Misplaced Pages

Electronic symbol: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 07:55, 26 February 2024 editSbmeirow (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers116,914 edits Capacitors: wikify← Previous edit Latest revision as of 02:46, 17 December 2024 edit undoSbmeirow (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers116,914 edits Bipolar: add note 
(35 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 12: Line 12:
* Australian Standard AS 1102 (based on a slightly modified version of ] 60617; withdrawn without replacement with a recommendation to use IEC 60617). * Australian Standard AS 1102 (based on a slightly modified version of ] 60617; withdrawn without replacement with a recommendation to use IEC 60617).


The number of standards leads to confusion and errors.<ref>.</ref> The standards do not all agree, and use of unusual (even if standardized) symbols can lead to confusion and errors.<ref name=Sobering>Sobering, Tim (April 2008). .</ref>
Symbols usage is sometimes unique to engineering disciplines, and national or local variations to international standards exist. For example, lighting and power symbols used as part of architectural drawings may be different from symbols for devices used in electronics. Symbols usage is sometimes idiosyncratic to engineering disciplines, and national or local variations to international standards exist. For example, lighting and power symbols used as part of architectural drawings may be different from symbols for devices used in electronics.


==Common electronic symbols== ==Common electronic symbols==
Line 25: Line 25:
The shorthand for ground is GND. Optionally, the triangle in the middle symbol may be filled in. The shorthand for ground is GND. Optionally, the triangle in the middle symbol may be filled in.
<gallery> <gallery>
File:IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (75).svg | General ]<br/>(]-style) IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (75).svg | General ] (]{{nbh}}style)
File:IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (80).svg | Signal/low-noise ground (the asterisk is not part of the symbol) IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (80).svg | Signal/low-noise ground (the asterisk is not part of the symbol)
File:IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (78).svg | Chassis ground<br/>(IEC-style) IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (78).svg | Chassis ground (IEC{{nbh}}style)
</gallery> </gallery>


===Sources=== ===Sources===
<gallery> <gallery>
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (90).svg | ], single-cell IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (90).svg | ], single-cell
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (92).svg | Battery, multi-cell IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (92).svg | Battery, multi-cell
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.7.3.svg | ] (photovoltaic cell) IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.7.3.svg | ]
</gallery> </gallery>
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Voltage source 2.svg | DC voltage source Voltage source 2.svg | DC voltage source
File:Controlled Current source.svg | Controlled DC voltage source Controlled Current source.svg | Controlled DC voltage source
File:Current source.svg | Current source Current source.svg | Current source
File:Controlled Current source 2.svg | Controlled current source Controlled Current source 2.svg | Controlled current source
File:AC voltage source.svg | AC voltage source AC voltage source.svg | AC voltage source
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 48: Line 48:
It is very common for ] and ] symbols to be used for many types of variable resistors and ]. It is very common for ] and ] symbols to be used for many types of variable resistors and ].
<gallery widths="200px" heights="80px"> <gallery widths="200px" heights="80px">
File:Resistor, Rheostat (variable resistor), and Potentiometer symbols.svg | ]-style: (a) Resistor, (b) ],<br />(c) ] / ] Resistor, Rheostat (variable resistor), and Potentiometer symbols.svg | ]{{nbh}}style: (a)&nbsp;Resistor, (b)&nbsp;], (c)&nbsp;]&nbsp;/ ]
File:IEC resistors.svg | ]-style: (a) Resistor, (b) Rheostat,<br />(c) Potentiometer / Trimmer IEC resistors.svg | ]{{nbh}}style: (a)&nbsp;Resistor, (b)&nbsp;Rheostat, (c)&nbsp;Potentiometer&nbsp;/ Trimmer
</gallery> </gallery>
<gallery> <gallery>
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (31).svg | ] (ANSI) IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.13.svg | ] (ANSI)
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.12.1.2.svg | ] (ANSI).<ref>{{cite journal |title=Standards for Resistor Symbols |publisher=EETech Media |journal=EePower |url=https://eepower.com/resistor-guide/resistor-standards-and-codes/resistor-symbols/ |accessdate=September 13, 2021}}</ref><br/>Use -t for NTC symbol.<br/>Use +t for PTC symbol. IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.12.1.2.svg | {{ubl|] (ANSI).<ref>{{cite journal |title=Standards for Resistor Symbols |publisher=EETech Media |journal=EePower |url=https://eepower.com/resistor-guide/resistor-standards-and-codes/resistor-symbols/ |accessdate=September 13, 2021}}</ref>|Use -t for NTC symbol.|Use +t for PTC symbol.}}
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.6.a.svg | ] (ANSI) IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.6.a.svg | ] (ANSI)
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 60: Line 60:
{{See also|Capacitor}} {{See also|Capacitor}}
<gallery> <gallery>
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (32).svg | General capacitor<br/>(IEC-style) IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (32).svg | General capacitor (IEC{{nbh}}style); sometimes drawn with one plate curved<ref name=Sobering/>
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (36).svg | Polarized capacitor<br />(American-style), such as electrolytic and tantalum capacitors IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (38).svg | ] capacitor
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (38).svg | ] capacitor IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (41).svg | Ganged (co{{nbh}}moving) ]s (]{{nbh}}style)
Trimmer capacitor symbol GOST.svg | ] variable capacitor
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (41).svg | Ganged (co-moving) ]s<br/>(]-style)
IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (36).svg | Polarized capacitor (American{{nbh}}style), such as electrolytic and tantalum capacitors
File:Trimmer capacitor symbol GOST.svg | ] variable capacitor
</gallery> </gallery>


===Diodes=== ===Diodes===
{{See also|Diode}} {{See also|Diode}}
Optionally, the triangle in these symbols may be filled in. Note: The words anode and cathode typically aren't part of the diode symbols. Optionally, the triangle in these symbols may be filled in, or a line may be drawn through the triangle (less desirable). The words anode and cathode aren't part of the diode symbols. For instructional purposes, sometimes two letters (A/C or A/K) are placed next to diode symbols similar to how the letters C/B/E or D/G/S are placed next to ] symbols. "K" is often used instead of "C", because the origin of the word cathode is ], and to avoid confusion with "C" for ] in silkscreen of ]s.

<gallery> <gallery>
File:Diode symbol.svg | ] (rectifier) Diode symbol.svg | ] (rectifier)
File:Schottky diode symbol.svg | ] Schottky diode symbol.svg | ]
File:Zener_diode_symbol-2.svg | ] Zener_diode_symbol-2.svg | ]
File:TVS diode symbols.svg | ] (TVS) <!-- NOTE: also, we need 2 TVS diodes: directional and bidirectional, better than "TVS diode symbols.svg" --> TVS diode symbols.svg | ] (TVS) diode. Top symbol is directional, bottom is bidirectional. <!-- TODO: need to remove line through middle of diodes" -->
File:LED symbol.svg | ] (LED) LED symbol.svg | ] (LED)
File:Photodiode symbol.svg | ] Photodiode symbol.svg | ]
File:Tunnel diode symbol.svg | ] Tunnel diode symbol.svg | ]
File:Varicap symbol.svg | ] Varicap symbol.svg | ]
File:Shockley diode.svg | ] Shockley diode.svg | ]
File:SCR symbol.svg | ] (SCR) SCR symbol.svg | ] (SCR)
File:Diac-schematic-symbol.png | ] (may be a varistor in older schematics) Diac-schematic-symbol.png | ] (may be a varistor in older schematics)
File:Constant Regulating Diode.png | ] Constant Regulating Diode.png | ]
File:Symbol Opto-Isulator.svg | ]: LED (left), photo transistor (right) Symbol Opto-Isulator.svg | ]: LED (left), photo transistor (right)
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 90: Line 91:
There are many ways to draw a single-phase bridge rectifier symbol. Some show the internal diode circuit, some don't. There are many ways to draw a single-phase bridge rectifier symbol. Some show the internal diode circuit, some don't.
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Bridge Rectifier.svg | Bridge rectifier Bridge Rectifier.svg | Bridge rectifier
File:УГО диодного моста.svg | Bridge rectifier УГО диодного моста.svg | Bridge rectifier
File:4 diodes bridge rectifier.jpg | Bridge rectifier 4 diodes bridge rectifier.jpg | Bridge rectifier
File:Bridge Rectifier for single-phase alternating current (symbolic diagram).png | Bridge rectifier Bridge Rectifier for single-phase alternating current (symbolic diagram).png | Bridge rectifier
File:3 fase bridge rectifier.jpg | Three-phase bridge rectifier 3 fase bridge rectifier.jpg | Three-phase bridge rectifier
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 101: Line 102:
An inductor can be drawn either as a series of loops, or series of half-circles. An inductor can be drawn either as a series of loops, or series of half-circles.
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Coil illustration.svg | Inductor symbol as a series of loops Coil illustration.svg | Inductor symbol (series of loops)
File:IEC Inductor.svg | Air-core ]<br/>(]-style) IEC Inductor.svg | Air-core ] (]{{nbh}}style)
File:IEC Inductor with magnetic core.svg | Magnetic-core ]<br/>(IEEE-style) IEC Inductor with magnetic core.svg | Magnetic-core ] (IEEE{{nbh}}style)
File:IEC Tapped inductor.svg | Tapped ]<br/>(IEC-style) IEC Tapped inductor.svg | Tapped ] (IEC{{nbh}}style)
File:Ferrite bead ring.svg | ]<br/>(IEEE-style) Ferrite bead ring.svg | ] (IEEE{{nbh}}style)
File:Reguleeritav pool.jpg | Variable inductor Reguleeritav pool.jpg | Variable inductor
File:Seadepool.jpg | Trimmer variable inductor Seadepool.jpg | Trimmer variable inductor
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 113: Line 114:
{{See also|Transformer}} {{See also|Transformer}}
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Transformer Iron Core.svg | ] Transformer Iron Core.svg | ]
File:Transformer center tap.svg | Transformer with center tap on secondary winding (right side) Transformer center tap.svg | Transformer with center tap on secondary winding (right side)
File:Transformer two secondary windings.svg | Transformer with two secondary windings (right side) Transformer two secondary windings.svg | Transformer with two secondary windings (right side)
File:Basic Current Transformer Symbol.svg | ] Basic Current Transformer Symbol.svg | ]
File:Zero Sequence Current Transformer Symbol.svg | Zero-sequence current transformer (ZSCT) (also known as a window-type current transformer) Zero Sequence Current Transformer Symbol.svg | Zero-sequence current transformer (ZSCT) (also known as a window-type current transformer)
File:Bushing Type Current Transformer Symbol.svg | Bushing-type current transformer Bushing Type Current Transformer Symbol.svg | Bushing-type current transformer
File:Voltage Transformer.svg | Voltage transformer Voltage Transformer.svg | Voltage transformer
</gallery> </gallery>


===Transistors=== ===Transistors===
{{See also|Transistor}} {{See also|Transistor}}
Optionally, transistor symbols may include a circle.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.julesbartow.com/Construction/ANSI%20Y32.2-1975.pdf|title=ANSI Y32.2-1975|chapter=A4.11 Envelope or Enclosure|quote=The envelope or enclosure symbol may be omitted from a symbol referencing this paragraph, where confusion would not result}}</ref> Note: The pin letters B/C/E and G/D/S aren't part of the transistor symbols. Optionally, transistor symbols may include a circle.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.julesbartow.com/Construction/ANSI%20Y32.2-1975.pdf|title=ANSI Y32.2-1975|chapter=A4.11 Envelope or Enclosure|quote=The envelope or enclosure symbol may be omitted from a symbol referencing this paragraph, where confusion would not result|access-date=2020-12-29|archive-date=2022-10-09|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.julesbartow.com/Construction/ANSI%20Y32.2-1975.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Note: The pin letters B/C/E and G/D/S aren't part of the transistor symbols.


====Bipolar==== ====Bipolar====
{{See also|Bipolar junction transistor}} {{See also|Bipolar junction transistor}}
<gallery> <gallery>
IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.2.svg | ] (BJT) IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.2.svg | ] (BJT) <!-- TODO: need to rotate clockwise to make the base be on the left side -->
IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.1.svg | ] (BJT) IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.1.svg | ] (BJT) <!-- TODO: need to rotate clockwise to make the base be on the left side -->
IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.17.svg | NPN ] IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.17.svg | NPN ]
File:PNP darlington.svg | PNP ] PNP darlington.svg | PNP ]
File:PhototransistorSymbol.png | NPN ] PhototransistorSymbol.png | NPN ]
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 139: Line 140:
{{See also|Field-effect transistor}} {{See also|Field-effect transistor}}
<gallery> <gallery>
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.10.1.b.svg | ] (JFET) IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.10.1.b.svg | ] (JFET)
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.11.1.b.svg | ] (JFET) IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.11.1.b.svg | ] (JFET)
File:IGFET N-Ch Enh Labelled simplified.svg | ] (MOSFET) IGFET N-Ch Enh Labelled simplified.svg | ] (MOSFET)
File:Enh N channel Mosfet.svg | Enhancement mode, N-channel ] Enh N channel Mosfet.svg | Enhancement mode, N{{nbh}}channel ]
File:Enh P channel Mosfet 2.svg | Enhancement mode, P-channel ] Enh P channel Mosfet 2.svg | Enhancement mode, P{{nbh}}channel ]
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 149: Line 150:
{{See also|Vacuum tube}} {{See also|Vacuum tube}}
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Dioda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube ] Dioda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube ]
File:Trioda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube ] Trioda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube ]
File:Vacuum Tube Tetrode.svg | Vacuum tube ]<br/>(pin letters are not part of the symbol) Vacuum Tube Tetrode.svg | Vacuum tube ]<br/>(pin letters not part of symbol)
File:Pentoda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube ] Pentoda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube ]
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 160: Line 161:


<gallery> <gallery>
File:Poussoir-NO-symbol.png | ], normally open, push-to-make (horizontal line on top) Poussoir-NO-symbol.png | ], normally open, push-to-make (horizontal line on top)
File:IEEE 315 Contacts, Switches, Contactors, and Relays Symbols (57).svg | Pushbutton, normally open, push-to-make (IEEE-style) IEEE 315 Contacts, Switches, Contactors, and Relays Symbols (57).svg | Pushbutton, normally open, push-to-make (IEEE-style)
File:IEEE 315 Contacts, Switches, Contactors, and Relays Symbols (58).svg | Pushbutton, normally closed, push-to-break (IEEE-style) IEEE 315 Contacts, Switches, Contactors, and Relays Symbols (58).svg | Pushbutton, normally closed, push-to-break (IEEE-style)
File:IEEE 315 Contacts, Switches, Contactors, and Relays Symbols (59).svg | Pushbutton, normally closed, two circuits (IEEE-style) IEEE 315 Contacts, Switches, Contactors, and Relays Symbols (59).svg | Pushbutton, normally closed, two circuits (IEEE-style)
</gallery> </gallery>
<gallery> <gallery>
File:SPST-Switch.svg | Switch, 1P1T, SPST (single-pole single-throw) SPST-Switch.svg | Switch, 1P1T, SPST (single-pole single-throw)
File:SPDT-Switch.svg | Switch, 1P2T, SPDT (single-pole double-throw) SPDT-Switch.svg | Switch, 1P2T, SPDT (single-pole double-throw)
File:DPST-symbol.svg | Switch, 2P1T, DPST (double-pole single-throw) DPST-symbol.svg | Switch, 2P1T, DPST (double-pole single-throw)
File:DPDT-symbol.svg | Switch, 2P2T, DPDT (double-pole double-throw) DPDT-symbol.svg | Switch, 2P2T, DPDT (double-pole double-throw)
</gallery> </gallery>
<gallery> <gallery>
Line 182: Line 183:
</gallery> </gallery>
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Reed switch symbol.svg | ], normally open Reed switch symbol.svg | ], normally open
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 191: Line 192:
Note: The pin letters in these symbols aren't part of the standard relay symbol. Note: The pin letters in these symbols aren't part of the standard relay symbol.
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Relay symbols.svg | SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT relays<br/>(American-style) Relay symbols.svg | SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT relays (American{{nbh}}style)
File:Relay-IEC.svg | SPDT relay<br/>(IEC-style) Relay-IEC.svg | SPDT relay (IEC{{nbh}}style)
</gallery> </gallery>


===Lamps=== ===Lamps===
LED is located in diode section. LED are located in the diode section.
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Neon lamp schematics.svg | ] Neon lamp schematics.svg | ]
File:Indicating lamp.svg | Indicating lamp<br/>(IEEE-style) Indicating lamp.svg | Indicating lamp (IEEE{{nbh}}style)
File:Lamp symbol, old.svg | ] Lamp symbol, old.svg | ]
File:Lamp symbol.svg | ] (as an indicator) Lamp symbol.svg | Indicatory ]
File:Light bulb 3.svg | Light bulb Light bulb 3.svg | Light bulb
</gallery> </gallery>


===Current limiters=== ===Current limiters===
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Fuces.svg | ] ] (b), equivalent symbols (a, c) (IEEE Std 315-1975) Fuces.svg | ] ] (b), equivalent symbols (a, c) {{awrap|(IEEE Std 315-1975)}}
File:Molded Case Circuit Breaker.svg | Molded-case ] (MCCB) Molded Case Circuit Breaker.svg | Molded-case ] (MCCB)
File:Fuse-basic-symbols.svg | ]: ] (top) and American (lower two) Fuse-basic-symbols.svg | ]: ] (top) and American (lower two)
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 215: Line 216:
Speaker symbols sometimes include an internal inductor symbol. Speaker symbols sometimes include an internal inductor symbol.
<gallery> <gallery>
File:IEEE Loudspeaker.svg | ]<br/>(IEEE-style) IEEE Loudspeaker.svg | ]<br/>(IEEE-style)
File:Buzzer-IEC-Symbol.svg | ]<br/>(IEC-style) Buzzer-IEC-Symbol.svg | ]<br/>(IEC-style)
File:IEEE MIC.svg | ]<br/>(IEEE-style) IEEE MIC.svg | ]<br/>(IEEE-style)
File:IEC MIC.svg | Microphone<br/>(]-style) IEC MIC.svg | Microphone<br/>(]-style)
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 224: Line 225:
{{See also|Antenna (radio)}} {{See also|Antenna (radio)}}
<gallery> <gallery>
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (55).svg | General antenna<br/>(]-style) IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (55).svg | General antenna<br/>(]-style)
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (58).svg | Dipole antenna<br/>(IEC-style) IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (58).svg | Dipole antenna<br/>(IEC-style)
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (61).svg| Loop antenna<br/>(IEC-style) IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (61).svg | Loop antenna<br/>(IEC-style)
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (60).svg| Loop antenna<br/>(IEEE-style) IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (60).svg | Loop antenna<br/>(IEEE-style)
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 244: Line 245:
There are numerous connector symbol variations. There are numerous connector symbol variations.
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Phone Jack Symbols.svg | TRS ] Phone Jack Symbols.svg | TRS ]
File:UEXTPINS.jpg | ] connector based on ] with notch key UEXTPINS.svg | ] connector based on a 5x2 ] with notch key
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 258: Line 259:


<gallery> <gallery>
File:Buffer ANSI Labelled.svg | ] Buffer ANSI Labelled.svg | ]
File:NOT ANSI Labelled.svg | ] (NOT) NOT ANSI Labelled.svg | ] (NOT)
File:AND ANSI Labelled.svg | ] AND ANSI Labelled.svg | ]
File:NAND ANSI Labelled.svg | ] NAND ANSI Labelled.svg | ]
File:OR ANSI Labelled.svg | ] OR ANSI Labelled.svg | ]
File:NOR ANSI Labelled.svg | ] NOR ANSI Labelled.svg | ]
File:XOR ANSI Labelled.svg | ] XOR ANSI Labelled.svg | ]
File:XNOR ANSI Labelled.svg | ] XNOR ANSI Labelled.svg | ]
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 271: Line 272:


<gallery widths="200px" heights="80px"> <gallery widths="200px" heights="80px">
File:Schmitt trigger symbol.svg | Buffer gate with ] input Schmitt trigger symbol.svg | Buffer gate with ] input
File:Tristate buffer.svg | Buffer gate with ] output control.<br/>(B is the tri-state control) Tristate buffer.svg | Buffer gate with ] output control.<br/>(B is the tri-state control)
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 282: Line 283:


<gallery> <gallery>
File:Inverted SR Flip-flop.svg | Simple SR flip-flop (inverted S & R inputs) Inverted SR Flip-flop.svg | Simple SR flip-flop (inverted S & R inputs)
File:Gated SR flip-flop Symbol.svg | Gated SR flip-flop Gated SR flip-flop Symbol.svg | Gated SR flip-flop
File:Transparent Latch Symbol.svg | Gated D flip-flop (Transparent Latch) Transparent Latch Symbol.svg | Gated D flip-flop (Transparent Latch)
File:D-Type Flip-flop.svg | Clocked D flip-flop<br/>(Set & Reset inputs) D-Type Flip-flop.svg | Clocked D flip-flop<br/>(Set & Reset inputs)
File:JK Flip-flop (Simple) Symbol.svg | Clocked JK flip-flop JK Flip-flop (Simple) Symbol.svg | Clocked JK flip-flop
File:T-Type Flip-flop.svg | Clocked T flip-flop T-Type Flip-flop.svg | Clocked T flip-flop
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 293: Line 294:
Note: The outside text isn't part of these symbols. Note: The outside text isn't part of these symbols.
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Op-amp symbol.svg | ] (opamp) Op-amp symbol.svg | ] (opamp)
File:Comparator symbol.svg | ] Comparator symbol.svg | ]
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 300: Line 301:
{{See also|Electronic oscillator}} {{See also|Electronic oscillator}}
<gallery> <gallery>
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (113).svg | ]<br/>(IEEE-style) IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (113).svg | ] (IEEE{{nbh}}style)
File:Schaltsymbol-Keramikresonator.svg | ]<br/>(3 pins) Schaltsymbol-Keramikresonator.svg | ] (3&nbsp;pins)
</gallery> </gallery>


===Miscellaneous devices=== ===Miscellaneous devices===
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Common Hall Sensor Symbol.png | ] Common Hall Sensor Symbol.png | ]
File:Symbol Surge Arrester.svg | ]s (GDT) for ] discharge Symbol Surge Arrester.svg | ]s (GDT) for ] discharge
File:Symbol Spark gap.svg | ]<br/>for ] discharge Symbol Spark gap.svg | ] for ] discharge
</gallery> </gallery>


Line 317: Line 318:
All of the following are obsolete capacitor symbols. All of the following are obsolete capacitor symbols.
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Polarized capacitor symbol 5.png | Obsolete capacitor<br/>(very old style) Polarized capacitor symbol 5.png | Obsolete capacitor (very old style)
File:Capacitor old.svg | Obsolete capacitor Capacitor old.svg | Obsolete capacitor
File:Capacitor old with polarity.svg | Obsolete capacitor Capacitor old with polarity.svg | Obsolete capacitor
File:Polarized capacitor symbol 3.svg | Obsolete capacitor Polarized capacitor symbol 3.svg | Obsolete capacitor
File:Elco's.jpg | Obsolete capacitor Elco's.jpg | Obsolete capacitor
</gallery> </gallery>



Latest revision as of 02:46, 17 December 2024

Pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions
Common circuit diagram symbols (US ANSI symbols)

An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit. These symbols are largely standardized internationally today, but may vary from country to country, or engineering discipline, based on traditional conventions.

Standards for symbols

The graphic symbols used for electrical components in circuit diagrams are covered by national and international standards, in particular:

  • IEC 60617 (also known as BS 3939).
  • There is also IEC 61131-3 – for ladder-logic symbols.
  • JIC JIC (Joint Industrial Council) symbols as approved and adopted by the NMTBA (National Machine Tool Builders Association). They have been extracted from the Appendix of the NMTBA Specification EGPl-1967.
  • ANSI Y32.2-1975 (also known as IEEE Std 315-1975 or CSA Z99-1975).
  • IEEE Std 91/91a: graphic symbols for logic functions (used in digital electronics). It is referenced in ANSI Y32.2/IEEE Std 315.
  • Australian Standard AS 1102 (based on a slightly modified version of IEC 60617; withdrawn without replacement with a recommendation to use IEC 60617).

The standards do not all agree, and use of unusual (even if standardized) symbols can lead to confusion and errors. Symbols usage is sometimes idiosyncratic to engineering disciplines, and national or local variations to international standards exist. For example, lighting and power symbols used as part of architectural drawings may be different from symbols for devices used in electronics.

Common electronic symbols

Symbols shown are typical examples, not a complete list.

Traces

Wire crossover symbols for circuit diagrams. The CAD symbol for insulated crossing wires is the same as the older, non-CAD symbol for non-insulated crossing wires. To avoid confusion, the wire "jump" (semi-circle) symbol for insulated wires in non-CAD schematics is recommended (as opposed to using the CAD-style symbol for no connection), so as to avoid confusion with the original, older style symbol, which means the exact opposite. The newer, recommended style for 4-way wire connections in both CAD and non-CAD schematics is to stagger the joining wires into T-junctions. The large dot signifies an electrical connection.

Grounds

The shorthand for ground is GND. Optionally, the triangle in the middle symbol may be filled in.

  • General ground (IEC‑style) General ground (IEC‑style)
  • Signal/low-noise ground (the asterisk is not part of the symbol) Signal/low-noise ground (the asterisk is not part of the symbol)
  • Chassis ground (IEC‑style) Chassis ground (IEC‑style)

Sources

  • DC voltage source DC voltage source
  • Controlled DC voltage source Controlled DC voltage source
  • Current source Current source
  • Controlled current source Controlled current source
  • AC voltage source AC voltage source

Resistors

See also: Resistor

It is very common for potentiometer and rheostat symbols to be used for many types of variable resistors and trimmers.

Capacitors

See also: Capacitor
  • General capacitor (IEC‑style); sometimes drawn with one plate curved General capacitor (IEC‑style); sometimes drawn with one plate curved
  • Variable capacitor Variable capacitor
  • Ganged (co‑moving) variable capacitors (IEC‑style) Ganged (co‑moving) variable capacitors (IEC‑style)
  • Trimmer variable capacitor Trimmer variable capacitor
  • Polarized capacitor (American‑style), such as electrolytic and tantalum capacitors Polarized capacitor (American‑style), such as electrolytic and tantalum capacitors

Diodes

See also: Diode

Optionally, the triangle in these symbols may be filled in, or a line may be drawn through the triangle (less desirable). The words anode and cathode aren't part of the diode symbols. For instructional purposes, sometimes two letters (A/C or A/K) are placed next to diode symbols similar to how the letters C/B/E or D/G/S are placed next to transistor symbols. "K" is often used instead of "C", because the origin of the word cathode is kathodos, and to avoid confusion with "C" for capacitors in silkscreen of printed circuit boards.

Bridge rectifiers

See also: Bridge rectifier

There are many ways to draw a single-phase bridge rectifier symbol. Some show the internal diode circuit, some don't.

  • Bridge rectifier Bridge rectifier
  • Bridge rectifier Bridge rectifier
  • Bridge rectifier Bridge rectifier
  • Bridge rectifier Bridge rectifier
  • Three-phase bridge rectifier Three-phase bridge rectifier

Inductors

See also: Inductor

An inductor can be drawn either as a series of loops, or series of half-circles.

  • Inductor symbol (series of loops) Inductor symbol (series of loops)
  • Air-core inductor (IEC‑style) Air-core inductor (IEC‑style)
  • Magnetic-core inductor (IEEE‑style) Magnetic-core inductor (IEEE‑style)
  • Tapped inductor (IEC‑style) Tapped inductor (IEC‑style)
  • Ferrite bead (IEEE‑style) Ferrite bead (IEEE‑style)
  • Variable inductor Variable inductor
  • Trimmer variable inductor Trimmer variable inductor

Transformers

See also: Transformer
  • Transformer Transformer
  • Transformer with center tap on secondary winding (right side) Transformer with center tap on secondary winding (right side)
  • Transformer with two secondary windings (right side) Transformer with two secondary windings (right side)
  • Current transformer Current transformer
  • Zero-sequence current transformer (ZSCT) (also known as a window-type current transformer) Zero-sequence current transformer (ZSCT) (also known as a window-type current transformer)
  • Bushing-type current transformer Bushing-type current transformer
  • Voltage transformer Voltage transformer

Transistors

See also: Transistor

Optionally, transistor symbols may include a circle. Note: The pin letters B/C/E and G/D/S aren't part of the transistor symbols.

Bipolar

See also: Bipolar junction transistor

Unipolar

See also: Field-effect transistor

Vacuum tubes

See also: Vacuum tube

Switches

See also: Switch

For multiple pole switches, a dotted or dashed line can be included to indicate two or more switch at the same time (see DPST and DPDT examples below).

  • Pushbutton, normally open, push-to-make (horizontal line on top) Pushbutton, normally open, push-to-make (horizontal line on top)
  • Pushbutton, normally open, push-to-make (IEEE-style) Pushbutton, normally open, push-to-make (IEEE-style)
  • Pushbutton, normally closed, push-to-break (IEEE-style) Pushbutton, normally closed, push-to-break (IEEE-style)
  • Pushbutton, normally closed, two circuits (IEEE-style) Pushbutton, normally closed, two circuits (IEEE-style)
  • Switch, 1P1T, SPST (single-pole single-throw) Switch, 1P1T, SPST (single-pole single-throw)
  • Switch, 1P2T, SPDT (single-pole double-throw) Switch, 1P2T, SPDT (single-pole double-throw)
  • Switch, 2P1T, DPST (double-pole single-throw) Switch, 2P1T, DPST (double-pole single-throw)
  • Switch, 2P2T, DPDT (double-pole double-throw) Switch, 2P2T, DPDT (double-pole double-throw)
  • Slide switch, 1P3T, break-before-make, nonshorting style Slide switch, 1P3T,
    break-before-make, nonshorting style
  • Slide switch, 1P4T, break-before-make, nonshorting style Slide switch, 1P4T,
    break-before-make, nonshorting style
  • Slide switch, 1P4T, make-before-break, shorting style Slide switch, 1P4T,
    make-before-break, shorting style
  • Rotary switch, 1P3T, break-before-make, nonshorting style Rotary switch, 1P3T,
    break-before-make, nonshorting style
  • Rotary switch, 1P4T, break-before-make, nonshorting style Rotary switch, 1P4T,
    break-before-make, nonshorting style
  • Rotary switch, 1P4T, make-before-break, shorting style Rotary switch, 1P4T,
    make-before-break, shorting style

Relays

See also: Relay

Relays symbols are a combination of an inductor symbol and switch symbol.

Note: The pin letters in these symbols aren't part of the standard relay symbol.

  • SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT relays (American‑style) SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT relays (American‑style)
  • SPDT relay (IEC‑style) SPDT relay (IEC‑style)

Lamps

LED are located in the diode section.

Current limiters

Electro-acoustic devices

Speaker symbols sometimes include an internal inductor symbol.

Antennas

See also: Antenna (radio)
  • General antenna (IEC-style) General antenna
    (IEC-style)
  • Dipole antenna (IEC-style) Dipole antenna
    (IEC-style)
  • Loop antenna (IEC-style) Loop antenna
    (IEC-style)
  • Loop antenna (IEEE-style) Loop antenna
    (IEEE-style)

Cables

See also: Electrical cable
  • Cable, Shielded 1 conductor Cable, Shielded 1 conductor
  • Cable, 2 conductor Cable, 2 conductor
  • Cable, Shielded 2 conductor with shield connected to ground Cable, Shielded 2 conductor with shield connected to ground
  • Cable, 5 conductor Cable, 5 conductor
  • Cable, Shielded 5 conductor Cable, Shielded 5 conductor

Connectors

See also: Electrical connector

There are numerous connector symbol variations.

ICs

See also: Integrated circuit

Logic gates

See also: Logic gates

For the symbols below: A and B are inputs, Q is output. Note: These letters are not part of the symbols.

There are variations of these logic gate symbols. Depending on the IC, the two-input gates below may have: 1) two or more inputs; 2) infrequently some have a second inverted Q output too.

The above logic symbols may have additional I/O variations too: 1) schmitt trigger inputs, 2) tri-state outputs, 3) open-collector or open-drain outputs (not shown).

Flip-flops

See also: Flip-flops

For the symbols below: Q is output, Q is inverted output, E is enable input, internal triangle shape is clock input, S is Set, R is Reset (some datasheets use clear (CLR) instead of reset along the bottom).

There are variations of these flip-flop symbols. Depending on the IC, a flip-flop may have: 1) one or both outputs (Q only, Q only, both Q & Q); 2) one or both forced inputs along top & bottom (R only, S only, both R & S); 3) some inputs may be inverted.

  • Simple SR flip-flop (inverted S & R inputs) Simple SR flip-flop (inverted S & R inputs)
  • Gated SR flip-flop Gated SR flip-flop
  • Gated D flip-flop (Transparent Latch) Gated D flip-flop (Transparent Latch)
  • Clocked D flip-flop (Set & Reset inputs) Clocked D flip-flop
    (Set & Reset inputs)
  • Clocked JK flip-flop Clocked JK flip-flop
  • Clocked T flip-flop Clocked T flip-flop

OpAmps

Note: The outside text isn't part of these symbols.

Oscillators

See also: Electronic oscillator

Miscellaneous devices

Historical electronic symbols

The shape of some electronic symbols have changed over time. The following historical electronic symbols can be found in old electronic books / magazines / schematics, and now considered obsolete.

Capacitors (historical)

All of the following are obsolete capacitor symbols.

  • Obsolete capacitor (very old style) Obsolete capacitor (very old style)
  • Obsolete capacitor Obsolete capacitor
  • Obsolete capacitor Obsolete capacitor
  • Obsolete capacitor Obsolete capacitor
  • Obsolete capacitor Obsolete capacitor

See also

References

  1. "IEEE Standard American National Standard Canadian Standard Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters)," in IEEE Std 315-1975 (Reaffirmed 1993), vol., no., pp.i-244, 1993, doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1993.93397.
  2. ^ Sobering, Tim (April 2008). Guidelines for Drawing Schematics.
  3. Circuit Symbols for all Electronic Components. Talking Electronics, 2013. Retrieved 01 Apr 2015.
  4. Electrical Symbols & Electronic Symbols. RapidTables, 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  5. "Standards for Resistor Symbols". EePower. EETech Media. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  6. "A4.11 Envelope or Enclosure". ANSI Y32.2-1975 (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2020-12-29. The envelope or enclosure symbol may be omitted from a symbol referencing this paragraph, where confusion would not result

Further reading

Standards
Books

External links

Electronic components
Semiconductor
devices
MOS
transistors
Other
transistors
Diodes
Other
devices
Voltage regulators
Vacuum tubes
Vacuum tubes (RF)
Cathode-ray tubes
Gas-filled tubes
Adjustable
Passive
Reactive
Categories: