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{{Short description|Jordanian academic and professor (born 1963)}}
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{{Infobox scientist {{Infobox scientist
| name = Joseph Massad | name = Joseph Massad
|image = | image = Joseph Massad at University of Chile.jpg
| caption = Joseph Massad speaks at the ] in 2014
|image_size = 150px
| birth_date = 1963 | image_size =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1963}}
| birth_place = ]
| birth_place = ]
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|residence = ] | death_place =
|citizenship = ] | citizenship = ]
|nationality = ] | nationality = ]
|ethnicity = | ethnicity =
|field = ] | field = ]
|work_institutions = ] | work_institutions = ]
|alma_mater = ] | alma_mater = ] (], ])<br/>
] (])
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|influences = | known_for =
|influenced = | influences =
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|prizes = ] Malcolm Kerr Dissertation Award 1998, Lionel Trilling Book Award 2008, Scott Nearing Award for Courageous Scholarship 2008
| awards = ] Malcolm Kerr Dissertation Award 1998,<br /> ] Book Award 2008,<br /> ] Award for Courageous Scholarship 2008
|religion =
|footnotes = | religion =
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'''Joseph Andoni Massad''' ({{lang-ar|جوزيف مسعد}}) (born 1963) is Associate Professor of Modern Arab Politics and Intellectual History in the ] at ], whose academic work has focused on ], ]ian, and ]i ]. He is also known for his book ''Desiring Arabs'', about representations of ] in the ]. '''Joseph Andoni Massad''' ({{langx|ar|جوزيف مسعد}}; born 1963) is a Jordanian ] specializing in ], who serves as Professor of Modern Arab Politics and Intellectual History in the Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies at ]. His academic work has focused on ], ]ian, and ].


Massad, a ],<ref>http://www.al-bab.com/arab/articles/text/massad.htm</ref> was born in ] in 1963. He received his PhD in ] from Columbia in 1998.<ref name = "MEALAC">{{cite web Massad was born in ] in 1963 and is of ] descent.<ref name=al-bab>{{Cite web|url=https://al-bab.com/distorting-desire|title=Distorting desire|website=al-bab.com |access-date=28 May 2024 |first=Brian |last=Whitaker}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/17/nyregion/jospeh-massad-katherine-franke-mohamed-abdou-columbia-university.html | title=Who Are the Columbia Professors Mentioned in the House Hearing? | work=The New York Times | date=17 April 2024 | last1=Saul | first1=Stephanie }}</ref> He received his ] in ] from Columbia University in 1998.<ref name="MEALAC">{{cite web
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mealac/faculty/massad/ |url = http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mealac/faculty/massad/
| title = Joseph Massad |title = Joseph Massad
| accessdate = 2006-09-20 |access-date = 2006-09-20
| publisher = ]}} |publisher = ]
|url-status = dead
</ref>
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060913023411/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mealac/faculty/massad/
|archive-date = 2006-09-13
}}</ref> He is known for his book ''Desiring Arabs'', about representations of ] in the ].<ref>{{cite web
| title = Joseph Massad|url=https://mesaas.columbia.edu/faculty-directory/joseph-massad/|website=MESSAS |date=28 September 2018 |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Massad received his BA and his MA from the University of New Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MASSAD, JOSEPH |url=http://passia.org/personalities/222 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=passia.org}}</ref> In 1998, he received his ] in ] from Columbia University,<ref name="cds2009" /> and in the fall of 1999 he started teaching at the same institution.<ref name="hnn2005">{{cite web |title=Joseph Massad: Statement Before Columbia Committee |publisher=History News Network |date=March 14, 2005 |url=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/11284 |access-date=September 22, 2020}}</ref> There, his views on the ] and surrounding topics caused controversy. In 2009, he was awarded tenure at the university. The award was denounced by LionPAC, a pro-Israel advocacy group at Columbia.<ref name="cds2009">{{cite web |title=Massad tenured earlier in summer, sources say |website=Columbia Daily Spectator |date=August 28, 2009 |url=https://columbiaspectator.com/2009/08/28/massad-tenured-earlier-summer-sources-say/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |first=Kim |last=Kirschenbaum}}</ref> On 17 April 2024, ], ] of ], testifying before the ] said that if it was up to her Massad would never have gotten tenure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldberg |first=Michelle |date=2024-04-18 |title=Republicans Wanted a Crackdown on Israel's Critics. Columbia Obliged. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/18/opinion/columbia-antisemitism-hearing.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref>


== ''Colonial Effects'' (2001) == == ''Colonial Effects'' (2001) ==
Massad's first book, ''Colonial Effects: The Making of National Identity in Jordan'', was published in 2001 by ]. The book is based on Massad's PhD dissertation, which won the ] Malcolm Kerr Dissertation Award in 1998. Massad's first book, ''Colonial Effects: The Making of National Identity in Jordan'', was published in 2001 by ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Colonial Effects|first=Joseph A.|last=Massad|date=15 October 2001|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=023112323X}}</ref> The book is based on Massad's PhD dissertation, which won the ] Malcolm Kerr Dissertation Award in 1998.


Over the course of a detailed history of the Jordanian state, from its inception in 1921 to 2000, ''Colonial Effects'' argues that state institutions are central to the fashioning of national identity. Massad focuses on institutions of law, the military, and education as key components of nationalism, and elaborates on the production not only of national identity but also of national culture including food, clothes, sports, accents, songs, and television serials. Over the course of a detailed history of the Jordanian state, from its inception in 1921 to 2000, he argues that state institutions are central to the fashioning of national identity. Massad focuses on institutions of law, the military, and education as key components of nationalism, and elaborates on the production not only of national identity but also of national culture including food, clothes, sports, accents, songs, and television serials.


''Colonial Effects'' was critically praised both by several senior academics in Middle East Studies, including ] who described the book as "a work of genuine brilliance," and by scholars of nationalism such as ], Amr Sabet, and Stephen Howe, the last of whom called the book "among the most sophisticated and impressive products" of recent studies in the field.<ref></ref> The book was extensively reviewed in academic journals and, according to ], one of the book’s reviewers, it has become staple reading on syllabi of nationalism and Middle East politics university courses across the ] and ].<ref>Betty Anderson. "The Duality of National Identity in the Middle East: A Critical Review" .</ref> ''Colonial Effects'' was critically praised both by several senior academics in Middle East Studies, including ] who described the book as "a work of genuine brilliance,"<ref>{{cite book |url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/colonial-effects/9780231123235 |title=Colonial Effects: Reviews |date=September 2001 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-50570-3 |access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref> and by scholars of nationalism such as ], Amr Sabet, and Stephen Howe, the last of whom called the book "among the most sophisticated and impressive products" of recent studies in the field. The book was extensively reviewed in academic journals and, according to ], one of the book's reviewers, it has become staple reading on syllabi of nationalism and Middle East politics university courses across the ] and ].<ref>{{cite journal |first=Betty |last=Anderson |title=The Duality of National Identity in the Middle East: A Critical Review |pages=229–250 |journal=] |volume=11 |issue=2 |date=Fall 2002 |doi=10.1080/1066992022000007835}}</ref>


John Chalcraft of the ] described Massad's analysis of the impact of colonial subjection on modern Jordanian nationalism as "a major contribution to the literature on Jordanian nationalism, anticolonial nationalism, and the wider field of postcolonial studies;" he also criticizes the paucity of information Massad offers on how "the mass of the population barely get a mention in Massad's account," fared in this history: He finds that in Massad's account "there is an impression that one, white, male, colonial subject is privileged with potency, whereas the agency of others is effaced. For the colonizer, one theory of the subject, for the colonized, another."<ref></ref> John Chalcraft of the ] described Massad's analysis of the impact of colonial subjection on modern Jordanian nationalism as "a major contribution to the literature on Jordanian nationalism, anticolonial nationalism, and the wider field of postcolonial studies;" he also criticizes the paucity of information Massad offers on how "the mass of the population barely get a mention in Massad's account," fared in this history: he finds that in Massad's account "there is an impression that one, white, male, colonial subject is privileged with potency, whereas the agency of others is effaced. For the colonizer, one theory of the subject, for the colonized, another."<ref name="web.mit.edu 2006">{{cite web | title=Colonial Effects (Review) | website=web.mit.edu | date=April 27, 2006 | url=http://web.mit.edu/cis/www/mitejmes/issues/200310/br_chalcraft.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427184307/http://web.mit.edu/cis/www/mitejmes/issues/200310/br_chalcraft.htm | archive-date=April 27, 2006 | url-status=unfit | access-date=September 22, 2020 |first= John T |last=Chalcraft}}</ref>


== ''The Persistence of the Palestinian Question'' (2006) == == ''The Persistence of the Palestinian Question'' (2006) ==
''The Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Essays on Zionism and the Palestinians'', Massad's second book, was published in 2006 by ]. ''The Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Essays on Zionism and the Palestinians'', Massad's second book, was published in 2006 by ].


''The Persistence of the Palestinian Question'' analyzes ] and ] from a variety of angles, including ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Massad's analysis of the discourse on ] in the introduction deals with the dynamics of power relations between Zionism and the Palestinians and traces the history of Zionist and Israeli violence which the British called "terrorism" in Palestine before 1948 and after, while his title chapter on the persistence of the Palestinian question argues that the Palestinian and the Jewish questions are one and the same and that "both questions can only be resolved by the negation of anti-Semitism, which still plagues much of Europe and America and which mobilizes Zionism’s own hatred of Jewish Jews and of the Palestinians." ''The Persistence of the Palestinian Question'' analyzes ] and ] from a variety of angles, including ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Massad's analysis of the discourse on ] in the introduction deals with the dynamics of power relations between Zionism and the Palestinians and traces the history of Zionist and Israeli violence which the British called "terrorism" in Palestine before 1948 and after, while his title chapter on the persistence of the Palestinian question argues that the Palestinian and the Jewish questions are one and the same and that "both questions can only be resolved by the negation of anti-Semitism, which still plagues much of Europe and America and which mobilizes Zionism's own hatred of Jewish Jews and of the Palestinians."


The book has received praise from scholars ] and ] as well as from Palestinian historian ]. Shohat praised the book as a "timely and engaging volume" that "makes an invaluable contribution to the ongoing debate over Zionism and Palestine." Pappé saw the book as a "courageous intellectual exercise" and as "a thought provoking book that forces us to reverse our conventional images and perceptions about Palestine's history and future." <ref></ref> The book has received praise from scholars ] and ] as well as from Palestinian historian ]. Shohat praised the book as a "timely and engaging volume" that "makes an invaluable contribution to the ongoing debate over Zionism and Palestine." Pappé saw the book as a "courageous intellectual exercise" and as "a thought provoking book that forces us to reverse our conventional images and perceptions about Palestine's history and future."<ref name=reviews>{{cite web |url=https://www.routledge.com/The-Persistence-of-the-Palestinian-Question-Essays-on-Zionism-and-the-Palestinians/Massad/p/book/9780415770101 |title=The Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Critics' Reviews |website=Routledge |access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref>


{{Blockquote
Other scholars situated the book’s contribution in relation to European history and to the work of Edward Said. ] political science professor ] wrote:
<blockquote>"Massad's brilliant and scholarly work is profoundly illuminating not only for the history of Palestine and the discourses surrounding it, but for the history of Europe and the United States and, finally, as an account that raises compelling theoretical questions."<ref>{{cite web |text=Massad's brilliant and scholarly work is profoundly illuminating not only for the history of Palestine and the discourses surrounding it, but for the history of Europe and the United States and, finally, as an account that raises compelling theoretical questions.
|author=Anne Norton
|url=http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article6827.shtml|title= Interdependent Palestinian and Jewish Histories|publisher=electronicintifada.net|accessdate=2008-03-15|last=|first=}}</ref></blockquote>
}}<ref name=reviews />


In his review in ''Nations and Nationalism'', Israeli scholar Ephraim Nimni wrote:<ref>{{Cite journal
In his review in ''Nations and Nationalism'', Israeli scholar Ephraim Nimni wrote that "like his intellectual mentor, Massad reminds us of a long and honourable tradition of Jewish Intellectuals who could only envisage the solution to the Jewish Question through universal emancipation. It seems that Massad, and the late Edward Said, are existential Diaspora Jews of the old kind...The book is also fastidiously referenced, showing the erudition of the author and his command of the voluminous Israeli and Palestinian literature as well as the classics of Jewish history".<ref>{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1111/j.1469-8129.2008.00347_13.x |doi = 10.1111/j.1469-8129.2008.00347_13.x
| volume = 14 |volume = 14
| issue = 2 |issue = 2
| pages = 420–422 |pages = 420–422
| last = Nimni |last = Nimni
| first = Ephraim |first = Ephraim
| title = the Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Essays on Zionism and the Palestinians by Joseph Massad |title = The Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Essays on Zionism and the Palestinians by Joseph Massad
| journal = Nations and Nationalism |journal = Nations and Nationalism
| accessdate = 2008-05-05 |date = April 2008
}}</ref>
| date = 2008-04

| url = http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8129.2008.00347_13.x
<blockquote>like his intellectual mentor, Massad reminds us of a long and honourable tradition of Jewish Intellectuals who could only envisage the solution to the Jewish Question through universal emancipation. It seems that Massad, and the late Edward Said, are existential Diaspora Jews of the old kind ... The book is also fastidiously referenced, showing the erudition of the author and his command of the voluminous Israeli and Palestinian literature as well as the classics of Jewish history.</blockquote>
}}</ref>


== ''Desiring Arabs'' (2007) == == ''Desiring Arabs'' (2007) ==
Massad's third book, ''Desiring Arabs'', was published in 2007 by the ]. ''Desiring Arabs'' won Columbia University's 2008 Lionel Trilling Book Award, awarded by a jury of students on the grounds that it “offers a probing study of representations of Arab sexuality" and is "an important and eloquent work of scholarship that the committee feels will have a lasting impact on the field.<ref></ref> Massad's third book, ''Desiring Arabs'', was published in 2007 by the ]. ''Desiring Arabs'' won Columbia University's 2008 Lionel Trilling Book Award, awarded by a jury of students on the grounds that it "offers a probing study of representations of Arab sexuality" and is "an important and eloquent work of scholarship that the committee feels will have a lasting impact on the field."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbiaspectator.com/node/30777|title= Profs. Massad, Nathan Receive Trilling, Van Doren Awards |first= Maggie |last= Astor |date=29 April 2008|website=Columbia Daily Spectator|access-date=2008-05-06|archive-date=2 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502225328/http://www.columbiaspectator.com/node/30777/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


''Desiring Arabs'' is an intellectual history of the Arab world and its Western representations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book makes contributions to a number of academic and theoretical fields. It extends Said’s study of Orientalism by analyzing the latter’s impact on Arab intellectual production; it links Orientalism to definitions and representations of sex and desire and in doing so provides a colonial archive to the sexual question that has hitherto been missing; it approaches the literary as the limits of imagining the future; and puts forth the question of translation as a central problem in Euro-American studies of the other. ''Desiring Arabs'' is an intellectual history of the Arab world and its Western representations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book makes contributions to a number of academic and theoretical fields. It extends Said's study of ] by analyzing the latter's impact on Arab intellectual production; it links Orientalism to definitions and representations of sex and desire and in doing so provides a colonial archive to the sexual question that has hitherto been missing; it approaches the literary as the limits of imagining the future; and puts forth the question of translation as a central problem in Euro-American studies of the other.


Massad argues that "Western male white-dominated" gay activists, under the umbrella of what he terms the "Gay International," have engaged in a "missionary" effort to impose the binary categories of heterosexual/homosexual into cultures where no such subjectivities exist, and that these activists in fact ultimately replicate in these cultures the very structures they challenge in their own home countries. Massad writes that "The categories gay and lesbian are not universal at all and can only be universalized by the epistemic, ethical, and political violence unleashed on the rest of the world by the very international human rights advocates whose aim is to defend the very people their intervention is creating." Massad argues that "Western male white-dominated" gay activists, under the umbrella of what he terms the "Gay International," have engaged in a "missionary" effort to impose the binary categories of heterosexual/homosexual into cultures where no such subjectivities exist, and that these activists in fact ultimately replicate in these cultures the very structures they challenge in their own home countries.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Massad writes that


<blockquote>The categories gay and lesbian are not universal at all and can only be universalized by the epistemic, ethical, and political violence unleashed on the rest of the world by the very international human rights advocates whose aim is to defend the very people their intervention is creating.</blockquote>
=== Academic impact ===


=== Reviews ===
''Desiring Arabs'' has received critical praise from academics for its contributions both to the analysis of Arab culture and to the theory of sexuality.
In her review of ''Desiring Arabs'' in the ''Arab Studies Journal'', feminist scholar ], a professor of sociology at CUNY, wrote, "This truly monumental book is a corrective to ] ] that inexplicably omitted the role played by the cultural effects of colonial systems on conceptions and constructions of sexuality ... is an epoch-making book".<ref>{{cite journal |first=Marnia |last=Lazreg |title=Desiring Arabs (Review) |journal=Arab Studies Journal |volume=15/16 |issue=2/1 |date=2007 |jstor=27934041 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27934041}}</ref> Khaled El-Rouayheb of Harvard University called the book "a pioneering work on a very timely yet frustratingly neglected topic. ... I know of no other study that can even begin to compare with the detail and scope of work."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://merip.org/mer/mer245/mer245.html|magazine=Middle East Report |title=Massad, Desiring Arabs (Review) |first=Khaled |last=El-Rouayheb |issue=245 |date=Winter 2007|access-date=2008-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723155212/http://merip.org/mer/mer245/mer245.html|archive-date=2008-07-23|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Samia Mehrez, a professor of Arabic Literature at the American University in Cairo writes in the '']'':<ref>{{cite journal |title=Book Reviews |journal=] |volume=18 |issue=1 |date=March 2009 |pages=77–79 |doi=10.1080/09589230802586613}}</ref>
], professor of Anthropology at ], described it as a "remarkable book, at once a fascinating history of ideas and a brilliantly analyzed case study of cultural imperialism.... is quite stunning."<ref name=autogenerated1></ref> ], professor of Arabic Literature at the ], praised the book as an "elaborate, relentless, and unabashed" critique of Arab intellectual production on the question of sex and desire, "the most interesting and equally illuminating commentaries on modern Arab culture to be published in the past decade."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> ], Avalon Foundation Professor of the Humanities, ] blurbed the book in the following terms. "This compendious study of the discursive production of an Arab sexuality incorporates new readings of the modernity/tradition debates that go well beyond a specifically Arab context, and moves all the way from historical research into the history of literature and literary criticism. Even as it supplements ]'s work by its consideration of Arab Orientalism, Desiring Arabs boldly looks forward to an unscripted future."


<blockquote>''Desiring Arabs'' by Joseph Massad is an impressive project that ventures into uncharted territory and can be read as a complement to both Edward Said's Orientalism and Michel Foucault's work on sexuality. Like all of Massad's work, ''Desiring Arabs'' investigates the discursive and institutional continuum through which culture is 'invented' under both colonial rule through colonial practices that sought to reify racial and religious differences as well as through the cultural politics of the post-colonial nation state and its efforts to consolidate the nation, national identity, and national belonging.</blockquote>
Ferial Ghazoul reviewed the book in the Journal of Arabic Literature, stating that Desiring Arabs"is a brilliant text with a breadth of knowledge and sophisticated analytical techniques... Massad's interdisciplinary approach, dense prose, impeccable research, and above all the thought-provoking issues he raises make his book a scholarly landmark...As a student of the late Edward W. Said and as Desiring Arabs was dedicated to Said..., Massad has certainly learned the lessons of Said, his critical innovation, his scholarly meticulousness, and his virtuoso style." <ref>Journal of Arabic Literature (no.39 (2008) 424-430)</ref>


] in the ''Journal of Arabic Literature'', writes:<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=25597988|title= Reviewed work: Desiring Arabs, Joseph A. Massad|last1= Ghazoul|first1= Ferial J.|journal= Journal of Arabic Literature|date= 2008|volume= 39|issue= 3|pages= 424–427|doi= 10.1163/157006408X377200}}</ref>
Feminist scholar ], a professor of history at ], describes the book as "an inspired and erudite intellectual history, complex, nuanced, critical, and deeply engaged." Scott comments that Massad refuses both an essentialized opposition between Arab and Western civilization and an all-embracing universalism offered in the name of human rights. Instead, she writes, Massad insists that representations of Arab sexuality must be understood historically, as the outcome of the encounter between Arab and Orientalist writers.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> In her review of the book in the Arab Studies Journal, feminist scholar Marnia Lazreg, a professor of sociology at CUNY, wrote, "This truly monumental book is a corrective to Michel Foucault's History of Sexuality that inexplicably omitted the role played by the cultural effects of colonial systems on conceptions and constructions of sexuality... is an epoch-making book".<ref>Arab Studies Journal, Vol XV No. 2 /Vol XVI No. 1, 202</ref> Khaled El-Rouayheb of Harvard University called the book: "A pioneering work on a very timely yet frustratingly neglected
{{blockquote|text=Massad's interdisciplinary approach, dense prose, impeccable research, and above all the thought-provoking issues he raises make his book a scholarly landmark ... As a student of the late Edward W. Said and as ''Desiring Arabs'' was dedicated to Said ... , Massad has certainly learned the lessons of Said, his critical innovation, his scholarly meticulousness, and his virtuoso style.}}
topic. . . . I know of no other study that can even begin to compare with the detail and scope of work."<ref>Middle East Report http://merip.org/mer/mer245/mer245.html</ref>


While there has been a clear consensus on the book's significant scholarly contributions, some of the book's theses have been criticized by Rayyan Al-Shawaf, a freelance writer and reviewer living in Beirut, who concedes that Massad makes a few good points, but observes that "Massad's relativism – stemming from his accurate observation that 'homosexuality' is alien to Arab same-gender sexual traditions – is so extreme that he refuses to support a call for universal freedom of sexual identity."<ref name="Shawaf-D">{{cite web
Samia Mehrez, a professor of Arabic Literature at the American University in Cairo writes in the '']'': "Desiring Arabs by Joseph Massad is an impressive project that ventures into uncharted territory and can be read as a complement to both Edward Said's Orientalism and Michel Foucault's work on sexuality. Like all of Massad's work, Desiring Arabs investigates the discursive and institutional continuum through which culture is 'invented' under both colonial rule through colonial practices that sought to reify racial and religious differences as well as through the cultural politics of the post-colonial nation state and its efforts to consolidate the nation, national identity, and national belonging." <ref>'']'', Vol. 18, No. 1, March 2009, 77-79</ref>
|url = http://democratiya.org/review.asp?reviews_id=148
|title = Desiring Arabs
|access-date = 2009-03-02
|last = Al-Shawaf
|first = Rayyan
|date = Spring 2008
|publisher = ]
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081002220337/http://democratiya.org/review.asp?reviews_id=148
|archive-date = 2008-10-02
}}</ref> Al-Shawaf argues that,<ref name="Shawaf-D" />


<blockquote>In postulating the inevitability of (heterosexual) Arab violence wherever there is gay and lesbian assertiveness, Massad pre-emptively exonerates the perpetrators – whether individuals or the state – of any wrongdoing. However regrettable their behaviour, those Arabs who react violently to the gay rights campaign are not perceived by Massad as responsible for their actions, but as caught up in a broader struggle against 'imperialism', to which the gay rights movement is wedded.</blockquote>
While there has been a clear consensus on the book's significant scholarly contributions, some of the book's theses have also been criticized by Rayyan Al-Shawaf, a freelance writer and reviewer living in Beirut, who concedes that Massad makes a few good points, but observes that "Massad’s relativism - stemming from his accurate observation that ‘homosexuality’ is alien to Arab same-gender sexual traditions - is so extreme that he refuses to support a call for universal freedom of sexual identity."<ref name = "Shawaf-D">{{cite web

| url = http://democratiya.org/review.asp?reviews_id=148
Brian Whitaker criticized Massad for, in his view, repeating a common view of ] and ] which essentially believes LGBT+ activism or identities are the result of a conspiracy by Western forces imposing themselves into Arab or Muslim societies. Massad ascribes this to Orientalist, colonial impulses, but Whitaker notes he cites no evidence of such motives, or a supposed excessive attention by what Massad calls the "Gay International" (LGBT+ rights groups) and human rights organizations on such societies. He is also critical of Massad seeming to present "the West" as a unified entity on such matters, ignoring opposition within Western countries toward LGBT+ acceptance or rights. Whitaker concludes Massad is blinded by his focus on these alleged forces which causes him to ascribe such pernicious influence as the cause of LGBT+ issues being raised in the Arab and Muslim world, rather than as the outgrowth of a wider social movement as a whole, following naturally from greater global communication. Massad is faulted as ignoring evidence of Arab and Muslim people adopting LGBT+ identities themselves, along with dismissing or downplaying repression they suffer from their governments.<ref name=al-bab />
| title = Desiring Arabs

| accessdate = 2009-03-02
== ''Islam in Liberalism'' (2015) ==
| last = Al-Shawaf
''Islam in Liberalism'' is Joseph Massad's fourth book, published by University of Chicago Press in 2015. An article published by the '']'' states that the thesis of the book is that "American and European missionaries of liberalism are trying to proselytize Muslims – and the entire world writ large – to the only sane system of values that exists on the planet: those of Western liberalism". The book deals with the "instrumentalization of Islam in the West" and responds to critiques of his earlier book ''Desiring Arabs''.<ref>{{cite news
| first = Rayyan
| year = 2008 | last1 = Provitola
| month = Spring | first1 = Anna
| last2 = Steinmetz-Jenkins
| publisher = ]
| first2 = Daniel
}}
| title = Why Liberalism Needs Islam
</ref> Al-Shawaf argues that, "In postulating the inevitability of (heterosexual) Arab violence wherever there is gay and lesbian assertiveness, Massad pre-emptively exonerates the perpetrators - whether individuals or the state - of any wrongdoing. However regrettable their behaviour, those Arabs who react violently to the gay rights campaign are not perceived by Massad as responsible for their actions, but as caught up in a broader struggle against ‘imperialism’, to which the gay rights movement is wedded."<ref name = "Shawaf-D" />
| url = https://lareviewofbooks.org/review/why-liberalism-needs-islam
| access-date = 11 September 2015
| work = LA Review of Books
}}</ref>


== Political views == == Political views ==

=== On antisemitism === === On antisemitism ===


Following arguments made by ] in his 1978 book ], Massad asserts that 19th Century European ] characterizations of Jews have transformed in the present era to target Arabs, while maintaining the same racialist characterizations, and thus, ] towards Arabs and Muslims today is a form of "Euro-American Christian anti-Semitism and...Israeli Jewish anti-Semitism."<ref></ref> Massad bases this belief on an understanding of anti-Semitism as a specific historical phenomenon originating in Europe, rather than simply as hatred of Jews; he writes: "...the claims made by many nowadays that any manifestation of hatred against Jews in any geographic location on Earth and in any historical period is 'anti-Semitism' smack of a gross misunderstanding of the European history of anti-Semitism."<ref name = "MassadSemitesAntiSemites">{{cite web Following arguments made by ] in his 1978 book '']'', Massad asserts that 19th century European ] characterizations of Jews have transformed in the present era to target Arabs while maintaining the same racialist characterizations. Thus, ] towards Arabs and Muslims today is a form of "Euro-American ] and ... Israeli Jewish anti-Semitism."<ref name="MassadSemitesAntiSemites">{{cite news|last1=Massad|first1=Joseph|title=Semites and anti-Semites, that is the question|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2004/720/op63.htm|access-date=29 March 2018|work=Al-Ahram Weekly|issue=720|date=9–15 December 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130202937/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2004/720/op63.htm|archive-date=2017-11-30}}</ref> Massad bases this belief on an understanding of antisemitism as a specific historical phenomenon originating in Europe, rather than simply as hatred of Jews; he writes: "the claims made by many nowadays that any manifestation of hatred against Jews in any geographic location on Earth and in any historical period is 'anti-Semitism' smack of a gross misunderstanding of the European history of anti-Semitism." <ref name="MassadSemitesAntiSemites" />
| url = http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/720/op63.htm
| title = Semites and anti-Semites, that is the question
| accessdate = 2007-12-22
| last = Massad
| first = Joseph
| year = 2004
| month = December
| publisher = ]
}}
</ref>


=== On Israel and Zionism === === On Israel and Zionism ===


Massad has characterized Israel as "a ] Jewish state."<ref name = "MassadLegacyOfSartre"> Massad believes that Israel is a ] Jewish state.<ref name="MassadLegacyOfSartre">{{cite web
|url = http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/623/op33.htm
{{cite web
|title = The legacy of Jean-Paul Sartre
| url = http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/623/op33.htm
|access-date = 2006-09-20
| title = The legacy of Jean-Paul Sartre
|last = Massad
| accessdate = 2006-09-20
|first = Joseph
| last = Massad
|date = February 2003
| first = Joseph
|publisher = ] Weekly
| year = 2003
|url-status = dead
| month = February
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060918010623/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/623/op33.htm
| publisher = ]
|archive-date = 2006-09-18
}}
</ref> In Massad's view, Zionism is not only racist but ], and anti-Semitic not only towards Arab Palestinians, but also towards Jews. Massad writes that after Europeans invented the racialist conception of the "Semite," the Zionist movement "adopted wholesale anti-Semitic ideologies",<ref name = "MassadSemitesAntiSemites"/> and describes Zionism as an "anti-Semitic project of destroying Jewish cultures and languages in the diaspora", which has ultimately led to "the transformation of the Jew into the anti-Semite, and the Palestinian into the Jew."<ref name = "MassadLegacyOfSartre"/> Massad further accuses Zionists of unjustly "appropriating the fruit of the land that Palestinian peasants produced," and specifies the renaming of "Palestinian rural salad (now known in New York delis as ])" as an example of Israeli "racism."<ref>Joseph Massad, "The Persistence of the Palestinian Question," in ''Empire & Terror: Nationalism/postnationalism in the New Millennium,'' Begoña Aretxaga, University of Nevada, Reno Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada Press, 2005 p. 63</ref> }}</ref> He believes that Zionism is not only racist but antisemitic, and antisemitic not only towards Arab Palestinians but also towards Jews. Massad writes that after Europeans invented the racialist conception of the "Semite," the Zionist movement "adopted wholesale anti-Semitic ideologies," <ref name="MassadSemitesAntiSemites" /> and describes Zionism as an "anti-Semitic project of destroying Jewish cultures and languages in the diaspora," which has ultimately led to "the transformation of the Jew into the anti-Semite, and the Palestinian into the Jew."<ref name="MassadLegacyOfSartre" /> Massad further accuses Zionists of unjustly "appropriating the fruit of the land that Palestinian peasants produced," and specifies the renaming of "Palestinian rural salad (now known in New York delis as ])" as an example of Israeli racism.<ref>{{cite book |first=Joseph |last=Massad |chapter=The Persistence of the Palestinian Question |title=Empire & Terror: Nationalism/postnationalism in the New Millennium |editor-first=Begoña |editor-last=Aretxaga |publisher=University of Nevada, Reno Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada Press |date=2005 |page=63}}</ref>


Massad has spoken of genetic links being established between 19th century European Jews and the ancient ] kingdom and the creation of a "semitic" identity for Jews at that time as actually a European, racist construction designed to portray European Jews as foreigners.<ref></ref> Massad considers claims to Israel made by the Zionists movement based on that connection to be "problematic." In a debate with Israeli historian ], Massad said: Massad has spoken of ] being established between 19th-century European Jews and the ancient ] kingdom and the creation of a "Semitic" identity for Jews at that time as actually a European, racist construction designed to portray European Jews as foreigners.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bwog.net/publicate/index.php?page=post&article_id=3115|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220181531/http://www.bwog.net/publicate/index.php?page=post&article_id=3115|url-status=dead|website=The Bwog |title=Lecture Hop: Right to be Racist edition|archive-date=February 20, 2007}}</ref> Massad considers claims to Israel made by the Zionist movement based on that connection to be problematic. In a debate with Israeli historian ], Massad said:


<blockquote>The claim made by the Zionists, and by Professor Morris, that late nineteenth-century European Jews are direct descendants of the ancient Palestinian Hebrews is what is preposterous here. This kind of anti-Semitic claim that European Jews were not European that was propagated by the racist and biological discourses on the nineteenth century, that they somehow descend from first-century Hebrews, despite the fact that they look like other Europeans, that they speak European languages, is what is absurd.<ref>Joseph Massad, quoted in Andrew Whitehead, "History on the Line, ‘No Common Ground’: Joseph Massad and Benny Morris Discuss the Middle East," ''History Workshop Journal'' 53:1 (2002), pp. 214-215)</ref></blockquote> <blockquote>The claim made by the Zionists, and by Professor Morris, that late nineteenth-century European Jews are direct descendants of the ancient Palestinian Hebrews is what is preposterous here. This kind of anti-Semitic claim that European Jews were not European that was propagated by the racist and biological discourses on the nineteenth century, that they somehow descend from first-century Hebrews, despite the fact that they look like other Europeans, that they speak European languages, is what is absurd.<ref>Massad, Joseph, quoted in {{cite journal |first=Andrew |last=Whitehead |title=History on the Line, 'No Common Ground': Joseph Massad and Benny Morris Discuss the Middle East |journal=History Workshop Journal |volume=53 |issue=1 |date=Spring 2002 |pages=214–215 |doi=10.1093/hwj/53.1.205 |jstor=4289780 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4289780}}</ref></blockquote>


=== On the United States === === On the United States ===


Massad was especially critical of "rabidly pro-Israeli American President Obama."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article10221.shtml|title=Israel's right to defend itself|first=Joseph |last=Massad|date=20 January 2009 |website=Electronic Intifada |access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref>
Massad argues that ] is ultimately behind Israeli actions. He has attacked the ] thesis, saying, "the lobby is powerful in the United States because its major claims are about advancing US interests and its support for Israel is contextualised in its support for the overall US strategy in the Middle East."<ref name="MassadIsraelLobby">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.counterpunch.org/massad03252006.html
| title = Blaming the Israel Lobby
| accessdate = 2006-09-21
| last = Massad
| first = Joseph
| date = March 26, 2006
| publisher = www.counterpunch.org
}}
</ref> Massad is especially critical of "rabidly pro-Israeli American President Obama."<ref>Israel's right to defend itself, Joseph Massad, The Electronic Intifada, 20 January 2009 </ref>


Massad views US culture as deeply infected with racism and misogyny, tying the ] case to torture in ], and arguing that in Iraq, "American male sexual prowess, usually reserved for American women, put to military use in imperial conquests", with "Iraqis... posited.. as women and feminised men to be penetrated by the missiles and bombs ejected from American warplanes." Massad concludes that "the content of the word 'freedom' that American politicians and propagandists want to impose on the rest of the world is nothing more and nothing less than America's violent domination, racism, torture, sexual humiliation, and the rest of it."<ref name = "MassadImperialMementos"> Massad views U.S. culture as deeply infected with racism and ], tying the ] case to ], and arguing that in Iraq, "American male sexual prowess, usually reserved for American women, put to military use in imperial conquests", with "Iraqis ... posited.. as women and feminised men to be penetrated by the missiles and bombs ejected from American warplanes." Massad concludes that "the content of the word 'freedom' that American politicians and propagandists want to impose on the rest of the world is nothing more and nothing less than America's violent domination, racism, torture, sexual humiliation, and the rest of it."<ref name="MassadImperialMementos">{{cite web
|url = http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/691/op2.htm
{{cite web
|title = Imperial mementos
| url = http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/691/op2.htm
|access-date = 2007-12-27
| title = Imperial mementos
|last = Massad
| accessdate = 2007-12-27
|first = Joseph
| last = Massad
|date = May 2004
| first = Joseph
|publisher = ] Weekly
| year = 2004
|url-status = dead
| month = May
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071216085324/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/691/op2.htm
| publisher = ]
|archive-date = 2007-12-16
}}
</ref> }}</ref>


Massad has also criticized Arab intellectuals who "defend the racist and barbaric policies" of the ], the ] and the ] in the ].<ref> Massad has also criticized Arab intellectuals who "defend the racist and barbaric policies" of the ], the ], and the ] in the ].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/375/cult4.htm
{{cite web
|title = Book Review: Not so secret gardens
| url = http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/375/cult4.htm
|access-date = 2007-12-27
| title = Not so secret gardens
|last = Massad
| accessdate = 2007-12-27
|first = Joseph
| last = Massad
|date = April 1998
| first = Joseph
|publisher = ] Weekly
| year = 1998
|url-status = dead
| month = April
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080415164645/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/375/cult4.htm
| publisher = ]
|archive-date = 2008-04-15
}}
</ref> }}</ref>


===On the Palestinian Authority=== ===On the Palestinian Authority and Hamas===


Massad refers to the ] (PA) as the "Palestinian Collaborationist Authority", calls ] the "chief Palestinian collaborator", and accuses the PA of collaborating with Israel and the United States to crush Palestinian resistance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article10110.shtml|title=The Gaza Ghetto Uprising|first=Joseph |last=Massad|date=4 January 2009 |website=Electronic Intifada |access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref> In October 2023, Massad wrote an essay in '']'' on the ] in which he praised the attacks as "awesome", "astounding", and "incredible" and that they were a "stunning victory". This essay was characterized by the '']'', '']'', the ], and '']'' as supporting the attacks, and led to a petition to Columbia to remove him from his post that was signed by over 50,000 people. He was defended by the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-768109|title=Columbia professor praises Hamas attacks on civilians|date=13 October 2023 |work=Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/columbia-professor-faces-removal-petition-after-pro-hamas-attack-article-2023-10|title=A Columbia professor called Hamas terror attacks 'awesome' and 'astounding' in an article. A petition for his removal has passed 34,000 signatures.|first=Thibault|last=Spirlet|work=Business Insider|date=16 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newarab.com/news/pro-israel-campaign-targets-columbia-u-scholar-joseph-massad?amp|title=Columbia Uni urged to defend Joseph Massad amid pro-Israel pressure, death threats|work=The New Arab|date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/resources/blog/some-us-professors-praise-hamass-october-7-terror-attacks|title=Some U.S. Professors Praise Hamas's October 7 Terror Attacks|work=ADL|date=8 November 2023}}</ref> In a hearing before the ] in April 2024, the president of Columbia University said that Massad was "spoken to" regarding this essay but that he was not disciplined.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buchwald |first=Elisabeth |date=2024-04-18 |title=Professor who Columbia president said was 'spoken to' for calling Hamas invasion 'astounding' says he wasn't disciplined {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/17/business/professor-columbia-president-hamas-attack/index.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>
Massad refers to the ] as the “Palestinian Collaborationist Authority,” calls ] the “chief Palestinian collaborator,” and accuses the PA of collaborating with Israel and the United States to crush Palestinian resistance.<ref>The Gaza Ghetto Uprising, Joseph Massad, The Electronic Intifada, 4 January 2009 </ref>


== ''Columbia Unbecoming'' == == ''Columbia Unbecoming'' ==


{{main|Columbia Unbecoming controversy}}
In 2004, a pro-Israel activist organization, the ], produced a film, ''Columbia Unbecoming'', interviewing students who claimed that Massad and other Columbia professors had intimidated or been unfair to them for their pro-Israel views. This eventually sparked the appointment of an Ad Hoc Grievance Committee by the university to investigate the complaints. In response to the film, ] ] called on Columbia to fire Massad for what Weiner characterized as "anti-Semitic rantings."<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.nysun.com/article/3602
| title = Rep. Weiner Asks Columbia to Fire Anti-Israel Prof
| date = October 22, 2004
| accessdate = 2007-12-25
| publisher = ]
}}
</ref>


Massad was the center of the ]. In fall 2004, a pro-Israel campus organization produced a film, ''Columbia Unbecoming'', interviewing students who claimed that he and other Columbia professors had intimidated or been unfair to them for their pro-Israel views. This led to the appointment of a committee by the university to investigate the complaints. In response to the film, ] ] called on Columbia to fire Massad for what Weiner characterized as "anti-Semitic rantings."<ref>{{cite web
The Ad Hoc Grievance Committee, which concluded its work in April 2005, dismissed most of the allegations against Massad, writing in its report that it had "no basis for believing that Professor Massad systematically suppressed dissenting views in his classroom." and stated that they "found no evidence of any statements made by the faculty that could reasonably be construed as anti-semitic."<ref name="report">{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/05/03/ad_hoc_grievance_committee_report.html |title=Ad Hoc Grievance Committee Report|date=2005-03-28|publisher=Columbia University|accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> The committee found it credible that Massad was angered by a question in class from a student that he understood to be defending Israel's conduct toward Palestinians and that his response "exceeded commonly accepted bounds by conveying that her question merited harsh public criticism." but it also described an environment of incivility, with pro-Israel students disrupting lectures on Middle Eastern studies.<ref name="report"/>
|url = http://www.nysun.com/article/3602
|title = Rep. Weiner Asks Columbia to Fire Anti-Israel Prof
|date = October 22, 2004
|access-date = 2007-12-25
|publisher = ]
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041023102718/https://www.nysun.com/article/3602
|archive-date = 23 October 2004
|first = Jacob
|last = Gershman
|url-status = live
}}</ref>


The committee concluded its work in spring 2005, dismissed most of the allegations against Massad and the other professors, writing in its report that it had "no basis for believing that Professor Massad systematically suppressed dissenting views in his classroom" and stated that they "found no evidence of any statements made by the faculty that could reasonably be construed as anti-semitic."<ref name="report">{{cite web
Critics described the committee's findings as a whitewash.<ref name="wt2005-04-16">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2005/apr/16/20050416-111814-7613r/|title=What's going on ...|date=2005-04-16|publisher=The Washington Times|accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="NYDailyNews">{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/opinions/2005/04/04/2005-04-04_columbia_s_blind_spot__dilut.html|title=COLUMBIA'S BLIND SPOT DILUTED FINDINGS ON ANTI-SEMITISM COME FROM DELUDED PANEL|last=SCHWARTZ|first=RICHARD|date=2005-04-04|publisher=New York Daily News|accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="Hentoff">{{cite news|author=Nat Hentoff|title=Columbia Whitewashes Itself: A committee of insiders, some with conflicts of interest, clears the university|date=2005-04-08
|url = http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/05/03/ad_hoc_grievance_committee_report.html
|publisher=]}}</ref> A speaker for the student group Columbians for Academic Freedom, called the committee's finding that statements made were not anti-Semitic "deeply insulting", not because he believed it to be false but because student complaints were about intimidation, rather than racism.<ref name="nyp2005-04-01">{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/columbia_jews_want_outside_probe_eBoaUhg8BzjNURYu7d5crM|title=COLUMBIA JEWS WANT OUTSIDE PROBE|last=ANDREATTA|first=DAVID|date=2005-04-01|publisher=New York Post|accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> Some had previously complained that the committee contained members who, in their opinion, had "anti-Israel views" and personal connections to Massad.<ref name="nytpanel">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/31/education/31columbia.html|title=Columbia Panel Clears Professors Of Anti-Semitism|last=Arenson|first=Karen|date=2005-03-31|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|title = Ad Hoc Grievance Committee Report
| url = http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2005/01/27/committee-draws-fire-keeps-investigating-mealac
|date = 2005-03-28
| title = Committee Draws Fire, Keeps Investigating MEALAC
|publisher = Columbia University
| accessdate = 2008-01-25
|access-date = 23 April 2010
| last = Hirschmann
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100131010653/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/05/03/ad_hoc_grievance_committee_report.html
| first = Lisa
|archive-date = 31 January 2010
| year = 2005
|url-status = live
| month = January
}}</ref> The committee found it "credible" that Massad was angered by a question in class from a student that he understood to be defending Israel's conduct toward Palestinians and that his response "exceeded commonly accepted bounds by conveying that her question merited harsh public criticism", but it also described an environment of incivility, with pro-Israel students disrupting lectures on ].<ref name="report" /> Critics described the committee's findings as a whitewash.<ref name="wt2005-04-16">{{cite news
| publisher = ]
| url = http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2005/apr/16/20050416-111814-7613r/
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = What's going on ...
| url = http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2005/02/14/double-disservice-david-project-fails-its-mission
| date = 2005-04-16
| title = A Double Disservice: the David Project Fails in its Mission
| publisher = The Washington Times
| accessdate = 2008-01-25
| access-date = 28 May 2024
| last = Frank
}}</ref><ref name="NYDailyNews">{{cite news
| first = Zac
|url = http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/opinions/columbia-blind-spot-diluted-findings-anti-semitism-deluded-panel-article-1.626001
| year = 2005
|title = COLUMBIA'S BLIND SPOT DILUTED FINDINGS ON ANTI-SEMITISM COME FROM DELUDED PANEL
| month = February
|last = SCHWARTZ
| publisher = ]
|first = RICHARD
|date = 2005-04-04
|work = New York Daily News
|access-date = 23 April 2010
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180330075801/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/opinions/columbia-blind-spot-diluted-findings-anti-semitism-deluded-panel-article-1.626001
|archive-date = 30 March 2018
|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name="Hentoff">{{cite news
| first= Nat
| last = Hentoff
| title = Columbia Whitewashes Itself: A committee of insiders, some with conflicts of interest, clears the university
| date = 2005-04-08
| publisher = ]
}}</ref> }}</ref>


Massad too criticized the findings, writing that it "suffer from major logical flaws, undefended conclusions, inconsistencies, and clear bias in favor of the witch-hunt that has targeted me for over three years".<ref name="cds2009"/> Massad continued to deny the one allegation that the report found "credible." Two students beside his accuser said that they witnessed the incident, but a teaching assistant said on ] in April 2005 that she was present and that Massad did not angrily criticize the student in question; after the release of the report, 20 students signed a letter stating that they were in class on the day of the alleged incident, and that the incident had never happened.<ref name="MEALAC" />
In response to the investigation of Massad and other professors by Columbia, Donna Lieberman, executive director of the ], expressed concern that it would become an inquisition into the political views of professors, and that there was a "political agenda" motivating the complaints. Lieberman previously had met with some of the Columbia students who have made the allegations featured in ''Columbia Unbecoming'' and said in an interview that it was "wrong to accept these allegations at face value".<ref>Jacob Gershman. ''The New York Sun''. December 28, 2004.</ref>


In an editorial discussing the case one week after the release of the Committee report,<ref name="nytpanel">{{cite news
Massad continues to deny the one allegation that the report found "credible." Two students beside his accuser said that they witnessed the incident, but a teaching assistant said on ] in April 2005 that she was present and that Massad did not angrily criticize the student in question; after the release of the report, 20 students signed a letter stating that they were in class on the day of the alleged incident, and that the incident had never happened.<ref name = "MEALAC"/>
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/31/education/31columbia.html
| title = Columbia Panel Clears Professors Of Anti-Semitism
| last = Arenson
| first = Karen
| date = 2005-03-31
| work = New York Times
| access-date = 23 April 2010
}}</ref> the '']'' noted that, while it believed Massad had been guilty of inappropriate behavior, it found the controversy overblown and professors such as Massad themselves victimized:


<blockquote>There is no evidence that anyone's grade suffered for challenging the pro-Palestinian views of any teacher or that any professors made anti-Semitic statements. The professors who were targeted have legitimate complaints themselves. Their classes were infiltrated by hecklers and surreptitious monitors, and they received hate mail and death threats.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/07/opinion/07thu1.html |title=Editorial: Intimidation at Columbia |work=The New York Times |date=April 7, 2005}}</ref></blockquote>
In an editorial discussing the case one week after the release of the Committee report,<ref name="nytpanel"/> the '']'' noted that, while it believed Massad had been guilty of inappropriate behavior, it found the controversy overblown and professors such as Massad themselves victimized:
<blockquote>There is no evidence that anyone's grade suffered for challenging the pro-Palestinian views of any teacher or that any professors made anti-Semitic statements. The professors who were targeted have legitimate complaints themselves. Their classes were infiltrated by hecklers and surreptitious monitors, and they received hate mail and death threats. The panel had no mandate to examine the quality and fairness of teaching. That leaves the university to follow up on complaints about politicized courses and a lack of scholarly rigor as part of its effort to upgrade the department.<ref>Editorial. ''The New York Times.'' April 7, 2005.</ref></blockquote>


==Ankori libel suit== ==Ankori threat of libel suit==


A review by Massad of the book ''Palestinian Art'', written by Israeli art history professor ], was the subject of a ].<ref name=GoldbergForward></ref> In the review, Massad accused Ankori of illegitimately appropriating the work of ], a Palestinian artist and art historian, a charge which Ankori viewed as defamatory. A review by Massad of the book ''Palestinian Art'', written by Israeli art history professor ], was threatened by a ].<ref name=GoldbergForward>{{Cite web|url=https://forward.com/opinion/13747/neutrals-caught-in-the-crossfire-02167/|title=Neutrals, Caught in the Crossfire|date=July 10, 2008|website=The Forward |first=J. J. |last=Goldberg |access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref> In the review, Massad accused Ankori of illegitimately appropriating the work of ], a Palestinian artist and art historian, a charge which Ankori viewed as defamatory.


The review appeared in ], a publication of the ] of America, (CAA). To settle the suit out of court, the CAA agreed to issue an apology to Ms. Ankori, to pay her $75,000.00 and to send a letter to its institutional subscribers, stating that the Massad review “contained factual errors and certain unfounded assertions.<ref>Scholarly Association Settles 'Libel Tourism' Case, Jennifer Howard, June, 2008, Chronicle of Higher Education, http://chronicle.com/daily/2008/06/3426n.htm</ref><ref name=HowardChronicle>Art Association Paid $75,000 to Avoid Libel Lawsuit, June 22, 2008, http://chronicle.com/news/article/4719/art-association-paid-75000-to-avoid-libel-lawsuit</ref><ref>Art Journal Pays Israeli Scholar $75K After Libel Lawsuit Threat; Article by Controversial Columbia Prof. Is at Issue, By Marc Perelman, Jun 20, 2008, Forward, http://www.forward.com/articles/13627/</ref> Massad acknowledged "minor errors", but not libel, and accused the CAA of cowardice.<ref name=HowardChronicle/> CAA executive director Linda Downs told the ''Forward'' that, while "there were mistakes" in the review, the journal agreed to pay only because it could not afford to fight out the case.<ref name=GoldbergForward/> The review appeared in '']'', a publication of the ] of America (CAA). To avoid a libel suit, the CAA agreed to issue an apology to Ankori, to pay her $75,000, and to send a letter to its institutional subscribers, stating that the Massad review "contained factual errors and certain unfounded assertions."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chronicle.com/daily/2008/06/3426n.htm|title=Scholarly Association Settles 'Libel Tourism' Case|first=Jennifer|last=Howard|date=18 June 2008|via=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref><ref name=HowardChronicle>{{cite web|url=http://chronicle.com/news/article/4719/art-association-paid-75000-to-avoid-libel-lawsuit|title=Art Association Paid $75,000 to Avoid Libel Lawsuit|date=22 June 2008|via=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forward.com/news/breaking-news/13627/art-journal-pays-israeli-scholar-75k-after-libel-02064/|title=Art Journal Pays Israeli Scholar $75K After Libel Lawsuit Threat|date=June 20, 2008|website=The Forward |first=Marc |last=Perelman}}</ref> Massad acknowledged "minor errors", but not libel, and accused the CAA of cowardice.<ref name=HowardChronicle /> CAA executive director Linda Downs told '']'' that, while "there were mistakes" in the review, the journal agreed to pay only because it could not afford to fight out the case.<ref name=GoldbergForward />


==Books== ==Books==
*{{cite book * {{cite book
| last = Massad | last = Massad
| first = Joseph A. | first = Joseph A.
| title = Colonial effects: the making of national identity in Jordan | title = Colonial effects: the making of national identity in Jordan
| date = October 15, 2001 | date = October 15, 2001
| publisher = ] | publisher = ]
| location = ] | location = ]
| isbn = 0-231-12322-1 | isbn = 0-231-12322-1
| lccn = 200128017 | lccn = 2001028017
}} }}
*{{cite book * {{cite book
| last = Massad | last = Massad
| first = Joseph A. | first = Joseph A.
| title = The Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Essays on Zionism and the Palestinians | title = The Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Essays on Zionism and the Palestinians
| year = 2006 | year = 2006
| publisher = ] | publisher = ]
| location = ] | location = ]
| isbn = 0-415-77010-6 | isbn = 0-415-77010-6
}} }}
*{{cite book * {{cite book
| last = Massad | last = Massad
| first = Joseph A. | first = Joseph A.
| title = Desiring Arabs | title = Desiring Arabs
| url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780226509587
| date = June 15, 2007
| url-access = registration
| publisher = ]
| date = June 15, 2007
| location = ]
| publisher = ]
| location = ], IL
| isbn = 9780226509587
}} }}
* {{cite book
| last = Massad
| first = Joseph A.
| title = Islam in Liberalism
| date = January 1, 2015
| publisher = ]
| location = ], IL
}}


==References== ==References==

{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commonscat}}
*{{wikiquote-inline}}
*
* at '']''


{{Authority control}}
== External links ==
* at ]
*{{Worldcat id|lccn-n2001-55019}}
* at '']''
* at '']''
*{{JPosttopic|Joseph_Massad}}
*, ] reviews ''Desiring Arabs'' (2007)


<!-- Metadata: see ] -->
{{Persondata
|NAME= Massad, Joseph
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Massad, Joseph Andoni
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Associate Professor of Arab Studies
|DATE OF BIRTH= 1963
|PLACE OF BIRTH= Jordan
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Massad, Joseph}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Massad, Joseph}}
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Latest revision as of 14:28, 19 December 2024

Jordanian academic and professor (born 1963)

Joseph Massad
Joseph Massad speaks at the University of Chile in 2014
Born1963 (age 60–61)
Jordan
NationalityPalestinian
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma materUniversity of New Mexico (BA, MA)
Columbia University (PhD)
AwardsMESA Malcolm Kerr Dissertation Award 1998,
Lionel Trilling Book Award 2008,
Scott Nearing Award for Courageous Scholarship 2008
Scientific career
FieldsMiddle Eastern studies
InstitutionsColumbia University
Doctoral advisorLisa Anderson

Joseph Andoni Massad (Arabic: جوزيف مسعد; born 1963) is a Jordanian academic specializing in Middle Eastern studies, who serves as Professor of Modern Arab Politics and Intellectual History in the Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies at Columbia University. His academic work has focused on Palestinian, Jordanian, and Israeli nationalism.

Massad was born in Jordan in 1963 and is of Palestinian Christian descent. He received his Ph.D. in political science from Columbia University in 1998. He is known for his book Desiring Arabs, about representations of sexual desire in the Arab world.

Biography

Massad received his BA and his MA from the University of New Mexico. In 1998, he received his doctorate in political science from Columbia University, and in the fall of 1999 he started teaching at the same institution. There, his views on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and surrounding topics caused controversy. In 2009, he was awarded tenure at the university. The award was denounced by LionPAC, a pro-Israel advocacy group at Columbia. On 17 April 2024, Minouche Shafik, president of Columbia University, testifying before the United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce said that if it was up to her Massad would never have gotten tenure.

Colonial Effects (2001)

Massad's first book, Colonial Effects: The Making of National Identity in Jordan, was published in 2001 by Columbia University Press. The book is based on Massad's PhD dissertation, which won the Middle East Studies Association Malcolm Kerr Dissertation Award in 1998.

Over the course of a detailed history of the Jordanian state, from its inception in 1921 to 2000, he argues that state institutions are central to the fashioning of national identity. Massad focuses on institutions of law, the military, and education as key components of nationalism, and elaborates on the production not only of national identity but also of national culture including food, clothes, sports, accents, songs, and television serials.

Colonial Effects was critically praised both by several senior academics in Middle East Studies, including Edward Said who described the book as "a work of genuine brilliance," and by scholars of nationalism such as Partha Chatterjee, Amr Sabet, and Stephen Howe, the last of whom called the book "among the most sophisticated and impressive products" of recent studies in the field. The book was extensively reviewed in academic journals and, according to Betty Anderson, one of the book's reviewers, it has become staple reading on syllabi of nationalism and Middle East politics university courses across the United States and Europe.

John Chalcraft of the University of Edinburgh described Massad's analysis of the impact of colonial subjection on modern Jordanian nationalism as "a major contribution to the literature on Jordanian nationalism, anticolonial nationalism, and the wider field of postcolonial studies;" he also criticizes the paucity of information Massad offers on how "the mass of the population barely get a mention in Massad's account," fared in this history: he finds that in Massad's account "there is an impression that one, white, male, colonial subject is privileged with potency, whereas the agency of others is effaced. For the colonizer, one theory of the subject, for the colonized, another."

The Persistence of the Palestinian Question (2006)

The Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Essays on Zionism and the Palestinians, Massad's second book, was published in 2006 by Routledge.

The Persistence of the Palestinian Question analyzes Zionism and Palestinian nationalism from a variety of angles, including race, gender, culture, ethnicity, colonialism, antisemitism, and nationalist ideology. Massad's analysis of the discourse on terrorism in the introduction deals with the dynamics of power relations between Zionism and the Palestinians and traces the history of Zionist and Israeli violence which the British called "terrorism" in Palestine before 1948 and after, while his title chapter on the persistence of the Palestinian question argues that the Palestinian and the Jewish questions are one and the same and that "both questions can only be resolved by the negation of anti-Semitism, which still plagues much of Europe and America and which mobilizes Zionism's own hatred of Jewish Jews and of the Palestinians."

The book has received praise from scholars Ilan Pappé and Ella Shohat as well as from Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi. Shohat praised the book as a "timely and engaging volume" that "makes an invaluable contribution to the ongoing debate over Zionism and Palestine." Pappé saw the book as a "courageous intellectual exercise" and as "a thought provoking book that forces us to reverse our conventional images and perceptions about Palestine's history and future."

Massad's brilliant and scholarly work is profoundly illuminating not only for the history of Palestine and the discourses surrounding it, but for the history of Europe and the United States and, finally, as an account that raises compelling theoretical questions.

— Anne Norton

In his review in Nations and Nationalism, Israeli scholar Ephraim Nimni wrote:

like his intellectual mentor, Massad reminds us of a long and honourable tradition of Jewish Intellectuals who could only envisage the solution to the Jewish Question through universal emancipation. It seems that Massad, and the late Edward Said, are existential Diaspora Jews of the old kind ... The book is also fastidiously referenced, showing the erudition of the author and his command of the voluminous Israeli and Palestinian literature as well as the classics of Jewish history.

Desiring Arabs (2007)

Massad's third book, Desiring Arabs, was published in 2007 by the University of Chicago Press. Desiring Arabs won Columbia University's 2008 Lionel Trilling Book Award, awarded by a jury of students on the grounds that it "offers a probing study of representations of Arab sexuality" and is "an important and eloquent work of scholarship that the committee feels will have a lasting impact on the field."

Desiring Arabs is an intellectual history of the Arab world and its Western representations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book makes contributions to a number of academic and theoretical fields. It extends Said's study of Orientalism by analyzing the latter's impact on Arab intellectual production; it links Orientalism to definitions and representations of sex and desire and in doing so provides a colonial archive to the sexual question that has hitherto been missing; it approaches the literary as the limits of imagining the future; and puts forth the question of translation as a central problem in Euro-American studies of the other.

Massad argues that "Western male white-dominated" gay activists, under the umbrella of what he terms the "Gay International," have engaged in a "missionary" effort to impose the binary categories of heterosexual/homosexual into cultures where no such subjectivities exist, and that these activists in fact ultimately replicate in these cultures the very structures they challenge in their own home countries. Massad writes that

The categories gay and lesbian are not universal at all and can only be universalized by the epistemic, ethical, and political violence unleashed on the rest of the world by the very international human rights advocates whose aim is to defend the very people their intervention is creating.

Reviews

In her review of Desiring Arabs in the Arab Studies Journal, feminist scholar Marnia Lazreg, a professor of sociology at CUNY, wrote, "This truly monumental book is a corrective to Michel Foucault's History of Sexuality that inexplicably omitted the role played by the cultural effects of colonial systems on conceptions and constructions of sexuality ... is an epoch-making book". Khaled El-Rouayheb of Harvard University called the book "a pioneering work on a very timely yet frustratingly neglected topic. ... I know of no other study that can even begin to compare with the detail and scope of work."

Samia Mehrez, a professor of Arabic Literature at the American University in Cairo writes in the Journal of Gender Studies:

Desiring Arabs by Joseph Massad is an impressive project that ventures into uncharted territory and can be read as a complement to both Edward Said's Orientalism and Michel Foucault's work on sexuality. Like all of Massad's work, Desiring Arabs investigates the discursive and institutional continuum through which culture is 'invented' under both colonial rule through colonial practices that sought to reify racial and religious differences as well as through the cultural politics of the post-colonial nation state and its efforts to consolidate the nation, national identity, and national belonging.

Ferial Ghazoul in the Journal of Arabic Literature, writes:

Massad's interdisciplinary approach, dense prose, impeccable research, and above all the thought-provoking issues he raises make his book a scholarly landmark ... As a student of the late Edward W. Said and as Desiring Arabs was dedicated to Said ... , Massad has certainly learned the lessons of Said, his critical innovation, his scholarly meticulousness, and his virtuoso style.

While there has been a clear consensus on the book's significant scholarly contributions, some of the book's theses have been criticized by Rayyan Al-Shawaf, a freelance writer and reviewer living in Beirut, who concedes that Massad makes a few good points, but observes that "Massad's relativism – stemming from his accurate observation that 'homosexuality' is alien to Arab same-gender sexual traditions – is so extreme that he refuses to support a call for universal freedom of sexual identity." Al-Shawaf argues that,

In postulating the inevitability of (heterosexual) Arab violence wherever there is gay and lesbian assertiveness, Massad pre-emptively exonerates the perpetrators – whether individuals or the state – of any wrongdoing. However regrettable their behaviour, those Arabs who react violently to the gay rights campaign are not perceived by Massad as responsible for their actions, but as caught up in a broader struggle against 'imperialism', to which the gay rights movement is wedded.

Brian Whitaker criticized Massad for, in his view, repeating a common view of Arab nationalists and Islamists which essentially believes LGBT+ activism or identities are the result of a conspiracy by Western forces imposing themselves into Arab or Muslim societies. Massad ascribes this to Orientalist, colonial impulses, but Whitaker notes he cites no evidence of such motives, or a supposed excessive attention by what Massad calls the "Gay International" (LGBT+ rights groups) and human rights organizations on such societies. He is also critical of Massad seeming to present "the West" as a unified entity on such matters, ignoring opposition within Western countries toward LGBT+ acceptance or rights. Whitaker concludes Massad is blinded by his focus on these alleged forces which causes him to ascribe such pernicious influence as the cause of LGBT+ issues being raised in the Arab and Muslim world, rather than as the outgrowth of a wider social movement as a whole, following naturally from greater global communication. Massad is faulted as ignoring evidence of Arab and Muslim people adopting LGBT+ identities themselves, along with dismissing or downplaying repression they suffer from their governments.

Islam in Liberalism (2015)

Islam in Liberalism is Joseph Massad's fourth book, published by University of Chicago Press in 2015. An article published by the Los Angeles Review of Books states that the thesis of the book is that "American and European missionaries of liberalism are trying to proselytize Muslims – and the entire world writ large – to the only sane system of values that exists on the planet: those of Western liberalism". The book deals with the "instrumentalization of Islam in the West" and responds to critiques of his earlier book Desiring Arabs.

Political views

On antisemitism

Following arguments made by Edward Said in his 1978 book Orientalism, Massad asserts that 19th century European antisemitic characterizations of Jews have transformed in the present era to target Arabs while maintaining the same racialist characterizations. Thus, racism towards Arabs and Muslims today is a form of "Euro-American Christian anti-Semitism and ... Israeli Jewish anti-Semitism." Massad bases this belief on an understanding of antisemitism as a specific historical phenomenon originating in Europe, rather than simply as hatred of Jews; he writes: "the claims made by many nowadays that any manifestation of hatred against Jews in any geographic location on Earth and in any historical period is 'anti-Semitism' smack of a gross misunderstanding of the European history of anti-Semitism."

On Israel and Zionism

Massad believes that Israel is a racist Jewish state. He believes that Zionism is not only racist but antisemitic, and antisemitic not only towards Arab Palestinians but also towards Jews. Massad writes that after Europeans invented the racialist conception of the "Semite," the Zionist movement "adopted wholesale anti-Semitic ideologies," and describes Zionism as an "anti-Semitic project of destroying Jewish cultures and languages in the diaspora," which has ultimately led to "the transformation of the Jew into the anti-Semite, and the Palestinian into the Jew." Massad further accuses Zionists of unjustly "appropriating the fruit of the land that Palestinian peasants produced," and specifies the renaming of "Palestinian rural salad (now known in New York delis as Israeli salad)" as an example of Israeli racism.

Massad has spoken of genetic links being established between 19th-century European Jews and the ancient Israelite kingdom and the creation of a "Semitic" identity for Jews at that time as actually a European, racist construction designed to portray European Jews as foreigners. Massad considers claims to Israel made by the Zionist movement based on that connection to be problematic. In a debate with Israeli historian Benny Morris, Massad said:

The claim made by the Zionists, and by Professor Morris, that late nineteenth-century European Jews are direct descendants of the ancient Palestinian Hebrews is what is preposterous here. This kind of anti-Semitic claim that European Jews were not European that was propagated by the racist and biological discourses on the nineteenth century, that they somehow descend from first-century Hebrews, despite the fact that they look like other Europeans, that they speak European languages, is what is absurd.

On the United States

Massad was especially critical of "rabidly pro-Israeli American President Obama."

Massad views U.S. culture as deeply infected with racism and misogyny, tying the Abner Louima case to torture in Abu Ghraib, and arguing that in Iraq, "American male sexual prowess, usually reserved for American women, put to military use in imperial conquests", with "Iraqis ... posited.. as women and feminised men to be penetrated by the missiles and bombs ejected from American warplanes." Massad concludes that "the content of the word 'freedom' that American politicians and propagandists want to impose on the rest of the world is nothing more and nothing less than America's violent domination, racism, torture, sexual humiliation, and the rest of it."

Massad has also criticized Arab intellectuals who "defend the racist and barbaric policies" of the United States, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank in the Arab world.

On the Palestinian Authority and Hamas

Massad refers to the Palestinian Authority (PA) as the "Palestinian Collaborationist Authority", calls Mahmoud Abbas the "chief Palestinian collaborator", and accuses the PA of collaborating with Israel and the United States to crush Palestinian resistance. In October 2023, Massad wrote an essay in Electronic Intifada on the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel in which he praised the attacks as "awesome", "astounding", and "incredible" and that they were a "stunning victory". This essay was characterized by the Jerusalem Post, Business Insider, the Anti-Defamation League, and The New Arab as supporting the attacks, and led to a petition to Columbia to remove him from his post that was signed by over 50,000 people. He was defended by the Middle East Studies Association. In a hearing before the The House Committee on Education and the Workforce in April 2024, the president of Columbia University said that Massad was "spoken to" regarding this essay but that he was not disciplined.

Columbia Unbecoming

Main article: Columbia Unbecoming controversy

Massad was the center of the Columbia Unbecoming controversy. In fall 2004, a pro-Israel campus organization produced a film, Columbia Unbecoming, interviewing students who claimed that he and other Columbia professors had intimidated or been unfair to them for their pro-Israel views. This led to the appointment of a committee by the university to investigate the complaints. In response to the film, United States Representative Anthony Weiner called on Columbia to fire Massad for what Weiner characterized as "anti-Semitic rantings."

The committee concluded its work in spring 2005, dismissed most of the allegations against Massad and the other professors, writing in its report that it had "no basis for believing that Professor Massad systematically suppressed dissenting views in his classroom" and stated that they "found no evidence of any statements made by the faculty that could reasonably be construed as anti-semitic." The committee found it "credible" that Massad was angered by a question in class from a student that he understood to be defending Israel's conduct toward Palestinians and that his response "exceeded commonly accepted bounds by conveying that her question merited harsh public criticism", but it also described an environment of incivility, with pro-Israel students disrupting lectures on Middle Eastern studies. Critics described the committee's findings as a whitewash.

Massad too criticized the findings, writing that it "suffer from major logical flaws, undefended conclusions, inconsistencies, and clear bias in favor of the witch-hunt that has targeted me for over three years". Massad continued to deny the one allegation that the report found "credible." Two students beside his accuser said that they witnessed the incident, but a teaching assistant said on WNYC in April 2005 that she was present and that Massad did not angrily criticize the student in question; after the release of the report, 20 students signed a letter stating that they were in class on the day of the alleged incident, and that the incident had never happened.

In an editorial discussing the case one week after the release of the Committee report, the New York Times noted that, while it believed Massad had been guilty of inappropriate behavior, it found the controversy overblown and professors such as Massad themselves victimized:

There is no evidence that anyone's grade suffered for challenging the pro-Palestinian views of any teacher or that any professors made anti-Semitic statements. The professors who were targeted have legitimate complaints themselves. Their classes were infiltrated by hecklers and surreptitious monitors, and they received hate mail and death threats.

Ankori threat of libel suit

A review by Massad of the book Palestinian Art, written by Israeli art history professor Gannit Ankori, was threatened by a libel suit in Britain. In the review, Massad accused Ankori of illegitimately appropriating the work of Kamal Boullata, a Palestinian artist and art historian, a charge which Ankori viewed as defamatory.

The review appeared in Art Journal, a publication of the College Art Association of America (CAA). To avoid a libel suit, the CAA agreed to issue an apology to Ankori, to pay her $75,000, and to send a letter to its institutional subscribers, stating that the Massad review "contained factual errors and certain unfounded assertions." Massad acknowledged "minor errors", but not libel, and accused the CAA of cowardice. CAA executive director Linda Downs told The Forward that, while "there were mistakes" in the review, the journal agreed to pay only because it could not afford to fight out the case.

Books

References

  1. ^ Whitaker, Brian. "Distorting desire". al-bab.com. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  2. Saul, Stephanie (17 April 2024). "Who Are the Columbia Professors Mentioned in the House Hearing?". The New York Times.
  3. ^ "Joseph Massad". Columbia University. Archived from the original on 13 September 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2006.
  4. "Joseph Massad". MESSAS. Columbia University. 28 September 2018.
  5. "MASSAD, JOSEPH". passia.org. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  6. ^ Kirschenbaum, Kim (28 August 2009). "Massad tenured earlier in summer, sources say". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  7. "Joseph Massad: Statement Before Columbia Committee". History News Network. 14 March 2005. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  8. Goldberg, Michelle (18 April 2024). "Republicans Wanted a Crackdown on Israel's Critics. Columbia Obliged". The New York Times.
  9. Massad, Joseph A. (15 October 2001). Colonial Effects. Columbia University Press. ISBN 023112323X.
  10. Colonial Effects: Reviews. Columbia University Press. September 2001. ISBN 978-0-231-50570-3. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  11. Anderson, Betty (Fall 2002). "The Duality of National Identity in the Middle East: A Critical Review". Middle East Critique. 11 (2): 229–250. doi:10.1080/1066992022000007835.
  12. Chalcraft, John T (27 April 2006). "Colonial Effects (Review)". web.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 22 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  13. ^ "The Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Critics' Reviews". Routledge. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  14. Nimni, Ephraim (April 2008). "The Persistence of the Palestinian Question: Essays on Zionism and the Palestinians by Joseph Massad". Nations and Nationalism. 14 (2): 420–422. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8129.2008.00347_13.x.
  15. Astor, Maggie (29 April 2008). "Profs. Massad, Nathan Receive Trilling, Van Doren Awards". Columbia Daily Spectator. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
  16. Lazreg, Marnia (2007). "Desiring Arabs (Review)". Arab Studies Journal. 15/16 (2/1). JSTOR 27934041.
  17. El-Rouayheb, Khaled (Winter 2007). "Massad, Desiring Arabs (Review)". Middle East Report. No. 245. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
  18. "Book Reviews". Journal of Gender Studies. 18 (1): 77–79. March 2009. doi:10.1080/09589230802586613.
  19. Ghazoul, Ferial J. (2008). "Reviewed work: Desiring Arabs, Joseph A. Massad". Journal of Arabic Literature. 39 (3): 424–427. doi:10.1163/157006408X377200. JSTOR 25597988.
  20. ^ Al-Shawaf, Rayyan (Spring 2008). "Desiring Arabs". Democratiya. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
  21. Provitola, Anna; Steinmetz-Jenkins, Daniel. "Why Liberalism Needs Islam". LA Review of Books. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  22. ^ Massad, Joseph (9–15 December 2004). "Semites and anti-Semites, that is the question". Al-Ahram Weekly. No. 720. Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  23. ^ Massad, Joseph (February 2003). "The legacy of Jean-Paul Sartre". Al-Ahram Weekly. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2006.
  24. Massad, Joseph (2005). "The Persistence of the Palestinian Question". In Aretxaga, Begoña (ed.). Empire & Terror: Nationalism/postnationalism in the New Millennium. University of Nevada, Reno Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada Press. p. 63.
  25. "Lecture Hop: Right to be Racist edition". The Bwog. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007.
  26. Massad, Joseph, quoted in Whitehead, Andrew (Spring 2002). "History on the Line, 'No Common Ground': Joseph Massad and Benny Morris Discuss the Middle East". History Workshop Journal. 53 (1): 214–215. doi:10.1093/hwj/53.1.205. JSTOR 4289780.
  27. Massad, Joseph (20 January 2009). "Israel's right to defend itself". Electronic Intifada. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  28. Massad, Joseph (May 2004). "Imperial mementos". Al-Ahram Weekly. Archived from the original on 16 December 2007. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
  29. Massad, Joseph (April 1998). "Book Review: Not so secret gardens". Al-Ahram Weekly. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
  30. Massad, Joseph (4 January 2009). "The Gaza Ghetto Uprising". Electronic Intifada. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  31. "Columbia professor praises Hamas attacks on civilians". Jerusalem Post. 13 October 2023.
  32. Spirlet, Thibault (16 October 2023). "A Columbia professor called Hamas terror attacks 'awesome' and 'astounding' in an article. A petition for his removal has passed 34,000 signatures". Business Insider.
  33. "Columbia Uni urged to defend Joseph Massad amid pro-Israel pressure, death threats". The New Arab. 22 October 2023.
  34. "Some U.S. Professors Praise Hamas's October 7 Terror Attacks". ADL. 8 November 2023.
  35. Buchwald, Elisabeth (18 April 2024). "Professor who Columbia president said was 'spoken to' for calling Hamas invasion 'astounding' says he wasn't disciplined | CNN Business". CNN. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  36. Gershman, Jacob (22 October 2004). "Rep. Weiner Asks Columbia to Fire Anti-Israel Prof". New York Sun. Archived from the original on 23 October 2004. Retrieved 25 December 2007.
  37. ^ "Ad Hoc Grievance Committee Report". Columbia University. 28 March 2005. Archived from the original on 31 January 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  38. "What's going on ..." The Washington Times. 16 April 2005. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  39. SCHWARTZ, RICHARD (4 April 2005). "COLUMBIA'S BLIND SPOT DILUTED FINDINGS ON ANTI-SEMITISM COME FROM DELUDED PANEL". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  40. Hentoff, Nat (8 April 2005). "Columbia Whitewashes Itself: A committee of insiders, some with conflicts of interest, clears the university". The Village Voice.
  41. Arenson, Karen (31 March 2005). "Columbia Panel Clears Professors Of Anti-Semitism". New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  42. "Editorial: Intimidation at Columbia". The New York Times. 7 April 2005.
  43. ^ Goldberg, J. J. (10 July 2008). "Neutrals, Caught in the Crossfire". The Forward. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  44. Howard, Jennifer (18 June 2008). "Scholarly Association Settles 'Libel Tourism' Case" – via The Chronicle of Higher Education.
  45. ^ "Art Association Paid $75,000 to Avoid Libel Lawsuit". 22 June 2008 – via The Chronicle of Higher Education.
  46. Perelman, Marc (20 June 2008). "Art Journal Pays Israeli Scholar $75K After Libel Lawsuit Threat". The Forward.

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