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{{Short description|German nonprofit construction company}}
], built between 1956 and 1958, planned by ]]] ], built between 1956 and 1958, planned by ]]]
'''Neue Heimat Gemeinnützige Wohnungs- und Siedlungsgesellschaft m.b.H.''', or '''Neue Heimat''' (NH) for short, was a ] ] and ] headquartered in ], ]. The ] (DGB) and its affiliated individual ]s owned the company. It originated from a nonprofit housing association founded in Hamburg in 1926.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.architekturarchiv-web.de/portraets/neue-heimat/kapitel-1/index.html|title=Neue Heimat - Kapitel 1 |last=Hoffmann |first=Karl H. |access-date=2024-12-03 |language=de |trans-title=Neue Heimat - Chapter 1}}</ref> After 1950, Neue Heimat developed into the largest non-state housing construction company in Europe,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.shmh.de/ausstellungen/die-neue-heimat-im-museum-fuer-hamburgische-geschichte/ |title=Die Neue Heimat im Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte |access-date=2024-12-03 |language=de |trans-title=The Neue Heimat in the ]}}</ref> creating more than 460,000 apartments by 1982.<ref>Strobl, Hilde: ''„Hohe Häuser, lange Schatten“. Die Bauten des Gewerkschaftsunternehmens Neue Heimat''. In: Lepik, Andres; Strobl, Hilde (Eds.): ''Die Neue Heimat (1950–1982). Eine sozialdemokratische Utopie ….'' Munich 2019, pp. 9–19, here p. 9.</ref> The year 1998 is regarded as the end of the group's ].<ref>Kramper, Peter: ''Neue Heimat. Unternehmenspolitik …'' Stuttgart 2008, pp. 605-606.</ref>


'''Neue Heimat Gemeinnützige Wohnungs- und Siedlungsgesellschaft m.b.H.''', or '''Neue Heimat''' (NH) for short, was a ] ] and ] headquartered in ], ]. The company belonged to the ] (DGB) and its affiliated individual ]s. It originated from a nonprofit housing association founded in Hamburg in 1926.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.architekturarchiv-web.de/portraets/neue-heimat/kapitel-1/index.html|title=Neue Heimat - Kapitel 1 |last=Hoffmann |first=Karl H. |access-date=2024-12-03 |language=de |trans-title=Neue Heimat - Chapter 1}}</ref> After 1950, Neue Heimat developed into the largest non-state housing construction company in Europe, creating more than 460,000 apartments by 1982.<ref>Hilde Strobl: ''„Hohe Häuser, lange Schatten“. Die Bauten des Gewerkschaftsunternehmens Neue Heimat''. In: Andres Lepik, Hilde Strobl (Eds.): ''Die Neue Heimat (1950–1982). Eine sozialdemokratische Utopie ….'' Munich 2019, p. 9–19, here p. 9.</ref> The year 1998 is regarded as the end of the group's ]. After the ] of the trade union housing associations by the ], they and their housing stock became the property of the ] in 1933.<ref name=Kap2>{{cite web |url=https://www.architekturarchiv-web.de/portraets/neue-heimat/kapitel-2/index.html|title=Neue Heimat - Kapitel 2 |last=Hoffmann |first=Karl H. |access-date=2024-12-03 |language=de |trans-title=Neue Heimat - Chapter 1}}</ref> In 1939, this Nazi organization established the name Neue Heimat.<ref name=Kap2 /> After the ] (1948), the ] (1949) and the return of the housing stocks and companies to the trade unions (1948-1955), a ] developed from Hamburg that was active in housing construction throughout ] during the post-war housing shortage. The company built ]s in order to subsequently rent out the corresponding living space. It also offered ] apartments and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.architekturarchiv-web.de/portraets/neue-heimat/kapitel-3/index.html|title=Neue Heimat - Kapitel 3 |last=Hoffmann |first=Karl H. |access-date=2024-12-03 |language=de |trans-title=Neue Heimat - Chapter 1}}</ref>


⚫ In the “long sixties”“,<ref>Term used by the historian Detlef Siegfried for the period from 1958 to 1973. See {{cite journal |last1=Siegfried |first1=Detlef |title="Trau keinen über 30"? Konsens und Konflikt der Generationen in der Bundesrepublik der langen sechziger Jahre |trans-title=“Don't trust anyone over 30": consensus and conflict between the generations in the Federal Republic of Germany in the long sixties |url=https://www.bpb.de/system/files/pdf/FQJT4H.pdf |journal=Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte |date=2003 |issue=45 |pages= 25–32 }}</ref> Neue Heimat expanded into areas that were not subject to the German laws of "Wohnungsgemeinnützigkeit", i.e. non-profit housing. The rules of non-profit housing stipulated till 1990 that non-profit housing companies were granted tax breaks and state-subsidized ]s in return for limiting company profits and keeping rents at a socially acceptable level.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Haumann |first1=Sebastian |date=2022|title=Public Housing in West Germany: Expansion and Crisis of the Neue Heimat|journal=] |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=182–186 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0096144220959650?journalCode=juha |doi=10.1177/0096144220959650 |access-date=2024-12-03}}</ref> Neue Heimat started its activities in ], building hospitals, town halls or shopping centers, for example. At the same time, the company took up construction activities abroad. At the beginning of the 1970s, the corporate structure developed into a group of companies that pursued both non-profit and profit-oriented goals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.architekturarchiv-web.de/portraets/neue-heimat/kapitel-4/index.html|title=Neue Heimat - Kapitel 4 |last=Hoffmann |first=Karl H. |access-date=2024-12-03 |language=de |trans-title=Neue Heimat - Chapter 1}}</ref>
After the ] of the trade union housing associations by the ], they and their housing stock became the property of the ] in 1933. In 1939, this Nazi organization provided the uniform name Neue Heimat. After the ] (1948), the ] (1949) and the return of the housing stocks and companies to the trade unions (1948-1955), a ] developed from Hamburg that was active in housing construction throughout Germany during the post-war housing shortage. The company built ]s in order to subsequently rent out the corresponding living space. It also offered ] apartments and ].


⚫ In 1973, more than 1.5 million people were living in Neue Heimat apartments.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=2024-07-28 |author=Eglau, Otto |date=1973-05-11 |title="König Alberts" Allmacht |url=https://www.zeit.de/1973/19/koenig-alberts-allmacht/komplettansicht |website=]|language=DE}}</ref> In the years following the ] of the same year, the company maintained its growth course despite considerable changes in the national and global economic situation. This led to serious financial problems, which ultimately resulted in the ] of Neue Heimat.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.architekturarchiv-web.de/portraets/neue-heimat/kapitel-5/index.html|title=Neue Heimat - Kapitel 5 |last=Hoffmann |first=Karl H. |access-date=2024-12-03 |language=de |trans-title=Neue Heimat - Chapter 1}}</ref>
⚫ In the “long sixties”“<ref>Term used by the historian Detlef Siegfried for the period from 1958 to 1973. See {{cite journal |last1=Siegfried |first1=Detlef |title=“Trau keinen über 30”? Konsens und Konflikt der Generationen in der Bundesrepublik der langen sechziger Jahre |trans-title=“Don't trust anyone over 30": consensus and conflict between the generations in the Federal Republic of Germany in the long sixties |url=https://www.bpb.de/system/files/pdf/FQJT4H.pdf |journal=Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte |date=2003 |issue=45 |pages= 25-32 |format=PDF}}</ref>, Neue Heimat expanded into areas that were not subject to the German rules of non-profit housing, particularly ]. At the same time, Neue Heimat took up construction activities abroad. At the beginning of the 1970s, the corporate structure developed into a group of companies that pursued both non-profit and profit-oriented goals.


⚫ In 1982, reports in the news magazine ] triggered a crisis of ] for the group that could no longer be overcome. They revealed that the majority of the Management Board members had enriched themselves to the detriment of the company and the ]. In 1986, the trade unions sold the group at short notice at a symbolic price to Horst Schiesser, a medium-sized entrepreneur from outside the industry. A few weeks later, this transaction had to be reversed. Subsequently, the housing stock was gradually sold in smaller and larger tranches, mainly in regionalized form; ] were also sold or wound up.<ref>Kramper, Peter: ''Neue Heimat. Unternehmenspolitik'' … Stuttgart 2008, pp. 596–600.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Kramper |first=Peter |date=2012 |title=Das Ende der Gemeinwirtschaft. Krisen und Skandale gewerkschaftseigener Unternehmen in den 1980er Jahren |trans-title=The end of the social economy. Crises and scandals in union-owned companies in the 1980s |url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/afs/bd52/08_kramper.pdf |language=de |journal=Archiv für Sozialgeschichte |issue=52 |pages=111–138, here pp. 116–118 |access-date=2024-12-03}}</ref>
⚫ In 1973, more than 1.5 million people were living in Neue Heimat apartments.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=2024-07-28 |author=Otto Eglau |date=1973-05-11 |title=„König Alberts“ Allmacht |url=https://www.zeit.de/1973/19/koenig-alberts-allmacht/komplettansicht |website=]|language=DE}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> In the years following the ] of the same year, the company maintained its growth course despite considerable changes in the national and global economic situation. This led to serious financial problems, which ultimately resulted in the ] of Neue Heimat.

⚫ In 1982, reports in the news magazine ] triggered a crisis of ] for the group that could no longer be overcome. They revealed that the majority of the Management Board members had enriched themselves to the detriment of the company and the ]. In 1986, the trade unions sold the group at short notice at a symbolic price to Horst Schiesser, a medium-sized entrepreneur from outside the industry, via Beteiligungsgesellschaft der Gewerkschaften, i.e. the trade union holding company. A few weeks later, this transaction had to be reversed. Subsequently, the housing stock was gradually sold in smaller and larger tranches, mainly in regionalized form; ] were also sold or wound up.

The costs that the DGB and the individual trade unions had to bear as a result of the liquidation process of the urban development part of the group alone are estimated at DM 1 billion; the financial burdens and losses caused by the liquidation of the nonprofit part of the group are unclear.


The costs that the DGB and the individual trade unions had to bear as a result of the liquidation process of the profit-oriented part of the group alone are estimated at ] 1 billion;<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kramper |first=Peter |date=2012 |title=Das Ende der Gemeinwirtschaft. Krisen und Skandale gewerkschaftseigener Unternehmen in den 1980er Jahren |trans-title=The end of the social economy. Crises and scandals in union-owned companies in the 1980s |url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/afs/bd52/08_kramper.pdf |language=de |journal=Archiv für Sozialgeschichte |issue=52 |pages=111–138, here pp. 120 |access-date=2024-12-03}}</ref> the financial burdens and losses caused by the liquidation of the nonprofit part of the group are unclear.<ref>Kunz, Andreas: ''Die Akte Neue Heimat'', Vol. 1, Frankfurt 2003, pp. 399–402.</ref>
<gallery class="center" caption="Buildings and large housing estates of Neue Heimat">
Wohnblock an der Habichtstraße in Hamburg-Barmbek-Nord.jpg|Block of flats in ], Hamburg, rebuilt after ]
DE-2089720-1 344-31 05649 Gartenstadt Farmsen Luftbild Baubehörde Hamburg crop.jpg|Aerial view of "Gartenstadt Farmsen", Hamburg, built in 1953/54
79-05 Flugaufnahme Emmertsgrund.jpg|Aerial view of ], built from 1971 to 1978
Musterhaus-Zentrum der Neuen Heimat in Suchsdorf am Sukoring, Ecke Dieksredder (Kiel 68.764).jpg|Neue Heimat ]s in ]-Suchsdorf
MONACO, JULY 2013. - panoramio (3)a.jpg|Convention center and hotel partly built on stilts directly by the sea in ] (construction period 1972-1978): today's '']''
Hotel du Golf Abidjan.jpg|Hotel du Golf in ], ], completed in 1976
</gallery>
== Further reading == == Further reading ==
* Peter Kramper: ''Neue Heimat. Unternehmenspolitik und Unternehmensentwicklung im gewerkschaftlichen Wohnungs- und Städtebau 1950–1982''. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-515-09245-6}}. * Kunz, Andreas: ''Die Akte Neue Heimat. Krise und Abwicklung des größten Wohnungsbaukonzerns Europas 1982–1998.'' 2 Volumes, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt 2003, {{ISBN|3-593-37164-2}}.
* Kramper, Peter: ''Neue Heimat. Unternehmenspolitik und Unternehmensentwicklung im gewerkschaftlichen Wohnungs- und Städtebau 1950–1982''. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-515-09245-6}}.
* {{cite journal |last=Kramper |first=Peter |date=2010 |title=Das Unternehmen als politisches Projekt: Die Neue Heimat 1950–1982 |trans-title=The company as a political project: The Neue Heimat 1950-1982 |url=http://moving-the-social.ub.rub.de/index.php/Moving_the_social/article/viewFile/7/5 |journal=Mitteilungsblatt des Instituts für soziale Bewegungen |issue=44 |pages=89–102 |access-date=2024-12-03 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828105345/http://moving-the-social.ub.rub.de/index.php/Moving_the_social/article/viewFile/7/5 |archive-date=2016-08-28}} * {{cite journal |last=Kramper |first=Peter |date=2010 |title=Das Unternehmen als politisches Projekt: Die Neue Heimat 1950–1982 |trans-title=The company as a political project: The Neue Heimat 1950-1982 |url=http://moving-the-social.ub.rub.de/index.php/Moving_the_social/article/viewFile/7/5 |journal=Mitteilungsblatt des Instituts für soziale Bewegungen |issue=44 |pages=89–102 |access-date=2024-12-03 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828105345/http://moving-the-social.ub.rub.de/index.php/Moving_the_social/article/viewFile/7/5 |archive-date=2016-08-28}}
* Andres Lepik, Hilde Strobl (Hrsg.): ''Die Neue Heimat (1950–1982). Eine sozialdemokratische Utopie und ihre Bauten'' (exhibition catalog), Edition Detail, Munich 2019, {{ISBN|978-3-95553-476-9}}. * Lepik, Andres; Strobl, Hilde (Eds.): ''Die Neue Heimat (1950–1982). Eine sozialdemokratische Utopie und ihre Bauten'' (exhibition catalog), Edition Detail, Munich 2019, {{ISBN|978-3-95553-476-9}}.
* Ullrich Schwarz, Hartmut Frank (Eds.): ''Neue Heimat. Das Gesicht der Bundesrepublik. Bauten und Projekte 1947–1985'', Dölling und Galitz, Hamburg 2019, {{ISBN|978-3-86218-112-4}}. * Schwarz, Ullrich; Frank, Hartmut (Eds.): ''Neue Heimat. Das Gesicht der Bundesrepublik. Bauten und Projekte 1947–1985'', Dölling und Galitz, Hamburg 2019, {{ISBN|978-3-86218-112-4}}.


==References== ==References==
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* Karl H. Hoffmann: (Multi-part presentation of the company's history including portraits of people; website of the ''Hamburgisches Architekturarchiv der Hamburgischen Architektenkammer'' (Hamburg Architectural Archive of the Hamburg Chamber of Architects) * Karl H. Hoffmann: (Multi-part presentation of the company's history including portraits of people; website of the ''Hamburgisches Architekturarchiv der Hamburgischen Architektenkammer'' (Hamburg Architectural Archive of the Hamburg Chamber of Architects)


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Latest revision as of 05:54, 19 December 2024

German nonprofit construction company
Company headquarters in Hohenfelde, Hamburg, built between 1956 and 1958, planned by Ernst May

Neue Heimat Gemeinnützige Wohnungs- und Siedlungsgesellschaft m.b.H., or Neue Heimat (NH) for short, was a nonprofit construction and housing company headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. The German Trade Union Confederation (DGB) and its affiliated individual trade unions owned the company. It originated from a nonprofit housing association founded in Hamburg in 1926. After 1950, Neue Heimat developed into the largest non-state housing construction company in Europe, creating more than 460,000 apartments by 1982. The year 1998 is regarded as the end of the group's liquidation.

After the expropriation of the trade union housing associations by the National Socialists, they and their housing stock became the property of the German Labor Front in 1933. In 1939, this Nazi organization established the name Neue Heimat. After the currency reform (1948), the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949) and the return of the housing stocks and companies to the trade unions (1948-1955), a corporate group developed from Hamburg that was active in housing construction throughout West Germany during the post-war housing shortage. The company built housing estates in order to subsequently rent out the corresponding living space. It also offered owner-occupied apartments and detached houses.

In the “long sixties”“, Neue Heimat expanded into areas that were not subject to the German laws of "Wohnungsgemeinnützigkeit", i.e. non-profit housing. The rules of non-profit housing stipulated till 1990 that non-profit housing companies were granted tax breaks and state-subsidized loans in return for limiting company profits and keeping rents at a socially acceptable level. Neue Heimat started its activities in urban development, building hospitals, town halls or shopping centers, for example. At the same time, the company took up construction activities abroad. At the beginning of the 1970s, the corporate structure developed into a group of companies that pursued both non-profit and profit-oriented goals.

In 1973, more than 1.5 million people were living in Neue Heimat apartments. In the years following the first oil crisis of the same year, the company maintained its growth course despite considerable changes in the national and global economic situation. This led to serious financial problems, which ultimately resulted in the dissolution of Neue Heimat.

In 1982, reports in the news magazine Der Spiegel triggered a crisis of legitimacy for the group that could no longer be overcome. They revealed that the majority of the Management Board members had enriched themselves to the detriment of the company and the tenants. In 1986, the trade unions sold the group at short notice at a symbolic price to Horst Schiesser, a medium-sized entrepreneur from outside the industry. A few weeks later, this transaction had to be reversed. Subsequently, the housing stock was gradually sold in smaller and larger tranches, mainly in regionalized form; subsidiaries were also sold or wound up.

The costs that the DGB and the individual trade unions had to bear as a result of the liquidation process of the profit-oriented part of the group alone are estimated at DM 1 billion; the financial burdens and losses caused by the liquidation of the nonprofit part of the group are unclear.

Further reading

  • Kunz, Andreas: Die Akte Neue Heimat. Krise und Abwicklung des größten Wohnungsbaukonzerns Europas 1982–1998. 2 Volumes, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt 2003, ISBN 3-593-37164-2.
  • Kramper, Peter: Neue Heimat. Unternehmenspolitik und Unternehmensentwicklung im gewerkschaftlichen Wohnungs- und Städtebau 1950–1982. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-515-09245-6.
  • Kramper, Peter (2010). "Das Unternehmen als politisches Projekt: Die Neue Heimat 1950–1982" [The company as a political project: The Neue Heimat 1950-1982]. Mitteilungsblatt des Instituts für soziale Bewegungen (44): 89–102. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  • Lepik, Andres; Strobl, Hilde (Eds.): Die Neue Heimat (1950–1982). Eine sozialdemokratische Utopie und ihre Bauten (exhibition catalog), Edition Detail, Munich 2019, ISBN 978-3-95553-476-9.
  • Schwarz, Ullrich; Frank, Hartmut (Eds.): Neue Heimat. Das Gesicht der Bundesrepublik. Bauten und Projekte 1947–1985, Dölling und Galitz, Hamburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-86218-112-4.

References

  1. Hoffmann, Karl H. "Neue Heimat - Kapitel 1" [Neue Heimat - Chapter 1] (in German). Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  2. "Die Neue Heimat im Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte" [The Neue Heimat in the Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte] (in German). Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  3. Strobl, Hilde: „Hohe Häuser, lange Schatten“. Die Bauten des Gewerkschaftsunternehmens Neue Heimat. In: Lepik, Andres; Strobl, Hilde (Eds.): Die Neue Heimat (1950–1982). Eine sozialdemokratische Utopie …. Munich 2019, pp. 9–19, here p. 9.
  4. Kramper, Peter: Neue Heimat. Unternehmenspolitik … Stuttgart 2008, pp. 605-606.
  5. ^ Hoffmann, Karl H. "Neue Heimat - Kapitel 2" [Neue Heimat - Chapter 1] (in German). Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  6. Hoffmann, Karl H. "Neue Heimat - Kapitel 3" [Neue Heimat - Chapter 1] (in German). Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  7. Term used by the historian Detlef Siegfried for the period from 1958 to 1973. See Siegfried, Detlef (2003). ""Trau keinen über 30"? Konsens und Konflikt der Generationen in der Bundesrepublik der langen sechziger Jahre" [“Don't trust anyone over 30": consensus and conflict between the generations in the Federal Republic of Germany in the long sixties] (PDF). Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte (45): 25–32.
  8. Haumann, Sebastian (2022). "Public Housing in West Germany: Expansion and Crisis of the Neue Heimat". Journal of Urban History. 48 (1): 182–186. doi:10.1177/0096144220959650. Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  9. Hoffmann, Karl H. "Neue Heimat - Kapitel 4" [Neue Heimat - Chapter 1] (in German). Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  10. Eglau, Otto (1973-05-11). ""König Alberts" Allmacht". Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved 2024-07-28.
  11. Hoffmann, Karl H. "Neue Heimat - Kapitel 5" [Neue Heimat - Chapter 1] (in German). Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  12. Kramper, Peter: Neue Heimat. Unternehmenspolitik … Stuttgart 2008, pp. 596–600.
  13. Kramper, Peter (2012). "Das Ende der Gemeinwirtschaft. Krisen und Skandale gewerkschaftseigener Unternehmen in den 1980er Jahren" [The end of the social economy. Crises and scandals in union-owned companies in the 1980s] (PDF). Archiv für Sozialgeschichte (in German) (52): 111–138, here pp. 116–118. Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  14. Kramper, Peter (2012). "Das Ende der Gemeinwirtschaft. Krisen und Skandale gewerkschaftseigener Unternehmen in den 1980er Jahren" [The end of the social economy. Crises and scandals in union-owned companies in the 1980s] (PDF). Archiv für Sozialgeschichte (in German) (52): 111–138, here pp. 120. Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  15. Kunz, Andreas: Die Akte Neue Heimat, Vol. 1, Frankfurt 2003, pp. 399–402.

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