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{{see also|Tekin|Tigin}} {{Short description|Turkic title}}{{see also|Tekin}}
{{Royal and noble ranks in Iran, Turkey, Caucasus, the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan}}

] ruler. Shahi Tegin 728 CE.<ref>Ancient Coin Collecting VI: Non-Classical Cultures, by Wayne G. Sayles </ref>]] ] ruler. Shahi Tegin 728 CE.<ref>Ancient Coin Collecting VI: Non-Classical Cultures, by Wayne G. Sayles </ref>]]

], a commander of the ].]]
'''Tegin''' (aka '''tigin''', '''tiğin''', ]: ''teqin, tiin'' {{zh|c=特勤}}, erroneously ''tèlè'' {{zh|c=鐵勒|labels=no}}<ref>Sanping Chen, "Son of Heaven and Son of God: Interactions among Ancient Asiatic Cultures regarding Sacral Kingship and Theophoric Names", ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Nov., 2002)'', p. 296: Writing 勒 instead of 勤 is a common script error in current editions of almost all dynastic histories</ref> ) is a ] title, commonly attachable to the names of the junior members of the ] family.<ref>Taskin V.S. ''"Materials on history of Dunhu group nomadic tribes"'', Moscow, 1984, p. 432</ref> However, ] cast doubts on the Turkic provenance by pointing to the non-Turkic plural form ''tegit''.<ref>{{Citation | first = L | last = Ligeti | title = Researches in Altaic languages | editor-first = A | editor-last = Kiadó | year = 1975 | publisher = University of Michigan | page = 48}}</ref> '''Tegin''' ({{langx|otk|𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤|tegin}}, also '''tigin''', ] *''dək-gɨn'' > ]: ''Tèqín''; {{zh|c=特勤}}, erroneously ''Tèlè'' {{zh|c=特勒|labels=no}}<ref>Sanping Chen, "Son of Heaven and Son of God: Interactions among Ancient Asiatic Cultures regarding Sacral Kingship and Theophoric Names", ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Nov., 2002)'', p. 296: Writing 勒 instead of 勤 is a common script error in current editions of almost all dynastic histories</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/34589694|title=The Khüis Tolgoi inscription - signs and sounds|first=Dieter |last=Maue|website=Academia.edu|accessdate=4 November 2018}} p. 13-14 </ref>) is a ] title, commonly attachable to the names of the junior members of the ]'s family.<ref>'']'' vol 194 upper "可汗者，猶古之單于； 其子弟謂之特 (ms. 特勒)" Tr. "the Kehan, in the past, was called Chanyu: His sons and younger brothers are called Te (ms. Tele)"(in Chinese)</ref><ref>'']'' Vol. 215 upper (in Chinese) "至吐門，遂強大，更號可汗，猶單於也， 子弟曰特 (ms. 特勒)" tr. "Till ], has achieved strength and greatness and is now called Kehan, formerly Chanyu, sons and younger brothers are called Te (ms. Tele)</ref><ref>Taskin V. S. ''"Materials on history of Dunhu group nomadic tribes"'', Moscow, 1984, p. 432</ref> However, ] cast doubts on the Turkic provenance by pointing to the non-Turkic plural form ''tegit.''<ref>{{Citation | first = L | last = Ligeti | title = Researches in Altaic languages | editor-first = A | editor-last = Kiadó | year = 1975 | publisher = University of Michigan | page = 48}}</ref> According to ], tegin means 'servant, slave' ({{lang|tr|], ]}}).<ref>{{TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi|https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/tegin#:~:text=Baz%C4%B1%20T%C3%BCrk%20devletlerinde%20h%C3%BCk%C3%BCmdar%20soyundan%20gelen%20erkek%20%C3%A7ocuklara%20verilen%20unvan.&text=K%C3%A2%C5%9Fgarl%C4%B1%20Mahmud%20tegin%20(tigin%2C%20tekin,I%2C%20355%2C%20413)|title=TEGİN Bazı Türk devletlerinde hükümdar soyundan gelen erkek çocuklara verilen unvan.|author=Ömer Soner Hunkan}}</ref>


==History== ==History==
History records many people carrying the title Tegin, from those noted incidentally to those heading their own states. The best known are ] ({{zh|c=闕特勤|p=Queteqin|labels=no}}, erroneously {{zh|c=闕特勒|p=Quētèlè|labels=no}}<ref>Sanping Chen, "Son of Heaven and Son of God: Interactions among Ancient Asiatic Cultures regarding Sacral Kingship and Theophoric Names", ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Nov., 2002)'', p. 296, note on misspelling</ref>), noted for the stele in his memory in the ]; ], founder of the ] state, which grew into the ]; ] and ], both instrumental in the creation of the ]. The Chinese '']'' states that the ] emperor of the ] state was from a ruling clan of the neighboring Tegin state. <ref>Zuev Yu.A. ''"The strongest tribe Esgil"'' //Materials of International Round Table, Almaty, 2004, p.44, {{ISBN|9965-699-14-3}}</ref> With time, the title ''tegin'' became a popular personal name, and now perseveres both as personal and family name, predominantly in the South Asia and Middle East areas. History records many people carrying the title Tegin.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Golden |first=Peter B. |title=Some Comments on the Türk Titles, in Particular Tėgin |journal=Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi |volume=26 |date=2021–2023 |pages=13–16 |isbn=978-3-447-18132-7 |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksTh0AEACAAJ}}</ref> The best known is ] ({{zh|c=闕特勤|p=Queteqin|labels=no}}, erroneously {{zh|c=闕特勒|p=Quētèlè|labels=no}}<ref>Sanping Chen, "Son of Heaven and Son of God: Interactions among Ancient Asiatic Cultures regarding Sacral Kingship and Theophoric Names", ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Nov., 2002)'', p. 296, note on misspelling</ref>), noted for the stele in his memory in the ]. Some Tegins founded and headed their own states. ], founder of the ] state, which grew into the ]; ] and ], both instrumental in the creation of the ]. The Chinese '']'' states that the ] emperor of the ] state was from a ruling clan of the neighboring Tegin state.<ref>Zuev Yu. A. ''"The strongest tribe Esgil"'' //Materials of International Round Table, Almaty, 2004, p.44, {{ISBN|9965-699-14-3}}</ref> With time, the title ''tegin'' became a popular personal name and now perseveres both as personal and family name, predominantly in the South Asia and Middle East areas. The Hungarian name Tétény, in old Hungarian Tühütüm likely descends from the title Tegin.

==Notable Tigins== ==Notable tegins==
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==References== ==References==
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Latest revision as of 13:54, 20 December 2024

Turkic titleSee also: Tekin
Part of a series on
Imperial, royal, noble, gentry and chivalric ranks in West, Central, South Asia and North Africa
Possible Hephthalite ruler. Shahi Tegin 728 CE.

Tegin (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤, romanized: tegin, also tigin, MC *dək-gɨn > Pinyin: Tèqín; Chinese: 特勤, erroneously Tèlè 特勒) is a Turkic title, commonly attachable to the names of the junior members of the Khagan's family. However, Ligeti cast doubts on the Turkic provenance by pointing to the non-Turkic plural form tegit. According to Mahmud al-Kashgari, tegin means 'servant, slave' (kul, köle).

History

History records many people carrying the title Tegin. The best known is Kül Tigin (闕特勤; Queteqin, erroneously 闕特勒; Quētèlè), noted for the stele in his memory in the Orkhon inscriptions. Some Tegins founded and headed their own states. Alp-Tegin, founder of the Ghazni state, which grew into the Ghaznavid Empire; Arslan Tegin and Bughra Tegin, both instrumental in the creation of the Kara-Khanid Kaganate. The Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties states that the Hephthalite emperor of the Gandhara state was from a ruling clan of the neighboring Tegin state. With time, the title tegin became a popular personal name and now perseveres both as personal and family name, predominantly in the South Asia and Middle East areas. The Hungarian name Tétény, in old Hungarian Tühütüm likely descends from the title Tegin.

Notable tegins

References

  1. Ancient Coin Collecting VI: Non-Classical Cultures, by Wayne G. Sayles p.81
  2. Sanping Chen, "Son of Heaven and Son of God: Interactions among Ancient Asiatic Cultures regarding Sacral Kingship and Theophoric Names", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Nov., 2002), p. 296: Writing 勒 instead of 勤 is a common script error in current editions of almost all dynastic histories
  3. Maue, Dieter. "The Khüis Tolgoi inscription - signs and sounds". Academia.edu. Retrieved 4 November 2018. p. 13-14
  4. Jiu Tangshu vol 194 upper "可汗者，猶古之單于； 其子弟謂之特 (ms. 特勒)" Tr. "the Kehan, in the past, was called Chanyu: His sons and younger brothers are called Te (ms. Tele)"(in Chinese)
  5. Xin Tangshu Vol. 215 upper (in Chinese) "至吐門，遂強大，更號可汗，猶單於也， 子弟曰特 (ms. 特勒)" tr. "Till Tumen, has achieved strength and greatness and is now called Kehan, formerly Chanyu, sons and younger brothers are called Te (ms. Tele)
  6. Taskin V. S. "Materials on history of Dunhu group nomadic tribes", Moscow, 1984, p. 432
  7. Ligeti, L (1975), Kiadó, A (ed.), Researches in Altaic languages, University of Michigan, p. 48
  8. Ömer Soner Hunkan (1988–2016). "TEGİN Bazı Türk devletlerinde hükümdar soyundan gelen erkek çocuklara verilen unvan.". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
  9. Golden, Peter B. (2021–2023). "Some Comments on the Türk Titles, in Particular Tėgin". Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi. 26: 13–16. ISBN 978-3-447-18132-7.
  10. Sanping Chen, "Son of Heaven and Son of God: Interactions among Ancient Asiatic Cultures regarding Sacral Kingship and Theophoric Names", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Nov., 2002), p. 296, note on misspelling
  11. Zuev Yu. A. "The strongest tribe Esgil" //Materials of International Round Table, Almaty, 2004, p.44, ISBN 9965-699-14-3
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