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{{Infobox Settlement {{Infobox settlement
| name = Ustka | name = Ustka
| image_skyline = Port w Ustce- luty 2006.JPG | image_skyline = Collage of views of Ustka.jpg
| imagesize = 250px | imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Collage of views of Ustka: lighthouse, beach in Ustka, mermaid, boats in the port, the entrance to the port, the port in Ustka bird's eye view
| image_caption = Port in Ustka
| image_flag = POL Ustka flag.svg | image_flag = POL Ustka flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Ustka COA 1.svg | image_shield = POL Ustka COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type = ]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = ] | subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = ] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Pomeranian Voivodeship|name=Pomeranian}}
| subdivision_type2 = ] | subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ] | subdivision_name2 = ]
Line 17: Line 17:
| subdivision_name3 = Ustka <small>(urban gmina)</small> | subdivision_name3 = Ustka <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| leader_title = Mayor | leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Jan Olech | leader_name = Jacek Maniszewski
| established_title = Established | established_title = Established
| established_date = ] | established_date = thirteenth century
| established_title3 = Town rights | established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1935 | established_date3 = 1935
| area_total_km2 = 10.14 | area_total_km2 = 10.14
| population_as_of = 2006 | population_as_of = 2015
| population_total = 16227 | population_total = 15,973
| population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = ] | timezone = ]
Line 30: Line 30:
| timezone_DST = ] | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|54|35|N|16|51|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| latd = 54 | latm = 35 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 16 | longm = 51 | longs = | longEW = E
| elevation_m = 3 | elevation_m = 3
| postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code_type = Postal code
Line 37: Line 37:
| blank_name = ] | blank_name = ]
| blank_info = GSL | blank_info = GSL
| blank_name_sec2 = ]
| website = http://www.ustka.pl }}
| blank_info_sec2 = ]
| website = http://www.ustka.pl
'''Ustka''' ({{lang-de|Stolpmünde}}; ] and ]: ''Ùskô'') is a town in the ] region of northwestern ] with 17,100 inhabitants (2001). It is also part of ] in ] since 1999, and was previously in ] (1975-1998).
}}
'''Ustka''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈustka}}, {{langx|csb|Ùskô}}, {{langx|de|Stolpmünde}}) is a ] in the ] region of northern ] with 17,100 inhabitants (2001). It is part of ] in ]. It is located on the ] on the ]. It is a port town and popular summer seaside resort of Poland.


== History == == History ==
The first settlers arrived at present-day Ustka as early as the 9th century, and established a fishing settlement with the original name of ''Ujść''.<ref name="Deck-Partyka">Alicja Deck-Partyka, '','' Authorhouse - 2006,
The area at the mouth of the river ''Stolpe'' ] was ceded to the town of ''Stolp'' ] in 1337 with the purpose to built a harbour at the ]. The town increased economic progress after Stolp became a member of the ] in 1382. As part of the ] (since 1181 an integral part of the ], the town was given to ] after the ] in 1648.
p. 135. Accessed 2008-29-04.</ref><ref>Zofia Uszyńska, ''], Travel Guide.'' Published by Agpol, 1960. Page 43. Accessed 2008-05-05.</ref><ref>The book about today's Polish Baltic Sea Coast (Die Polnische Ostseeküste) describes the current town of Ustka and its location at the mouth of the river, Ujscie = Mündung = mouth of river (water flow). In Polish, ''ujsc'' means 'escape' (such as a river), and the connection to water is reflected in other European languages such as ''uisce, usque'' (see ]) and the ] and others.</ref> In the 10th century, it became part of the emerging country of Poland under its first ruler ]. The first historic records mention the village under the names of ''Ujść'' or ''Ujście'' in 1310.


The area at the mouth of the river ] was ceded to the nearby city of ] in 1337 with the purpose of building a fishing harbour and a commercial port there to the ]. According to documents in 1355 a church was built. In 1382 the city of Słupsk ({{Langx|de|Stolp}}) became a member of the ]. The settlement was located in the ], a vassal duchy of the ], and later it passed to the ].
The railway was opened in Stolpmünde in 1878. The rails were transported by the sea and the bedding for the track was formed by sand taken from the dunes on the Western Beach. The first passenger train departed Stolpmünde on 1 October 1878. The rail was also used as a main transport facilitating the trade from the harbour. The rail track was extended to run into the harbor, trading mostly grain and spirits. Records state that in 1887, the Stolpmünde (now Ustka) harbour shipped 5 million litres of plain spirits. With the conquest by the Soviet Union and administration of Poland after ] the harbor declined, fishing taking priority to the former trade. The current shape of the harbor is a result of a main investment between 1899 and 1903, which made Stolpmünde the largest port between Stettin and Danzig (now Ustka between ] and ]).


The town was given to ] following the partition of the ] after the ] in 1648, and from the 18th century it formed part of the ]. On August 1, 1778, a blaze destroyed 18 houses which, however, were soon re-built. In 1871, the town became part of the ]. The first railway station was opened in 1878. The rails were transported by the sea and the bedding for the track was formed by sand taken from the dunes on the Western Beach. The first passenger train departed on 1 October 1878. The rail was also used as a main transport facilitating the trade from the harbour. The rail track was extended to run into the harbour, trading mostly grain and spirits. Records state that in 1887, the local harbour shipped 5 million litres of plain spirits. The Harbour lost its importance after ], as fishing began to take priority over trade. The current shape of the harbour is a result of an investment between 1899 and 1903 creating the largest port between ] (Szczecin) and ] (Gdańsk).
Following the creation of the ], the German Ministry for Transport established a ferry connection to East Prussia ("Sea Service East Prussia" or ''Seedienst Ostpreußen'') in 1922 to be independent of the transit through Polish administered territory. These ships also harboured in ''Stolpmünde'' Ustka. Because of the increasing traffic it was planned for the harbour to be enlarged and modernized. The gigantic new development kicked off at the beginning of 1938. A third pier was started as docking station for the largest vessels. The construction of the new port was halted on 23 September 1939 after the German ]. The unfinished third pier battered by the sea attracts legends and myths related to ] operations in ].


]
The old part of the town has retained its layout since the ]. The small residential buildings were modernised in the thirties of the 19th century, however the layout of the streets was not changed. Since 2005, Ustka's authorities and the ] embarked on the Revitilisation Programme for Old Ustka. Many buildings have and are being restored.


The restoration of independent Poland and creation of the so-called ] at the end of ] separated the German exclave of ] from the German ]. As a result, the German Ministry for Transport established a ferry connection to East Prussia ("Sea Service East Prussia" or '']'') in 1922, independent of the transit through Poland. These ships also harboured in Stolpmünde. Because of the increasing traffic it was planned for the harbour to be enlarged and modernized. The gigantic new development kicked off at the beginning of 1938. A third pier was started as docking station for the largest vessels. The construction of the new port was halted on 23 September 1939 after the German ]. During ], the Germans operated a ] subcamp of the ] ] for ] POWs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stalag2b.free.fr/leskommandos.htm|title=Les Kommandos|website=Stalag IIB Hammerstein, Czarne en Pologne|access-date=4 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
Monuments in the town include a lighthouse from 1871 (rebuilt to include the octagonal tower in 1892), Main Post Office from 1875 and church from 1882. The first historic records about Ustka mention the village of Ujsc or Ujscie of ] in 1310. As part of the ] it was ruled by partial Slavic and German ]. Stolpmünde, became part of the ], then the ] until 1945 (] and finally, ]). In 1945 the city was ceded to ] at the ]. Its German population ] mostly to western ]. The town was resettled by ], some refugees from ] and central ].


The old part of the town has retained its layout since the ]. The small residential buildings were modernised in the 1830s, however the layout of the streets was not changed. Since 2005, Ustka's authorities and the ] embarked on the Revitalisation Programme for Old Ustka. Many buildings have and are being restored.
After ], Ustka embarked at clarifying its official name. It was know as: Ujść, Uszcz, Ustka - all three posted on the main railway station in 1945, Nowy Słupsk - as stated at the Main Post Office, Postomino - as stated at the Townhall; Słupioujście - as stated at the Harbour Master's Office, and Ujście. The final name, Ustka, was decided upon in the late 1940s.


Monuments in the town include a ] from 1871 <ref></ref> (rebuilt to include the octagonal tower in 1892), Main Post Office from 1875 and church from 1882.
== Tourism ==


After ], the new Polish authorities took steps to determine an official name to replace the German '''Stolpmünde''<nowiki/>'. ''Ujść'', ''Uszcz'', and ''Ustka'' were all posted on the main railway station in 1945; ''Nowy Słupsk'' was the name on the sign at the main Post Office; ''Postomino'' was the town's name at the town hall; and ''Słupioujście'' was posted at the Harbour Master's office. The final name, ''Ustka'', was decided upon in the late 1940s.
Ustka is a popular tourist destination and a fishing port on the south coasts of the ]. For a number of years, following the political changes in ], the town has won a string of local awards for the best summer place in the country. After the collapse of the Ustka Shipyard, the only shipyard in ] to have manufactured fire-proof lifeboats, and a number of ]s, the local authorities put tourism as a primary source of income for the town. Since the end of the 19th century, Ustka has been recognised as a summer holiday resort and various illnesses treament and recovery centre.


From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the ].
There are two beaches in Ustka. The Eastern Beach and the Western Beach, divided by the river ]. Since the eastern part of the town contains the centre, the Eastern Beach is more popular than the Western Beach. The Western Beach runs into the territory of the Navy Training Centre (CSSMW, ''Centrum Szkolenia Specjalistów Marynarki Wojennej''), access to which was restricted beyond a certain point in the west. However, much more popular, developed and facilitated with numerous bars, restaurants, a concert hall, and a waterfront promenade (built in 1875), the Eastern Beach is more prone to "abrasia" (the ] of the sea). The maintenance of the beach, which after the winter storm season becomes very narrow, is one the considerable expenses of Ustka authorities. The Eastern Beach is signified by high sand cliffs. The Western Beach is flat. In the summertime, there is a regular ferry service linking both beaches. The nearest and only bridge over the river Slupia is located outside the centre, in the western part of the town - just beyond the main railway station.

== Tourism ==

Ustka is a popular tourist destination and a fishing port on the south coasts of the ]. For a number of years, following the political changes in ], the town has won a string of local awards for the best summer place in the country. After the collapse of the Ustka Shipyard, the only shipyard in ] to have manufactured fire-proof lifeboats, and a number of ]s, the local authorities put tourism as a primary source of income for the town. Since the end of the 19th century, Ustka has been recognised as a summer holiday resort and various illnesses treatment and recovery centre.
]
There are two beaches in Ustka. The Eastern Beach and the Western Beach, divided by the river ]. Since the eastern part of the town contains the centre, the Eastern Beach is more popular than the Western Beach. The Western Beach runs into the territory of the Navy Training Centre (CSSMW, ''Centrum Szkolenia Specjalistów Marynarki Wojennej''), access to which was restricted beyond a certain point in the west. However, much more popular, developed and facilitated with numerous bars, restaurants, a concert hall, and a waterfront promenade (built in 1875), the Eastern Beach is more prone to "abrasia" (the ] of the sea). The maintenance of the beach, which after the winter storm season becomes very narrow, is one of the considerable expenses of Ustka authorities. The Eastern Beach has high sand cliffs. The Western Beach is flat.
]]]
There is a new (built in 2013), swing pedestrian bridge over the river ] - open for 15 minutes every hour, that links both beaches every day. Road-rail bridge in Ustka is located outside the centre, in the western part of the town - close to the main railway station.


Near Ustka is a military exercise area from which ] were launched in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Near Ustka is a military exercise area from which ] were launched in the late 1960s and early 1970s.


Ustka is a host of the annual International Contest of Fireworks, which takes place in the middle of July. Ustka is also a host of the annual International Contest of Fireworks, which takes place in the middle of July.
<div style="width:100%; overflow:auto; padding:0px; text-align:left; border:solid 1px; color:gray" title="panorama">]</div><br style="clear:both;"/> {{wide image|Ustka panorama.jpg|1000px|Panoramic view of beach and port in Ustka seen from pier}}


==Climate==
== Population growth ==
Ustka has an ] (]: ''Cfb'').<ref name="kottek2006">{{cite journal|last1=Kottek|first1=Markus|last2=Grieser|first2=Jürgen|last3=Beck|first3=Christoph|last4=Rudolf|first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel|first5=Franz|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|date=2006|volume=15|issue=3|pages=259–263|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf}}</ref><ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |issn=1027-5606|url=https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*1939: 4,739<br>
*1960: 6,100<br>
*1970: 9,000<br>
*1975: 12,400<br>
*1980: 15,200<br>
*2001: 17,100


{{Weather box
==Twin towns==
| location = Ustka (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
{{commons|Ustka}}
| metric first = y
{{commons|Historia Ustki}}
| single line = y
{{commons|Historia Ustki po II Wojnie Światowej|Dziedzictwo Kultury}}
| Jan record high C = 13.8
], ], ], ]
| Feb record high C = 17.8
| Mar record high C = 22.5
| Apr record high C = 29.4
| May record high C = 32.1
| Jun record high C = 34.8
| Jul record high C = 35.1
| Aug record high C = 37.8
| Sep record high C = 33.2
| Oct record high C = 28.0
| Nov record high C = 20.0
| Dec record high C = 13.8
| year record high C = 37.8
| Jan avg record high C = 8.9
| Feb avg record high C = 9.9
| Mar avg record high C = 15.1
| Apr avg record high C = 22.3
| May avg record high C = 26.3
| Jun avg record high C = 28.6
| Jul avg record high C = 29.9
| Aug avg record high C = 30.1
| Sep avg record high C = 25.3
| Oct avg record high C = 19.2
| Nov avg record high C = 13.1
| Dec avg record high C = 9.4
| year avg record high C = 32.0
| Jan high C = 2.8
| Feb high C = 3.5
| Mar high C = 6.2
| Apr high C = 11.0
| May high C = 15.1
| Jun high C = 18.9
| Jul high C = 21.5
| Aug high C = 21.9
| Sep high C = 18.1
| Oct high C = 12.9
| Nov high C = 7.5
| Dec high C = 4.0
| year high C = 12.0
| Jan mean C = 0.7
| Feb mean C = 1.1
| Mar mean C = 3.1
| Apr mean C = 7.1
| May mean C = 11.2
| Jun mean C = 15.1
| Jul mean C = 17.8
| Aug mean C = 18.0
| Sep mean C = 14.4
| Oct mean C = 9.8
| Nov mean C = 5.3
| Dec mean C = 2.1
| year mean C = 8.8
| Jan low C = -1.4
| Feb low C = -1.1
| Mar low C = 0.7
| Apr low C = 4.1
| May low C = 8.0
| Jun low C = 11.8
| Jul low C = 14.5
| Aug low C = 14.6
| Sep low C = 11.4
| Oct low C = 7.2
| Nov low C = 3.3
| Dec low C = 0.1
| year low C = 6.1
| Jan avg record low C = -10.6
| Feb avg record low C = -8.3
| Mar avg record low C = -5.4
| Apr avg record low C = -1.3
| May avg record low C = 2.1
| Jun avg record low C = 7.0
| Jul avg record low C = 10.3
| Aug avg record low C = 10.0
| Sep avg record low C = 5.7
| Oct avg record low C = 0.8
| Nov avg record low C = -3.0
| Dec avg record low C = -7.1
| year avg record low C = -13.2
| Jan record low C = -23.1
| Feb record low C = -26.6
| Mar record low C = -15.7
| Apr record low C = -6.2
| May record low C = -2.9
| Jun record low C = -0.4
| Jul record low C = 4.5
| Aug record low C = 4.4
| Sep record low C = -0.5
| Oct record low C = -6.6
| Nov record low C = -12.8
| Dec record low C = -18.9
| year record low C = -26.6
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 43.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 37.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 39.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 26.6
| May precipitation mm = 43.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 55.9
| Jul precipitation mm = 74.9
| Aug precipitation mm = 85.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 74.7
| Oct precipitation mm = 75.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 57.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 52.6
| year precipitation mm = 666.8
| Jan snow depth cm = 5.1
| Feb snow depth cm = 5.7
| Mar snow depth cm = 3.8
| Apr snow depth cm = 0.3
| May snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0.2
| Nov snow depth cm = 1.2
| Dec snow depth cm = 4.3
| year snow depth cm =
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 17.63
| Feb precipitation days = 16.00
| Mar precipitation days = 14.53
| Apr precipitation days = 10.60
| May precipitation days = 11.40
| Jun precipitation days = 12.17
| Jul precipitation days = 13.70
| Aug precipitation days = 14.60
| Sep precipitation days = 14.27
| Oct precipitation days = 15.67
| Nov precipitation days = 17.43
| Dec precipitation days = 18.97
| year precipitation days = 176.97
| unit snow days = 0 cm
| Jan snow days = 10.1
| Feb snow days = 11.1
| Mar snow days = 4.9
| Apr snow days = 0.3
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.1
| Nov snow days = 1.6
| Dec snow days = 6.0
| year snow days = 34.1
| source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management<ref name=IMGWtavg>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| archive-date = 3 December 2021
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| title = Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmin>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| title = Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmax>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| title = Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecip>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| archive-date = 9 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| title = Miesięczna suma opadu
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecipdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| title = Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdepth>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| title = Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| archive-date = 21 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsun>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| title = Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records)<ref name=recordhigh>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=354160115&par=tmax&max_empty=0
| title = Ustka Absolutna temperatura maksymalna
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=recordlow>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=354160115&par=tmin&max_empty=0
| title = Ustka Absolutna temperatura minimalna
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
Since the medieval Christianization of the region, the local population was ]. After the ], most inhabitants of the town were ] and the area were subjected to German colonisation and ]. The Germans were ] in accordance with the ]. As a result, the current population is once again composed predominantly of Roman Catholics.
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
|+ Number of inhabitants in years
|-
! Year
! Inhabitants

|-
| 1905 || 2,374
|-
| 1933 || 4,014
|-
| 1939 || 4,739
|-
| 1960 || 6,100
|-
| 1970 || 9,000
|-
| 1975 || 12,400
|-
| 1980 || 15,200
|-
| 2001 || 17,100
|-
| 2015 || 15,973
|-
|}

==Sports==
The local ] team is {{ill|Jantar Ustka|pl}}. It competes in the lower leagues.

==Notable people==
*] (born 1957), boxer, Olympic medalist
*] (born 1976), javelin thrower
*] (born 1991), President ]

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
Ustka is ] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Miasta partnerskie|url=https://www.ustka.pl/pl/artykuly/147/miasta-partnerskie|website=ustka.pl|publisher=Ustka|language=pl|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|POL}} ], Poland
*{{flagicon|FRA}} ], France
*{{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany
*{{flagicon|LTU}} ], Lithuania
*{{flagicon|POL}} ], Poland
{{div col end}}

Former twin towns:
*{{flagicon|RUS}} ], Russia (terminated in 2022 as a result of the ])<ref>{{cite web| url = https://ustka.naszemiasto.pl/ustka-zerwala-umowe-partnerska-z-rosyjskim-miastem/ar/c1-8699895 |language=pl |title=Ustka zerwała umowę partnerską z rosyjskim miastem Pioniersk |date=28 February 2022 | access-date = 9 March 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


== External links == == External links ==
{{commons category|Ustka}}
* {{pl icon}}
{{commons-inline|Historia Ustki}}
{{commons-inline|Historia Ustki po II Wojnie Światowej|Dziedzictwo Kultury}}
* on ] by ]
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* {{in lang|pl}}
* *
* *
* {{de icon}} * {{in lang|de}}


{{Słupsk County|state=autocollapse}}
{{coor title dm|54|35|N|16|51|E|region:PL_type:city}}
{{Gmina Ustka|state=autocollapse}}
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{{Polish coast|state=autocollapse}}
{{Słupsk County}}


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Latest revision as of 08:01, 16 December 2024

Place in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
Ustka
Collage of views of Ustka: lighthouse, beach in Ustka, mermaid, boats in the port, the entrance to the port, the port in Ustka bird's eye viewCollage of views of Ustka: lighthouse, beach in Ustka, mermaid, boats in the port, the entrance to the port, the port in Ustka bird's eye view
Flag of UstkaFlagCoat of arms of UstkaCoat of arms
Ustka is located in PolandUstkaUstka
Coordinates: 54°35′N 16°51′E / 54.583°N 16.850°E / 54.583; 16.850
Country Poland
Voivodeship Pomeranian
CountySłupsk
GminaUstka (urban gmina)
Establishedthirteenth century
Town rights1935
Government
 • MayorJacek Maniszewski
Area
 • Total10.14 km (3.92 sq mi)
Elevation3 m (10 ft)
Population
 • Total15,973
 • Density1,600/km (4,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code76-270
Area code+48 59
Car platesGSL
National roads
Websitehttp://www.ustka.pl

Ustka (Polish pronunciation: [ˈustka], Kashubian: Ùskô, German: Stolpmünde) is a spa town in the Middle Pomerania region of northern Poland with 17,100 inhabitants (2001). It is part of Słupsk County in Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is located on the Slovincian Coast on the Baltic Sea. It is a port town and popular summer seaside resort of Poland.

History

The first settlers arrived at present-day Ustka as early as the 9th century, and established a fishing settlement with the original name of Ujść. In the 10th century, it became part of the emerging country of Poland under its first ruler Mieszko I. The first historic records mention the village under the names of Ujść or Ujście in 1310.

The area at the mouth of the river Słupia was ceded to the nearby city of Słupsk in 1337 with the purpose of building a fishing harbour and a commercial port there to the Baltic Sea. According to documents in 1355 a church was built. In 1382 the city of Słupsk (German: Stolp) became a member of the Hanseatic League. The settlement was located in the Duchy of Słupsk, a vassal duchy of the Kingdom of Poland, and later it passed to the Duchy of Pomerania.

The town was given to Brandenburg-Prussia following the partition of the Duchy of Pomerania after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, and from the 18th century it formed part of the Kingdom of Prussia. On August 1, 1778, a blaze destroyed 18 houses which, however, were soon re-built. In 1871, the town became part of the German Empire. The first railway station was opened in 1878. The rails were transported by the sea and the bedding for the track was formed by sand taken from the dunes on the Western Beach. The first passenger train departed on 1 October 1878. The rail was also used as a main transport facilitating the trade from the harbour. The rail track was extended to run into the harbour, trading mostly grain and spirits. Records state that in 1887, the local harbour shipped 5 million litres of plain spirits. The Harbour lost its importance after World War II, as fishing began to take priority over trade. The current shape of the harbour is a result of an investment between 1899 and 1903 creating the largest port between Stettin (Szczecin) and Danzig (Gdańsk).

Ustka as seen from a plane

The restoration of independent Poland and creation of the so-called Polish Corridor at the end of World War I separated the German exclave of East Prussia from the German Province of Pomerania. As a result, the German Ministry for Transport established a ferry connection to East Prussia ("Sea Service East Prussia" or Seedienst Ostpreußen) in 1922, independent of the transit through Poland. These ships also harboured in Stolpmünde. Because of the increasing traffic it was planned for the harbour to be enlarged and modernized. The gigantic new development kicked off at the beginning of 1938. A third pier was started as docking station for the largest vessels. The construction of the new port was halted on 23 September 1939 after the German Invasion of Poland. During World War II, the Germans operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag II-B prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs.

The old part of the town has retained its layout since the Middle Ages. The small residential buildings were modernised in the 1830s, however the layout of the streets was not changed. Since 2005, Ustka's authorities and the European Union embarked on the Revitalisation Programme for Old Ustka. Many buildings have and are being restored.

Monuments in the town include a lighthouse from 1871 (rebuilt to include the octagonal tower in 1892), Main Post Office from 1875 and church from 1882.

After World War II, the new Polish authorities took steps to determine an official name to replace the German 'Stolpmünde'. Ujść, Uszcz, and Ustka were all posted on the main railway station in 1945; Nowy Słupsk was the name on the sign at the main Post Office; Postomino was the town's name at the town hall; and Słupioujście was posted at the Harbour Master's office. The final name, Ustka, was decided upon in the late 1940s.

From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the Słupsk Voivodeship.

Tourism

Ustka is a popular tourist destination and a fishing port on the south coasts of the Baltic. For a number of years, following the political changes in Poland, the town has won a string of local awards for the best summer place in the country. After the collapse of the Ustka Shipyard, the only shipyard in Poland to have manufactured fire-proof lifeboats, and a number of fish processing enterprises, the local authorities put tourism as a primary source of income for the town. Since the end of the 19th century, Ustka has been recognised as a summer holiday resort and various illnesses treatment and recovery centre.

Pedestrian swing bridge in Ustka

There are two beaches in Ustka. The Eastern Beach and the Western Beach, divided by the river Słupia. Since the eastern part of the town contains the centre, the Eastern Beach is more popular than the Western Beach. The Western Beach runs into the territory of the Navy Training Centre (CSSMW, Centrum Szkolenia Specjalistów Marynarki Wojennej), access to which was restricted beyond a certain point in the west. However, much more popular, developed and facilitated with numerous bars, restaurants, a concert hall, and a waterfront promenade (built in 1875), the Eastern Beach is more prone to "abrasia" (the erosion of the sea). The maintenance of the beach, which after the winter storm season becomes very narrow, is one of the considerable expenses of Ustka authorities. The Eastern Beach has high sand cliffs. The Western Beach is flat.

Ustka Lighthouse

There is a new (built in 2013), swing pedestrian bridge over the river Słupia - open for 15 minutes every hour, that links both beaches every day. Road-rail bridge in Ustka is located outside the centre, in the western part of the town - close to the main railway station.

Near Ustka is a military exercise area from which Meteor-type sounding rockets were launched in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Ustka is also a host of the annual International Contest of Fireworks, which takes place in the middle of July.

Panoramic view of beach and port in Ustka seen from pier

Climate

Ustka has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb).

Climate data for Ustka (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 13.8
(56.8) 		17.8
(64.0) 		22.5
(72.5) 		29.4
(84.9) 		32.1
(89.8) 		34.8
(94.6) 		35.1
(95.2) 		37.8
(100.0) 		33.2
(91.8) 		28.0
(82.4) 		20.0
(68.0) 		13.8
(56.8) 		37.8
(100.0)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 8.9
(48.0) 		9.9
(49.8) 		15.1
(59.2) 		22.3
(72.1) 		26.3
(79.3) 		28.6
(83.5) 		29.9
(85.8) 		30.1
(86.2) 		25.3
(77.5) 		19.2
(66.6) 		13.1
(55.6) 		9.4
(48.9) 		32.0
(89.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0) 		3.5
(38.3) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.1
(59.2) 		18.9
(66.0) 		21.5
(70.7) 		21.9
(71.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		12.9
(55.2) 		7.5
(45.5) 		4.0
(39.2) 		12.0
(53.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		1.1
(34.0) 		3.1
(37.6) 		7.1
(44.8) 		11.2
(52.2) 		15.1
(59.2) 		17.8
(64.0) 		18.0
(64.4) 		14.4
(57.9) 		9.8
(49.6) 		5.3
(41.5) 		2.1
(35.8) 		8.8
(47.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		0.7
(33.3) 		4.1
(39.4) 		8.0
(46.4) 		11.8
(53.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		14.6
(58.3) 		11.4
(52.5) 		7.2
(45.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		0.1
(32.2) 		6.1
(43.0)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −10.6
(12.9) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		2.1
(35.8) 		7.0
(44.6) 		10.3
(50.5) 		10.0
(50.0) 		5.7
(42.3) 		0.8
(33.4) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−13.2
(8.2)
Record low °C (°F) −23.1
(−9.6) 		−26.6
(−15.9) 		−15.7
(3.7) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		4.5
(40.1) 		4.4
(39.9) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−26.6
(−15.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 43.9
(1.73) 		37.0
(1.46) 		39.0
(1.54) 		26.6
(1.05) 		43.8
(1.72) 		55.9
(2.20) 		74.9
(2.95) 		85.7
(3.37) 		74.7
(2.94) 		75.7
(2.98) 		57.1
(2.25) 		52.6
(2.07) 		666.8
(26.25)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 5.1
(2.0) 		5.7
(2.2) 		3.8
(1.5) 		0.3
(0.1) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.1) 		1.2
(0.5) 		4.3
(1.7) 		5.7
(2.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 17.63 16.00 14.53 10.60 11.40 12.17 13.70 14.60 14.27 15.67 17.43 18.97 176.97
Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) 10.1 11.1 4.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.6 6.0 34.1
Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records)

Demographics

Since the medieval Christianization of the region, the local population was Catholic. After the Reformation, most inhabitants of the town were Protestants and the area were subjected to German colonisation and Germanisation. The Germans were expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. As a result, the current population is once again composed predominantly of Roman Catholics.

Number of inhabitants in years
Year Inhabitants
1905 2,374
1933 4,014
1939 4,739
1960 6,100
1970 9,000
1975 12,400
1980 15,200
2001 17,100
2015 15,973

Sports

The local football team is Jantar Ustka [pl]. It competes in the lower leagues.

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Ustka is twinned with:

Former twin towns:

References

  1. Alicja Deck-Partyka, Poland, a Unique Country & Its People, Authorhouse - 2006, p. 135. Accessed 2008-29-04.
  2. Zofia Uszyńska, Poland, Travel Guide. Published by Agpol, 1960. Page 43. Accessed 2008-05-05.
  3. The book about today's Polish Baltic Sea Coast (Die Polnische Ostseeküste) describes the current town of Ustka and its location at the mouth of the river, Ujscie = Mündung Ujscie = Muendung,(at mouth of River) = mouth of river (water flow). In Polish, ujsc means 'escape' (such as a river), and the connection to water is reflected in other European languages such as uisce, usque (see Whisky) and the River Usk and others.
  4. "Les Kommandos". Stalag IIB Hammerstein, Czarne en Pologne (in French). Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  5. Lighthouse at Stolpmünde built in 1871
  6. Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rubel, Franz (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated" (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.
  7. Peel, M. C.; Finlayson B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.
  8. "Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  9. "Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  10. "Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  11. "Miesięczna suma opadu". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  12. "Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  13. "Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  14. "Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  15. "Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  16. "Ustka Absolutna temperatura maksymalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  17. "Ustka Absolutna temperatura minimalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  18. "Miasta partnerskie". ustka.pl (in Polish). Ustka. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  19. "Ustka zerwała umowę partnerską z rosyjskim miastem Pioniersk" (in Polish). 28 February 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.

External links

Media related to Historia Ustki at Wikimedia Commons Media related to Dziedzictwo Kultury at Wikimedia Commons

Słupsk County
Seat (not part of the county): Słupsk
Urban gmina Coat of arms of Słupsk County
Urban-rural gmina
Rural gminas
Gmina Ustka
Seat (not part of the gmina)
Villages
Places on the Baltic coast of Poland
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