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{{short description|none}}
There are a number of ] operating systems, the most notable being ], ], and ]. They are descended, directly or indirectly, from some version of the original BSD operating system. Most of them are available to download free of charge under the ], a notable exception being ]. BSD ] are generally ]. Most BSD operating systems develop the kernel and ] programs together in a single source repository.
There are a number of ] ]s based on or descended from the ] (BSD) series of ] variant options. The three most notable descendants in current use are ], ], and ], which are all derived from ] and ]-Lite, by various routes. Both NetBSD and FreeBSD started life in 1993, initially derived from 386BSD, but in 1994 migrated to a 4.4BSD-Lite ]. OpenBSD was ] from NetBSD in 1995. Other notable derivatives include ], which was forked from FreeBSD 4.8.


Most of the current BSD operating systems are ] and available for download, free of charge, under the ]. They also generally use a ] architecture, apart from DragonFly BSD which feature ]s. The various open source BSD projects generally develop the kernel and ] programs and libraries together, the source code being managed using a single central source repository.
== Names, logos, and slogans ==


In the past, BSD was also used as a basis for several proprietary versions of UNIX, such as ]'s ], ]'s ], ]'s ], ]'s ] and OSF/1 AXP (which became the now discontinued ]).
]


==Aims and philosophies==
]


===FreeBSD===
]
] aims to make an operating system usable for any purpose.<ref>{{cite web | year = 1995–2006 | url = http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/introduction.html#FREEBSD-GOALS | title = Chapter 1 Introduction: 1.2. – What is the goal of the FreeBSD Project? | work = Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 4.X, 5.X, and 6.X | publisher = The FreeBSD Documentation Project | access-date = 2006-04-22}}</ref> It is intended to run a wide variety of applications, be easy to use, contain cutting edge features, and be highly scalable, including for network servers with very high loads.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.freebsd.org/about.html | title = About FreeBSD | access-date = 2006-10-14 | date = 2006-10-12 | publisher = The FreeBSD Project
}}</ref> FreeBSD is free software, and the project prefers the ]. However, they sometimes accept ]s (NDAs) and include a limited number of nonfree ] (HAL) modules for specific device drivers in their source tree, to support the hardware of companies who do not provide purely libre drivers (such as HALs to program ]s so that vendors do not share their nonfree algorithms).


To maintain a high level of quality and provide good support for "production quality ] (COTS) workstation, server, and high-end embedded systems", FreeBSD focuses on a narrow set of architectures.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/archs.html#AEN1248 | title = Support for Multiple Architectures: Statement of General Intent | access-date = 2006-10-14 | work = Committer's Guide | publisher = The FreeBSD Documentation Project
The names of FreeBSD and OpenBSD refer to the fact that they are free, as in you don't have to pay to download them, and open source. The name of NetBSD is a tribute to the internet, which brought the developers together.
| quote=The FreeBSD Project targets "production quality commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) workstation, server, and high-end embedded systems".}}</ref> A significant focus of development since 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.informatica.co.cr/unix-scalability/research/2000/0619.html |title=Destabilization due to SMP development |access-date=27 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203021917/http://www.informatica.co.cr/unix-scalability/research/2000/0619.html |archive-date=3 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> has been fine-grained locking and ] (SMP) scalability. From 2007 on, most of the kernel was fine-locked and scaling improvements started to be seen.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://people.freebsd.org/~jhb/papers/smp/slides.pdf |title=How SMPng Works and Why It Doesn't Work The Way You Think |first=John |last=Baldwin |date=February 6, 2013}}</ref> Other recent work includes ] security functionality, such as mandatory access control and security event audit support.


'''Derivatives:'''
The original BSD mascot is the ], named after a type of software common in ] operating systems, which FreeBSD still retains (see ).


:*''']''' – a ] (NAS) operating system based on ].
The NetBSD flag is based on a ] photograph, ]. The original logo included a number of daemons rasing the flag up.
:*'''FuryBSD''' – a ]-based operating system, founded after Project Trident decided to build on ] instead of ]. Discontinued in October 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=FuryBSD.org capture from 1st Nov 2020|url=https://www.furybsd.org/|publisher=FuryBSD|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101021902/https://www.furybsd.org/|access-date=1 November 2020|archive-date=2020-11-01}}</ref>
:*''']''' – a ]-based operating system with OpenRC and OS packages.
:*''']''' – a ]-based OS with ] based Desktop Environment
:*''']''' – a ]-based ] operating system distributed with ] hardware.
:*'''NomadBSD''' – a persistent live system for USB flash drives, based on ].
:*''']''' – virtual hosting platform/appliance based on ].
:*''']''' – an open source firewall/router computer software distribution based on ].
:*''']''' – an open source firewall/router computer software distribution based on ].
:*''']''' – BSD Router Project: Open Source Router Distribution based on ].
:*''']''' – HardenedBSD is a security-enhanced fork of ].
:*'''StarBSD''' – is a Unix-like, server-oriented operating system based on FreeBSD for Mission-Critical Enterprise Environment.
:*'''] (previously PC-BSD)''' – a ] based ], previously a ]. The project was officially discontinued in May 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=TrueOS Discontinuation|url=https://www.truenas.com/TrueOS-Discontinuation/|publisher=TrueOS|access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref>
:*''']''' – a network-attached storage (NAS) server software with a dedicated management web interface.
:*''']''' – a GUI-focused system with a ] interface.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hellosystem.github.io/docs/ |website=helloSystem |access-date=16 October 2021|title=Hello — helloSystem documentation }}</ref>
:*'''CheriBSD''' – adapted to support CHERI-MIPS, CHERI-RISC-V, and Arm Morello ISAs.<ref>{{cite web|title=CheriBSD|url=https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/security/ctsrd/cheri/cheribsd.html/|publisher=University of Cambridge|access-date=19 April 2022}}</ref>


===NetBSD===
The OpenBSD mascot (see ), ], is said to be a ], but looks more like a ]. It is a reference to the puffer/blow/porcupinefish's strong defensive capabilities and to the ] cryptography algorithm. OpenBSD also has a number of other slogans including "Secure by default.", and "Power. Security. Flexibility." OpenBSD has released with every release since 3.0.
] aims to provide a freely redistributable operating system that professionals, hobbyists, and researchers can use in any manner they wish. The main focus is ], through the use of clear distinctions between machine-dependent and machine-independent code. It runs on a wide variety of 32-bit and 64-bit processor architectures and hardware platforms, and is intended to interoperate well with other operating systems. NetBSD places emphasis on correct design, well-written code, stability, and efficiency, where practical, close compliance with open API and protocol standards is also aimed for. In June 2008, the NetBSD Foundation moved to a two-clause BSD license, citing changes at UCB and industry applicability.<ref>{{cite web | date = 2006-01-08 | url = http://www.netbsd.org/Misc/about.html | title = About the NetBSD Project – What is the NetBSD project? | publisher = The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. | access-date = 2006-04-22}}</ref> ] is a project spawned by NetBSD.


'''Derivatives:'''
== Philosophies ==


*'''OS108''' – system with graphical desktop environment based on ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://os108.org/ |title=A fast, open and Secure desktop Operating System based on NetBSD |date=2020-11-13 |access-date=2021-08-02}}</ref>
FreeBSD strives to be usable for any purposes. The FreeBSD team wants FreeBSD to run a wide variety of applications, be easy to use, contain cutting edge features, and be able to handle heavy-load servers. FreeBSD is, of course, free and open source, and they prefer the BSD license. However, they do sometimes accept NDAs (]) and include closed-source binaries in their source tree in order to support the hardware of companies who prefer not to publicly provide good documentation about their products.


===OpenBSD===
OpenBSD focuses on security, correctness, and being as free as possible. Security includes full disclosure (hoping friendly people will find security holes before those who would exploit them), code audits (thoroughly checking code for bugs and formatting, and fixing things regardless of whether they are proven security holes), various security technologies/methods, disabling all non-essential services ("secure by default"), and integrated ] (which is possible due to Canadian export laws). As far as freeness goes, OpenBSD prefers a BSD or ISC license, with ] acceptable as a last recourse (as with ]), and NDAs never acceptable. This has lead to a number of projects being founded by OpenBSD to replaces less free alternatives, including ] and ], as well as campaigns to get hardware vendors to release better documentation. In keeping with the philosophy of its parent, NetBSD, OpenBSD also strives to run on a wide variety of hardware.
] is a security-focused BSD known for its developers' insistence on extensive, ongoing ]ing for security and correct functionality, a "secure by default" philosophy, good documentation, and adherence to strictly ] licensing. The system incorporates ] that are absent or optional in other versions of BSD. The OpenBSD policy on openness extends to hardware documentation and drivers, since without these, there can be no trust in the correct operation of the kernel and its security, and vendor ]s would be hard to resolve.<ref name="deraadtopencon06">{{cite web
|url = http://www.openbsd.org/papers/opencon06-docs/index.html
|title = Presentation at OpenCON
|last = de Raadt
|first = Theo
|author-link= Theo de Raadt
|website = OpenBSD
|date = 5 December 2006 <!-- date from CVS log -->
|access-date = 13 December 2011
}}</ref>


OpenBSD emphasizes very high standards in all areas. Security policies include disabling all non-essential services and having sane initial settings; and integrated ] (originally made easier due to relaxed Canadian export laws relative to the United States), ] of all security flaws discovered; thoroughly ] code for bugs and security issues; various security features, including the ] page protection technology and heavy use of randomization to mitigate attacks. Coding approaches include an emphasis on searching for similar issues throughout the ] if any code issue is identified. Concerning software freedom, OpenBSD prefers the ] or ], with the ] acceptable only for existing software which is impractical to replace, such as the ]. NDAs are never considered acceptable. In common with its parent, NetBSD, OpenBSD strives to run on a wide variety of hardware.<ref>{{cite web | date = 2005-10-12 | url = http://www.openbsd.org/goals.html | title = OpenBSD Project Goals | publisher = OpenBSD | access-date = 2006-04-22}}</ref> Where licenses conflict with OpenBSD's philosophy, the OpenBSD team has re-implemented major pieces of software from scratch, which have often become the standard used within other versions of BSD. Examples include the ] ], new ] techniques used to safeguard tools such as ] and ], much of the ] codebase, and replacing GPL licensed tools such as ], ] and ] with ] or ] licensed equivalents.
NetBSD strives to be highly portable, running on many hardware systems, and to interoperate well with other systems. NetBSD also prefers the NetBSD license, wanting to avoid encumbering licenses when possible. NetBSD also seeks to be well-designed, stable, and fast, and to conform to open standards as much as they can.


OpenBSD prominently notes the success of its security approach on its website home page. {{As of|2024|July}}, only two vulnerabilities have ever been found in its default install (an ] vulnerability found in 2002, and a remote network vulnerability found in 2007) in a period of almost 22 years. According to OpenBSD expert Michael W. Lucas, OpenBSD "is widely regarded as the most secure operating system available anywhere, under any licensing terms."<ref>{{cite book
== Tables ==
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WAYvDwAAQBAJ
| last = Lucas
| first = Michael W.
| date = 2013
| title = Absolute OpenBSD: Unix for the practical paranoid
| edition = 2nd
| publisher = ]
| location = San Francisco
| language = en
| isbn = 978-1-59327-476-4
| page = xxix
}}</ref>


OpenBSD has spawned numerous child projects such as ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Many of these are designed to replace restricted alternatives.
=== General info ===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: 100%;"
'''Derivatives:'''
|-

!
*'''LibertyBSD''' – Aimed to be a 'deblobbed' version of OpenBSD.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://libertybsd.net/ |title=Liberty BSD |work=libertybsd.net |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180830222805/https://libertybsd.net/ |archive-date=August 30, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> There are a number of reasons as to why blobs can be problematic, according to the project.<ref name="kerneltrap/6497">{{cite web |url=http://kerneltrap.org/node/6497 |first=Jeremy |last=Andrews |title=Interview with Jonathan Gray and Damien Bergamini |access-date=2008-01-06 |date=2006-04-19 |publisher=kerneltrap.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211025952/http://kerneltrap.org/node/6497 |archive-date=2007-12-11 }}</ref> LibertyBSD began going through the process to become ] ] certified, but ultimately never was accepted.<ref>. ''LibertyBSD''. Retrieved 7 September 2021.</ref> LibertyBSD is no longer actively developed, and the project page directs people instead to ].<ref>{{cite web|last=Levesque|first=Jaidyn|title=LibertyBSD|url=https://libertybsd.net|access-date=2021-09-07|website=LibertyBSD}}</ref>
! Developer
*'''Isotop''',<ref>{{Cite web |last=pavroo |title=Isotop |url=https://archiveos.org/isotop/ |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=ArchiveOS |date=17 May 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> a French project<ref>{{Cite web |title=3hg {{!}} isotop - index |url=https://www.3hg.fr/Isos/isotop/ |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=www.3hg.fr |archive-date=2022-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401081201/https://www.3hg.fr/Isos/isotop/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> aiming to adapt OpenBSD to desktops and laptops,<ref>{{Cite web |title=DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD. |url=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20191007#mazon |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=distrowatch.com}}</ref> using ] then ]
! First public release

! Based on
===DragonFly BSD===
! Latest stable version (release date)
] aims to be inherently easy to understand and develop for ] infrastructures. The main goal of the project, forked from FreeBSD 4.8, is to radically change the kernel architecture, introducing ]-like ] which will enhance ] and ] on ] (SMP) platforms while also being applicable to ] and ] systems. The long-term goal is to provide a transparent ] in clustered environments. DragonFly BSD originally supported both the ] and ] platforms, however support for IA-32 was dropped in version 4.0.<ref name="dragonflyfaq2006">{{cite web | url = http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/FAQ.cgi | title = DragonFly Frequently Asked Questions | publisher = The DragonFly BSD Project | access-date = 2006-07-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060615220241/http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/FAQ.cgi |archive-date = 2006-06-15}}</ref><ref name="dragonflyfaq">{{cite web | url = http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/faq/FAQ-English/ | title = DragonFlyBSD: FAQ-English | publisher = The DragonFly BSD Project | access-date = 2014-12-24}}</ref> Matthew Dillon, the founder of DragonFly BSD, believes supporting fewer platforms makes it easier for a project to do a proper, ground-up ] implementation.<ref>{{cite web | last = Biancuzzi | first = Federico | date = 2004-07-08 | url = http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/bsd/2004/07/08/dragonfly_bsd_interview.html?page=1 | title = Behind DragonFly BSD ''An Interview with the developers.'' | page = 3 | publisher = O’Reilly Media, Inc. | access-date = 2006-04-29 | archive-date = 2012-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120806135735/http://onlamp.com/pub/a/bsd/2004/07/08/dragonfly_bsd_interview.html?page=1 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
! Cost (])

! Preferred ]
==Popularity==
! Target system type
] showing the proportion of users of each ] variant from a BSD usage survey from September 2005.<ref name="bsdcsurvey"/>{{needs update inline|date=November 2023}}]]
In September 2005, the BSD Certification Group, after advertising on a number of mailing lists, surveyed 4,330 BSD users, 3,958 of whom took the survey in English, to assess the relative popularity of the various BSD operating systems. About 77% of respondents used FreeBSD, 33% used OpenBSD, 16% used NetBSD, 2.6% used Dragonfly, and 6.6% used other (potentially non-BSD) systems. Other languages offered were Brazilian and European Portuguese, German, Italian, and Polish. Note that there was no control group or pre-screening of the survey takers. Those who checked "Other" were asked to specify that operating system.<ref name="bsdcsurvey">; ] of . Retrieved on 2012-09-16.</ref>

Because survey takers were permitted to select more than one answer, the percentages shown in the graph, which are out of the number survey of participants, add up to greater than 100%. If a survey taker filled in more than one choice for "other", this is still only counted as one vote for other on this chart.<ref name="bsdcsurvey" />

Another attempt to profile worldwide BSD usage is the *BSDstats Project, whose primary goal is to demonstrate to hardware vendors the penetration of BSD and viability of hardware drivers for the operating system. The project collects data monthly from any BSD system administrators willing to participate, and currently records the BSD market share of participating FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, DragonflyBSD, Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, TrueOS, and MirBSD systems.<ref name="bsdstats">{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230930003331/https://bsdstats.org/ | archive-date=30 September 2023| url = http://www.bsdstats.org | title = *BSD Usage Statistics | access-date = 2006-09-30 | publisher = The *BSD Stats Project}}</ref>

In 2020, a new independent project was introduced to collect statistics with the goal of significantly increasing the number of observed parameters.<ref name="bsdhw">{{cite web | url = https://github.com/bsdhw/Trends | title = BSD Hardware Trends | access-date = 2020-06-03 | publisher = BSD Hardware Project}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bsd-hardware.info/|title=Hardware for BSD| access-date=12 December 2024|publisher = BSD Hardware Project}}</ref>

], well known in the Linux community and often used as a rough guide to free operating system popularity, publishes page hits for each of the Linux distributions and other operating systems it covers. As of 27 March 2020, using a data span of the last six months it placed FreeBSD in 21st place with 452 hits per day, GhostBSD in 51st place with 243 hits, TrueOS in 54th place with 182 hits per day, DragonflyBSD in 75th place with 180 hits, OpenBSD in 80th place with 169 hits per day and NetBSD in 109th place with 105 hits per day.<ref name="Distrowatch Rankings">{{cite web | year = 2001–2011 | url = http://distrowatch.com/ | title = DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. | publisher = DistroWatch.com | access-date = 2016-09-04}}</ref>

==Names, logos, slogans==
The names FreeBSD and OpenBSD are references to software freedom: both in cost and ].<ref name="freebsdname">{{cite web | year = 1995–2006 | url = http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/introduction.html#WHY-CALLED-FREEBSD | title = Chapter 1 Introduction – Why is it called FreeBSD? | work = Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 4.X, 5.X, and 6.X | publisher = The FreeBSD Documentation Project | access-date = 2006-06-11}}</ref>
NetBSD's name is a tribute to the ], which brought the original developers together.<ref>
{{cite web | year = 1994–2006 | url = http://www.netbsd.org/Misc/about.html#name | title = About the NetBSD Project – Why the name? | publisher = The NetBSD Foundation | access-date = 2006-12-06}}</ref>

The first BSD mascot was the ], named after a common type of ] software program, a '']''. FreeBSD still uses the image, a red cartoon ] named Beastie, wielding a ], as its mascot today. In 2005, after a competition, a stylized version of Beastie's head designed and drawn by Anton Gural was chosen as the FreeBSD logo.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060413195606/http://logo-contest.freebsd.org/ |date=2006-04-13 }}. The FreeBSD Project. Competition ended 2005-06-30. Retrieved on 2006-04-22.</ref> The FreeBSD slogan is "The Power to Serve."

The NetBSD flag, designed in 2004 by Grant Bissett, is inspired by the original NetBSD logo,<ref>{{cite web | last = Mueller | first = Shawn | year = 1994 | url = http://www.netbsd.org/images/NetBSD-old.jpg | title = Original NetBSD Logo | publisher = The NetBSD Foundation | access-date = 2006-04-22 | format = ]}} Also see .</ref> designed in 1994 by Shawn Mueller, portraying a number of BSD daemons raising a flag on top of a mound of computer equipment. This was based on a ] photograph, ]. The Board of Directors of The NetBSD Foundation believed this was too complicated, too hard to reproduce and had negative cultural ramifications and was thus not a suitable image for NetBSD in the corporate world. The new, simpler flag design replaced this.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mail-index.netbsd.org/netbsd-advocacy/2004/01/14/0001.html | title = NetBSD logo design competition | access-date = 2006-04-22 | last = Mewburn | first = Luke | date = 2004-01-14 | publisher = Netbsd-advocacy mailing list}}<br />'''Linked to from:'''<br />
{{cite web | url = http://www.netbsd.org/Changes/2004.html#logo-contest | title = Changes and NetBSD News in 2004 – NetBSD Logo Design Contest | access-date = 2006-10-14 | date = 2004-01-13 | publisher = The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.}}<br />
'''Also see:'''<br />
{{cite web | url = http://www.netbsd.org/Foundation/press/new-logo.html | title = The NetBSD Foundation Press Release: Announcement of New Logo – NetBSD has a new logo! | access-date = 2006-04-22 | date = 2004-10-30 | publisher = The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.}}</ref> The NetBSD slogan is "Of course it runs NetBSD", referring to the operating system's portability.

Originally, OpenBSD used the BSD daemon as a mascot, sometimes with an added ] as a distinguishing mark, but OpenBSD later replaced its BSD daemon with ]. Although Puffy is usually referred to as a ], the spikes on the cartoon images give him a closer likeness to the ]. The logo is a reference to the fish's defensive capabilities and to the ] cryptography algorithm used in OpenSSH. OpenBSD also has a number of slogans including "Secure by default", which was used in the first OpenBSD song, "E-railed", and "Free, Functional & Secure",<ref name="puffy39">{{cite web | url = http://www.openbsd.org/images/puffy39.jpg | title = OpenBSD 3.9 – Free, Functional & Secure | format = JPEG | publisher = OpenBSD | access-date = 2006-07-01}}</ref> and OpenBSD has released at least one original song with every release since 3.0.<ref>{{cite web | date = 2006-04-15 | url = http://www.openbsd.org/lyrics.html | title = OpenBSD release song lyrics | publisher = OpenBSD | access-date = 2006-04-22}}</ref>

The DragonFly BSD logo, designed by Joe Angrisano, is a ] named Fred.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dragonflybsd.org/about/images.shtml |title=official DragonFlyBSD artwork |access-date=2007-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225035130/http://www.dragonflybsd.org/about/images.shtml |archive-date=2008-12-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A number of unofficial logos<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-03-28 |url=http://wiki.dragonflybsd.org/index.php/DragonFly_Artwork |title=DFWiki – DragonFly Artwork |publisher=The DragonFlyBSD Project |access-date=2006-04-22 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050410235917/http://wiki.dragonflybsd.org/index.php/DragonFly_Artwork |archive-date=2005-04-10}}</ref> by various authors also show the dragonfly or stylized versions of it. DragonFly BSD considers itself to be "the logical continuation of the FreeBSD 4.x series."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dragonflybsd.org/about/history.cgi | title = The History of DragonFly | publisher = The DragonFly BSD Project | access-date = 2006-04-22 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060414233820/http://www.dragonflybsd.org/about/history.cgi |archive-date = 2006-04-14}}</ref> FireflyBSD has a similar logo, a firefly, showing its close relationship to DragonFly BSD. In fact, the FireflyBSD website states that proceeds from sales will go to the development of DragonFly BSD, suggesting that the two may in fact be very closely related.

]'s slogan is "For the little BSD in all of us," and its logo includes a version of FreeBSD's Beastie as a child,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://people.freebsd.org/~picobsd/images/picobsdbanner.gif | title = PicoBSD Banner – For the little BSD in all of us | format = ] | publisher = The FreeBSD Project | access-date = 2006-04-22 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060503041952/http://people.freebsd.org/~picobsd/images/picobsdbanner.gif |archive-date = 2006-05-03}}</ref> showing its close connection to FreeBSD, and the minimal amount of code needed to run as a ].

A number of BSD OSes use stylized version of their respective names for logos. This includes TrueOS, GhostBSD, DesktopBSD, ClosedBSD,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.closedbsd.org/images/logo.jpg | title = ClosedBSD logo
| format = JPEG | access-date = 2006-10-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050306153339/http://www.closedbsd.org/images/logo.jpg
| archive-date=2005-03-06}} Original last retrieved on 2006-04-22.</ref> and ].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.microbsd.net/images/logo.png | title = MicroBSD logo – The small secure unix like OS | format = PNG | access-date = 2006-04-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060425092758/http://www.microbsd.net/images/logo.png | archive-date = 2006-04-25 | url-status = dead }}</ref> TrueOS's slogan is "Personal computing, served up BSD style!", GhostBSD's "A simple, secure BSD served on a Desktop." DesktopBSD's "A Step Towards BSD on the Desktop." MicroBSD's slogan is "The small secure unix like OS."

]'s site collects a variety of BSD mascots and ], the ] mascot, together, illustrating the project's aim of supporting both BSD and Linux kernels. MirOS's slogan is "a wonderful operating system for a world of peace."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mirbsd.mirsolutions.de/ | title = MirOS/MirPorts: a wonderful operating system for a world of peace | publisher = MirOS Project | access-date = 2006-04-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060412181907/http://mirbsd.mirsolutions.de/ | archive-date = 2006-04-12 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
{{clear}}

==General information==
<!-- No article? Discontinued? DO NOT LIST IT! -->
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: auto;"
|+Overview of BSD versions
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" |Name
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Primary developers
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | First public release
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Based on
! scope="col" colspan="2" | Latest stable version
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Cost (])
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Preferred ]
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Purpose
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Short description
|-
! scope="col" | Version
! scope="col" | Release Date
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| The ] Project | The ] Project
| December 1993 | 1993-12-01
| ] | ], ]-Lite
| 14
| 6.0 (November 3, 2005)
| 2023-11-20<ref>{{Cite web |title=FreeBSD 14-RELEASE Announcement |url=https://www.freebsd.org/releases/14.0R/announce/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=The FreeBSD Project |language=en}}</ref>
| {{Free}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ]
| ], ], ]
| ], ], ], ]
| Aims to be usable for any purpose.
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| The ] Project | The ] Project
| 1996-09-01
| October 1995
| ] 1.0 | ]
| 7.5
| 3.8 (November 1, 2005)
| 2024-04-05<ref>{{cite web |title=OpenBSD 7.5 |url=https://www.openbsd.org/75.html |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=OpenBSD}}</ref>
| {{Free}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ],
| ]
| ], ], ], ]
| ], ], ], ]
| Aims for maximum correctness in code, bringing simplicity and security.
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| The ] Project | The ] Project
| May 1993 | 1993-04-19
| ] | ], ]-Lite
| 10.0
| 3.0 (December 23, 2005)
| 2024-03-28<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.netbsd.org/releases/formal-10/NetBSD-10.0.html | title=Announcing NetBSD 10.0 (Mar 28, 2024) }}</ref>
| {{Free}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ]
| ], ], ], ]
| ], ], ], ]
| Aims for maximum portability.
|- |-
! scope="row"| ]
! ]
| ]
| 2004-07-12
| ] 4.8
| 6.4.0
| 2022-12-30<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dragonflybsd.org/release64/ |title=DragonFly BSD 6.4 |website=Dragonfly BSD |access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref>
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ], ], ], ]
| Aims for maximum scalability.
|-
! scope="row"| ]{{r|group=Note|a1}}
| ] and ]
| 1992-03-01
| ] Net/2
| 2.0
| 2016-08-05
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| Open source general purpose
| Historical
|-
! scope="row"| ] (BSD/386){{r|group=Note|a1}}
| ], ]
| 1993-03-01
| ] Net/2, ]
| 5.1
| 2003-10-01
| {{dunno}}
| {{Nonfree|]}}
| General purpose
| Historical
|-
! scope="row"| ]{{r|group=Note|a1}}{{r|group=Note|a2}}
| ] | ]
| 1.0 (1982) | 1982
| 4.xBSD, ]<ref name="svidii">{{cite web | date = 1989-09-30 | url = http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svidii&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=SunOS+4.1.3&format=html | title = SunOS 4.1.3: svidii – overview of the System V environment | work = FreeBSD Hypertext Man Pages | publisher = The FreeBSD Project | access-date = 2006-06-14}}</ref>
| 4.x]
| 4.1.4 (1994) | 4.1.4
| 1994-11-01
|
| Included in hardware and support charges
|
| {{Nonfree|]}}
|
| ], ]
| Historical (] is a different code base)
|- |-
! scope="row"| ]{{r|group=Note|a1}}
! ]
| ]
| ]
| 1984
| March 2001
| ], ] | 4.2BSD, ]
| 4.5
| 10.4.6 "Tiger" (April 3, 2006)
| $129 | 1995
| {{dunno}}
| ], parts ], ], others.
| {{Nonfree|]}}
| General Purpose
| Historical (ran on ] ] & ] systems or ]s).
|-
! scope="row"|]
| ]
| 1988
| 4.3 BSD, ]
| 1.31c
| 1993-09-07
| {{No|Cost}} £1000 GBP (Approx $1400)
| {{Nonfree|]}}
| ]
| Historical (ran on ] and R series Workstations)
|-
! scope="row"| ] (DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX)
| ], ], ]
| 1993
| 4.3BSD, 4.4BSD, ] 2.5, ]
| 5.1B-6
| 2010-10-01
| {{No|Cost}} $99 (non-commercial)
| {{Nonfree|]}}
| General Purpose
| Only runs on ] systems or ]s.
|-
! scope="row"| ]
| ]
| 2001-03-01
| ], ], ]
| 22.5.0
| 2023-05-18
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ], ] and others
| ], Home Desktop, ] | ], Home Desktop, ]
| The kernel and certain userland components of ] and ]
|- |-
! scope="row"| ]
! ]
| ]
|]
| 2006-04-29
| July 12, 2004
| ] 4.8 | ]
| 18.12
| 1.4 (January 7, 2006)
| 2018-12-15
| {{Free}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ]
| good kernel performance
| ]
| Easy to use while maintaining full use of FreeBSD base
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| Eric Turgeon
| Steven David Rhodus
| 2009-11-01
| 1.0 (September 14, 2004)
| ] | ]
| 1.4 | 24.01.1
| 2024-02-13
| $12.95
| {{Yes|Free}}
|
| ]
| Commercially supported version of DragonFlyBSD
| Desktop, ]
| Easy to use, full FreeBSD w/ ], ], ], ] or ].
|- |-
! scope="row"| FuryBSD
! ]
| Joe Maloney
| Kris Moore, Mike Albert, Tim McCormick, Dimitri Tishchenko
| 2019-10-24
|
| ] | ]
| data-sort-value="{{#invoke:Wikidata|claim|1=P348|id=Q79027338|qualifier=P577|parameter=time:Y-m-d}}" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:right;"| {{#invoke:Wikidata|claim|1=P348|id=Q79027338|qualifier=P577|parameter=time:j. M Y}}<br />{{#invoke:Wikidata|claim|1=P348|id=Q79027338}}
| 1.0 RC2 (January 20, 2006)
| 2019-12-02
| {{Free}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ]
| easy-to-use graphical user interface
| Desktop, ]
| Easy to use, full FreeBSD w/ ] or ].
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| Peter Hofer, Daniel Seuffert | Peter Hofer, Daniel Seuffert
| (July 25, 2005) | 2005-07-25
| ] | ]
| 1.7
| 1.0 (March 28, 2006)
| 2009-09-07
| {{Free}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ]
| easy-to-use graphical user interface
| Desktop
| Easy to use
|- |-
! scope="row"| ClosedBSD
! ]
| Joshua Bergeron and
| ]
| {{dunno}}
|
| ] | ]
| 1.0B (floppy), 1.0-RC1 (CD)
| (June 2004)
| {{dunno}}
|
| {{Yes|Free}}
|
| {{Nonfree|]}}
| ]
| {{dunno}}
| firewall/], boot floppy, ]
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| {{dunno}}
|
| {{dunno}}
|
| ] | ]
| 2.0.3
| 1.0B(floppy), 1.0-RC1(CD)
| 2007-02-01
| {{Free}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| {{dunno}}
| firewall/], boot floppy, ]
| {{dunno}}
| colspan="2" |] of FreeBSD. DistroWatch lists as discontinued.
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| Michael Bialecki
|
| {{dunno}}
|
| ]
| 1.1
| {{Free}}
|
| ]
|-
! ]
|
|
| ]
| 0.3
| {{Free}}
|
| ], Russian
|-
! ]
| Andrzej Bialeck
|
| ] | ]
| 0.42 | 0.42
| {{Free}} | {{dunno}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ]
| boot floppy | boot floppy
| {{dunno}}
|-
|-
! ]
! scope="row"| ]
|
| {{dunno}}
| beta as of January 2005
| 2005-01-01
| ] 3.8 | ] 3.8
| none | none (beta only)
| {{Free}} | {{dunno}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
|
| {{dunno}}
| ], anonymous browsing
| Anonymous browsing
|-
! ] | ]
|-
! scope="row"| ]
| The MirOS Project | The MirOS Project
| {{dunno}}
|
| ] 3.1 | ] 3.1
| #10
| #8 (December 24, 2005)
| 2008-03-16
| {{Free}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
|
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| European | European
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ekkoBSD{{r|group=Note|a1}}
| Rick Collette | Rick Collette
| {{dunno}}
|
| ] 3.3 | ] 3.3
| {{dunno}}
|
| {{dunno}}
|
| {{dunno}}
|
| {{dunno}}
| ] | ]
| easy to administer
|-
|-
! ]
! scope="row"| ]{{r|group=Note|a1}}
| Bulgarians | Bulgarians
| {{dunno}}
|
| ] 3.0/3.4 | ] 3.0/3.4
| 0.6 (Oct 27, 2003) | 0.6
| 2003-10-27
| {{Free}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
|
| {{dunno}}
| small secure system
| General purpose
|-
| Small, secure
!
! Developer
! First public release
! Based on
! Latest stable version (release date)
! Cost (])
! Preferred ]
! Target system type
|}

=== Technical information ===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: 100%;"
|- |-
! scope="row"| ]
!
| Gabriel Paderni
! Supported ]
| {{dunno}}
! Supported ]s
| ] 3.8
! ] type
| {{dunno}}
! Integrated ] environment{{fn|1}}
| {{dunno}}
! ]
| {{Yes|Free}}
! Update management
| {{dunno}}
! Primary ]s{{fn|2}}
| ]
| DistroWatch lists as discontinued.
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| ] developers
| ], ], ], ], others <!-- List only tier 1 architectures by name: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/archs.html -->
| {{dunno}}
| ], ], ], ], ], ], and others
| ]
| ] with modules
| {{no}} | {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| ports tree, packages
| {{Yes|Free}}
| by source (]), network binary update (freebsdupdate)
| ], BSD
| ], ]
| Server, Workstation, Network Appliance
| uses Gentoo framework
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| ] developers
| ], ], ], ], ], ],
| {{dunno}}
| ], ], ], ], ], some others
| ]
| ] with modules
| {{no}} | {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| ports tree, packages
| {{Yes|Free}}
| by source
| GPL, BSD
| ], ]
| Server, Workstation, Network Appliance, Embedded
| uses Gentoo framework
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
| ] developers
| ], ], ], ], ], ],
| {{dunno}}
| ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and others
| ]
| ] with modules
| {{no}} | {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| ]
| {{Yes|Free}}
| by source (], ], ]) or binary (using sysinst)
| GPL, BSD
| ], ]
| Server, Workstation, Network Appliance, Embedded
| uses Gentoo framework
|- |-
! scope="row"| Gentoo/DragonflyBSD
! ]
| Robert Sebastian Gerus (project not yet officially supported by Gentoo)
| ], ]
| {{dunno}}
| ] (default), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (read only), ], ], ]s
| ] | ]
| {{yes}} | {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| ]
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| {{dunno}}
| ], ], ]/], ] (since 10.3)
| Server, Workstation, Network Appliance
| uses Gentoo framework
|- |-
! scope="row"| ]
! ]
| The team
| ]
| 2011-02-06
| ] + others
| ] | ], ]
| {{no}} | 7.5
| 2014-04-26
| ], ports tree
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ? | DFSG
| General purpose
|}
| GNU userspace on FreeBSD kernel

{{fnb|1}} Operating systems where the GUI is not integrated into the core OS are often bundled with an implementation of the ]. However, installing X is usually optional.<br />
{{fnb|2}} Most operating systems use proprietary APIs in addition to any supported standards.<br />

=== Security ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: 100%;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | Resource access control
! rowspan="2" | Subsystem isolation mechanisms
! rowspan="2" | Integrated ]
! rowspan="2" | Encrypted file systems
! colspan="2" | ]
! colspan="2" | Known unpatched vulnerabilities{{fn|3}}
|-
! hardware
! emulation
! number
! oldest
|- |-
! scope="row"| ]
! ]
| The team
| ], ]s, ]
| Abandoned
| ], ], ] Partitions
| ], ], ] | ], ]
| Abandoned
| {{yes}}
| Abandoned
| colspan="2" {{inc}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| || -
| DFSG
| General purpose
| GNU userspace on NetBSD kernel
|- |-
! scope="row"| ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.midnightbsd.org/news/ |title=MidnightBSD News |access-date=27 May 2015}}</ref>
! ]
| Lucas Holt
| ]
| 2007-08-04
| ], ]
| ] 6.1 beta<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.midnightbsd.org/about/ |title=About MidnightBSD |access-date=27 May 2015}}</ref>
| ]
| {{yes}} | 3.0.1
| 2023-04-03
| {{yes}} || {{yes}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| || -
| ]
| Desktop
| ] based Desktop Environment
|- |-
! scope="row"| NomadBSD<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nomadbsd.org/ |title=NomadBSD |access-date=24 February 2024}}</ref>
! ]
| The NomadBSD Team
| ], ]
| 2018-03-25
| ], ]
| ]
| ], ]
| 140R-20240126
| {{yes}}
| 2024-01-26<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nomadbsd.org/#20240130 |title=NomadBSD 140R-20240126 is now available! |access-date=24 February 2024}}</ref>
| {{yes}} || {{no}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| colspan="2" | n/a
| ]
| ]
| ] based Desktop Environment
|- |-
! ] ! scope="row"| ]
|
| ], ]{{fn|4}}
| 2006-10-04
| ]
| ] | ]
| {{yes}} | 2.7.0
| 2023-06-29
| colspan="2" {{inc}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| || {{n/a}}
| ]
| Security appliance
| firewall/], ]
|-
! scope="row"| ]
|
| 2015-01-02
| ]
| 23.7.5
| 2023-09-26
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| Security appliance
| firewall/], ]
|-
! scope="row"| Paxym FreeBSD for Octeon
| Paxym Inc.
| 2007-12-11
| ] 7.0
| 4.7
| 2008-08-13
| {{dunno}}
| {{Nonfree|]}}
| Network, Storage, Security Applications: Routers/UTM/Firewall/NAS
| For ] Octeon ] multicore processors<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paxym.com/FreeBSD.html |title=Paxym – FreeBSD for OCTEON CPU |access-date=27 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| KarmaBSD<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freebsd.nfo.sk/opbsd/karmabsdeng.htm |title=One Floppy OpenBSD MP3 Player |access-date=27 May 2015 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001130/http://www.freebsd.nfo.sk/opbsd/karmabsdeng.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
| {{dunno}}
| ] 8<br />]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ], ] Firewall, MP3 player, backup, others
|
|-
! scope="row"| Jibbed<ref></ref>
|
|
| ], ]
| 6.0
|
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
|
| colspan="2" |] of NetBSD
|-
! scope="row"| ]
| The Bitrig Developers
| 2014-11-25
| ]
| 1.0
| 2014-11-25
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| General Purpose
| Focus on modern platforms and tools
|-
|-
! scope="row"| StarBSD
| digital IXI Corp
| 2009-12-01
| ]
| 2020.3
| 2020-03-25
| {{Yes|Free}}
| ]
| ], ], ], ]
| Aims for maximum scalability.
|-
! scope="row"|
! scope="row"| Developer
! scope="row"| First public release
! scope="row"| Based on
! scope="row"| Version
! scope="row"| Release Date
! scope="row"| Cost (])
! scope="row"| Preferred ]
! scope="row"| Purpose
! scope="row"| Short description
|} |}
{{reflist|group=Note|refs=
<ref name=a1>386BSD, BSD/OS, SunOS, and Ultrix are historic operating systems that are no longer developed. BSDeviant and ekkoBSD do not exist anymore either, although BSDeviant is still available for download (see external links). MicroBSD ended, then started again in 2003, but it does not seem that any progress has been made since then, though the website still exists.</ref>
<ref name=a2>This article only refers to SunOS through version 4.x. SunOS from release 5.x forward is based on SVR4, and is most commonly referred to as ].</ref>
}}


==See also==
{{fnb|3}} Comparison of known unpatched vulnerabilities is based on ] vulnerabilities reports with a severity of ''less critical'' and above. Updated daily.<br />
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
{{fnb|4}} ACLs were added to ] beginning with version 10.4.<br />
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


== See also == ==Notes and references==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


===Other sources===
*]
* {{cite web|last=Milo |date=1998-06-22 |url=http://www.osdata.com/oses/freebsd.htm |title=FreeBSD |work=Operating System Technical Comparison |publisher=OSdata |access-date=2006-06-02 |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114203948/http://kamidake.other-space.com/ |archive-date=2007-01-14 }}
*]
* {{cite web | last = Milo | date = 1998-06-22<!-- - 2004-04-19 --> | url = http://www.osdata.com/oses/openbsd.htm | title = OpenBSD | work = Operating System Technical Comparison | access-date = 2006-06-02 |display-authors=etal}}
*]
* {{cite web
| last = Milo
| date = 1998-06-22<!-- - 2004-04-19
-->| url = http://www.osdata.com/oses/netbsd.htm
| title = NetBSD
| work = Operating System Technical Comparison
| publisher = OSdata
| access-date = 2006-06-02
|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite web
| last = Milo
| date = 1998-06-22<!-- - 2002-02-17
-->| url = http://www.osdata.com/oses/sunos.htm
| title = SunOS
| work = Operating System Technical Comparison
| publisher = OSdata
| access-date = 2006-06-02
|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite web
| url = http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/solaris/versions/
| title = SunOS & Solaris version history
| publisher = Berkeley
| access-date = 2006-06-02
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060209052109/http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/solaris/versions/ |archive-date = 2006-02-09}}
* {{cite web
| date = 1996-11-04
| url = http://www.supelec.fr/decus/faq/faq-ultrix.html
| title = Ultrix FAQ
| access-date = 2006-06-02
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060519112826/http://www.supelec.fr/decus/faq/faq-ultrix.html |archive-date = 2006-05-19}}
* {{cite web
| last = Milo '
| date = 1998-06-22<!-- - 2002-04-10
-->| url = http://www.osdata.com/oses/ultrix.htm
| title = Ultrix
| work = Operating System Technical Comparison
| publisher = OSdata
| access-date = 2006-06-02
}}
* {{cite web
| last = Milo
| date = 1998-06-22<!-- - 2002-03-20
-->| url = http://www.osdata.com/oses/macosx.htm
| title = Mac OS X
| work = Operating System Technical Comparison
| publisher = OSdata
| access-date = 2006-06-02
|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite web
|last=Milo
|date=1998-06-22
|url=http://www.osdata.com/oses/mxs.htm
|title=Mac OS X Server
|work=Operating System Technical Comparison
|publisher=OSdata
|access-date=2006-06-02
|display-authors=etal
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114203948/http://kamidake.other-space.com/
|archive-date=2007-01-14
}}
* {{cite web
| url = http://bsdeviant.org/
| title = BSDeviant download page
| publisher = Bsdeviant.org
| access-date = 2008-06-30
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080905021045/http://bsdeviant.org/
| archive-date = 2008-09-05
| url-status = dead
}} A semi-official download page.
* {{cite web
| date = 2003-11-25
| url = http://bsd.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/11/25/2331244
| title = ekkoBSD 1.0 BETA1B Released
| publisher = Slashdot
| access-date = 2006-06-03
}}
* {{cite web
| last = Milo
| date = 1998-05-31<!-- - 2006-02-01
-->| url = http://www.osdata.com/
| title = Operating System Technical Comparison
| publisher = OSdata
| access-date = 2006-06-02
|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite web
| last = Brown
| first = Martin
| date = 2004-08-10
| url = http://www.serverwatch.com/tutorials/article.php/3393051
| title = Differentiating Among BSD Distros
| page = 4
| publisher = Jupitermedia Corporation
| access-date = 2006-06-03
}}
* {{cite web
| last = Schneider
| first = Wolfram |author2=Gilliam, Josh |author3=Schultz, Steven M.
| year = 1997–2004
| url = http://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
| title = The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
| format = ASCII
| publisher = The NetBSD Foundation
| access-date = 2006-06-03
}}


{{Berkeley Software Distribution}}
{{unix-like}} {{unix-like}}

]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison Of Bsd Operating Systems}}
]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 22:06, 15 December 2024

There are a number of Unix-like operating systems based on or descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) series of Unix variant options. The three most notable descendants in current use are FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD, which are all derived from 386BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite, by various routes. Both NetBSD and FreeBSD started life in 1993, initially derived from 386BSD, but in 1994 migrated to a 4.4BSD-Lite code base. OpenBSD was forked from NetBSD in 1995. Other notable derivatives include DragonFly BSD, which was forked from FreeBSD 4.8.

Most of the current BSD operating systems are open source and available for download, free of charge, under the BSD License. They also generally use a monolithic kernel architecture, apart from DragonFly BSD which feature hybrid kernels. The various open source BSD projects generally develop the kernel and userland programs and libraries together, the source code being managed using a single central source repository.

In the past, BSD was also used as a basis for several proprietary versions of UNIX, such as Sun's SunOS, Sequent's Dynix, NeXT's NeXTSTEP, DEC's Ultrix and OSF/1 AXP (which became the now discontinued Tru64 UNIX).

Aims and philosophies

FreeBSD

FreeBSD aims to make an operating system usable for any purpose. It is intended to run a wide variety of applications, be easy to use, contain cutting edge features, and be highly scalable, including for network servers with very high loads. FreeBSD is free software, and the project prefers the FreeBSD license. However, they sometimes accept non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) and include a limited number of nonfree hardware abstraction layer (HAL) modules for specific device drivers in their source tree, to support the hardware of companies who do not provide purely libre drivers (such as HALs to program software-defined radios so that vendors do not share their nonfree algorithms).

To maintain a high level of quality and provide good support for "production quality commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) workstation, server, and high-end embedded systems", FreeBSD focuses on a narrow set of architectures. A significant focus of development since 2000 has been fine-grained locking and symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) scalability. From 2007 on, most of the kernel was fine-locked and scaling improvements started to be seen. Other recent work includes Common Criteria security functionality, such as mandatory access control and security event audit support.

Derivatives:

NetBSD

NetBSD aims to provide a freely redistributable operating system that professionals, hobbyists, and researchers can use in any manner they wish. The main focus is portability, through the use of clear distinctions between machine-dependent and machine-independent code. It runs on a wide variety of 32-bit and 64-bit processor architectures and hardware platforms, and is intended to interoperate well with other operating systems. NetBSD places emphasis on correct design, well-written code, stability, and efficiency, where practical, close compliance with open API and protocol standards is also aimed for. In June 2008, the NetBSD Foundation moved to a two-clause BSD license, citing changes at UCB and industry applicability. NPF is a project spawned by NetBSD.

Derivatives:

  • OS108 – system with graphical desktop environment based on NetBSD.

OpenBSD

OpenBSD is a security-focused BSD known for its developers' insistence on extensive, ongoing code auditing for security and correct functionality, a "secure by default" philosophy, good documentation, and adherence to strictly open source licensing. The system incorporates numerous security features that are absent or optional in other versions of BSD. The OpenBSD policy on openness extends to hardware documentation and drivers, since without these, there can be no trust in the correct operation of the kernel and its security, and vendor software bugs would be hard to resolve.

OpenBSD emphasizes very high standards in all areas. Security policies include disabling all non-essential services and having sane initial settings; and integrated cryptography (originally made easier due to relaxed Canadian export laws relative to the United States), full public disclosure of all security flaws discovered; thoroughly auditing code for bugs and security issues; various security features, including the W^X page protection technology and heavy use of randomization to mitigate attacks. Coding approaches include an emphasis on searching for similar issues throughout the code base if any code issue is identified. Concerning software freedom, OpenBSD prefers the BSD or ISC license, with the GPL acceptable only for existing software which is impractical to replace, such as the GNU Compiler Collection. NDAs are never considered acceptable. In common with its parent, NetBSD, OpenBSD strives to run on a wide variety of hardware. Where licenses conflict with OpenBSD's philosophy, the OpenBSD team has re-implemented major pieces of software from scratch, which have often become the standard used within other versions of BSD. Examples include the pf packet filter, new privilege separation techniques used to safeguard tools such as tcpdump and tmux, much of the OpenSSH codebase, and replacing GPL licensed tools such as diff, grep and pkg-config with ISC or BSD licensed equivalents.

OpenBSD prominently notes the success of its security approach on its website home page. As of July 2024, only two vulnerabilities have ever been found in its default install (an OpenSSH vulnerability found in 2002, and a remote network vulnerability found in 2007) in a period of almost 22 years. According to OpenBSD expert Michael W. Lucas, OpenBSD "is widely regarded as the most secure operating system available anywhere, under any licensing terms."

OpenBSD has spawned numerous child projects such as OpenSSH, OpenNTPD, OpenBGPD, OpenSMTPD, PF, CARP, and LibreSSL. Many of these are designed to replace restricted alternatives.

Derivatives:

  • LibertyBSD – Aimed to be a 'deblobbed' version of OpenBSD. There are a number of reasons as to why blobs can be problematic, according to the project. LibertyBSD began going through the process to become Free Software Foundation FSDG certified, but ultimately never was accepted. LibertyBSD is no longer actively developed, and the project page directs people instead to HyperbolaBSD.
  • Isotop, a French project aiming to adapt OpenBSD to desktops and laptops, using xfce then dwm

DragonFly BSD

DragonFly BSD aims to be inherently easy to understand and develop for multi-processor infrastructures. The main goal of the project, forked from FreeBSD 4.8, is to radically change the kernel architecture, introducing microkernel-like message passing which will enhance scaling and reliability on symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) platforms while also being applicable to NUMA and clustered systems. The long-term goal is to provide a transparent single system image in clustered environments. DragonFly BSD originally supported both the IA-32 and x86-64 platforms, however support for IA-32 was dropped in version 4.0. Matthew Dillon, the founder of DragonFly BSD, believes supporting fewer platforms makes it easier for a project to do a proper, ground-up symmetric multiprocessing implementation.

Popularity

Bar chart showing the proportion of users of each BSD variant from a BSD usage survey from September 2005.

In September 2005, the BSD Certification Group, after advertising on a number of mailing lists, surveyed 4,330 BSD users, 3,958 of whom took the survey in English, to assess the relative popularity of the various BSD operating systems. About 77% of respondents used FreeBSD, 33% used OpenBSD, 16% used NetBSD, 2.6% used Dragonfly, and 6.6% used other (potentially non-BSD) systems. Other languages offered were Brazilian and European Portuguese, German, Italian, and Polish. Note that there was no control group or pre-screening of the survey takers. Those who checked "Other" were asked to specify that operating system.

Because survey takers were permitted to select more than one answer, the percentages shown in the graph, which are out of the number survey of participants, add up to greater than 100%. If a survey taker filled in more than one choice for "other", this is still only counted as one vote for other on this chart.

Another attempt to profile worldwide BSD usage is the *BSDstats Project, whose primary goal is to demonstrate to hardware vendors the penetration of BSD and viability of hardware drivers for the operating system. The project collects data monthly from any BSD system administrators willing to participate, and currently records the BSD market share of participating FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, DragonflyBSD, Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, TrueOS, and MirBSD systems.

In 2020, a new independent project was introduced to collect statistics with the goal of significantly increasing the number of observed parameters.

DistroWatch, well known in the Linux community and often used as a rough guide to free operating system popularity, publishes page hits for each of the Linux distributions and other operating systems it covers. As of 27 March 2020, using a data span of the last six months it placed FreeBSD in 21st place with 452 hits per day, GhostBSD in 51st place with 243 hits, TrueOS in 54th place with 182 hits per day, DragonflyBSD in 75th place with 180 hits, OpenBSD in 80th place with 169 hits per day and NetBSD in 109th place with 105 hits per day.

Names, logos, slogans

The names FreeBSD and OpenBSD are references to software freedom: both in cost and open source. NetBSD's name is a tribute to the Internet, which brought the original developers together.

The first BSD mascot was the BSD daemon, named after a common type of Unix software program, a daemon. FreeBSD still uses the image, a red cartoon daemon named Beastie, wielding a pitchfork, as its mascot today. In 2005, after a competition, a stylized version of Beastie's head designed and drawn by Anton Gural was chosen as the FreeBSD logo. The FreeBSD slogan is "The Power to Serve."

The NetBSD flag, designed in 2004 by Grant Bissett, is inspired by the original NetBSD logo, designed in 1994 by Shawn Mueller, portraying a number of BSD daemons raising a flag on top of a mound of computer equipment. This was based on a World War II photograph, Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima. The Board of Directors of The NetBSD Foundation believed this was too complicated, too hard to reproduce and had negative cultural ramifications and was thus not a suitable image for NetBSD in the corporate world. The new, simpler flag design replaced this. The NetBSD slogan is "Of course it runs NetBSD", referring to the operating system's portability.

Originally, OpenBSD used the BSD daemon as a mascot, sometimes with an added halo as a distinguishing mark, but OpenBSD later replaced its BSD daemon with Puffy. Although Puffy is usually referred to as a pufferfish, the spikes on the cartoon images give him a closer likeness to the porcupinefish. The logo is a reference to the fish's defensive capabilities and to the Blowfish cryptography algorithm used in OpenSSH. OpenBSD also has a number of slogans including "Secure by default", which was used in the first OpenBSD song, "E-railed", and "Free, Functional & Secure", and OpenBSD has released at least one original song with every release since 3.0.

The DragonFly BSD logo, designed by Joe Angrisano, is a dragonfly named Fred. A number of unofficial logos by various authors also show the dragonfly or stylized versions of it. DragonFly BSD considers itself to be "the logical continuation of the FreeBSD 4.x series." FireflyBSD has a similar logo, a firefly, showing its close relationship to DragonFly BSD. In fact, the FireflyBSD website states that proceeds from sales will go to the development of DragonFly BSD, suggesting that the two may in fact be very closely related.

PicoBSD's slogan is "For the little BSD in all of us," and its logo includes a version of FreeBSD's Beastie as a child, showing its close connection to FreeBSD, and the minimal amount of code needed to run as a Live CD.

A number of BSD OSes use stylized version of their respective names for logos. This includes TrueOS, GhostBSD, DesktopBSD, ClosedBSD, and MicroBSD. TrueOS's slogan is "Personal computing, served up BSD style!", GhostBSD's "A simple, secure BSD served on a Desktop." DesktopBSD's "A Step Towards BSD on the Desktop." MicroBSD's slogan is "The small secure unix like OS."

MirOS's site collects a variety of BSD mascots and Tux, the Linux mascot, together, illustrating the project's aim of supporting both BSD and Linux kernels. MirOS's slogan is "a wonderful operating system for a world of peace."

General information

Overview of BSD versions
Name Primary developers First public release Based on Latest stable version Cost (USD) Preferred license Purpose Short description
Version Release Date
FreeBSD The FreeBSD Project 1993-12-01 386BSD, 4.4BSD-Lite 14 2023-11-20 Free Simplified BSD Server, Workstation, Network Appliance, Embedded Aims to be usable for any purpose.
OpenBSD The OpenBSD Project 1996-09-01 NetBSD 1.0 7.5 2024-04-05 Free ISC Server, Workstation, Network Appliance, Embedded Aims for maximum correctness in code, bringing simplicity and security.
NetBSD The NetBSD Project 1993-04-19 386BSD, 4.4BSD-Lite 10.0 2024-03-28 Free Simplified BSD Server, Workstation, Network Appliance, Embedded Aims for maximum portability.
DragonFly BSD Matt Dillon 2004-07-12 FreeBSD 4.8 6.4.0 2022-12-30 Free Modified BSD Server, Workstation, Network Appliance, Embedded Aims for maximum scalability.
386BSD William and Lynne Jolitz 1992-03-01 4.3BSD Net/2 2.0 2016-08-05 Free BSD Open source general purpose Historical
BSD/OS (BSD/386) BSDi, Wind River Systems 1993-03-01 4.3BSD Net/2, 4.4BSD 5.1 2003-10-01 ? Proprietary General purpose Historical
SunOS Sun Microsystems 1982 4.xBSD, UNIX System V 4.1.4 1994-11-01 Included in hardware and support charges Proprietary Server, Workstation Historical (Solaris is a different code base)
Ultrix Digital Equipment Corporation 1984 4.2BSD, SVR2 4.5 1995 ? Proprietary General Purpose Historical (ran on DEC VAX & MIPS systems or emulators).
RISCiX Acorn Computers 1988 4.3 BSD, Unix System V 1.31c 1993-09-07 Cost £1000 GBP (Approx $1400) Proprietary Workstation Historical (ran on Archimedes and R series Workstations)
Tru64 UNIX (DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX) DEC, Compaq, HP 1993 4.3BSD, 4.4BSD, Mach 2.5, UNIX System V 5.1B-6 2010-10-01 Cost $99 (non-commercial) Proprietary General Purpose Only runs on HP Alpha systems or emulators.
Darwin Apple Inc. 2001-03-01 NeXTSTEP, FreeBSD, classic Mac OS 22.5.0 2023-05-18 Free APSL, GPL and others Workstation, Home Desktop, Server The kernel and certain userland components of macOS and iOS
TrueOS iXsystems, Inc. 2006-04-29 FreeBSD 18.12 2018-12-15 Free BSD Server Easy to use while maintaining full use of FreeBSD base
GhostBSD Eric Turgeon 2009-11-01 FreeBSD 24.01.1 2024-02-13 Free BSD Desktop, Workstation Easy to use, full FreeBSD w/ GNOME, Mate, Xfce, LXDE or Openbox.
FuryBSD Joe Maloney 2019-10-24 FreeBSD
12.1-2020090701 (2020Q3) 		2019-12-02 Free BSD Desktop, Workstation Easy to use, full FreeBSD w/ Xfce or KDE.
DesktopBSD Peter Hofer, Daniel Seuffert 2005-07-25 FreeBSD 1.7 2009-09-07 Free BSD Desktop Easy to use
ClosedBSD Joshua Bergeron and various contributors ? FreeBSD 1.0B (floppy), 1.0-RC1 (CD) ? Free Proprietary ? firewall/NAT, boot floppy, Live CD
FreeSBIE ? ? FreeBSD 2.0.3 2007-02-01 Free ? ? Live CD of FreeBSD. DistroWatch lists as discontinued.
PicoBSD Michael Bialecki ? FreeBSD 0.42 ? Free BSD boot floppy ?
Anonym.OS ? 2005-01-01 OpenBSD 3.8 none (beta only) ? Free ? Anonymous browsing Live CD
MirOS BSD The MirOS Project ? OpenBSD 3.1 #10 2008-03-16 Free ? ? European
ekkoBSD Rick Collette ? OpenBSD 3.3 ? ? ? ? Server easy to administer
MicroBSD Bulgarians ? OpenBSD 3.0/3.4 0.6 2003-10-27 Free ? General purpose Small, secure
OliveBSD Gabriel Paderni ? OpenBSD 3.8 ? ? Free ? Live CD DistroWatch lists as discontinued.
Gentoo/FreeBSD Gentoo Linux developers ? FreeBSD ? ? Free GPL, BSD Server, Workstation, Network Appliance uses Gentoo framework
Gentoo/OpenBSD Gentoo Linux developers ? OpenBSD ? ? Free GPL, BSD Server, Workstation, Network Appliance, Embedded uses Gentoo framework
Gentoo/NetBSD Gentoo Linux developers ? NetBSD ? ? Free GPL, BSD Server, Workstation, Network Appliance, Embedded uses Gentoo framework
Gentoo/DragonflyBSD Robert Sebastian Gerus (project not yet officially supported by Gentoo) ? DragonFly BSD ? ? Free ? Server, Workstation, Network Appliance uses Gentoo framework
Debian GNU/kFreeBSD The Debian GNU/kFreeBSD team 2011-02-06 GNU, FreeBSD 7.5 2014-04-26 Free DFSG General purpose GNU userspace on FreeBSD kernel
Debian GNU/NetBSD The Debian GNU/kNetBSD team Abandoned GNU, NetBSD Abandoned Abandoned Free DFSG General purpose GNU userspace on NetBSD kernel
MidnightBSD Lucas Holt 2007-08-04 FreeBSD 6.1 beta 3.0.1 2023-04-03 Free BSD Desktop GNUstep based Desktop Environment
NomadBSD The NomadBSD Team 2018-03-25 FreeBSD 140R-20240126 2024-01-26 Free BSD Live USB Openbox based Desktop Environment
pfSense various contributors 2006-10-04 FreeBSD 2.7.0 2023-06-29 Free BSD Security appliance firewall/NAT, Live CD
OPNsense various contributors 2015-01-02 pfSense 23.7.5 2023-09-26 Free BSD Security appliance firewall/NAT, Live CD
Paxym FreeBSD for Octeon Paxym Inc. 2007-12-11 FreeBSD 7.0 4.7 2008-08-13 ? Proprietary Network, Storage, Security Applications: Routers/UTM/Firewall/NAS For Cavium Networks Octeon MIPS architecture multicore processors
KarmaBSD ? FreeBSD 8
OpenBSD 		? ? Free Free software FreeBSD, OpenBSD Firewall, MP3 player, backup, others
Jibbed OpenBSD, NetBSD 6.0 Free BSD Live CD of NetBSD
Bitrig The Bitrig Developers 2014-11-25 OpenBSD 1.0 2014-11-25 Free ISC General Purpose Focus on modern platforms and tools
StarBSD digital IXI Corp 2009-12-01 FreeBSD 2020.3 2020-03-25 Free Simplified BSD Server, Workstation, Network Appliance, Embedded Aims for maximum scalability.
Developer First public release Based on Version Release Date Cost (USD) Preferred license Purpose Short description
  1. ^ 386BSD, BSD/OS, SunOS, and Ultrix are historic operating systems that are no longer developed. BSDeviant and ekkoBSD do not exist anymore either, although BSDeviant is still available for download (see external links). MicroBSD ended, then started again in 2003, but it does not seem that any progress has been made since then, though the website still exists.
  2. This article only refers to SunOS through version 4.x. SunOS from release 5.x forward is based on SVR4, and is most commonly referred to as Solaris.

See also

Notes and references

  1. "Chapter 1 Introduction: 1.2. – What is the goal of the FreeBSD Project?". Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 4.X, 5.X, and 6.X. The FreeBSD Documentation Project. 1995–2006. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  2. "About FreeBSD". The FreeBSD Project. 2006-10-12. Retrieved 2006-10-14.
  3. "Support for Multiple Architectures: Statement of General Intent". Committer's Guide. The FreeBSD Documentation Project. Retrieved 2006-10-14. The FreeBSD Project targets "production quality commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) workstation, server, and high-end embedded systems".
  4. "Destabilization due to SMP development". Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  5. Baldwin, John (February 6, 2013). "How SMPng Works and Why It Doesn't Work The Way You Think" (PDF).
  6. "FuryBSD.org capture from 1st Nov 2020". FuryBSD. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  7. "TrueOS Discontinuation". TrueOS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  8. "Hello — helloSystem documentation". helloSystem. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  9. "CheriBSD". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  10. "About the NetBSD Project – What is the NetBSD project?". The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 2006-01-08. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  11. "A fast, open and Secure desktop Operating System based on NetBSD". 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
  12. de Raadt, Theo (5 December 2006). "Presentation at OpenCON". OpenBSD. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
  13. "OpenBSD Project Goals". OpenBSD. 2005-10-12. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  14. Lucas, Michael W. (2013). Absolute OpenBSD: Unix for the practical paranoid (2nd ed.). San Francisco: No Starch Press. p. xxix. ISBN 978-1-59327-476-4.
  15. "Liberty BSD". libertybsd.net. Archived from the original on August 30, 2018.
  16. Andrews, Jeremy (2006-04-19). "Interview with Jonathan Gray and Damien Bergamini". kerneltrap.org. Archived from the original on 2007-12-11. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
  17. "LibertyBSD - FAQ". LibertyBSD. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  18. Levesque, Jaidyn. "LibertyBSD". LibertyBSD. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
  19. pavroo (17 May 2021). "Isotop". ArchiveOS. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
  20. "3hg | isotop - index". www.3hg.fr. Archived from the original on 2022-04-01. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
  21. "DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD". distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
  22. "DragonFly Frequently Asked Questions". The DragonFly BSD Project. Archived from the original on 2006-06-15. Retrieved 2006-07-01.
  23. "DragonFlyBSD: FAQ-English". The DragonFly BSD Project. Retrieved 2014-12-24.
  24. Biancuzzi, Federico (2004-07-08). "Behind DragonFly BSD An Interview with the developers.". O’Reilly Media, Inc. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2006-04-29.
  25. ^ BSD Certification site; PDF of usage survey results. Retrieved on 2012-09-16.
  26. "*BSD Usage Statistics". The *BSD Stats Project. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 2006-09-30.
  27. "BSD Hardware Trends". BSD Hardware Project. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  28. "Hardware for BSD". BSD Hardware Project. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  29. "DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing". DistroWatch.com. 2001–2011. Retrieved 2016-09-04.
  30. "Chapter 1 Introduction – Why is it called FreeBSD?". Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 4.X, 5.X, and 6.X. The FreeBSD Documentation Project. 1995–2006. Retrieved 2006-06-11.
  31. "About the NetBSD Project – Why the name?". The NetBSD Foundation. 1994–2006. Retrieved 2006-12-06.
  32. FreeBSD Logo Competition Archived 2006-04-13 at the Wayback Machine. The FreeBSD Project. Competition ended 2005-06-30. Retrieved on 2006-04-22.
  33. Mueller, Shawn (1994). "Original NetBSD Logo" (JPEG). The NetBSD Foundation. Retrieved 2006-04-22. Also see NetBSD Logos.
  34. Mewburn, Luke (2004-01-14). "NetBSD logo design competition". Netbsd-advocacy mailing list. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
    Linked to from:
    "Changes and NetBSD News in 2004 – NetBSD Logo Design Contest". The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 2004-01-13. Retrieved 2006-10-14.
    Also see:
    "The NetBSD Foundation Press Release: Announcement of New Logo – NetBSD has a new logo!". The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 2004-10-30. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  35. "OpenBSD 3.9 – Free, Functional & Secure" (JPEG). OpenBSD. Retrieved 2006-07-01.
  36. "OpenBSD release song lyrics". OpenBSD. 2006-04-15. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  37. "official DragonFlyBSD artwork". Archived from the original on 2008-12-25. Retrieved 2007-02-26.
  38. "DFWiki – DragonFly Artwork". The DragonFlyBSD Project. 2006-03-28. Archived from the original on 2005-04-10. Retrieved 2006-04-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  39. "The History of DragonFly". The DragonFly BSD Project. Archived from the original on 2006-04-14. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  40. "PicoBSD Banner – For the little BSD in all of us". The FreeBSD Project. Archived from the original (GIF) on 2006-05-03. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  41. "ClosedBSD logo". Archived from the original (JPEG) on 2005-03-06. Retrieved 2006-10-14. Original last retrieved on 2006-04-22.
  42. "MicroBSD logo – The small secure unix like OS". Archived from the original (PNG) on 2006-04-25. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  43. "MirOS/MirPorts: a wonderful operating system for a world of peace". MirOS Project. Archived from the original on 2006-04-12. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  44. "FreeBSD 14-RELEASE Announcement". The FreeBSD Project. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  45. "OpenBSD 7.5". OpenBSD. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  46. "Announcing NetBSD 10.0 (Mar 28, 2024)".
  47. "DragonFly BSD 6.4". Dragonfly BSD. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  48. "SunOS 4.1.3: svidii – overview of the System V environment". FreeBSD Hypertext Man Pages. The FreeBSD Project. 1989-09-30. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  49. "MidnightBSD News". Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  50. "About MidnightBSD". Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  51. "NomadBSD". Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  52. "NomadBSD 140R-20240126 is now available!". Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  53. "Paxym – FreeBSD for OCTEON CPU". Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  54. "One Floppy OpenBSD MP3 Player". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  55. jibbed.org

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