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Revision as of 15:48, 17 December 2019 edit207.72.1.96 (talk) →Later life: Fixed typoTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit Latest revision as of 08:17, 18 December 2024 edit undoProudbharati (talk | contribs)203 edits The term 'professional tennis' can be simplified to 'tennis' as the context already implies her professional status. 
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{{short description|Chinese-American tennis player}} {{short description|Chinese-American tennis player}}
{{Distinguish|Huna (disambiguation){{!}}Huna}} {{Distinguish|Huna (disambiguation){{!}}Huna}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Chinese name|]}} {{family name hatnote|]|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox tennis biography {{Infobox tennis biography
| name = Hu Na | name = Hu Na
|native_name = 胡娜 |native_name = 胡娜
| image = | image =
| country = {{CHN}}<br />{{USA}} (since 1983)<br />{{ROC}} (since 1996)<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908024221/http://www.huna.com.tw/html/huna.htm |date=2008-09-08 }}</ref>
| country = {{USA}}
| residence = ], ] | residence = ], Taiwan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1963|4|16}}<ref name="WTATour">{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/5738/title/hu-na|title=Hu Na (USA)|publisher=]}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1963|4|16}}<ref name="WTATour">{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/5738/title/hu-na|title=Hu Na (USA)|publisher=]}}</ref>
| birth_place = ], ], ] | birth_place = ], ], China
| height = | height =
| weight = | weight =
| turnedpro = | turnedpro = 1981
| retired = 1991<ref name="BangkokPost">{{cite news|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/sportsplus/sportsplus.php?id=129444|title=Former Chinese tennis star, defector, to return to China|last=Chang|first=David|newspaper=]|accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> | retired = 1991<ref name="BangkokPost">{{cite news|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/sportsplus/sportsplus.php?id=129444|title=Former Chinese tennis star, defector, to return to China|last=Chang|first=David|newspaper=]|access-date=2008-08-15}}</ref>
| plays = | plays =
| careerprizemoney = ] 208,560<ref name="WTATour"/> | careerprizemoney = ] 214,720<ref name="WTATour"/>
| singlesrecord = 75-97<ref name="WTATour"/> | singlesrecord = 75-97<ref name="WTATour"/>
| singlestitles = 0<ref name="WTATour"/> | singlestitles = 0<ref name="WTATour"/>
| highestsinglesranking = No. 48 (February 29, 1988)<ref name="WTATour"/> | highestsinglesranking = No. 48 (February 29, 1988)<ref name="WTATour"/>
| AustralianOpenresult = 2R (]) | AustralianOpenresult = 2R (])
| FrenchOpenresult = 2R (]) | FrenchOpenresult = 2R (])
| Wimbledonresult = 3R (]) | Wimbledonresult = 3R (])
| USOpenresult = 2R (], ]) | USOpenresult = 2R (], ])
| Othertournaments = | Othertournaments =
| MastersCupresult = | MastersCupresult =
| Olympicsresult = | Olympicsresult =
| doublesrecord = 45-67<ref name="WTATour"/> | doublesrecord = 45-67<ref name="WTATour"/>
| doublestitles = 1<ref name="WTATour"/> | doublestitles = 1 WTA<ref name="WTATour"/>
| highestdoublesranking = No. 49 (June 25, 1990)<ref name="WTATour"/> | highestdoublesranking = No. 49 (June 25, 1990)<ref name="WTATour"/>
| updated = | updated =
}} }}


'''Hu Na''' ({{zh|c=胡娜|p=Hú Nà}}; born April 16, 1963<ref name="WTATour"/>) is a former ] ] best known for defecting from the ] to the ] in 1982, thereby sparking a ]-era ]. ] between the two countries had been established in 1979, and the Hu Na incident was among the first major tests of those newly established relations. '''Hu Na''' ({{lang-zh|c=胡娜|p=Hú Nà}}; born April 16, 1963<ref name="WTATour"/>) is a former professional ] best known for defecting from the ] to the United States in 1982, thereby sparking a ]-era ]. ] between the two countries had been established in 1979, and the Hu Na incident was among the first major tests of those newly established relations.


==Early life== ==Early life==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=April 2024}}
Hu Na was a young and rising ] star from China's ] province. She had a talent for sports from a very early age, and spent several hours practicing every day. Noting her talent, her father was able to enroll her in a special athletic school. She took a special interest in tennis, going on to win first at the ] provincial-level competition, then the national-level young tennis tournament, making her China's top-ranked tennis player. At this point, she was invited to join the China national women's tennis team, based in ]. Hu Na was a young and rising tennis star from China's ] province. She had a talent for sports from an early age, and she spent several hours practicing every day. Her father enrolled her in a special athletic school. She took a special interest in tennis, winning first at provincial-level competition, then the national-level young tennis tournament, making her China's top-ranked tennis player. At this point, she was invited to join the China national women's tennis team, based in Beijing.


==Diplomatic incident== ==Diplomatic incident==

===Beginning of incident=== ===Beginning of incident===
⚫ In July 1982, while touring ] for ] with the ], on her second day in America, Hu Na fled her hotel room and sought refuge in the home of friends. In April 1983, she requested ], stating that she had a "well-founded" fear of persecution because of repeatedly refusing to join the ].{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}


⚫ ===Immediate reactions of American and Chinese governments===
⚫ In July 1982, while touring ] for ] with the ], on her second day in America, Hu Na fled her ] room and sought refuge in the home of friends. In April 1983, she requested ], stating that she had a "well-founded" fear of persecution because of repeatedly refusing to join the ].
⚫ The U.S. government allowed her to remain while it considered her request. It delayed nearly eight months in making a decision. On the one hand, Hu Na had considerable sympathy from President Reagan's administration and from the U.S. public, but on the other hand, U.S. diplomats knew that to grant Hu Na asylum almost certainly would damage relations with China and possibly drive it closer to the Soviet Union.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}


⚫ The Chinese government suggested that the 19-year-old star was too young to have made such a decision independently, and it pointed out that her lawyer was being paid for by donations from Taiwan. It promised not to punish her if she returned home, and it implied that separating Hu from her family by keeping her in the United States would be cruel.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Fragile Relationship: The United States and China Since 1972|first=Harry|last=Harding|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|year=1992|page=128}}</ref>
⚫ ===Immediate reactions of Chinese and American governments===
⚫ The US government allowed her to remain in America while it considered her request. It delayed nearly eight months in making a decision. On the one hand, Hu Na had considerable sympathy from President Reagan's administration and from the American public, but on the other hand, American diplomats knew that to grant Hu Na asylum would almost certainly damage relations with China and possibly drive it closer to the Soviet Union.

⚫ The Chinese government suggested that the 19-year-old star was too young to have made such a decision independently, and pointed out that her lawyer was being paid for by donations from Taiwan. It promised not to punish her if she returned home, and implied that separating Hu from her family by keeping her in the United States would be cruel.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Fragile Relationship: The United States and China Since 1972|first=Harry|last=Harding|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|year=1992|page=128}}</ref>


===Granting of asylum=== ===Granting of asylum===
⚫ The ] issued a memorandum supporting her asylum claim to the ], which had the ultimate responsibility to make a decision. On April 5, 1983, the United States formally granted Hu Na political asylum.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}


⚫ The ] was infuriated, stating that this constituted blatant U.S. intervention in its domestic affairs. It then announced it would sever all cultural and artistic ties between the two countries. A ] radio broadcasting delegation visit to China, scheduled to take place just a few days later, was cancelled. U.S. diplomats in Beijing found themselves cut off from invitations and contacts with the Chinese government.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}
⚫ The US Department of State finally issued a memo supporting her asylum claim to the Department of Justice, which had the ultimate responsibility to make a decision. On April 5, 1983, the United States formally granted Hu Na political asylum.

⚫ The Chinese government was infuriated, saying that this constituted blatant American intervention in its domestic affairs. They then announced they would sever all cultural and artistic ties between the two countries. A ] radio broadcasting delegation visit to China, scheduled to take place just a few days later, was cancelled. American diplomats in Beijing found themselves cut off from invitations and contacts with the Chinese government.


===Long-term effects=== ===Long-term effects===
⚫ Conservative think-tank ] called Hu Na's defection a clear win for American foreign policy.<ref name="Heritage Foundation">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/asb4.cfm|title=The Lessons of Playing Tough with China|last=Copper|first=John F.|publisher=]|date=1983-08-23|access-date=2008-08-15}}</ref> Although Hu Na was likely of little concern to the Chinese, the incident was an embarrassment for the Chinese government and brought to light other bilateral points of contention. One contemporary article<ref name="Time">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953788-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022004700/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953788-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 22, 2012|title=Furious Volley in No Win Match|last=Isaacson|first=Walter|magazine=]|date=1983-04-18|access-date=2008-08-15}}</ref> stated that the Chinese, through diplomatic channels, would not have complained as much if Hu Na had been granted some type of immigration status other than "political asylum".{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

⚫ Hu Na's defection was a clear win for American foreign policy.<ref name="Heritage Foundation">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/asb4.cfm|title=The Lessons of Playing Tough with China|last=Copper|first=John F.|publisher=]|date=1983-08-23|accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> While the asylum incident's aftershocks were at first severe, the incident did not impact long-term Sino-American relations. Although Hu Na herself was likely of little concern to the Chinese, the incident was an embarrassment for the Chinese government and brought to light other bilateral points of contention. One contemporary article<ref name="Time">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953788-1,00.html|title=Furious Volley in No Win Match|last=Isaacson|first=Walter|magazine=]|date=1983-04-18|accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> stated that the Chinese, through diplomatic channels, suggested that they would not have complained as much if Hu Na had been granted some type of ] status other than "political asylum".


==Later life== ==Later life==
⚫ After receiving asylum. Hu Na played tennis for the United States. Her best ] result was a third-round finish at the ]. She retired from professional play in 1991 after sustaining injuries.<ref name="BangkokPost"/>


⚫ Hu Na resettled in Taiwan, where she worked as a tennis commentator for ESPN, and she established the Hu Na Bitan Tennis Club in Taipei,<ref name="BangkokPost"/> which later trained the Taiwanese tennis star ]. She has returned to mainland China many times to promote the sport and visit her family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/20/sports/tennis/shame-a-taiwan-tennis-ace-flirts-with-china-and-big-money.html |title=Taiwan's Tennis Ace Flirts With China. How Could She? Cash. |newspaper=New York Times |author=Dan Levin |date=19 July 2013 |access-date=20 July 2013}}</ref>
⚫ After receiving asylum. Hu Na played professional tennis for the United States. Her best ] result was a third-round finish at the ]. She retired from professional play in 1991, however, after sustaining injuries.<ref name="BangkokPost"/>


In 2011, Hu Na had a dream which she interpreted as a sign to start painting. She has established herself as a professional painter. She has produced over 400 paintings in six years. In November 2012, she showed her artwork in her first oil painting world tour. In 2017, Hu Na held the Hu Na Lotus Sutra Oil Painting Collection World Tour.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71KtdLeVeUI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/71KtdLeVeUI |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Tennis star became artist with a new art exhibit (Chinese: 網球名將變宅女！胡娜油畫展今開展！－民視新聞.) |date=8 October 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Xiao Wen Lu |date=21 July 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20170721/971822.htm|title= Former Tennis star becomes Buddhism Sutra Painting Artist Overnight.(Chinese: 前網球名將胡娜 一夜成佛經繪畫藝術家)}}</ref>
⚫ Hu Na resettled in ], where she worked as a ] for ] and established the Hu Na Bitan Tennis Club in ]<ref name="BangkokPost"/> which later trained the Taiwanese tennis star ]. She has returned to mainland China many times to promote the sport and visit her family.
<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/20/sports/tennis/shame-a-taiwan-tennis-ace-flirts-with-china-and-big-money.html |title=Taiwan’s Tennis Ace Flirts With China. How Could She? Cash. |newspaper=New York Times |author=Dan Levin |date=19 July 2013 |accessdate=20 July 2013}}</ref>


==WTA Tour finals==
In 2011, Hu Na had a dream which she interpreted as a sign to start painting. Ever since then she has established herself as a professional painter. She has produced over 400 paintings in 6 years. In November 2012, she showcased her artwork in her first oil painting world tour. In 2017, Hu Na held the "Hu Na Lotus Sutra Oil Painting Collection World Tour".
===Doubles (1–2)===
<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71KtdLeVeUI |title=Tennis star became artist with a new art exhibit (Chinese: 網球名將變宅女！胡娜油畫展今開展！－民視新聞.) |date=8 October 2017}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
<ref>{{cite news |author=Xiao Wen Lu |date=21 July 2017 |accessdate=21 July 2017 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20170721/971822.htm|title= Former Tennis star becomes Buddhism Sutra Painting Artist Overnight.(Chinese: 前網球名將胡娜　一夜成佛經繪畫藝術家)}}</ref>
!style="width:40px"|Result
!style="width:35px" class="unsortable"|W/L
!style="width:60px"|Date
!style="width:160px"|Tournament
!style="width:50px"|Surface
!style="width:160px"|Partner
!style="width:160px"|Opponents
!style="width:100px" class="unsortable"|Score
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 0–1
| ]
| ], United States
| Hard (i)
| {{flagicon|USA}} ]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} ] <br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} ]
| 2–6, 3–6
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 1–1
| ]
| ], United States
| Hard
| {{flagicon|AUS}} ]
| {{flagicon|USA}} ] <br /> {{flagicon|USA}} ]
| 6–3, 6–2
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 1–2
| Apr 1990
| ], Japan
| Hard
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Michelle Jaggard-Lai
| {{flagicon|USA}} ] <br /> {{flagicon|AUS}} ]
| 0–6, 6–3, 1–6
|}


==See also== ==See also==
*] * ]


==References== ==References==
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Latest revision as of 08:17, 18 December 2024

Chinese-American tennis player Not to be confused with Huna.

In this Chinese name, the family name is Hu.
Hu Na
Native name胡娜
Country (sports) China
 United States (since 1983)
 Republic of China (since 1996)
ResidenceTaipei, Taiwan
Born (1963-04-16) April 16, 1963 (age 61)
Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Turned pro1981
Retired1991
Prize moneyUS$ 214,720
Singles
Career record75-97
Career titles0
Highest rankingNo. 48 (February 29, 1988)
Grand Slam singles results
Australian Open2R (1987)
French Open2R (1990)
Wimbledon3R (1985)
US Open2R (1985, 1986)
Doubles
Career record45-67
Career titles1 WTA
Highest rankingNo. 49 (June 25, 1990)

Hu Na (Chinese: 胡娜; pinyin: Hú Nà; born April 16, 1963) is a former professional tennis player best known for defecting from the People's Republic of China to the United States in 1982, thereby sparking a Cold War-era diplomatic incident. Diplomatic relations between the two countries had been established in 1979, and the Hu Na incident was among the first major tests of those newly established relations.

Early life

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Hu Na was a young and rising tennis star from China's Sichuan province. She had a talent for sports from an early age, and she spent several hours practicing every day. Her father enrolled her in a special athletic school. She took a special interest in tennis, winning first at provincial-level competition, then the national-level young tennis tournament, making her China's top-ranked tennis player. At this point, she was invited to join the China national women's tennis team, based in Beijing.

Diplomatic incident

Beginning of incident

In July 1982, while touring California for 1982 Federation Cup with the China Federation Cup team, on her second day in America, Hu Na fled her hotel room and sought refuge in the home of friends. In April 1983, she requested political asylum, stating that she had a "well-founded" fear of persecution because of repeatedly refusing to join the Chinese Communist Party.

Immediate reactions of American and Chinese governments

The U.S. government allowed her to remain while it considered her request. It delayed nearly eight months in making a decision. On the one hand, Hu Na had considerable sympathy from President Reagan's administration and from the U.S. public, but on the other hand, U.S. diplomats knew that to grant Hu Na asylum almost certainly would damage relations with China and possibly drive it closer to the Soviet Union.

The Chinese government suggested that the 19-year-old star was too young to have made such a decision independently, and it pointed out that her lawyer was being paid for by donations from Taiwan. It promised not to punish her if she returned home, and it implied that separating Hu from her family by keeping her in the United States would be cruel.

Granting of asylum

The U.S. Department of State issued a memorandum supporting her asylum claim to the U.S. Department of Justice, which had the ultimate responsibility to make a decision. On April 5, 1983, the United States formally granted Hu Na political asylum.

The Chinese government was infuriated, stating that this constituted blatant U.S. intervention in its domestic affairs. It then announced it would sever all cultural and artistic ties between the two countries. A Voice of America radio broadcasting delegation visit to China, scheduled to take place just a few days later, was cancelled. U.S. diplomats in Beijing found themselves cut off from invitations and contacts with the Chinese government.

Long-term effects

Conservative think-tank The Heritage Foundation called Hu Na's defection a clear win for American foreign policy. Although Hu Na was likely of little concern to the Chinese, the incident was an embarrassment for the Chinese government and brought to light other bilateral points of contention. One contemporary article stated that the Chinese, through diplomatic channels, would not have complained as much if Hu Na had been granted some type of immigration status other than "political asylum".

Later life

After receiving asylum. Hu Na played tennis for the United States. Her best Grand Slam result was a third-round finish at the 1985 Wimbledon. She retired from professional play in 1991 after sustaining injuries.

Hu Na resettled in Taiwan, where she worked as a tennis commentator for ESPN, and she established the Hu Na Bitan Tennis Club in Taipei, which later trained the Taiwanese tennis star Hsieh Su-wei. She has returned to mainland China many times to promote the sport and visit her family.

In 2011, Hu Na had a dream which she interpreted as a sign to start painting. She has established herself as a professional painter. She has produced over 400 paintings in six years. In November 2012, she showed her artwork in her first oil painting world tour. In 2017, Hu Na held the Hu Na Lotus Sutra Oil Painting Collection World Tour.

WTA Tour finals

Doubles (1–2)

Result W/L Date Tournament Surface Partner Opponents Score
Loss 0–1 Oct 1987 Indianapolis, United States Hard (i) United States Beverly Bowes Australia Jenny Byrne
Australia Michelle Jaggard-Lai 		2–6, 3–6
Win 1–1 Jul 1989 Schenectady, United States Hard Australia Michelle Jaggard-Lai United States Sandra Birch
United States Debbie Graham 		6–3, 6–2
Loss 1–2 Apr 1990 Tokyo, Japan Hard Australia Michelle Jaggard-Lai United States Kathy Jordan
Australia Elizabeth Smylie 		0–6, 6–3, 1–6

See also

References

  1. Know about Hu Na (Club of Hu Na) Archived 2008-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "Hu Na (USA)". Women's Tennis Association.
  3. ^ Chang, David. "Former Chinese tennis star, defector, to return to China". Bangkok Post. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
  4. Harding, Harry (1992). A Fragile Relationship: The United States and China Since 1972. Brookings Institution Press. p. 128.
  5. Copper, John F. (August 23, 1983). "The Lessons of Playing Tough with China". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
  6. Isaacson, Walter (April 18, 1983). "Furious Volley in No Win Match". Time. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
  7. Dan Levin (July 19, 2013). "Taiwan's Tennis Ace Flirts With China. How Could She? Cash". New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  8. "Tennis star became artist with a new art exhibit (Chinese: 網球名將變宅女！胡娜油畫展今開展！－民視新聞.)". October 8, 2017. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021.
  9. Xiao Wen Lu (July 21, 2017). "Former Tennis star becomes Buddhism Sutra Painting Artist Overnight.(Chinese: 前網球名將胡娜 一夜成佛經繪畫藝術家)". Retrieved July 21, 2017.

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