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{{Short description|Hypothesized dimension for paraphilias}}
'''Erotic target location error''' (ETLE) is having a ] or strong sexual interest in features that are somewhere other than on one's sexual partners.<ref name = Lawrence2009>{{cite pmid | 19308843 }}</ref>
{{protection padlock|reason=Disruptive editing|small=yes}}
'''Erotic target location error''' ('''ETLE''') is a ] dimension for ]s, defined by having a sexual preference or strong sexual interest in features that are somewhere other than on one's sexual partners.<ref name = Lawrence2009>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Lawrence | first1 = A. A.
| title = Erotic Target Location Errors: An Underappreciated Paraphilic Dimension
| doi = 10.1080/00224490902747727
| journal = Journal of Sex Research
| volume = 46
| issue = 2–3
| pages = 194–215
| year = 2009
| pmid = 19308843
| s2cid = 10105602
}}</ref> When one's sexual arousal is based on imagining oneself in another physical form (such as an animal, an infant, or an amputee) the erotic target is said to be one's self, or '''erotic target identity inversion''' ('''ETII''').<ref name = Blanchard>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Freund K
| last2 = Blanchard R
| title = Erotic target location errors in male gender dysphorics, paedophiles, and fetishists
| journal = ]
| volume = 162
| issue = 4
| pages = 558–563
| year = 1993
| pmid = 8481752
| doi=10.1192/bjp.162.4.558
| s2cid = 24239209
| author2-link = Ray Blanchard
}}</ref>


The terms "erotic target location error" and "erotic target identity inversion" were first used in 1993 by the sexologist ].<ref name =Blanchard/>
When one's sexual arousal is based on imagining oneself in another physical form (such as an animal, an infant, or an amputee) the erotic target is said to be one's self, or erotic target identity inversion.<ref name = Blanchard>{{cite pmid | 8481752}}</ref>


== Proposed types ==
The terms "erotic target location error" and "erotic target identity inversion" were first used in 1993 by ] ].<ref name =Blanchard/>
The sexologist ] describes as examples of erotic target identity inversions males or trans women who experience sexual arousal in response to imagining themselves as women ('']''), as well as at least one case of anatomic ].<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Lawrence | first1 = A.
| title = Anatomic autoandrophilia in an adult male
| journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior
| volume = 38
| issue = 6
| pages = 1050–1056
| year = 2009
| pmid = 19093196
| doi = 10.1007/s10508-008-9446-6
| s2cid = 23509954
}}</ref>


Blanchard writes that whereas '']'' refers to the sexual preference for women, autogynephilia refers to a male's sexual interest in being a woman. He states that autogynephilia can be associated with ] and ], discontent with one's sex and the desire to undergo ] and permanently take on a role and life of the other sex.<ref>{{Cite journal
== Types ==
| last1 = Blanchard | first1 = R.
The best known examples of erotic target identity inversions are biological males who experience sexual arousal in response to imaging themselves as women (called ]), but at least one case of anatomic ] has also been reported.<ref>{{cite pmid | 19093196 }}</ref> Whereas ] refers to the sexual preference for women, autogynephilia refers to a male's sexual interest in being a woman. Autogynephilia can be associated with ] and ], discontent with one's biological sex and the desire to undergo ] and permanently take on a role and life of the other sex.<ref>{{cite pmid | 8494491}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid | 2794988}}</ref> A male with sexual arousal based on temporarily taking on the appearance or role of a woman is ].
| title = Varieties of autogynephilia and their relationship to gender dysphoria
| journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior
| volume = 22
| issue = 3
| pages = 241–251
| year = 1993
| pmid = 8494491
| doi=10.1007/bf01541769
| s2cid = 4677060
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Blanchard | first1 = R.
| title = The concept of autogynephilia and the typology of male gender dysphoria
| journal = The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
| volume = 177
| issue = 10
| pages = 616–623
| year = 1989
| pmid = 2794988
| doi=10.1097/00005053-198910000-00004
}}</ref> A male with sexual arousal based on temporarily taking on the appearance or role of a woman is ].


Several other sexual interests also exist in an ETLE forms: Several other sexual interests also exist in ETLE forms:


Whereas ] refers to the sexual preference for amputees, ] refers to sexual arousal in association with having an amputation.<ref>{{cite doi | 10.1007/s12152-008-9026-4 }}</ref> although both can be experienced at the same time.<ref>{{cite pmid | 22139385}}</ref> Apotemnophilia can be associated with the strong belief or desire that one's external body is mismatched to one's true nature,<ref>{{ cite doi | 10.1080/00224497709550967}} </ref> a phenomenon called ],<ref name = Smith2004/> and the desire to undergo ]. People who temporarily adopt the role or identity of an amputee have been called ]s.<ref name = Smith2004>{{cite doi | 10.1383/psyt.3.8.27.43394 }}</ref> Whereas ] refers to the sexual preference for amputees, ] refers to sexual arousal in association with having an amputation,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ryan | first1 = C. J. | doi = 10.1007/s12152-008-9026-4 | title = Out on a Limb: The Ethical Management of Body Integrity Identity Disorder | journal = Neuroethics | volume = 2 | pages = 21–33 | year = 2008 | s2cid = 56364554 }}</ref> although both can be experienced at the same time.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Preester | first1 = H.
| doi = 10.1007/s11019-011-9367-3
| title = Merleau-Ponty's sexual schema and the sexual component of body integrity identity disorder
| journal = Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy
| year = 2011
| pmid = 22139385
| volume=16
| issue = 2
| pages=171–184
| s2cid = 144072976
}}</ref> Apotemnophilia can be associated with the strong belief or desire that one's external body is mismatched to one's true nature,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Money | first1 = J. | last2 = Jobaris | first2 = R. | last3 = Furth | first3 = G. | doi = 10.1080/00224497709550967 | title = Apotemnophilia: Two cases of self-demand amputation as a paraphilia | journal = Journal of Sex Research | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 115–125 | year = 1977 }}</ref> a phenomenon called ],<ref name = Smith2004/> and the desire to undergo ]. People who temporarily adopt the role or identity of an amputee have been called ]s.<ref name = Smith2004>{{Cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = R. C. | title = Amputee identity disorder and related paraphilias | doi = 10.1383/psyt.3.8.27.43394 | journal = Psychiatry | volume = 3 | issue = 8 | pages = 27–30 | year = 2004 }}</ref>


{{anchor|Autozoophilia}} {{anchor|Autozoophilia}}
Whereas ] refers to the sexual preference for animals, ] refers to sexual arousal in association with being an animal. Autozoophilia can be associated with the feeling or belief that one is less than 100% human or that one is an animal trapped in a human body, a phenomenon called ].<ref>{{cite pmid | 18157625}}</ref><ref name=Gerbasi2008>{{cite doi | 10.1163/156853008X323376 }}</ref> Whereas ] refers to the sexual preference for animals, ] refers to sexual arousal in association with being an animal.


{{anchor|Fursuitism}} {{anchor|Fursuitism}}
The sexual attraction to plush animals is termed ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuddle time|url=http://archive.salon.com/sex/feature/2000/06/19/plushies/|date=2000-06-19|accessdate=2008-02-21|author=Hill, D.|work=Salon.com}}</ref> Anne Lawrence has proposed the terms '']'' for the sexual attraction to being or changing one's body to have plush features, and ''fursuitism'' for sexual arousal from wearing a ] to temporarily resemble an anthropomorphic animal.<ref name = Lawrence2009/> The sexual attraction to plush animals is termed ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hill |first1=Dave |title=Cuddle time |url=https://www.salon.com/2000/06/19/plushies/ |work=Salon |date=19 June 2000 }}</ref> Anne Lawrence has proposed the terms '']'' for the sexual attraction to being or changing one's body to have plush features, and ''fursuitism'' for sexual arousal from wearing a ] to temporarily resemble an anthropomorphic animal.<ref name = Lawrence2009/>


Whereas ] refers to the sexual preference for children, ] refers to the sexual interest in being a child.<ref>{{cite book | last = Cantor | first = JM | coauthors = Blanchard R; Barbaree HE | year = 2009 | chapter = Sexual disorders | editors = Blaney PH & Millon T | title = Oxford textbook of psychopathology | edition = 2 | pages = | location = New York | publisher = ] }}</ref> Whereas ] refers to the sexual preference for children, ] refers to the sexual interest in being a child.<ref>{{cite book | last = Cantor | first = JM |author2=Blanchard R |author3=Barbaree HE | year = 2009 | chapter = Sexual disorders |editor= Blaney PH |editor2=Millon T | title = Oxford textbook of psychopathology | edition = 2 | pages = | location = New York | publisher = ] }}</ref>


The parallels between gender identity disorder and apotemnophilia have been noted,<ref>{{cite pmid | 16799838 }}</ref><ref name = Smith2004/> as have the similarities between gender identity disorder and species identity disorder.<ref name=Gerbasi2008/> Lawrence and others have posited parallels between gender identity disorder and apotemnophilia,<ref name = Smith2004/><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Lawrence | first1 = A. A.

| title = Clinical and Theoretical Parallels Between Desire for Limb Amputation and Gender Identity Disorder
== Sexuality in subcultures ==
| doi = 10.1007/s10508-006-9026-6
There are many subcultures of people who are interested in transforming themselves to various degrees and interacting in their new role or identity. Such interactions can include sexual interactions with other members of the community. There is debate in these communities regarding whether their desire to transform is based on their sexual interests in the new form or based on ].<ref>{{cite news | last = Winterman | first = D | title = What are the furries? | publisher = ] | accessdate = 2012-08-07 | date = 2009-11-13 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8355287.stm }}</ref>
| journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior
| volume = 35
| issue = 3
| pages = 263–278
| year = 2006
| pmid = 16799838
| citeseerx = 10.1.1.368.6837
| s2cid = 17528273
}}</ref> as well as between gender identity disorder and species identity disorder.<ref name="Gerbasi2008">{{Cite journal|last1=Gerbasi|first1=K.|last2=Conway|first2=S.|last3=Paolone|first3=N.|last4=Privitera|first4=A.|last5=Scaletta|first5=L.|last6=Higner|first6=J.|last7=Bernstein|first7=P.|year=2008|title=Furries from a to Z (Anthropomorphism to Zoomorphism)|journal=Society & Animals|volume=16|issue=3|pages=197–222|doi=10.1163/156853008X323376}}</ref>


== Criticism == == Criticism ==
In a letter to the editor of '']'' in 2009, San Francisco-based physician and activist ] criticized Lawrence' endorsement of the concept of ETLEs.<ref name = MoserResponse>{{Cite journal
In a letter to the editor of ''],'' San Francisco-based physician and activist ] criticized Lawrence' endorsement of the concept of ETLEs.<ref name = MoserResponse>{{cite pmid|19787535}}</ref> He noted that "there is is nothing wrong with creating or expanding a classification system of sexual interests" but believed that Lawrence "pathologizes nonstandard sexual expression" and that "ETLEs are a ]," whereas Moser's view is that all sexual phenomena should be removed from the ]. Lawrence responded that "Moser's critiques of the paraphilias rely on fallacious reasoning" and that "most of his other criticism...results from his having ignored or misinterpreted my statements, either inadvertently or for rhetorical purposes." She indicated that "Moser correctly observed that such an unwarranted generalization would lead to ludicrous conclusions; but these would be wholly attributable to Moser's ludicrous misinterpretation of what I actually wrote."<ref>Lawrence, A. A. (2009). Erotic Target Location Errors are easy to mischaracterize: A reply to Moser. ''The Journal of Sex Research, 46,'' 385-386.</ref>
| last1 = Moser | first1 = C.
| title = A Response to Lawrence's (2009)Erotic Target Location Errors
| doi = 10.1080/00224490903230053
| journal = Journal of Sex Research
| volume = 46
| issue = 5
| pages = 383–384; author 384 385–384
| year = 2009
| pmid = 19787535
| s2cid = 205442235
}}</ref> He noted that "there is nothing wrong with creating or expanding a classification system of sexual interests" but believed that Lawrence "] nonstandard sexual expression" and that "ETLEs are a ]," whereas Moser's view is that all sexual phenomena should be removed from the ].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lawrence | first1 = A. A. | year = 2009 | title = Erotic Target Location Errors are easy to mischaracterize: A reply to Moser | journal = The Journal of Sex Research | volume = 46 | issue = 5| pages = 385–386 | doi=10.1080/00224490903230061| s2cid = 146150251 }}</ref>


== References == == References ==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


{{Paraphilia}}
{{Sexual identities}}
{{paraphilia}}


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Latest revision as of 23:18, 19 December 2024

Hypothesized dimension for paraphilias

Erotic target location error (ETLE) is a hypothesized dimension for paraphilias, defined by having a sexual preference or strong sexual interest in features that are somewhere other than on one's sexual partners. When one's sexual arousal is based on imagining oneself in another physical form (such as an animal, an infant, or an amputee) the erotic target is said to be one's self, or erotic target identity inversion (ETII).

The terms "erotic target location error" and "erotic target identity inversion" were first used in 1993 by the sexologist Ray Blanchard.

Proposed types

The sexologist Anne Lawrence describes as examples of erotic target identity inversions males or trans women who experience sexual arousal in response to imagining themselves as women (autogynephilia), as well as at least one case of anatomic autoandrophilia.

Blanchard writes that whereas gynephilia refers to the sexual preference for women, autogynephilia refers to a male's sexual interest in being a woman. He states that autogynephilia can be associated with gender dysphoria and gender identity disorder, discontent with one's sex and the desire to undergo surgery for sex reassignment and permanently take on a role and life of the other sex. A male with sexual arousal based on temporarily taking on the appearance or role of a woman is transvestic fetishism.

Several other sexual interests also exist in ETLE forms:

Whereas acrotomophilia refers to the sexual preference for amputees, apotemnophilia refers to sexual arousal in association with having an amputation, although both can be experienced at the same time. Apotemnophilia can be associated with the strong belief or desire that one's external body is mismatched to one's true nature, a phenomenon called body integrity identity disorder, and the desire to undergo surgery to remove a limb. People who temporarily adopt the role or identity of an amputee have been called disability pretenders.

Whereas zoophilia refers to the sexual preference for animals, autozoophilia refers to sexual arousal in association with being an animal.

The sexual attraction to plush animals is termed plushophilia. Anne Lawrence has proposed the terms autoplushophilia for the sexual attraction to being or changing one's body to have plush features, and fursuitism for sexual arousal from wearing a fursuit to temporarily resemble an anthropomorphic animal.

Whereas pedophilia refers to the sexual preference for children, paraphilic infantilism refers to the sexual interest in being a child.

Lawrence and others have posited parallels between gender identity disorder and apotemnophilia, as well as between gender identity disorder and species identity disorder.

Criticism

In a letter to the editor of The Journal of Sex Research in 2009, San Francisco-based physician and activist Charles Allen Moser criticized Lawrence' endorsement of the concept of ETLEs. He noted that "there is nothing wrong with creating or expanding a classification system of sexual interests" but believed that Lawrence "pathologizes nonstandard sexual expression" and that "ETLEs are a slippery slope," whereas Moser's view is that all sexual phenomena should be removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).

References

  1. ^ Lawrence, A. A. (2009). "Erotic Target Location Errors: An Underappreciated Paraphilic Dimension". Journal of Sex Research. 46 (2–3): 194–215. doi:10.1080/00224490902747727. PMID 19308843. S2CID 10105602.
  2. ^ Freund K; Blanchard R (1993). "Erotic target location errors in male gender dysphorics, paedophiles, and fetishists". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 162 (4): 558–563. doi:10.1192/bjp.162.4.558. PMID 8481752. S2CID 24239209.
  3. Lawrence, A. (2009). "Anatomic autoandrophilia in an adult male". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 38 (6): 1050–1056. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9446-6. PMID 19093196. S2CID 23509954.
  4. Blanchard, R. (1993). "Varieties of autogynephilia and their relationship to gender dysphoria". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 22 (3): 241–251. doi:10.1007/bf01541769. PMID 8494491. S2CID 4677060.
  5. Blanchard, R. (1989). "The concept of autogynephilia and the typology of male gender dysphoria". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 177 (10): 616–623. doi:10.1097/00005053-198910000-00004. PMID 2794988.
  6. Ryan, C. J. (2008). "Out on a Limb: The Ethical Management of Body Integrity Identity Disorder". Neuroethics. 2: 21–33. doi:10.1007/s12152-008-9026-4. S2CID 56364554.
  7. Preester, H. (2011). "Merleau-Ponty's sexual schema and the sexual component of body integrity identity disorder". Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy. 16 (2): 171–184. doi:10.1007/s11019-011-9367-3. PMID 22139385. S2CID 144072976.
  8. Money, J.; Jobaris, R.; Furth, G. (1977). "Apotemnophilia: Two cases of self-demand amputation as a paraphilia". Journal of Sex Research. 13 (2): 115–125. doi:10.1080/00224497709550967.
  9. ^ Smith, R. C. (2004). "Amputee identity disorder and related paraphilias". Psychiatry. 3 (8): 27–30. doi:10.1383/psyt.3.8.27.43394.
  10. Hill, Dave (19 June 2000). "Cuddle time". Salon.
  11. Cantor, JM; Blanchard R; Barbaree HE (2009). "Sexual disorders". In Blaney PH; Millon T (eds.). Oxford textbook of psychopathology (2 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 531.
  12. Lawrence, A. A. (2006). "Clinical and Theoretical Parallels Between Desire for Limb Amputation and Gender Identity Disorder". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 35 (3): 263–278. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.368.6837. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9026-6. PMID 16799838. S2CID 17528273.
  13. Gerbasi, K.; Conway, S.; Paolone, N.; Privitera, A.; Scaletta, L.; Higner, J.; Bernstein, P. (2008). "Furries from a to Z (Anthropomorphism to Zoomorphism)". Society & Animals. 16 (3): 197–222. doi:10.1163/156853008X323376.
  14. Moser, C. (2009). "A Response to Lawrence's (2009)Erotic Target Location Errors". Journal of Sex Research. 46 (5): 383–384, author 384 385–384. doi:10.1080/00224490903230053. PMID 19787535. S2CID 205442235.
  15. Lawrence, A. A. (2009). "Erotic Target Location Errors are easy to mischaracterize: A reply to Moser". The Journal of Sex Research. 46 (5): 385–386. doi:10.1080/00224490903230061. S2CID 146150251.
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