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{{More citations needed|date=April 2016}} {{More citations needed|date=April 2016}}
{{politics of the United States}} {{politics of the United States}}
] print showing the first African American U.S. Senator and Representatives: Sen. ] (R-MS), Rep. ] (R-AL), ] (R-SC), ] (R-FL), ] (R-GA), ] and ] (R-SC), 1872]] ] print showing the first Black U.S. Senator and Representatives: Sen. ] (R-MS), Rep. ] (R-AL), ] (R-SC), ] (R-FL), ] (R-GA), ] and ] (R-SC), 1872]]
The following is a '''list of African-American Republicans''', past and present. This list is limited to black Americans who have worked in a direct, professional capacity in politics. The following is a '''list of Black Republicans''', past and present. This list is limited to Black Americans who have worked in a direct, professional capacity in politics.
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==PLEASE READ BEFORE ADDING ENTRIES== ==PLEASE READ BEFORE ADDING ENTRIES==
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==A== ==A==
* ] (1813-1887), Republican State Representative from ], 1872-1874. * ] (1813–1887), Republican State Representative from ], 1872–1874.
* ] (1826–1902), Republican State Representative from ], 1874–1875, vice-president of Republican State Convention 1876 * ] (1826–1902), Republican State Representative from ], 1874–1875, vice-president of Republican State Convention 1876
* ] (1954–2013), author, Republican member of the Nebraska State Central Committee * ] (1954–2013), author, Republican member of the Nebraska State Central Committee
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] is the first black Republican elected to the Arizona Legislature.]] ] is the first black Republican elected to the Arizona Legislature.]]
] was the first African American popularly elected to the United States Senate. ] was the first black U.S. senator; however, he was elected to office by a legislature.]] ] was the first African American popularly elected to the United States Senate. ] was the first black U.S. senator; however, he was elected to office by a legislature.]]
* ] (1918–2001), singer, appointed "America's Ambassador of Love" by ]. * ] (1918–1990), singer, appointed "America's Ambassador of Love" by ].
* ] (1862–1923), first female delegate at the ] Convention in Kentucky * ] (1862–1923), first female delegate at the ] Convention in Kentucky
* ] (1857–1921), medical doctor, sociologist, political leader, one of the first persons of African descent to receive a medical doctor degree in the United States, founder of Republican Party of Puerto Rico * ] (1857–1921), medical doctor, sociologist, political leader, one of the first persons of African descent to receive a medical doctor degree in the United States, founder of Republican Party of Puerto Rico
* ] (1948–2012), ] * ] (1948–2012), ]
* ], (1858-1905), Journalist, civil rights activist * ], (1858–1905), Journalist, civil rights activist
* ], (1852 -1936), Journalist, lawyer, first African-American assistant State Attorney * ], (1852 -1936), Journalist, lawyer, first African-American assistant State Attorney
* ], (1834-1932), Member, Nebraska House of Representatives (1926-1928) * ], (1834–1932), Member, Nebraska House of Representatives (1926–1928)
* ] (born 1971), unsuccessful Republican candidate for U.S. House of Representatives, Pennsylvania 5th District 2020, unsuccessful candidate for Republican nomination for United States Senator from Pennsylvania 2022. * ] (born 1971), unsuccessful Republican candidate for U.S. House of Representatives, Pennsylvania 5th District 2020, unsuccessful candidate for Republican nomination for United States Senator from Pennsylvania 2022.
* ] (1857–1920), member of the ] * ] (1857–1920), member of the ]
* ] (b. 1953/1954), former Deputy Director for Demand Reduction at the ] * ] (b. 1953/1954), former deputy director for Demand Reduction at the ]
* ] (born 1961), pastor, member of ] 2015–2017 * ] (born 1961), pastor, member of ] 2015–2017
* ] (1819–?), member of the ] * ] (1819–?), member of the ]
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* ] (born 1959), Lieutenant Governor of Florida<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Representatives/details.aspx?MemberId=4331&SessionId=28 |title=Florida House of Representatives – Jennifer Carroll – 2014 – 2016 ( Speaker Crisafulli ) |website=Myfloridahouse.gov |access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref> * ] (born 1959), Lieutenant Governor of Florida<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Representatives/details.aspx?MemberId=4331&SessionId=28 |title=Florida House of Representatives – Jennifer Carroll – 2014 – 2016 ( Speaker Crisafulli ) |website=Myfloridahouse.gov |access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref>
* ] (born 1951), political commentator, pediatric neurosurgeon, 2016 presidential candidate, and ] under President ] (2017&ndash;2021) * ] (born 1951), political commentator, pediatric neurosurgeon, 2016 presidential candidate, and ] under President ] (2017&ndash;2021)
* ] (1899-1970), first African American assistant district attorney in New York state. Known for her role in prosecuting "Lucky" Luciano. * ] (1899–1970), first African American assistant district attorney in New York state. Known for her role in prosecuting "Lucky" Luciano.
* ] (born 1978), member of the ] * ] (born 1978), member of the ]
* ] (1936–1999), basketball player, supported ] for president in 1968 and 1972, accompanied Nixon to funeral of ] * ] (1936–1999), basketball player, supported ] for president in 1968 and 1972, accompanied Nixon to funeral of ]
* ] (b. 1961/1962), ] Commissioner * ] (b. 1961/1962), ] Commissioner
* ] (born 1969), adviser to Vice-President ]<ref name="Speakers">{{cite web|url=http://www.leadingauthorities.com/24262/Christie_Ron_detail.htm|title=Leading Authorities Speakers Ron Christie|website=Leadingauthorities.com|access-date=February 25, 2010}}</ref> * ] (born 1969), adviser to Vice-president ]<ref name="Speakers">{{cite web|url=http://www.leadingauthorities.com/24262/Christie_Ron_detail.htm|title=Leading Authorities Speakers Ron Christie|website=Leadingauthorities.com|access-date=February 25, 2010}}</ref>
* ] (1839–1871), civil rights activist and African American baseball pioneer * ] (1839–1871), civil rights activist and African American baseball pioneer
* ] (1852–1904), legislator (1883–1886), Massachusetts House of Representatives<ref>''The African-American Electorate'', 1st ed., by Walton, Hanes Jr., ], Sherman Puckett. Publisher: The Congressional Quarterly, USA. June 2012.</ref> * ] (1852–1904), legislator (1883–1886), Massachusetts House of Representatives<ref>''The African-American Electorate'', 1st ed., by Walton, Hanes Jr., ], Sherman Puckett. Publisher: The Congressional Quarterly, USA. June 2012.</ref>
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==F== ==F==
* ] (1920–1999), civil rights leader
* ] (born 1957), pastor, ] for the ], a 2010 nominee for ] * ] (born 1957), pastor, ] for the ], a 2010 nominee for ]
* ] (1894–1965), first female African-American state legislator in the United States * ] (1894–1965), first female African-American state legislator in the United States
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* ] (born 1947), ] woman for North Carolina * ] (born 1947), ] woman for North Carolina
* ] (1924–2005), official in the administrations of Presidents Nixon, Ford, Reagan, and George H.W. Bush; considered the "father of ]" * ] (1924–2005), official in the administrations of Presidents Nixon, Ford, Reagan, and George H.W. Bush; considered the "father of ]"
* ] (1858-1928), orator, author, publisher, civil rights activist, Customs Inspector, Eastern District of Delaware (1874) * ] (1858–1928), orator, author, publisher, civil rights activist, Customs Inspector, Eastern District of Delaware (1874)
* ] (1938-2018), teacher, political activist, 1986 Republican nominee for 48th District of the ]. She later ran for other offices on the tickets of other parties. * ] (1938–2018), teacher, political activist, 1986 Republican nominee for 48th District of the ]. She later ran for other offices on the tickets of other parties.
* ] (born 1953), U.S. Representative from Connecticut * ] (born 1953), U.S. Representative from Connecticut
* ] (born 1961), former U.S. ] * ] (born 1961), former U.S. ]
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* ] (born 1974), member of the ] * ] (born 1974), member of the ]
* ] (born 1981), U.S. Representative from Michigan and candidate for the U.S. Senate from Michigan in 2018 and 2020 * ] (born 1981), U.S. Representative from Michigan and candidate for the U.S. Senate from Michigan in 2018 and 2020
* ] (born 1949), director for the ] 2001–2005, president of ] (2018-2021), ] nominee * ] (born 1949), director for the ] 2001–2005, president of ] (2018–2021), ] nominee
* ] (1927–2010), first African-American woman to graduate from ]; ] movement leader; Republican candidate for U.S. House and U.S. Senate * ] (1927–2010), first African-American woman to graduate from ]; ] movement leader; Republican candidate for U.S. House and U.S. Senate
* ] (born 1963), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas * ] (born 1963), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas
* ] (1860–1944), member of the ] * ] (1860–1944), member of the ]
* ] (born 1963), ] * ] (born 1975), mayor of ] since 2019 (switched from the Democratic Party in 2023)
* ] (born 1963), ]er
* ] (1870–1925), attorney and politician, head of the ] in Georgia * ] (1870–1925), attorney and politician, head of the ] in Georgia
* ] (1871–1944), first Black manager of the ], president of the Colored Republican Club * ] (1871–1944), first Black manager of the ], president of the Colored Republican Club
* ] (1834–1895), member of the ] * ] (1834–1895), member of the ]
* ] (1863–1943), Arkansas delegate to the ] * ] (1863–1943), Arkansas delegate to the ]
* ] (1816-1886), member of the ] (1868 - 1870). * ] (1816–1886), member of the ] (1868 - 1870).
* ] (born 1960), member of the ] 1993 to 2001 and since 2017. Originally a Democrat, he switched to Republican in January 2021. * ] (born 1960), member of the ] 1993 to 2001 and since 2017. Originally a Democrat, he switched to Republican in January 2021.
* ], (born 1952), GOP nominee for Lt. Governor of Virginia in 2013, President of STAND and CETF, Marine Corps Veteran, and graduate of Harvard Law School * ], (born 1952), GOP nominee for Lt. Governor of Virginia in 2013, President of STAND and CETF, Marine Corps Veteran, and graduate of Harvard Law School
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==K== ==K==
], former member of the Georgia House of Representatives]] ], former member of the Georgia House of Representatives]]
* ] (born 1985 or 1986), nominee in the ] and Chair of the ] (2023–2024)
* ] (born 1950), diplomat, media personality and nominee for the U.S. Senate in Maryland and Illinois * ] (born 1950), diplomat, media personality and nominee for the U.S. Senate in Maryland and Illinois
* ] (born 1951), minister, political activist, author, niece of ] * ] (born 1951), minister, political activist, author, niece of ]
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* ] (1836–1901), U.S. Representative from Georgia * ] (1836–1901), U.S. Representative from Georgia
* ] (1899–1972) Nashville lawyer, member of the ] from 1951 to 1971 * ] (1899–1972) Nashville lawyer, member of the ] from 1951 to 1971
* ] (born 1979), Chairman for the ] Young Republicans and Mississippi College Republicans * ] (born 1979), chairman for the ] Young Republicans and Mississippi College Republicans
* ], businessman, and executive director of National Diversity Coalition for ]'s 2016 presidential campaign * ], businessman, and executive director of National Diversity Coalition for ]'s 2016 presidential campaign
* ] (1868–1949), ] * ] (1868–1949), ]
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* ] (1899–1980) first African-American judge in ] * ] (1899–1980) first African-American judge in ]
* ] (1849–1938), U.S. Representative from South Carolina * ] (1849–1938), U.S. Representative from South Carolina
* ] (1883-1968), active in Republican politics in ] until 1932, when he switched to Democrat and represented Illinois In the United States House of Representatives (1935-1943). * ] (1883–1968), active in Republican politics in ] until 1932, when he switched to Democrat and represented Illinois In the United States House of Representatives (1935–1943).
* ] (1829 - 1912), member of the Massachusetts State Legislature (1866 - 1867) * ] (1829 - 1912), member of the Massachusetts State Legislature (1866 - 1867)
* ] (1844–?), member of the ] * ] (1844–?), member of the ]
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==O== ==O==
* ] (1844–1905), congressman from North Carolina * ] (1844–1905), congressman from North Carolina
* ] (1835-1902), abolitionist, civil rights activist, civil servant, politician, candidate for Nebraska Legislature 1880, 1882, 1890 * ] (1835–1902), abolitionist, civil rights activist, civil servant, politician, candidate for Nebraska Legislature 1880, 1882, 1890
* ] (born 1951) U.S. Congressman (Utah, district 4) and former NFL player * ] (born 1951) U.S. Congressman (Utah, district 4) and former NFL player
* ] (born 1989), political commentator * ] (born 1989), political commentator
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* ], political commentator * ], political commentator
* ] (1858–1917), member of the ] * ] (1858–1917), member of the ]
* ] (1860-1937), Member Illinois House of Representatives (1918-1922), Member, Illinois Senate (1924 - 1934) * ] (1860–1937), Member Illinois House of Representatives (1918–1922), Member, Illinois Senate (1924 - 1934)
* ] (1879–1952), first African-American in the ] * ] (1879–1952), first African-American in the ]
* ] Meshack Roberts was elected to the State Legislature of Texas from the 5th District in 1873 and for two later terms, the last from the 10th District. * ] Meshack Roberts was elected to the State Legislature of Texas from the 5th District in 1873 and for two later terms, the last from the 10th District.
* Jack E. Robinson III (1960–2017), party nominee for U.S. House, U.S. Senate, and Secretary of the Commonwealth in Massachusetts * Jack E. Robinson III (1960–2017), party nominee for U.S. House, U.S. Senate, and Secretary of the Commonwealth in Massachusetts
* ] (born 1968), Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina since 2021 * ] (born 1968), Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina since 2021
* ], Second Lady of North Carolina since 2021 * ] (born 1968), Second Lady of North Carolina since 2021
* ] (1964–2013), Lieutenant Governor of Colorado, youngest Lieutenant Governor in Colorado history * ] (1964–2013), Lieutenant Governor of Colorado, youngest Lieutenant Governor in Colorado history
* ] (born 1946), Mayor of ], former Missouri state rep * ] (born 1946), Mayor of ], former Missouri state rep
* ] (1919–1972), baseball player (changed parties after ]). * ] (1919–1972), baseball player (changed parties after ]).
* ] (1966-2003), guidance counselor, first African-American woman candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States 2000. * ] (1966–2003), guidance counselor, first African-American woman candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States 2000.
* ] (1841–1882), member of the ] * ] (1841–1882), member of the ]
* ] (1834–1886), attorney, judge, Massachusetts state legislator, and Boston city councilman * ] (1834–1886), attorney, judge, Massachusetts state legislator, and Boston city councilman
* ] (born 1957), Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, 2015–2023 * ] (born 1957), Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, 2015–2023



==S== ==S==
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* ] (born 1964), Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, 2004 Congressional Candidate. * ] (born 1964), Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, 2004 Congressional Candidate.
* ] (born 1975), former Communications Director for ] Rep. ] in the ] (2006–2013) and current ] Political Commentator (2014–present) * ] (born 1975), former Communications Director for ] Rep. ] in the ] (2006–2013) and current ] Political Commentator (2014–present)
* ] (1923-1983), served in the ] (1964-1965) * ] (1923–1983), served in the ] (1964–1965)
* ] (born 1978), Former speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives * ] (born 1978), Former speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
* ] (born 1840's), member of South Carolina legislature during ]. * ] (born 1840's), member of South Carolina legislature during ].
* ] (1881–1951), journalist, orator, and political activist * ] (1881–1951), journalist, orator, and political activist
* ], chief of the ] (2019-2020) and candidate for ] in 2022 (switched from the Democratic Party in 2021)
* ], (1895-1970), Member, ] (1926-1928), afterward became a Democrat * ], (1895–1970), Member, ] (1926–1928), afterward became a Democrat
* ], (1859-1930), Justice of the Peace, 8th Ward, Omaha, Nebraska (1895), Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention 1892 * ], (1859–1930), Justice of the Peace, 8th Ward, Omaha, Nebraska (1895), Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention 1892
* ] (1839–1915), U.S. Representative from South Carolina * ] (1839–1915), U.S. Representative from South Carolina
* ] (1820–1906), abolitionist and Massachusetts state representative * ] (1820–1906), abolitionist and Massachusetts state representative
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* ] (1863 - 1954), Member, ] ] (1895 - 1906), she was President of the Women's Republican League during Warren G. Harding's 1920 presidential campaign, she was a charter member of the ] * ] (1863 - 1954), Member, ] ] (1895 - 1906), she was President of the Women's Republican League during Warren G. Harding's 1920 presidential campaign, she was a charter member of the ]
* ] (1857 - 1925), in 1902, he was appointed ] for Washington, D.C., in 1911, he was appointed to the Municipal Court of Washington, D.C. * ] (1857 - 1925), in 1902, he was appointed ] for Washington, D.C., in 1911, he was appointed to the Municipal Court of Washington, D.C.
* ] (born 1969), former member of the ]
* ] (born 1948), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court * ] (born 1948), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
* ] (1847 - 1899), member, Illinois House of Representatives 2nd District (1877 - 1879), 3rd District (1882 - 1886) * ] (1847 - 1899), member, Illinois House of Representatives 2nd District (1877 - 1879), 3rd District (1882 - 1886)
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==V== ==V==
* ] (born 1985), member of the ]
* ] (1877–1941), ] under President ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spencer.lib.ku.edu/exhibits/dreams/bishop_william_t.htm |title=Online Exhibitions &#124; Kenneth Spencer Research Library |website=Spencer.lib.ku.edu |access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref> * ] (1877–1941), ] under President ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spencer.lib.ku.edu/exhibits/dreams/bishop_william_t.htm |title=Online Exhibitions &#124; Kenneth Spencer Research Library |website=Spencer.lib.ku.edu |access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref>
* ] (born 1986), singer, songwriter, actress, YouTuber, has expressed an interest in running for Congress as a ] * ] (born 1986), singer, songwriter, actress, YouTuber, has expressed an interest in running for Congress as a ]
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* ] (born 1964), a current member of the ] * ] (born 1964), a current member of the ]
* ] (1837 - 1892), member of the Arkansas House of Representatives and Arkansas Senate in the late 1860s. * ] (1837 - 1892), member of the Arkansas House of Representatives and Arkansas Senate in the late 1860s.
* ] (born 1991), basketball player and republican nominee in the ]
* ] served in the Arkansas Senate (1873 - 1874) * ] served in the Arkansas Senate (1873 - 1874)
* ] (1894–1959), former Assistant Secretary of Labor under President Eisenhower<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9ny4Elgxp0C&q=ernest+wilkins+eisenhower&pg=PA222 |title=A Matter of Justice: Eisenhower and the Beginning of the Civil Rights Revolution |author=David A. Nichols |page=222 |date= 2007-09-04|publisher=Simon and Schuster |access-date=2016-04-28|isbn=9781416545545 }}</ref> * ] (1894–1959), former Assistant Secretary of Labor under President Eisenhower<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9ny4Elgxp0C&q=ernest+wilkins+eisenhower&pg=PA222 |title=A Matter of Justice: Eisenhower and the Beginning of the Civil Rights Revolution |author=David A. Nichols |page=222 |date= 2007-09-04|publisher=Simon and Schuster |access-date=2016-04-28|isbn=9781416545545 }}</ref>
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* ] (1861–1939), Boston civil rights activist * ] (1861–1939), Boston civil rights activist
* ] (born 1981), member of the ] (2017–present)<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Lockyer|first1=Ellen|title=Wilson upsets Gattis for state Senate seat|url=http://www.alaskapublic.org/2016/08/18/wilson-upsets-gattis-for-state-senate-seat|access-date=August 18, 2016|agency=]|date=August 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hollander|first1=Zaz|title=Wasilla councilman poised to become first African-American senator from Mat-Su<!--This is the headline that appeared in the physical newspaper; for whatever reason, the online version has carried different headlines, a clue of which can be seen in the URL title-->|url=http://www.adn.com/politics/2016/09/27/wasilla-councilor-poised-to-become-first-african-american-senator-from-mat-su|access-date=September 29, 2016|newspaper=]|date=September 28, 2016|page=A1}}</ref> * ] (born 1981), member of the ] (2017–present)<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Lockyer|first1=Ellen|title=Wilson upsets Gattis for state Senate seat|url=http://www.alaskapublic.org/2016/08/18/wilson-upsets-gattis-for-state-senate-seat|access-date=August 18, 2016|agency=]|date=August 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hollander|first1=Zaz|title=Wasilla councilman poised to become first African-American senator from Mat-Su<!--This is the headline that appeared in the physical newspaper; for whatever reason, the online version has carried different headlines, a clue of which can be seen in the URL title-->|url=http://www.adn.com/politics/2016/09/27/wasilla-councilor-poised-to-become-first-african-american-senator-from-mat-su|access-date=September 29, 2016|newspaper=]|date=September 28, 2016|page=A1}}</ref>
* ] member of the Georgia House of Representatives (1882-1885) * ] member of the Georgia House of Representatives (1882–1885)
* ] (1937–2019), member of the ] * ] (1937–2019), member of the ]
* ] (1840–1885), state senator from South Carolina, first African-American state supreme court justice * ] (1840–1885), state senator from South Carolina, first African-American state supreme court justice
* ], ] (2023-present) * ], ] (2023–present)
* ] (1933–2021), mayor of ] (1995–2007) * ] (1933–2021), mayor of ] (1995–2007)


Latest revision as of 17:47, 19 December 2024

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "List of African-American Republicans" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This article is part of a series on the
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1872 Currier and Ives print showing the first Black U.S. Senator and Representatives: Sen. Hiram Revels (R-MS), Rep. Benjamin S. Turner (R-AL), Robert DeLarge (R-SC), Josiah Walls (R-FL), Jefferson Long (R-GA), Joseph Rainey and Robert B. Elliott (R-SC), 1872

The following is a list of Black Republicans, past and present. This list is limited to Black Americans who have worked in a direct, professional capacity in politics.

Contents: 

A

B

Walter Blackman is the first black Republican elected to the Arizona Legislature.
Edward Brooke was the first African American popularly elected to the United States Senate. Hiram Revels was the first black U.S. senator; however, he was elected to office by a legislature.

C

Herman Cain
Ben Carson

D

Frederick Douglass

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

Alveda King, former member of the Georgia House of Representatives

L

M

Angela McGlowan

N

O

  • James E. O'Hara (1844–1905), congressman from North Carolina
  • Edwin R. Overall (1835–1902), abolitionist, civil rights activist, civil servant, politician, candidate for Nebraska Legislature 1880, 1882, 1890
  • Burgess Owens (born 1951) U.S. Congressman (Utah, district 4) and former NFL player
  • Candace Owens (born 1989), political commentator
  • Jesse Owens (1913–1980), athlete

P

Colin Powell, 65th Secretary of State

R

Condoleezza Rice, 66th Secretary of State

S

Michael Steele, 64th Chairman of the Republican National Committee

T

Clarence Thomas, Associate Supreme Court Justice

U

V

W

Allen West, former Congressman from Florida's 22nd District

Y

  • James H. Young (1860–1921), politician
  • William F. Yardley (1844–1924), anti-segregation advocate, first African American candidate for governor of Tennessee (1876)

See also

References

  1. Agboola, Adedamola (February 21, 2018). "Trump Administration Appoints Its First Minority Director to the Small Business Administration". Black Enterprise.
  2. Alaska Legislature Roster of Members 1913–2014 (PDF). Juneau: Alaska Legislative Affairs Agency. 2014. pp. 49, 97.
  3. Mitchell, Elaine B., ed. (1973). Alaska Blue Book (First ed.). Juneau: Alaska Department of Education, Division of State Libraries. p. 84.
  4. "Selwyn George Carrol (obituary)". Hampton County Guardian. Hampton. December 29, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  5. "Florida House of Representatives – Jennifer Carroll – 2014 – 2016 ( Speaker Crisafulli )". Myfloridahouse.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  6. "Leading Authorities Speakers Ron Christie". Leadingauthorities.com. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  7. The African-American Electorate, 1st ed., by Walton, Hanes Jr., Donald R. Deskins Jr., Sherman Puckett. Publisher: The Congressional Quarterly, USA. June 2012.
  8. Joan Potter (2002). African American Firsts: Famous Little-Known and Unsung Triumphs of Blacks ... Dafina Books. p. 141. ISBN 9780758202437. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  9. "William T. Coleman, Jr". Archived from the original on January 22, 2009. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
  10. "Coleman: A Choice Cabinet Choice - TIME". Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
  11. Illescas, Carlos (June 7, 2016). "For Ryan Frazier, a political future tied to the GOP U.S. Senate race". The Denver Post. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  12. Alaska Legislature Roster of Members 1913-2014, pp. 61–67, 99
  13. Eppenbach, Sarah; Foster, Scott, eds. (1983). Alaska Blue Book (Sixth ed.). Juneau: Alaska Department of Education, Division of State Libraries. p. 85.
  14. "Pio Pico: The Last Governor of Mexican California", Dr Carlos Salomon 2010
  15. Peter J. Boyer (2008-10-06). "The Appalachian Problem". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  16. "Online Exhibitions | Kenneth Spencer Research Library". Spencer.lib.ku.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  17. David A. Nichols (2007-09-04). A Matter of Justice: Eisenhower and the Beginning of the Civil Rights Revolution. Simon and Schuster. p. 222. ISBN 9781416545545. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  18. Lockyer, Ellen (August 18, 2016). "Wilson upsets Gattis for state Senate seat". Alaska Public Media. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  19. Hollander, Zaz (September 28, 2016). "Wasilla councilman poised to become first African-American senator from Mat-Su". Alaska Dispatch News. p. A1. Retrieved September 29, 2016.

Further reading

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