend.

In 2008, Clark, along with actress Jennifer Garner, hosted a tenth anniversary party for Baby Einstein. Clark had also announced plans to launch a toddler brand called Einstein Pals, including a line of videos, but the project has been abandoned since 2011.

As a result of Baby Einstein being named after Albert Einstein, royalties had to be paid to Corbis which compensates the Einstein estate. This made Einstein one of the top five earning dead celebrities.

On October 14, 2013, The Walt Disney Company announced they had sold the Baby Einstein brand to Kids II, Inc., a longtime licensee of the property.

Controversy

FTC complaint

In May 2006, the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood (CCFC) filed a complaint with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) against the Baby Einstein Company and similar companies for false advertising. The CCFC alleged false advertising based on an American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation that children under two should be discouraged from watching television. It also cited studies showing that only 6% of parents were aware of that recommendation, whereas 49% thought educational videos were very important in children's intellectual development. In December 2007, the FTC closed the complaint, noting that some of the CCFC's claims did not raise issues under the FTC's substantiation rules. The FTC also considered the redesign of the Baby Einstein website, which removed certain product testimonials and product descriptions, as well as the company's promise to make sure that advertising claims about products' educational and developmental value would be properly substantiated.

Language development

A 2010 study published in Psychological Science demonstrated that children who viewed the videos regularly for one month, with or without their parents, "showed no greater understanding of words from the program than kids who never saw it". On the other hand, children who were taught by their parents improved the most; researchers speculated that this was probably because children learn best "through meaningful gestures and interactive communication with parents". In response to these new findings, Disney offered refunds to parents whose children did not see improvement, even though Bob Iger, CEO of the Walt Disney Company, demanded a retraction (of the press release) when a similarly unsupportive study was announced in 2007.

The 2007 study, based on telephone interviews with parents, had been published in the Journal of Pediatrics and resulted in a lawsuit by the company's founders due to widespread negative media coverage stemming from the article. The press release announcing the study explained that for each hour spent watching baby DVDs/videos, infants understood on average six to eight fewer words than infants who did not watch them. The University of Washington researchers Frederick Zimmerman, Dimitri Christakis, and Andrew Meltzoff had claimed that, among infants aged 8 to 16 months, exposure to "baby DVDs/videos" such as "Baby Einstein" and "Brainy Baby" was strongly associated with lower scores on a Communicative Development Inventory, a standard language development test. The Baby Einstein Company expressed "serious concerns about the many contradictions" in the study. Although University of Washington President Mark Emmert rejected Disney's claims, in 2010, the university settled with the founders, paying out $175,000 in back legal fees and turned over the study's data to the Baby Einstein founders.

In March 2008, the Journal of Pediatrics released a study by Harvard University and the Boston Children's Hospital's Center on Media and Child Health showing that television viewing is, “neither beneficial nor deleterious to child cognitive and language abilities” for children under 2, in a study that examined all television rather than just education DVDs for babies. In January 2010, the founders requested that a judge order the University of Washington to release records for the 2007 study, saying, “Given that other research studies have not shown the same outcomes, we would like the raw data and analytical methods from the Washington studies so we can audit their methodology, and perhaps duplicate the studies". In 2013, the original dataset was reanalyzed by independent scholars who concluded that it was safest to suggest that baby videos had minimal impact on language development and that linking baby videos to decreased language development was not well supported by the data.

See also

References

  1. "The Baby Einstein Company Grows Beyond Video Aisle and into Preschool Television" (Press release).
  2. VERRIER, RICHARD (2001-11-07). "Disney Buys Toy Maker, Publisher Baby Einstein". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
  3. Conrad Gothie, Sarah (December 2006). "'Great Minds Start Little': Unpacking the Baby Einstein Phenomenon": 10. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. Dunn, Julie. "Bringing up Baby Einstein." New York Times, 11 Nov. 2001, p. BU. Gale Academic OneFile,
  5. "80 Percent of Parents Feel Children Under the Age of Five Should Be Exposed to Classical Music." PR Newswire, 10 Aug. 2000, p. 0870. Gale Academic OneFile
  6. Eric Hubler (March 12, 1999). "Baby videos spell big money Mom turns 'Einstein' into million-dollar enterprise". Denver Post.
  7. Daisy Whitney (May 30, 2001). "Nurturing a 'Baby' boom Littleton woman's line of videos, CDs a hit with children". Denver Post.
  8. "Artisan Entertainment Acquires Rights to Distribute Branded Developmental Series From The Baby Einstein Company". Business Wire. February 10, 2000.
  9. "The Walt Disney Company Acquires the Baby Einstein Company". 6 November 2001.
  10. "Baby Einstein(TM) Founder Julie Clark and Jennifer Garner Host 10th Anniversary Celebration - Business Wire". businesswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  11. "Apply for a Trademark. Search a Trademark". trademarkia.com. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  12. "Cobain is the new Elvis (Most earning dead celebrities)". Sydney Morning Herald. 2006-10-25. Archived from the original on 5 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  13. License! Global (October 14, 2013). "Kids II Purchases Baby Einstein". License! Global.
  14. "Baby Einstein & Brainy Baby FTC Complaint" Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine, Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood website, retrieved Dec. 15, 2008
  15. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Public Education (February 2001). "Children, Adolescents, and Television (policy statement)". Pediatrics. 107 (2): 423–426. doi:10.1542/peds.107.2.423. PMID 11158483.
  16. Josh Golin (January 2007). "Putting the Book Back in Book Fair". Mothering. Archived from the original on 2007-08-12. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  17. Michelle M. Garrison & Dimitri A. Christakis. "New Report on Educational Media for Babies, Toddlers, and Preschoolers". Kaiser Family Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  18. ^ "Federal Trade Commission Closing Letter" to counsel for the Baby Einstein Company, December 5, 2007, retrieved July 9, 2008
  19. Bruce Bower (September 3, 2010). "DVDs don't turn toddlers into vocabulary Einsteins". ScienceNews. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  20. Maia Szalavitz (September 7, 2010). "'Like Crack for Babies': Kids Love Baby Einstein, But They Don't Learn From It". Time.
  21. Tamar Lewin, "No Einstein in Your Crib? Get a Refund", The New York Times, October 23, 2009
  22. Robert A. Iger (August 13, 2007). "The Walt Disney Company demands retraction from the University of Washington for misleading press release" (PDF). Baby Einstein press release. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28.
  23. Meg Marco (2007-08-13). "Walt Disney Demands Retraction From University of Washington Over Baby Einstein Video Press Release". The Consumerist. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  24. Pamela Paul (2006-01-08). "Want a Brainier Baby? Loading up on tapes, games and videos may not be a smart move" (PDF). Time. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  25. Roxanne Khamsi (2007-08-07). "Educational DVDs 'slow infant learning'". New Scientist.
  26. Joel Schwartz (August 7, 2007). "Baby DVDs, videos may hinder, not help, infants' language development". University of Washington press release. Archived from the original on 2007-08-18.
  27. Frederick J. Zimmerman; Dimitri A. Christakis & Andrew N. Meltzoff (2007-08-07). "Associations between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children under Age 2 Years" (PDF). Journal of Pediatrics. 151 (4): 364–8. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071. PMID 17889070. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  28. Theresa Marchetta (2007-08-08). "Study Targets Infant Videos Finds Too Much TV, Too Few Words". The Denver Channel. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  29. "UW President rejects Disney complaints". University of Washington press release. 2007-08-16.
  30. "'Baby Einstein' DVD creators find redemption in documents suggesting negative study was flawed". The Denver Post. 2011-06-30.
  31. "TV's Not the Big Bad Wolf". The Washington Post. March 2009. Archived from the original on October 11, 2009.
  32. Lewin, Tamar (12 January 2010). "'Baby Einstein' Founder Goes to Court". The New York Times.
  33. Christopher J. Ferguson; M. B. Donnellan (2013). "Is the association between children's baby video viewing and poor language development robust? A reanalysis of Zimmerman, Christakis, and Meltzoff (2007)" (PDF). Developmental Psychology. 50 (1): 129–137. doi:10.1037/a0033628. PMID 23855259.

External links

The Walt Disney Company
Company
officials
Key
Board of
directors
Entertainment
Studios
General
Entertainment
Disney Branded
Television
ABC Entertainment
Group
FX Networks
National Geographic
Global Networks
Production studios
Other units
Streaming
Distribution
International
ABC TV Stations
Other assets
Experiences
Parks and
resorts
Experiences
Consumer
Products
ESPN Inc. (80%)
Other assets
Former/defunct
units and
predecessors
Related
Categories: