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{{Short description|White supremacist gang}} | ||
{{protection padlock|small=yes}} | |||
{{Infobox criminal organization | {{Infobox criminal organization | ||
| name = Nazi Lowriders | | name = Nazi Lowriders | ||
| image = File:Nazi_Lowriders_logo.gif | | image = File:Nazi_Lowriders_logo.gif | ||
| image_size = <!--(defaults to 220px)--> | | image_size = <!--(defaults to 220px)--> | ||
| caption = Emblem of the Nazi Lowriders, based on the ] symbol | | caption = Emblem of the Nazi Lowriders, based on the '']'' symbol | ||
| founded = 1970s<ref name="adl"> ] (January 1, 2005) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014125138/https://www.adl.org/resources/profiles/nazi-low-riders |date=October 14, 2020 }}</ref> | |||
| founded = {{start date and age|1978}} | |||
| founder = <!--or | founders = --> | | founder = <!--or | founders = --> | ||
| named_after = | | named_after = | ||
| founding_location = ], California, United States<ref name=adl |
| founding_location = ], California, United States<ref name="adl"/> | ||
| years_active = |
| years_active = 1970s–present | ||
| territory = Primarily ] and ], with a smaller presence in numerous other states<ref name=adl |
| territory = Primarily ], with a smaller presence in numerous other U.S. states<ref name=adl/> | ||
| ethnicity = ], ]<ref name="cicad.oas.org">{{citation|work=Narcotics Digest Weekly|volume=4|issue=40|date=2005-10-04|publisher=National Drug Intelligence Center|title=Special Issue: Gangs in the United States|url=http://www.cicad.oas.org/Crimen_Organizado/ESP/Actualidad/Pandillas%20en%20USA.pdf|access-date=2009-11-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524220015/http://www.cicad.oas.org/Crimen_Organizado/ESP/Actualidad/Pandillas%20en%20USA.pdf|archive-date=2006-05-24}}</ref> | | ethnicity = ]<ref name="cicad.oas.org">{{citation|work=Narcotics Digest Weekly|volume=4|issue=40|date=2005-10-04|publisher=National Drug Intelligence Center|title=Special Issue: Gangs in the United States|url=http://www.cicad.oas.org/Crimen_Organizado/ESP/Actualidad/Pandillas%20en%20USA.pdf|access-date=2009-11-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524220015/http://www.cicad.oas.org/Crimen_Organizado/ESP/Actualidad/Pandillas%20en%20USA.pdf|archive-date=2006-05-24}}</ref> | ||
| membership_est = 1,000<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422235619/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2004/nazi-low-riders-boast-over-1000-members-most-prison |date=2021-04-22 }} Camille Jackson, ] (July 20, 2004)</ref> | | membership_est = 1,000<ref name="1,000 members"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422235619/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2004/nazi-low-riders-boast-over-1000-members-most-prison |date=2021-04-22 }} Camille Jackson, ] (July 20, 2004)</ref> | ||
| leaders = | | leaders = | ||
| activities = |
| activities = Drug trafficking, extortion, armed robbery, assault, murder, identity fraud, money laundering<ref name="adl"/><ref name="cicad.oas.org" /> | ||
| allies = <!-- Any and all additions to this section require a reliable source. --> {{plainlist| | |||
| allies = <!-- Any and all additions to this section require a reliable source. --> ]<ref name=adl /> <br> ]<ref name="''White Power Gangs: The NLR (Nazi Low Riders) Story''"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131193458/https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/white-power-gangs-nlr-nazi-low-riders-story |date=2022-01-31 }} B. Belt and G. Doyle, ] (March 1998)</ref> <br> ]<ref name=adl /> <br> ]<ref>{{cite news|last1=McCleskey|first1=O'Neill, Claire|title=The allies sureños have are "Skinheads" or "Nazis"|url=http://www.answers.com/news-briefs/sureños-allied-with-nazi-lowriders|publisher=InSight Crime|date=November 29, 2012|access-date=June 15, 2022|archive-date=May 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523024659/http://www.answers.com/news-briefs/sure%C3%B1os-allied-with-nazi-lowriders/|url-status=live}}</ref> <br> ]<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112104927/https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/combating-hate/ADL_CR_Bigots_on_Bikes_online.pdf |date=2019-11-12 }} ] (September 2011)</ref> | |||
* ]<ref name=adl /> | |||
* ]<ref name="White Power Gangs"> B. Belt and G. Doyle, ] (March 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131193458/https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/white-power-gangs-nlr-nazi-low-riders-story |date=January 31, 2022 }}</ref> | |||
* ]<ref name="drug">{{Cite news|last=Rosenzweig|first=David|date=August 3, 2000|title=Federal Prosecutors Target Prison Gang in Drug Crackdown|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-aug-03-me-63712-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306162913/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/aug/03/local/me-63712|archive-date=March 6, 2014}}</ref> | |||
* ]<ref name="Bigots on Bikes"> ] (September 2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112104927/https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/combating-hate/ADL_CR_Bigots_on_Bikes_online.pdf |date=November 12, 2019 }}</ref> | |||
* ]<ref name=adl /> | |||
* ]<ref>{{cite news|last1=McCleskey|first1=O'Neill, Claire|title=The allies sureños have are "Skinheads" or "Nazis"|url=http://www.answers.com/news-briefs/sureños-allied-with-nazi-lowriders|publisher=InSight Crime|date=November 29, 2012|access-date=June 15, 2022|archive-date=May 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523024659/http://www.answers.com/news-briefs/sure%C3%B1os-allied-with-nazi-lowriders/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
* ]<ref name="Bigots on Bikes"/> | |||
}} | |||
| rivals = <!-- Any and all additions to this section require a reliable source. --> | | rivals = <!-- Any and all additions to this section require a reliable source. --> | ||
| notable_members = | | notable_members = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Nazi Lowriders''', also known as '''NLR''' or '''the Ride''', are a ], ] ] syndicate, and ] and ] in the United States. Primarily based in ],<ref name="adl"/> the gang is allied with the larger ] and ] gangs,<ref name=drug /> and fellow ] gang ].<ref name=drug /> The Nazi Lowriders operate both in and outside of prison.<ref name="1,000 members"/> | |||
The '''Nazi Lowriders''' (or '''NLR''', or '''The Ride''') are a ], ] ], and ] and ] based primarily in ] and several areas around ]. They also are believed to have spread to other states, having small rural and suburban factions.<ref name=drug /><ref>{{cite news|date=June 15, 2007|title=Reputed prison gang members take plea deal|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jun-15-me-briefs15.2-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=May 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306162930/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jun/15/local/me-briefs15.2|archive-date=March 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=March 31, 2001|title=73 Firearms Seized, 2 Men Arrested|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-31-me-45102-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=May 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223034212/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/mar/31/local/me-45102|archive-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref> They are allies of the larger and more notorious gangs, the ] and the ] and fellow ] ]. Their main rivals are the ], the ], the ], ], ], and ].{{cn|date=January 2021}} The Nazi Lowriders operate in and outside of prison. Methamphetamine abuse is common among members of the group.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Finnegan|first=William|date=November 24, 1997|title=The Unwanted|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted|url-status=live|magazine=]|issue=December 1, 1997|page=60|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327232008/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted|archive-date=March 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="police">{{Cite magazine|last=Valdemar|first=Richard|date=February 1, 2008|title=The Rise and Fall of the Nazi Low Riders|url=https://www.policemag.com/373085/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-nazi-low-riders|url-status=live|magazine=Police: The Magazine for Cops|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910151526/http://www.policemag.com/blog/gangs/story/2008/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-nazi-low-riders.aspx|archive-date=September 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name="adl">{{Cite web|title=Nazi Low Riders|url=https://www.adl.org/resources/profiles/nazi-low-riders|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014125138/https://www.adl.org/resources/profiles/nazi-low-riders|archive-date=October 14, 2020|publisher=]}}</ref><ref>Morales, Gabe (ndg) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829162203/http://www.criminaljusticesolutionsllc.com/nazi-lowriders.html |date=2017-08-29 }} Criminal Justice Solutions, LLC</ref> NLR violence has struck the general public, including police officers. | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
The |
The Nazi Lowriders originated as a ] gang in the ] during the early-to-mid 1970s, and later established itself as a gang for young ] inmates.<ref name="adl"/> It was created by members of the ] (AB), the leading white gang in the ].<ref name="splc">{{cite magazine|last=Jackson|first=Carmille|date=July 20, 2004|title=Nazi Low Riders Boast Over 1,000 Members, Most in Prison|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2004/nazi-low-riders-boast-over-1000-members-most-prison|url-status=live|magazine=]|publisher=]|issue=114|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328073348/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2004/summer/nazi-low-riders|archive-date=March 28, 2011|access-date=May 26, 2017}}</ref> In the late 1970s or early 1980s, Aryan Brotherhood leader John Stinson began recruiting skinheads incarcerated in the California Youth Authority at the ] in ], and at the Youth Training School in ], to act as middlemen in the AB's criminal operations.<ref name="adl"/> | ||
The gang did not come to the attention of law enforcement until the early 1990s, by which time authorities in the ] had begun suppressing the Aryan Brotherhood's activities.<ref name="adl"/> The Nazi Lowriders' position as middlemen for the Aryan Brotherhood, along with the crackdown on the AB, allowed the gang to supplant the Brotherhood as the most prominent white prison gang in California.<ref name="12 Inmates Accused"> David Rosenzweig, '']'' (February 15, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807205333/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-15-me-nazi15-story.html |date=August 7, 2023 }}</ref> While maintaining its presence in the prison system, the Nazi Lowriders also became a street gang, firstly in ], and later in ] and ], during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Due to gang's rapid expansion, links with other ] gangs, and highly organized operations, the Nazi Lowriders established themselves as a significant crime group on the ].<ref name="adl"/> | |||
⚫ | The gang eventually progressed from being muscle for the Brotherhood to a fast-growing gang in their own right. Unlike other white supremacist gangs in the US, they appear to be well organized and have developed links with other white organizations throughout the West Coast, including the ]. Paroled gang members have been known to move east to further spread the organization's reach. | ||
As opposed to other white criminal gangs in California prisons, the NLR gained a reputation for being very violent. They are labeled as a ] by the ]. They are strong in numbers in such California communities as ], ], ], ], Rosamond and ]. The "Nazi" part of their name is more a sign of a racist belief in white supremacy than ], while "Lowriders" is a play on the term used for Hispanic gangs.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} | |||
⚫ | On January 28, 1999, California prison officials recognized the Lowriders as a prison gang. Consequently, in an attempt to disrupt the gang's criminal activities, inmates known to be members can now be subjected to removal from the general population, as well as other restrictive treatments. To this, the Lowriders have responded by striking an alliance with ], another white disruptive group, which has since taken over the reins on California's white mainline prison population. Where ] and NLR have left off, PENI or Public Enemy No. 1 (Pronounced 'PEE NYE') plan to continue the 'key holding'. | ||
⚫ | The gang eventually progressed from being muscle for the Aryan Brotherhood to a fast-growing gang in their own right. Unlike other white supremacist gangs in the US, they appear to be well organized and have developed links with other white organizations throughout the West Coast, including the ] and ]. Paroled gang members have been known to move east to further spread the organization's reach.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} | ||
⚫ | == Organization and |
||
⚫ | In prison, the Nazi Lowriders have a three-tier hierarchy system consisting of senior members, junior members, and kids. The seniors typically lead the gang. For senior status, gang members must have been active for at least five years and been elected by at least three other senior members. Below them are juniors, who cannot themselves induct new members but can attempt to recruit potentials. Kids usually come from gangs like Public Enemy No.1, and the senior member who inducts them becomes their mentor. On the streets, the organization structure is not so clear, and appears to be more loosely connected. | ||
⚫ | On January 28, 1999, California prison officials recognized the Lowriders as a prison gang. Consequently, in an attempt to disrupt the gang's criminal activities, inmates known to be members can now be subjected to removal from the general population, as well as other restrictive treatments. To this, the Lowriders have responded by striking an alliance with ], another white disruptive group, which has since taken over the reins on California's white mainline prison population. Where ] and NLR have left off, PENI or Public Enemy No. 1 (Pronounced 'PEE NYE') plan to continue the 'key holding'.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} | ||
⚫ | Gang members may have ] and other body art depicting ] and SS ]s, although members are not necessarily required to bear them. A tattoo of the letters NLR (the acronym for "Nazi Lowriders") commonly appears on members' stomachs, backs or necks. Other popular tattoos include "Nazi Low Riders" written in Old English script or the ]. The logo of the NLR is a skeletal eagle holding a Nazi swastika, with the letters of the group based on the ] symbol. | ||
⚫ | == Organization and membership == | ||
⚫ | According to the ], "Despite the NLR's avowed racism, Latino last names and Latino wives and girlfriends are OK, but, experts say, members are supposed to be at least half Caucasian."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2004/nazi-low-riders-boast-over-1000-members-most-prison | title=Nazi Low Riders Boast over 1,000 Members, Most in Prison | newspaper=Southern Poverty Law Center | access-date=2020-11-28 | archive-date=2021-04-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422235619/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2004/nazi-low-riders-boast-over-1000-members-most-prison | url-status=live }}</ref> |
||
⚫ | In prison, the Nazi Lowriders have a three-tier hierarchy system consisting of senior members, junior members, and kids. The seniors typically lead the gang. For senior status, gang members must have been active for at least five years and been elected by at least three other senior members. Below them are juniors, who cannot themselves induct new members but can attempt to recruit potentials. Kids usually come from gangs like Public Enemy No.1, and the senior member who inducts them becomes their mentor. On the streets, the organization structure is not so clear, and appears to be more loosely connected.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} | ||
Nazi Lowriders members are typically aged in their teens and early 20s.<ref name="adl"/> | |||
⚫ | Gang members may have ] and other body art depicting ] and SS ]s, although members are not necessarily required to bear them. A tattoo of the letters NLR (the acronym for "Nazi Lowriders") commonly appears on members' stomachs, backs or necks. Other popular tattoos include "Nazi Low Riders" written in Old English script or the ]. The logo of the NLR is a skeletal eagle holding a Nazi swastika, with the letters of the group based on the ] symbol.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} | ||
⚫ | According to the ], "Despite the NLR's avowed racism, Latino last names and Latino wives and girlfriends are OK, but, experts say, members are supposed to be at least half Caucasian.".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2004/nazi-low-riders-boast-over-1000-members-most-prison | title=Nazi Low Riders Boast over 1,000 Members, Most in Prison | newspaper=Southern Poverty Law Center | access-date=2020-11-28 | archive-date=2021-04-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422235619/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2004/nazi-low-riders-boast-over-1000-members-most-prison | url-status=live }}</ref> In fact, much of the NLR's upper echelon is composed of Hispanics.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} Due to their extreme underground ties with other hardcore, racial organizations (such as ] or ]), experts say, "you must be at least half white blood but no black blood", meaning accepted Latino members must be only of ] descent, or be at least half Caucasian. All must show loyalty to the white race and subscribe to an ideology of hatred, especially against blacks and "race traitors".{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} | ||
The gang took its name from the phrase "]", which is associated with ] gangs, as an "act of ]".<ref name="adl"/> | |||
Methamphetamine abuse is common among members of the group.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Finnegan|first=William|date=November 24, 1997|title=The Unwanted|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted|url-status=live|magazine=]|issue=December 1, 1997|page=60|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327232008/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted|archive-date=March 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="police">{{Cite magazine|last=Valdemar|first=Richard|date=February 1, 2008|title=The Rise and Fall of the Nazi Low Riders|url=https://www.policemag.com/373085/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-nazi-low-riders|url-status=live|magazine=Police: The Magazine for Cops|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910151526/http://www.policemag.com/blog/gangs/story/2008/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-nazi-low-riders.aspx|archive-date=September 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name="adl"/><ref>Morales, Gabe (ndg) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829162203/http://www.criminaljusticesolutionsllc.com/nazi-lowriders.html |date=2017-08-29 }} Criminal Justice Solutions, LLC</ref> | |||
=== Ideology === | |||
While the Nazi Lowriders are primarily an ] entity, the gang's ] ideology is central to its identity. According to the ], the gang "champions its whiteness especially when recruiting members from skinhead gangs and among new inmates, but it is primarily driven by criminal profit". The NLR's racist ideology has been the motivation for numerous violent crimes carried out by the gang.<ref name="adl"/> | |||
=== Presence === | |||
The Nazi Lowriders are active primarily in ], with a smaller presence in other U.S. states, including Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Nevada and New Mexico. The gang's presence spread outside of California after members moved to other states in order to expand the NLR's criminal operations after being paroled from prison. The Nazi Lowriders first came to the attention of authorities as a street gang in ], and subsequently spread throughout Southern California, and later in ] and ].<ref name="adl"/> In Southern California, the gang is based in the ] and in ].<ref name="Man Pleads Guilty"> David Rosenzweig, '']'' (August 11, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722191922/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-aug-11-me-12071-story.html |date=July 22, 2023 }}</ref> | |||
The Nazi Lowriders had 28 confirmed members in 1996, but by 2000, the ] (FBI) estimated that the gang had 1,500 members in the California prison system and 400 in ]. In 1999, authorities identified 100 members of the gang in Nevada.<ref name="adl"/> | |||
== Criminal activity == | == Criminal activity == | ||
The organization is involved in criminal activity both in and out of prison, notably in the production and distribution of ], and has become a distributor of the drug in Southern California.<ref name=splc /><ref name=adl /><ref name=police /><ref name="drug"> |
The organization is involved in criminal activity both in and out of prison, notably in the production and distribution of ], and has become a distributor of the drug in Southern California.<ref name=splc /><ref name=adl /><ref name=police /><ref name="drug"/> The Nazi Lowiders also have connections with ]s, including the ],<ref name="White Power Gangs"/> the ],<ref name="Bigots on Bikes"/> and the ].<ref name="Bigots on Bikes"/> | ||
This gang is responsible for dozens of assaults, attempted murders, and murders around Southern California and is considered an extremely dangerous and violent gang.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hayes|first=Dade|date=October 28, 1997|title=Man Pleads Guilty to Racial Assaults|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-oct-28-me-47529-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801025157/http://articles.latimes.com/1997/oct/28/local/me-47529|archive-date=August 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Rosenzweig|first=David|date=June 8, 1999|title=Skinhead Gang Member Sentenced in Hate Crimes|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-08-me-45225-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311221839/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jun/08/local/me-45225|archive-date=March 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Larrubia|first=Evelyn|date=October 29, 1997|title=Supremacists Charged With Racial Murder|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-oct-29-mn-47894-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714043845/http://articles.latimes.com/1997/oct/29/news/mn-47894|archive-date=July 14, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Valdez|first=A.|date=March 1999|title=Nazi Low Riders|url=https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=177437|magazine=Police: The Law Enforcement Magazine|type=abstract|volume=23|issue=3|pages=46–48|id=NCJ Number 177437|via=the ]|access-date=2017-08-29|archive-date=2017-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829163748/https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=177437|url-status=live}}</ref> | This gang is responsible for dozens of assaults, attempted murders, and murders around Southern California and is considered an extremely dangerous and violent gang.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hayes|first=Dade|date=October 28, 1997|title=Man Pleads Guilty to Racial Assaults|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-oct-28-me-47529-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801025157/http://articles.latimes.com/1997/oct/28/local/me-47529|archive-date=August 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Rosenzweig|first=David|date=June 8, 1999|title=Skinhead Gang Member Sentenced in Hate Crimes|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-08-me-45225-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311221839/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jun/08/local/me-45225|archive-date=March 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Larrubia|first=Evelyn|date=October 29, 1997|title=Supremacists Charged With Racial Murder|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-oct-29-mn-47894-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714043845/http://articles.latimes.com/1997/oct/29/news/mn-47894|archive-date=July 14, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Valdez|first=A.|date=March 1999|title=Nazi Low Riders|url=https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=177437|magazine=Police: The Law Enforcement Magazine|type=abstract|volume=23|issue=3|pages=46–48|id=NCJ Number 177437|via=the ]|access-date=2017-08-29|archive-date=2017-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829163748/https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=177437|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
== |
=== Notable crimes === | ||
The Nazi Lowriders carried out two ]s against ] in ] in 1996.<ref name="adl"/> According to federal investigators, the street assaults were an attempt at "driving blacks out of the predominantly white community through a campaign of terror and violence". Gang members Eric Dillard and Danny Edward Williams used a baseball bat in the beating of Eric Miller outside a video rental store, on April 28, 1996. On July 8, 1996, Dillard, Williams and a juvenile who was not identified because of his age attacked and stabbed Marcus Cotton four times in the back. Williams was sentenced to 57 months' imprisonment, on June 1, 1998, and Dillard was sentenced to three years', on June 7, 1999. The third defendant was tried as a juvenile.<ref name="Man Pleads Guilty"/><ref name="Skinhead Sentenced"> David Rosenzweig, '']'' (June 8, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128194651/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-08-me-45225-story.html |date=November 28, 2020 }}</ref> | |||
Two Nazi Lowriders members, Shaun Broderick and Christopher Crawford, allegedly attacked Nathaniel Harris, an African American ] employee, with a 20-ounce hammer in a store parking lot in Lancaster, in March 1999. The pair were arrested and charged with assault with a deadly weapon and civil rights violations.<ref name="adl"/><ref name="2 Arrested"> Kurt Streeter, '']'' (March 25, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722210539/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-25-me-20765-story.html |date=July 22, 2023 }}</ref><ref name="2 Men Arrested"> Kurt Streeter, '']'' (March 25, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722210523/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-25-me-20928-story.html |date=July 22, 2023 }}</ref> | |||
In August 2001, Trevor David Thompson, a Nazi Lowrider and member of the ] from California, wounded Ashley McNeil, a 14-year old African American girl, in a ] in ]. McNeil was targeted because of her race, according to police.<ref name="adl"/> In May 2002, Thompson was sentenced to 30 years in prison after pleading guilty to attempted murder.<ref name="Spreading Hate"> Michael Koryta, '']'' (August 18, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208140145/https://www.religionnewsblog.com/469/spreading-hate |date=February 8, 2023 }}</ref> | |||
=== Investigations and prosecutions === | |||
On March 29, 2001, NLR members Marcello Castellano and Scott Kuhn were arrested after ] (LASD) deputies seized 73 firearms, including assault rifles, as well as hand grenades, body armor and a silencer, during raids on three locations in ]. A sheriff's uniform and Nazi paraphernalia were also recovered.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 31, 2001|title=73 Firearms Seized, 2 Men Arrested|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-31-me-45102-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=May 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223034212/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/mar/31/local/me-45102|archive-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref> | |||
A three-year investigation conducted by a task force headed by the FBI and the ] Police Department, with assistance from the ] (ATF), the ], the ] and the ], culminated with twelve members and associates of the Nazi Lowriders being charged in a 17-count indictment alleging extortion, conspiracy to distribute drugs in prison, witness tampering, robbery, attempted murder and murder, on February 13, 2002. All of those charged were already in custody at the time of the indictment. Michael Bridge, a high-level NLR member, and Robert Baltimore, a "soldier" in the gang, were charged with the murder of an inmate in 1996.<ref name="12 Inmates Accused"/> All twelve defendants pleaded guilty to federal ] charges, including a senior member of the gang who was sentenced to nearly 23 years in federal prison in 2003.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 15, 2007|title=Reputed prison gang members take plea deal|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jun-15-me-briefs15.2-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=May 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306162930/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jun/15/local/me-briefs15.2|archive-date=March 6, 2014}}</ref> | |||
== In popular culture == | |||
* In the 2017 crime film '']'', Jacob "Money" Harlon briefly has a cellmate named Ripper (played by ]) who is a member of the Nazi Lowriders, sporting an "NLR" tattoo across his forehead. | * In the 2017 crime film '']'', Jacob "Money" Harlon briefly has a cellmate named Ripper (played by ]) who is a member of the Nazi Lowriders, sporting an "NLR" tattoo across his forehead. | ||
==See also== | == See also == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
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Latest revision as of 23:43, 18 December 2024
White supremacist gangCriminal organization
Emblem of the Nazi Lowriders, based on the Reichsadler symbol | |
Founded | 1970s |
---|---|
Founding location | Preston Youth Correctional Facility, California, United States |
Years active | 1970s–present |
Territory | Primarily Southern California, with a smaller presence in numerous other U.S. states |
Ethnicity | White American |
Membership (est.) | 1,000 |
Activities | Drug trafficking, extortion, armed robbery, assault, murder, identity fraud, money laundering |
Allies |
The Nazi Lowriders, also known as NLR or the Ride, are a neo-Nazi, white supremacist organized crime syndicate, and prison and street gang in the United States. Primarily based in Southern California, the gang is allied with the larger Aryan Brotherhood and Mexican Mafia gangs, and fellow peckerwood gang Public Enemy No. 1. The Nazi Lowriders operate both in and outside of prison.
History
The Nazi Lowriders originated as a skinhead gang in the California Youth Authority during the early-to-mid 1970s, and later established itself as a gang for young white inmates. It was created by members of the Aryan Brotherhood (AB), the leading white gang in the California prison system. In the late 1970s or early 1980s, Aryan Brotherhood leader John Stinson began recruiting skinheads incarcerated in the California Youth Authority at the Preston Youth Correctional Facility in Ione, and at the Youth Training School in Chino, to act as middlemen in the AB's criminal operations.
The gang did not come to the attention of law enforcement until the early 1990s, by which time authorities in the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation had begun suppressing the Aryan Brotherhood's activities. The Nazi Lowriders' position as middlemen for the Aryan Brotherhood, along with the crackdown on the AB, allowed the gang to supplant the Brotherhood as the most prominent white prison gang in California. While maintaining its presence in the prison system, the Nazi Lowriders also became a street gang, firstly in Southern California, and later in Central California and Northern California, during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Due to gang's rapid expansion, links with other white power gangs, and highly organized operations, the Nazi Lowriders established themselves as a significant crime group on the West Coast.
As opposed to other white criminal gangs in California prisons, the NLR gained a reputation for being very violent. They are labeled as a prison gang by the California Department of Corrections. They are strong in numbers in such California communities as Oildale, Bakersfield, Lancaster, Inland Empire, Rosamond and Orange County. The "Nazi" part of their name is more a sign of a racist belief in white supremacy than anti-Semitism, while "Lowriders" is a play on the term used for Hispanic gangs.
The gang eventually progressed from being muscle for the Aryan Brotherhood to a fast-growing gang in their own right. Unlike other white supremacist gangs in the US, they appear to be well organized and have developed links with other white organizations throughout the West Coast, including the Ku Klux Klan and Hells Angels. Paroled gang members have been known to move east to further spread the organization's reach.
On January 28, 1999, California prison officials recognized the Lowriders as a prison gang. Consequently, in an attempt to disrupt the gang's criminal activities, inmates known to be members can now be subjected to removal from the general population, as well as other restrictive treatments. To this, the Lowriders have responded by striking an alliance with Public Enemy No. 1, another white disruptive group, which has since taken over the reins on California's white mainline prison population. Where Aryan Brotherhood and NLR have left off, PENI or Public Enemy No. 1 (Pronounced 'PEE NYE') plan to continue the 'key holding'.
Organization and membership
In prison, the Nazi Lowriders have a three-tier hierarchy system consisting of senior members, junior members, and kids. The seniors typically lead the gang. For senior status, gang members must have been active for at least five years and been elected by at least three other senior members. Below them are juniors, who cannot themselves induct new members but can attempt to recruit potentials. Kids usually come from gangs like Public Enemy No.1, and the senior member who inducts them becomes their mentor. On the streets, the organization structure is not so clear, and appears to be more loosely connected.
Nazi Lowriders members are typically aged in their teens and early 20s.
Gang members may have tattoos and other body art depicting swastikas and SS sigrunes, although members are not necessarily required to bear them. A tattoo of the letters NLR (the acronym for "Nazi Lowriders") commonly appears on members' stomachs, backs or necks. Other popular tattoos include "Nazi Low Riders" written in Old English script or the runic alphabet. The logo of the NLR is a skeletal eagle holding a Nazi swastika, with the letters of the group based on the Reichsadler symbol.
According to the SPLC, "Despite the NLR's avowed racism, Latino last names and Latino wives and girlfriends are OK, but, experts say, members are supposed to be at least half Caucasian.". In fact, much of the NLR's upper echelon is composed of Hispanics. Due to their extreme underground ties with other hardcore, racial organizations (such as Combat 18 or Blood and Honour), experts say, "you must be at least half white blood but no black blood", meaning accepted Latino members must be only of Spanish descent, or be at least half Caucasian. All must show loyalty to the white race and subscribe to an ideology of hatred, especially against blacks and "race traitors".
The gang took its name from the phrase "lowrider", which is associated with Hispanic gangs, as an "act of one-upmanship".
Methamphetamine abuse is common among members of the group.
Ideology
While the Nazi Lowriders are primarily an organized crime entity, the gang's white power ideology is central to its identity. According to the Anti-Defamation League, the gang "champions its whiteness especially when recruiting members from skinhead gangs and among new inmates, but it is primarily driven by criminal profit". The NLR's racist ideology has been the motivation for numerous violent crimes carried out by the gang.
Presence
The Nazi Lowriders are active primarily in Southern California, with a smaller presence in other U.S. states, including Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Nevada and New Mexico. The gang's presence spread outside of California after members moved to other states in order to expand the NLR's criminal operations after being paroled from prison. The Nazi Lowriders first came to the attention of authorities as a street gang in Costa Mesa, California, and subsequently spread throughout Southern California, and later in Central California and Northern California. In Southern California, the gang is based in the Antelope Valley and in Orange County.
The Nazi Lowriders had 28 confirmed members in 1996, but by 2000, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) estimated that the gang had 1,500 members in the California prison system and 400 in San Bernardino, California. In 1999, authorities identified 100 members of the gang in Nevada.
Criminal activity
The organization is involved in criminal activity both in and out of prison, notably in the production and distribution of methamphetamine, and has become a distributor of the drug in Southern California. The Nazi Lowiders also have connections with motorcycle gangs, including the Hells Angels, the Mongols, and the Vagos.
This gang is responsible for dozens of assaults, attempted murders, and murders around Southern California and is considered an extremely dangerous and violent gang.
Notable crimes
The Nazi Lowriders carried out two hate crimes against African Americans in Lancaster, California in 1996. According to federal investigators, the street assaults were an attempt at "driving blacks out of the predominantly white community through a campaign of terror and violence". Gang members Eric Dillard and Danny Edward Williams used a baseball bat in the beating of Eric Miller outside a video rental store, on April 28, 1996. On July 8, 1996, Dillard, Williams and a juvenile who was not identified because of his age attacked and stabbed Marcus Cotton four times in the back. Williams was sentenced to 57 months' imprisonment, on June 1, 1998, and Dillard was sentenced to three years', on June 7, 1999. The third defendant was tried as a juvenile.
Two Nazi Lowriders members, Shaun Broderick and Christopher Crawford, allegedly attacked Nathaniel Harris, an African American Walmart employee, with a 20-ounce hammer in a store parking lot in Lancaster, in March 1999. The pair were arrested and charged with assault with a deadly weapon and civil rights violations.
In August 2001, Trevor David Thompson, a Nazi Lowrider and member of the World Church of the Creator from California, wounded Ashley McNeil, a 14-year old African American girl, in a drive-by shooting in Indianapolis. McNeil was targeted because of her race, according to police. In May 2002, Thompson was sentenced to 30 years in prison after pleading guilty to attempted murder.
Investigations and prosecutions
On March 29, 2001, NLR members Marcello Castellano and Scott Kuhn were arrested after Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD) deputies seized 73 firearms, including assault rifles, as well as hand grenades, body armor and a silencer, during raids on three locations in Los Angeles County. A sheriff's uniform and Nazi paraphernalia were also recovered.
A three-year investigation conducted by a task force headed by the FBI and the Ontario Police Department, with assistance from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), the California Department of Corrections, the Orange County Sheriff's Department and the Costa Mesa Police Department, culminated with twelve members and associates of the Nazi Lowriders being charged in a 17-count indictment alleging extortion, conspiracy to distribute drugs in prison, witness tampering, robbery, attempted murder and murder, on February 13, 2002. All of those charged were already in custody at the time of the indictment. Michael Bridge, a high-level NLR member, and Robert Baltimore, a "soldier" in the gang, were charged with the murder of an inmate in 1996. All twelve defendants pleaded guilty to federal racketeering charges, including a senior member of the gang who was sentenced to nearly 23 years in federal prison in 2003.
In popular culture
- In the 2017 crime film Shot Caller, Jacob "Money" Harlon briefly has a cellmate named Ripper (played by Keith Jardine) who is a member of the Nazi Lowriders, sporting an "NLR" tattoo across his forehead.
See also
References
- ^ Nazi Low Riders Anti-Defamation League (January 1, 2005) Archived October 14, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Special Issue: Gangs in the United States" (PDF), Narcotics Digest Weekly, vol. 4, no. 40, National Drug Intelligence Center, 2005-10-04, archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-05-24, retrieved 2009-11-14
- ^ Nazi Low Riders boast over 1,000 members, most in prison Archived 2021-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Camille Jackson, Southern Poverty Law Center (July 20, 2004)
- ^ White Power Gangs: The NLR (Nazi Low Riders) Story B. Belt and G. Doyle, National Criminal Justice Reference Service (March 1998) Archived January 31, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rosenzweig, David (August 3, 2000). "Federal Prosecutors Target Prison Gang in Drug Crackdown". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014.
- ^ Bigots on Bikes: The Growing Links between White Supremacists and Biker Gangs Anti-Defamation League (September 2011) Archived November 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
- McCleskey, O'Neill, Claire (November 29, 2012). "The allies sureños have are "Skinheads" or "Nazis"". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jackson, Carmille (July 20, 2004). "Nazi Low Riders Boast Over 1,000 Members, Most in Prison". Intelligence Report. No. 114. Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on March 28, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ 12 Inmates Accused of Racketeering David Rosenzweig, Los Angeles Times (February 15, 2002) Archived August 7, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- "Nazi Low Riders Boast over 1,000 Members, Most in Prison". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
- Finnegan, William (November 24, 1997). "The Unwanted". The New Yorker. No. December 1, 1997. p. 60. Archived from the original on March 27, 2018.
- ^ Valdemar, Richard (February 1, 2008). "The Rise and Fall of the Nazi Low Riders". Police: The Magazine for Cops. Archived from the original on September 10, 2011.
- Morales, Gabe (ndg) "Gang Profiles: Nazi Lowriders" Archived 2017-08-29 at the Wayback Machine Criminal Justice Solutions, LLC
- ^ Man, 18, Pleads Guilty to Skinhead Attacks on Blacks David Rosenzweig, Los Angeles Times (August 11, 1998) Archived July 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- Hayes, Dade (October 28, 1997). "Man Pleads Guilty to Racial Assaults". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015.
- Rosenzweig, David (June 8, 1999). "Skinhead Gang Member Sentenced in Hate Crimes". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013.
- Larrubia, Evelyn (October 29, 1997). "Supremacists Charged With Racial Murder". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2010.
- Valdez, A. (March 1999). "Nazi Low Riders". Police: The Law Enforcement Magazine (abstract). Vol. 23, no. 3. pp. 46–48. NCJ Number 177437. Archived from the original on 2017-08-29. Retrieved 2017-08-29 – via the National Criminal Justice Reference Service.
- Skinhead Gang Member Sentenced in Hate Crimes David Rosenzweig, Los Angeles Times (June 8, 1999) Archived November 28, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
- 2 Arrested After Black Worker Attacked in Lot Kurt Streeter, Los Angeles Times (March 25, 1999) Archived July 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- 2 Men Arrested in Racial Attack at Lancaster Store Kurt Streeter, Los Angeles Times (March 25, 1999) Archived July 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- Spreading Hate Michael Koryta, The Hoosier Times (August 18, 2002) Archived February 8, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- "73 Firearms Seized, 2 Men Arrested". Los Angeles Times. March 31, 2001. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- "Reputed prison gang members take plea deal". Los Angeles Times. June 15, 2007. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
External links
- Anti-Defamation League - The Nazi Low Riders
- California Department of Justice - Organized Crime in California 2004 Annual Report
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