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{{short description|Title used by Telugu castes}}
Naidu
'''Naidu''' (also spelled as '''Nayudu''', '''Naidoo''') is a ] title commonly used by various ] castes. 'Nayudu/Naidu' (నాయుడు) is a contraction of the ] word 'Nayakudu' (నాయకుడు) meaning leader, chief, headman.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Charles Philip |author-link=Charles Philip Brown |date=1903 |title=A Telugu-English Dictionary |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/brown_query.py?searchhws=yes&qs=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81 |access-date=7 April 2023 |website= |page=644 |via=] |edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=నిఘంటుశోధన - తెలుగు నిఘంటువు |url=https://andhrabharati.com/dictionary/index.php?w=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81 |access-date=7 April 2023 |website=Andhra Bharati}}</ref> Telugu castes such as the ]/]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Misra |first1=Promode Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YekBAAAAMAAJ&q=balija+naidu |title=Nomads in the Mysore City |last2=Misra |first2=Rajalakshmi |last3=Rajalakshmi |first3=Chennkeswara Ramanuja |last4=Verghese |first4=Isaac |date=1971 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |page=7,8 2 |language=en |quote=Balija Naidu}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Wiebe |first=Paul D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1oyAAAAMAAJ&q=Balijas+boyas+Gollas+Kapus |title=Social Life in an Indian Slum |date=1975 |publisher=Carolina Academic Press |isbn=978-0-89089-051-6 |page=63 |language=en |quote=Naidu is a title of honour and has been used by such Telugu castes as the ]s, ], ], and ]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Rural Non Form Growth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTbtAAAAMAAJ&q=Kapu+Naidu |pages=215 |year=2006 |publisher=Serials Publications |isbn=9788183870092 |quote=Kapu Naidu}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Shashi |first=Shyam Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOIjAQAAIAAJ&q=Telaga+naidu |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Tribes: Andhra Pradesh |date=1994 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-836-8 |pages=196. 195 |language=en |quote=But Reddis, Kammas, and Telaga Naidu are equal in social rank. They are originally agricultural castes. |author-link=Shyam Singh Shashi}}</ref> ], ],<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Thurston |first1=Edgar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnB3k8fx5oEC&dq=gavara&pg=PA138 |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India |last2=Rangachari |first2=K. |publisher=Government press |year=1909 |isbn=9781727472912 |page=138}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1285 | title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles | isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 | last1=Singh | first1=K. S. | date=1996 | publisher=Anthropological Survey of India }}</ref> ],<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Misra|first1=Promode Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YekBAAAAMAAJ&q=Golla|title=Nomads in the Mysore City|last2=Misra|first2=Rajalakshmi|last3=Rajalakshmi|first3=Chennkeswara Ramanuja|last4=Verghese|first4=Isaac|date=1971|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|page=35|language=en|quote=The Title "Naidu" is used by many of The Telugu-speaking communities such as ], ] and ].}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramamoorthy |first=L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYgOAAAAYAAJ&q=yadava+naidu+for+golla |title=Language Loyalty and Displacement: Among Telugu Minorities in Pondicherry |date=2000 |publisher=Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture |isbn=978-81-85452-10-4 |language=en}}</ref> ],<ref>{{Citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&q=Turupu+Kapu+Nayudu|title=Communities,Segments,Synonyms,Surnames and Titles|date=1996|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|page=1396|isbn=978-0-19-563357-3|language=en|quote=Turupu Kapu title Nayudu/Naidu}}</ref> ], ]<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last=Francis |first=C. |year=2006 |title=Private Investment in the Cotton Mills: A Case Study |journal=Journal of Indian History |volume=85 |page=<!--175–187--> 181 |quote=Naidu is a title assumed by a number of Telugu castes such as Balija, Bestha, Boya, Ekari, Gavara, Kaingi, Kamma, Kapu and Velama.}}</ref> among others use the title.
Naidu or Nayudu or Naidoo (derivative of ]) is a common title used by various social groups of ] and some of the ] speaking populations in ], ] an ].Majority of the Title users are ] speakers. It is a derivative of the ] word Nayakudu or ] and was predominantly used by ], ], and ] under the ] s. It is often used by two or more communities, like ] (and their sub-casts ], ], ]) who use the Naidu title exclusively while ] adapt the title only in specific regions. In south Tamil Nadu, Naicker or (Nayaker) title, which is the Tamil word for Naidu, is used by some Telugu speaking communities. In South Africa, people of Telugu descent use a Nayudu or Naidoo title; which is an alternative spelling for Naidu.At times it can be misleading or confusing to assume these title users to any one specific community in any given region.
==Name and Origins==
===Name===
] or ], as an origin can be traced out to the Western Chalukyan Expansion into ] Country rule during the 7th Century A.D. Naidu title in the Medieval times was associated with primarily with communities such as ] / ] / ] initially and later ] and ] who served as Commanders under various Andhra Dynasities like ], ] and ].
===Origins===
It is a title denoting a village or ] headman or ] or ] and was granted by Kings for those who were responsible for collecting taxes and maintaining order. As such eventually in modern times it was inherited as a title by many although they no longer were either collecting taxes or were in any in leadership positions in villages. It is a Telugu derivation of the ] title for a head of a band of soldiers known as ] the protector.
During the expansion of ] into Southern India it was also conferred to other non-Telugu speaking communities who served as Commanders or Barons or Governors under the Vijayanagar Emperors.


In ], the term Naidu primarily refers to ] caste.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Staples |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9j9DwAAQBAJ&dq=Naidu+kapu&pg=PA196 |title=Sacred Cows and Chicken Manchurian: The Everyday Politics of Eating Meat in India |date=2020 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-295-74789-7 |pages=196 |language=en |quote=Naidu—or Kapu, an alternative name for the same subcaste—is known as one of Andhra Pradesh's economically and politically dominant castes, along with the Reddis and the Kammas.}}</ref><ref name="JASI">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dn1CAAAAYAAJ&q=Kapu+Naidu |title=The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India |date=1990 |publisher=] |volume=39 |pages=70 |language=en |quote=The group is also known as Kapu, Naidu, Telaga in coastal districts of the state and is ethnically similar to Balija Naidus of Rayalaseema area of Andhra Pradesh.}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Prasada Bhoopaludu |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.497181/page/1381/mode/2up?q=%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE |title=Andhra Vignanamu |date=1939 |publisher=The Razan Electric Press |volume=3 |pages=1381–1383}}</ref>
==Title usage==
The word ] (Nayaka, a leader or chief) is used by the older writers in ] in several senses, of which the following ex. given by Yule and Burnell may be cited:
1. Native captain or headman
2. Title of honor among Hindus in the ]. "The kings of Deccan also have a custom when they will honor a man or recompense their service done, and raise him to dignity and honor. They give him the title of Nayak." -Linschoten
3. The general name of the Kings of Vijayanagar.
4. Naik, Naickan, Naicker, Nayak or Nayakkan has been used by the Tamil Pallis, Vanniars, Irulas, Vedans, and also by various Kanada castes:
===Andhra Pradesh===
According to Edgar Thurston (Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol. 5 pg. 138) Naidu or Nayudu is a title used by many Telugu castes. (In Alphabetical Order)
1. ] - All
2. ] - All
3. ] - n/a
4. ] - Some
5. ] - All
6. ] – n/a
7. ] – n/a
8. ] – n/a
===Tamil Nadu===
In ] the Naidu and ] title usage is used by most of the ] speaking communities and some ] speaking communities (] District). The ] Naidus who are mostly found in ], ] and Northern districts use Naidu title while in South districts they use the ] title. The community of ]s who are predominant in ] and western ] use Naidu title in ] and ] title in Southern Districts. The communities of ] Naidus and their sub-sects, who are scattered in all districts, use only Naidu title.


====Chennai ==== ==Notable people==
People bearing the title Naidu include:
Naidu title is used by ], ] and ]s.


* ], social activist from ]
====Coimbatore====
* ], politician, ] leader
In ], the ] speaking populations are predominantly ]s and everyone uses Naidu title.
* ], former Chief Minister of Madras Presidency
====South Tamil Nadu ====
* ], Indian ] pioneer known as the 'father of ] cricket'<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Eastman |first1=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TdfbAAAAQBAJ&dq=Buchi+Babu+Naidu&pg=PA7 |title=America's Game(s): A Critical Anthropology of Sport |last2=Ralph |first2=Michael |last3=Brown |first3=Sean |date=2007-12-12 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-80263-8 |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref>
=====Nayaker Title=====
* ], India's first female cricket commentator<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dani |first=Bipin |date=5 April 2021 |title=India's first woman commentator Chandra Nayudu no more |work=] |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sports/cricket/article/indias-first-woman-commentator-chandra-nayudu-no-more-23166951}}</ref>
The Telugu communities ] (Gollala) and ] ,predominantly found in the South West districts use the title ] but rarely the Naidu title.
* ], Telugu cinematographer
]s in Southern districts starting from ], ], and upto ] use Naicker title.
* ], first captain of the ] and one of India's greatest cricketers<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Boria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGFFG_deJy4C&dq=Nayudu+universally+one+greatest+cricketers+ever+lived&pg=PA50 |title=Once Upon a Furore: Lost Pages of Indian Cricket |date=2004 |publisher=Yoda Press |isbn=978-81-902272-0-9 |pages=50 |language=en |quote=C. K. Nayudu is today universally acknowledged as one of the greatest Indian cricketers that ever lived. |author-link=Boria Majumdar}}</ref>
In ] and ]s the Naicker title is also used by a section of ] speaking communities.
* ], represented India in ] from 1934 to 1952
* ], former chairman of ]
* ], ] violinist
* ], Telugu film producer
* ], member of ]
* ], Indian industrialist, the founder of ] of companies
* ], former Minister, ], Andhra Pradesh
* ], first Law Minister of Andhra Pradesh
* ], scientist, inventor and businessman, known as "Edison of India"
* ], entrepreneur, founder of KG Group
* ], Speaker of Pondicherry Assembly (1985{{En dash}}1989)<ref name=":1522">{{Cite book |last=More |first=J. B. Prashant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cQ1uAAAAMAAJ |title=The Telugus of Yanam and Masulipatnam: From French Rule to Integration with India |date=2007 |publisher= |pages=263 |language=en |author-link=J. B. Prashant More}}</ref>
* ], ], ], and wrestler
* ], former ]; Telugu Desam Party leader
* ], Telugu Desam Party leader
* ], entrepreneur, founder of ]
* ], former Chief Minister and Governor of ]
* ], politician
* ], Indian actress
* ], 13th ]
* ], former ]
* ], social activist in South Africa
* ], politician, Telugu Desam Party
* ], current Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, leader of Telugu Desam Party
* ], Indian physician, politician, journalist and Indian independence activist
* ], educator, founder of ]
* ], former ] and member of the 10th ] of India
* ], freedom fighter
* ], minister of a small ] kingdom of ]
* ], former Minister, Andhra Pradesh
* ], commander of a ] unit
* ], sportsperson who represented ]
* ], filmmaker widely known as the "father of ]"
* ], Indian social reformer and educationist
* ], ]-winning ]
* ], independence activist and poet known as "nightingale of India"
* ], classical dancer
* ], physician
* ], politician; former MP and state minister
* ], writer and journalist, winner of ]<ref name="Kumari-19983">{{Cite book |last=Kumari |first=A. Vijaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r-ffeWmj2JUC&q=kapu&pg=PA89 |title=Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh |date=1998 |publisher=M.D. Publications |isbn=978-81-7533-072-6 |pages=14 |language=en}}</ref>
* ], freedom fighter
* ], ] Raja


== References ==
{{reflist}}


{{surname}}


]

]
===] and ]===
]
1. Mogers in some parts of South Canara prefer the title Naiker to the ordinary caste title of Marakaleru.
]
2. Some Bunts have the same title.
]
3. The headman amongst the Lambadis is called Naik.
4. Naicker also occurs as a hereditary title in some Brahman families.
===Orissa===
In the state of ],the title ], ] or ] appears as the title of various Oriya classes.
==Usage abroad==
===South Africa===

It is used as a surname in ] where a variant spelling Naidoo or Nayudu. The usage may or may not denote ] ancestry any longer as intermarriage has diluted such identities.

===Sri Lanka===
In ] the title Naidu and Nayakar, is used amongst people the ] (]) population of Indian origins, largely due to the Nayakar or ] (1739-1815), who were Telugu speaking descendants of ] kings. The last rulers are also known as the ] Dynasty of Kandy. ] is used by Singhalese population in Central and Hill Countries of the Island.

===Mauritius===
In ] it is a surname among people of ] origins, not necessarily ] speaking, but also amongst ] speaking population.

===Fiji, Guyana and West Indies===
In ], ] ,] and it is a surname of the broader ] and has lost its ] origins completely.

===Malaysia===
In ] it used by Telugus to denote their Telugu ancestry.
===Dynasties===
All governors of ] used the ] title, of whom many who established independent sovereigns in ] bearing the Nayak surnames. Notable of them were the
*Nayaks of ]
*Nayaks of ]
*]
*]
*] (Sri Lanka)
Nayaks were also used by various other rulers, chieftains and Polygars in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Hyder Ali of Mysore was also known as Hyder Naik.

Latest revision as of 07:36, 17 December 2024

Title used by Telugu castes

Naidu (also spelled as Nayudu, Naidoo) is a Telugu title commonly used by various Telugu castes. 'Nayudu/Naidu' (నాయుడు) is a contraction of the Telugu word 'Nayakudu' (నాయకుడు) meaning leader, chief, headman. Telugu castes such as the Kapu/Balija Kamma, Gavara, Golla, Turpu Kapu, Velama, Boya among others use the title.

In Coastal Andhra, the term Naidu primarily refers to Kapu caste.

Notable people

People bearing the title Naidu include:

References

  1. Brown, Charles Philip (1903). "A Telugu-English Dictionary" (2nd ed.). p. 644. Retrieved 7 April 2023 – via Digital South Asia Library.
  2. "నిఘంటుశోధన - తెలుగు నిఘంటువు". Andhra Bharati. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  3. Misra, Promode Kumar; Misra, Rajalakshmi; Rajalakshmi, Chennkeswara Ramanuja; Verghese, Isaac (1971). Nomads in the Mysore City. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 7,8 2. Balija Naidu
  4. Wiebe, Paul D. (1975). Social Life in an Indian Slum. Carolina Academic Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-89089-051-6. Naidu is a title of honour and has been used by such Telugu castes as the Balijas, Boyas, Gollas, and Kapus
  5. Rural Non Form Growth, Serials Publications, 2006, p. 215, ISBN 9788183870092, Kapu Naidu
  6. Shashi, Shyam Singh (1994). Encyclopaedia of Indian Tribes: Andhra Pradesh. Anmol Publications. pp. 196. 195. ISBN 978-81-7041-836-8. But Reddis, Kammas, and Telaga Naidu are equal in social rank. They are originally agricultural castes.
  7. Thurston, Edgar; Rangachari, K. (1909). Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Government press. p. 138. ISBN 9781727472912.
  8. Singh, K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
  9. Misra, Promode Kumar; Misra, Rajalakshmi; Rajalakshmi, Chennkeswara Ramanuja; Verghese, Isaac (1971). Nomads in the Mysore City. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 35. The Title "Naidu" is used by many of The Telugu-speaking communities such as Balija, Bestha and Golla.
  10. Ramamoorthy, L. (2000). Language Loyalty and Displacement: Among Telugu Minorities in Pondicherry. Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture. ISBN 978-81-85452-10-4.
  11. Communities,Segments,Synonyms,Surnames and Titles, Anthropological Survey of India, 1996, p. 1396, ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3, Turupu Kapu title Nayudu/Naidu
  12. Francis, C. (2006). "Private Investment in the Cotton Mills: A Case Study". Journal of Indian History. 85: 181. Naidu is a title assumed by a number of Telugu castes such as Balija, Bestha, Boya, Ekari, Gavara, Kaingi, Kamma, Kapu and Velama.
  13. Staples, James (2020). Sacred Cows and Chicken Manchurian: The Everyday Politics of Eating Meat in India. University of Washington Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-295-74789-7. Naidu—or Kapu, an alternative name for the same subcaste—is known as one of Andhra Pradesh's economically and politically dominant castes, along with the Reddis and the Kammas.
  14. The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India. Vol. 39. Anthropological Survey of India. 1990. p. 70. The group is also known as Kapu, Naidu, Telaga in coastal districts of the state and is ethnically similar to Balija Naidus of Rayalaseema area of Andhra Pradesh.
  15. Prasada Bhoopaludu (1939). Andhra Vignanamu. Vol. 3. The Razan Electric Press. pp. 1381–1383.
  16. Eastman, Benjamin; Ralph, Michael; Brown, Sean (2007-12-12). America's Game(s): A Critical Anthropology of Sport. Routledge. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-136-80263-8.
  17. Dani, Bipin (5 April 2021). "India's first woman commentator Chandra Nayudu no more". Mid-Day.
  18. Majumdar, Boria (2004). Once Upon a Furore: Lost Pages of Indian Cricket. Yoda Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-81-902272-0-9. C. K. Nayudu is today universally acknowledged as one of the greatest Indian cricketers that ever lived.
  19. More, J. B. Prashant (2007). The Telugus of Yanam and Masulipatnam: From French Rule to Integration with India. p. 263.
  20. Kumari, A. Vijaya (1998). Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh. M.D. Publications. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-7533-072-6.
Surname listThis page lists people with the surname Naidu.
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