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{{Expand Dutch|Venloos|date=October 2020}} {{Expand Dutch|topic=cult|Venloos|date=October 2020}}
{{Expand Limburgish|Venloos|date=October 2020}}{{Short description|Dialect of Limburgish in the Netherlands}} {{Expand Limburgish|Venloos|date=October 2020}}{{Short description|Dialect of Limburgish in the Netherlands}}
{{Infobox language {{Infobox language
|name = Venlo dialect |name = Venlo dialect
|nativename = {{lang|li|Venloos}} |nativename = {{lang|li|Venloos}}
|pronunciation = {{IPA-li|ˈvɛnloːs|}} |pronunciation = {{IPA|li|ˈvɛnloːs|}}
|states = ] |states = ]
|region = ] |region = ]
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|fam2 = ] |fam2 = ]
|fam3 = ] |fam3 = ]
|fam4 = ] |fam4 = ]
|fam5 = ] |fam5 = ]
|fam6 = ] |fam6 = ]
|fam7 = ]
|isoexception = dialect |isoexception = dialect
|glotto = none |glotto = none
}} }}


'''Venlo dialect''' (] and {{lang-li|Venloos}}) is the ] and a variant of ] spoken in the ] city of ] alongside the ] (with which it is not mutually intelligible). It belongs to ], which is a group of transitional dialects between ] and ] spoken in the northern part of ]. That group of dialects is also known by its Dutch name '']'' ("Mich area", based on the usage of {{lang|li|mich}} {{IPA|/ˈmɪx/}} instead of the Brabantian {{lang|nl|mij}} {{IPA|/ˈmɛj/}} as the accusative form of {{lang|li|ik}} 'I'). '''Venlo dialect''' (] and {{langx|li|Venloos}}) is the ] and a variant of ] spoken in the ] city of ] alongside the ] (with which it is not mutually intelligible). It belongs to a group of transitional dialects between ] and ] spoken in the northern part of ]. That group of dialects is also known by its Dutch name '']'' ("Mich area", based on the usage of {{lang|li|mich}} {{IPA|/ˈmex/}} instead of the Brabantian {{lang|nl|mij}} {{IPA|/ˈmɛj/}} as the accusative form of {{lang|li|ik}} 'I').


==Phonology== ==Phonology==
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin:aut" {| class="wikitable" style="margin:aut"
|+Vowel phonemes{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|p=36}} |+Vowel phonemes{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|p=36}}
! rowspan="3" | ! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ] ! colspan="4" | ]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ] ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ]
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! {{small|long}} ! {{small|long}}
|- align="center" |- align="center"
! ] ! colspan="2" | ]
| {{IPA link|i}} {{angbr|ie}} | {{IPA link|i}} {{angbr|ie}}
| {{IPA link|iː}} {{angbr|iê}} | {{IPA link|iː}} {{angbr|iê}}
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| {{IPA link|uː}} {{angbr|oê}} | {{IPA link|uː}} {{angbr|oê}}
|- align="center" |- align="center"
! ] ! colspan="2" | ]
| {{IPA link|ɪ}} {{angbr|i}} | {{IPA link|e}} {{angbr|i}}
| {{IPA link|eː}} {{angbr|ee}} | {{IPA link|eː}} {{angbr|ee}}
| {{IPA link|ɵ|ʏ}} {{angbr|u}} | {{IPA link|ɵ|ø}} {{angbr|u}}
| {{IPA link|øː}} {{angbr|eu}} | {{IPA link|øː}} {{angbr|eu}}
| rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ə}} {{angbr|e}} | rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ə}} {{angbr|e}}
| |
| {{IPA link|ʊ}} {{angbr|ó}} | {{IPA link|o}} {{angbr|ó}}
| {{IPA link|ʊ|oː}} {{angbr|oo}} | {{IPA link|o̝|oː}} {{angbr|oo}}
|- align=center |- align=center
! ] ! colspan="2" | ]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{angbr|e}} | {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{angbr|e}}
| {{IPA link|ɛː}} {{angbr|ae}} | {{IPA link|ɛː}} {{angbr|ae}}
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| {{IPA link|ɒː}} {{angbr|ao}} | {{IPA link|ɒː}} {{angbr|ao}}
|- align="center" |- align="center"
! ] ! colspan="2" | ]
| |
| |
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| {{IPA link|ɑ}} {{angbr|a}} | {{IPA link|ɑ}} {{angbr|a}}
| |
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" | ]s
! {{small|closing}}
| colspan="8" | {{IPA|ɛj   œj   ɔw}}
|- align="center"
! {{small|centering}}
| colspan="8" | {{IPA|iə   yə   uə}}
|} |}


* {{IPA|/ə/}} is restricted to unstressed syllables. * {{IPA|/ə/}} is restricted to unstressed syllables.
* {{IPA|/oː/}} is near-close {{IPAblink|ʊ|o̝ː}}.{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|p=32}} * {{IPA|/oː/}} is near-close {{IPAblink|ʊ|o̝ː}}.{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|p=32}}
* {{IPA|/ɛ/}} is the only "short open E" sound in the dialect. The phonetically open {{IPAblink|æ}} does not have a phonemic status, and it is unclear whether it even appears as an allophone of {{IPA|/ɛ/}}. * {{IPA|/ɛ/}} is the only "short open E" sound in the dialect. The phonetically open {{IPAblink|æ}} does not have a phonemic status.
* {{IPA|/ɒ, ɒː/}} are phonetically open but phonologically open-mid, the back counterparts of {{IPA|/œ, œː/}}. * {{IPA|/ɒ, ɒː/}} are phonetically open but phonologically open-mid, the back counterparts of {{IPA|/œ, œː/}}.
* {{IPA|/aː/}} is somewhat 'laxer' {{IPAblink|ɐː}} than in Standard Dutch.{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|p=39}} As in most other dialects, it is the phonological long counterpart of {{IPA|/ɑ/}}. * {{IPA|/aː/}} is somewhat 'laxer' {{IPAblink|ɐː}} than in Standard Dutch.{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|p=39}} As in most other dialects, it is the phonological long counterpart of {{IPA|/ɑ/}}.
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===Pitch accent=== ===Pitch accent===
{{Main|Pitch-accent language#Franconian dialects}} {{Main|Pitch-accent language#Franconian dialects}}
As many other Limburgish dialects, the Venlo dialect features a contrastive ], with minimal pairs such {{lang|li|speule}} {{IPA|/ˈspøːlə/}} 'to rinse' vs. {{lang|li|speule}} {{IPA|/ˈspǿːlə/}} 'to play' and {{lang|li|bein}} {{IPA|/ˈbɛɪn/}} 'legs' vs. {{lang|li|bein}} {{IPA|/ˈbɛ́ɪn/}} 'leg', with the first word in each pair featuring Accent 1 (left unmarked) and the second word Accent 2 (transcribed as a high tone).{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|pp=137–141}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|van der Vliet|1999|pp=101–105}} As many other Limburgish dialects, the Venlo dialect features a contrastive ], with minimal pairs such {{lang|li|speule}} {{IPA|/ˈspøːlə/}} 'to rinse' vs. {{lang|li|speule}} {{IPA|/ˈspǿːlə/}} 'to play' and {{lang|li|bein}} {{IPA|/ˈbɛjn/}} 'legs' vs. {{lang|li|bein}} {{IPA|/ˈbɛ́jn/}} 'leg', with the first word in each pair featuring Accent 1 (left unmarked) and the second word Accent 2 (transcribed as a high tone).{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|pp=137–141}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|van der Vliet|1999|pp=101–105}}


==Bibliography== ==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}} {{refbegin}}
*{{citation *{{citation
|last=Gussenhoven |last1=Gussenhoven
|first=Carlos |first1=Carlos
|last2=van der Vliet |last2=van der Vliet
|first2=Peter |first2=Peter
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|pages=99–135 |pages=99–135
|doi=10.1017/S0022226798007324 |doi=10.1017/S0022226798007324
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251996999_The_phonology_of_tone_and_intonation_in_the_Dutch_dialect_of_Venlo |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251996999
}} }}
* {{citation * {{citation
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Venlo Dialect}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Venlo Dialect}}
] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 07:07, 20 December 2024

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Dialect of Limburgish in the Netherlands
Venlo dialect
Venloos
Pronunciation[ˈvɛnloːs]
Native toNetherlands
RegionVenlo
Language familyIndo-European
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone

Venlo dialect (Dutch and Limburgish: Venloos) is the city dialect and a variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Venlo alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). It belongs to a group of transitional dialects between Kleverlandish and East Limburgish spoken in the northern part of Netherlands Limburg. That group of dialects is also known by its Dutch name Mich-kwartier ("Mich area", based on the usage of mich /ˈmex/ instead of the Brabantian mij /ˈmɛj/ as the accusative form of ik 'I').

Phonology

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long
Close i ⟨ie⟩ iː ⟨iê⟩ y ⟨uu⟩ yː ⟨uû⟩ u ⟨oe⟩ uː ⟨oê⟩
Close-mid e ⟨i⟩ eː ⟨ee⟩ ø ⟨u⟩ øː ⟨eu⟩ ə ⟨e⟩ o ⟨ó⟩ oː ⟨oo⟩
Open-mid ɛ ⟨e⟩ ɛː ⟨ae⟩ œ ⟨ö⟩ œː ⟨äö⟩ ɒ ⟨o⟩ ɒː ⟨ao⟩
Open aː ⟨aa⟩ ɑ ⟨a⟩
Diphthongs closing ɛj   œj   ɔw
centering iə   yə   uə
  • /ə/ is restricted to unstressed syllables.
  • /oː/ is near-close [o̝ː].
  • /ɛ/ is the only "short open E" sound in the dialect. The phonetically open [æ] does not have a phonemic status.
  • /ɒ, ɒː/ are phonetically open but phonologically open-mid, the back counterparts of /œ, œː/.
  • /aː/ is somewhat 'laxer' [ɐː] than in Standard Dutch. As in most other dialects, it is the phonological long counterpart of /ɑ/.

Pitch accent

Main article: Pitch-accent language § Franconian dialects

As many other Limburgish dialects, the Venlo dialect features a contrastive pitch accent, with minimal pairs such speule /ˈspøːlə/ 'to rinse' vs. speule /ˈspǿːlə/ 'to play' and bein /ˈbɛjn/ 'legs' vs. bein /ˈbɛ́jn/ 'leg', with the first word in each pair featuring Accent 1 (left unmarked) and the second word Accent 2 (transcribed as a high tone).

Bibliography

References

  1. Peeters (1951), p. 36.
  2. Peeters (1951), p. 32.
  3. Peeters (1951), p. 39.
  4. Peeters (1951), pp. 137–141.
  5. Gussenhoven & van der Vliet (1999), pp. 101–105.
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