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{{Short description|English clerk and vegetarianism activist}} {{Short description|English clerk and activist (1853–1937)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person {{Infobox person
| name = J. Isaac Pengelly | name = J. Isaac Pengelly
| image = J. Isaac Pengelly | image = J. Isaac Pengelly.png
| caption = Portrait from '']'' (1898)
| birth_name = John Isaac Pengelly | birth_name = John Isaac Pengelly
| birth_date = 1853 | birth_date = 1853
| birth_place = | birth_place =
| death_date = 1937 (aged 84) | death_date = 6 May 1937 (aged 84)
| death_place = ] | death_place = ], England
| occupation = ] | resting_place = ], Exeter
| occupation = Clerk, activist
| spouse = Lavinia Pengelly
}} }}


'''John Isaac Pengelly''' (1853 – 1937) was an English ] and activist for animal rights and ]. He was clerk to Exeter Magistrates for 48 years and was the founder of the Exeter Vegetarian Society. '''John Isaac Pengelly''' (1853 – 6 May 1937) was an English clerk and activist for ] and ]. He was a clerk to Exeter Magistrates for 48 years and the founder of Exeter Vegetarian Society.


==Career== ==Career==


Pengelly was educated at St. John's Hospital School in Exeter.<ref name="The Western Times">{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F19370507&page=15 |title=Loss to Exeter: Death of Mr. J. I. Pengelly|newspaper=The Western Times |date=May 7, 1937|page=15}} {{subscription required}}</ref> He left school to become clerk of H. D. Barton of Exeter Magistrates. He succeeded Barton as clerk to the Justices in 1887.<ref name="The Western Times"/> During his career he had worked with 117 justices in connection with the ]. He was clerk of the Exeter Insurance Committee from 1912 to 1932.<ref name="The Western Times"/> He was a member and solicitor of the Western Provident Association.<ref name="The Western Times"/> Pengelly was educated at St. John's Hospital School in Exeter.<ref name="The Western Times">{{cite news |date=1937-05-07 |title=Loss to Exeter: Death of Mr. J. I. Pengelly |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F19370507&page=15 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=] |page=15 |via=]}}</ref> After leaving school, he began working as a clerk for H. D. Barton of the Exeter Magistrates. In 1887, he succeeded Barton as clerk to the Justices.<ref name="The Western Times"/> Over the course of his career, he collaborated with 117 justices in matters related to the ]. From 1912 to 1932, he served as the clerk of the Exeter Insurance Committee.<ref name="The Western Times"/> Additionally, he was a member of the Western Provident Association, where he also held the role of solicitor.<ref name="The Western Times"/>


He retired from clerkship after 48 years in 1935.<ref name="The Western Times"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000512%2F19370514&page=5 |title=Mr. J. I. Pengelly: Funeral of Former Clerk to Justices|newspaper=Devon and Exeter Gazette |date=May 14, 1937|page=5}} {{subscription required}}</ref> He was director of the Exeter City Football Club.<ref name="The Western Times"/> Pengelly retired from clerkship after 48 years in 1935.<ref name="The Western Times"/><ref>{{cite news |date=1937-05-14 |title=Mr. J. I. Pengelly: Funeral of Former Clerk to Justices |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000512%2F19370514&page=5 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=Devon and Exeter Gazette |page=5 |via=]}}</ref> He was a director and vice-chairman of ].<ref name="The Western Times"/>


==Vegetarianism== ==Activism==


Pengelly was introduced to vegetarianism through reading a letter by ] in the Exeter papers in Autumn 1880.<ref name="Forward 1898">{{cite book |last=Forward |first=Charles W. |author-link=Charles W. Forward |date=1898 |title= Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England|url=https://archive.org/details/b2486609x/page/142/mode/2up |location=London |publisher=The Ideal Publishing Union |page=143}}</ref> Pengelly became a vegetarian in 1881 for ethical reasons. He acknowledged the health and hygienic benefits of a vegetarian diet but stated that he gave up eating meat due to the unnecessary cruelty of animal slaughter.<ref name="Vegetarian">{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003850%2F18940531&page=3 |title=Economic, Nutritious, and Hygienic Diet|newspaper=The North Devon Herald |date=May 31, 1894|page=3}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Pengelly was founder and secretary of the Exeter Vegetarian Society.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000508%2F18910421&page=2 |title=Exeter Vegetarian Society|newspaper=The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette|date=April 21, 1891|page=2}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Forward |first=Charles W. |author-link=Charles W. Forward |date=1898 |title= Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England|url=https://archive.org/details/b2486609x/page/140/mode/2up |location=London |publisher=The Ideal Publishing Union |page=140}}</ref> He was elected president in 1891 and was president of the Devon and Exeter Vegetarian Society in 1894.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18910422&page=3 |title=Exeter Vegetarian Society|newspaper=The Western Times |date=April 22, 1891|page=3}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18940312&page=4 |title=Devon and Exeter Vegetarian Society|newspaper=The Western Times |date=March 12, 1894|page=4}} {{subscription required}}</ref> His wife Lavinia was initially hostile to vegetarianism but later converted and lectured on vegetarian meals.<ref name="Forward 1898"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18960305&page=3 |title=Exeter Vegetarians and Their Cooking|newspaper=The Western Times |date=March 5, 1896|page=3}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gregory |first=James Richard Thomas Elliott |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/467032/2/886115_v.2.pdf |title=The Vegetarian Movement in Britain c.1840–1901: A Study of Its Development, Personnel and Wider Connections |publisher=University of Southampton |year=2002 |volume=2 |page=91|language=en |chapter=Biographical Index of British Vegetarians and Food reformers of the Victorian Era}}</ref> Pengelly was introduced to ] through reading a letter by ] in the Exeter papers in Autumn 1880.<ref name="Forward 1898">{{cite book |last=Forward |first=Charles W. |author-link=Charles W. Forward |url=https://archive.org/details/b2486609x/page/142/mode/2up |title=Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England |date=1898 |publisher=The Ideal Publishing Union |location=London |page=}}</ref>{{Rp|page=143}} He became a vegetarian in 1881 for ethical reasons. Pengelly acknowledged the health and hygienic benefits of a vegetarian diet, but stated that he gave up eating meat due to the unnecessary cruelty of ].<ref name="Vegetarian">{{cite news |date=1894-05-31 |title=Economic, Nutritious, and Hygienic Diet |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0003850%2F18940531&page=3 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=The North Devon Herald |page=3 |via=]}}</ref>


Pengelly was founder and secretary of the Exeter Vegetarian Society.<ref name="Forward 1898" />{{Rp|page=140}}<ref>{{cite news |date=1891-04-21 |title=Exeter Vegetarian Society |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000508%2F18910421&page=2 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette |page=2 |via=]}}</ref> He was elected president in 1891 and was president of the Devon and Exeter Vegetarian Society in 1894.<ref>{{cite news |date=1891-04-22 |title=Exeter Vegetarian Society |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18910422&page=3 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=] |page=3 |via=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1894-03-12 |title=Devon and Exeter Vegetarian Society |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18940312&page=4 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=] |page=4 |via=]}}</ref> His wife Lavinia was initially hostile to vegetarianism but later converted and lectured on vegetarian meals.<ref name="Forward 1898" />{{Rp|page=143}}<ref>{{cite news |date=1896-03-05 |title=Exeter Vegetarians and Their Cooking |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18960305&page=3 |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=] |page=3 |via=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gregory |first=James Richard Thomas Elliott |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/467032/2/886115_v.2.pdf |title=The Vegetarian Movement in Britain c.1840–1901: A Study of Its Development, Personnel and Wider Connections |publisher=] |year=2002 |volume=2 |page=91 |language=en |chapter=Biographical Index of British Vegetarians and Food reformers of the Victorian Era}}</ref> She died in 1913.<ref>{{cite news |date=1913-04-14 |title=Death of Mrs. J. I. Pengelly |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F19130414&page=2 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=] |page=2 |via=]}}</ref>
In 1894, he authored a pamphlet ''Animal Rights'', which dealt "exhaustively with the whole matter of man's duty in regard to the treatment of animals".<ref name="Vegetarian"/> Pengelly attended the annual meeting of the ] in 1896.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=Vegetarian Federal Union 1889-1911|url=https://www.ivu.org/history//vfu/meeting19.html|website=
International Vegetarian Union|language=en-GB|archive-date=June 20, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620231147/https://www.ivu.org/history//vfu/meeting19.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He served on the General Council of the ] and was its Registrar in 1896.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18960204&page=6 |title=Local News|newspaper=The Western Times |date=February 4, 1896|page=6}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18960218&page=5 |title=City Topics|newspaper=The Western Times |date=February 18, 1896|page=5}} {{subscription required}}</ref>


In 1894, he authored a pamphlet, ''Animal Rights'', which dealt "exhaustively with the whole matter of man's duty in regard to the treatment of animals".<ref name="Vegetarian" /> Pengelly attended the annual meeting of the ] in 1896.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Vegetarian Federal Union 1889-1911 |url=https://www.ivu.org/history//vfu/meeting19.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620231147/https://www.ivu.org/history//vfu/meeting19.html |archive-date=2024-06-20 |website=] |language=en-GB}}</ref> He served on the General Council of the ] and was its Registrar in 1896.<ref>{{cite news |date=1896-02-04 |title=Local News |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18960204&page=6 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=] |page=6 |via=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1896-02-18 |title=City Topics |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F18960218&page=5 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=] |page=5 |via=]}}</ref>
⚫ In 1898, Pengelly argued that all references to meat eating in school books should be eliminated and that the young should not be imbued with the idea of bloodshed in preparation of food.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000206%2F18980915&page=6 |title=Vegetarian Congress|newspaper= The Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser|date=September 15, 1898|page=6}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Pengelly was known to have worn vegetarian boots.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gregory |first=James |date=2005 |title=Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth-century Britain |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Of_Victorians_and_Vegetarians/JbaKDwAAQBAJ |publisher=Tauris Academic Studies |page=55 |isbn=978-0857715265}}</ref>

⚫ In 1898, Pengelly argued that all references to meat eating in school books should be eliminated and that the young should not be imbued with the idea of bloodshed in preparation of food.<ref>{{cite news |date=1898-09-15 |title=Vegetarian Congress |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000206%2F18980915&page=6 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=] |page=6 |via=]}}</ref> Pengelly was known to have worn vegetarian boots.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gregory |first=James |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Of_Victorians_and_Vegetarians/JbaKDwAAQBAJ |title=Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth-century Britain |date=2005 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-85771-526-5 |page=55}}</ref>


==Death== ==Death==


Pengelly died in Exeter, aged 84.<ref name="Death">{{cite news|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F19370514&page=12 |title=Magistrates' Clerk For 48 Years: Funeral of Mr. J. I. Pengelly at Exeter|newspaper=The Western Times |date=May 14, 1937|page=12}} {{subscription required}}</ref> His funeral took place at St. James' Church, Exeter.<ref name="Death"/> Pengelly died from ] on 6 May 1937, in Exeter at the age of 84.<ref name="The Western Times" /><ref name="Death">{{cite news |date=1937-05-14 |title=Magistrates' Clerk For 48 Years: Funeral of Mr. J. I. Pengelly at Exeter |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0000265%2F19370514&page=12 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-12-20 |newspaper=] |page=12 |via=]}} </ref> His funeral took place at St. James' Church, Exeter.<ref name="Death"/>


==Selected publications== ==Selected publications==
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Latest revision as of 16:31, 20 December 2024

English clerk and activist (1853–1937)

J. Isaac Pengelly
Portrait from Fifty Years of Food Reform (1898)
BornJohn Isaac Pengelly
1853
Died6 May 1937 (aged 84)
Exeter, England
Resting placeSt. James' Church, Exeter
Occupation(s)Clerk, activist
SpouseLavinia Pengelly

John Isaac Pengelly (1853 – 6 May 1937) was an English clerk and activist for animal rights and vegetarianism. He was a clerk to Exeter Magistrates for 48 years and the founder of Exeter Vegetarian Society.

Career

Pengelly was educated at St. John's Hospital School in Exeter. After leaving school, he began working as a clerk for H. D. Barton of the Exeter Magistrates. In 1887, he succeeded Barton as clerk to the Justices. Over the course of his career, he collaborated with 117 justices in matters related to the police court. From 1912 to 1932, he served as the clerk of the Exeter Insurance Committee. Additionally, he was a member of the Western Provident Association, where he also held the role of solicitor.

Pengelly retired from clerkship after 48 years in 1935. He was a director and vice-chairman of Exeter City Football Club.

Activism

Pengelly was introduced to vegetarianism through reading a letter by R. Bailey Walker in the Exeter papers in Autumn 1880. He became a vegetarian in 1881 for ethical reasons. Pengelly acknowledged the health and hygienic benefits of a vegetarian diet, but stated that he gave up eating meat due to the unnecessary cruelty of animal slaughter.

Pengelly was founder and secretary of the Exeter Vegetarian Society. He was elected president in 1891 and was president of the Devon and Exeter Vegetarian Society in 1894. His wife Lavinia was initially hostile to vegetarianism but later converted and lectured on vegetarian meals. She died in 1913.

In 1894, he authored a pamphlet, Animal Rights, which dealt "exhaustively with the whole matter of man's duty in regard to the treatment of animals". Pengelly attended the annual meeting of the Vegetarian Federal Union in 1896. He served on the General Council of the Order of the Golden Age and was its Registrar in 1896.

In 1898, Pengelly argued that all references to meat eating in school books should be eliminated and that the young should not be imbued with the idea of bloodshed in preparation of food. Pengelly was known to have worn vegetarian boots.

Death

Pengelly died from bronchitis on 6 May 1937, in Exeter at the age of 84. His funeral took place at St. James' Church, Exeter.

Selected publications

  • Animal Rights (1894)

References

  1. ^ "Loss to Exeter: Death of Mr. J. I. Pengelly". The Western Times. 7 May 1937. p. 15. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  2. "Mr. J. I. Pengelly: Funeral of Former Clerk to Justices". Devon and Exeter Gazette. 14 May 1937. p. 5. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  3. ^ Forward, Charles W. (1898). Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England. London: The Ideal Publishing Union.
  4. ^ "Economic, Nutritious, and Hygienic Diet". The North Devon Herald. 31 May 1894. p. 3. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  5. "Exeter Vegetarian Society". The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette. 21 April 1891. p. 2. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  6. "Exeter Vegetarian Society". The Western Times. 22 April 1891. p. 3. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  7. "Devon and Exeter Vegetarian Society". The Western Times. 12 March 1894. p. 4. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  8. "Exeter Vegetarians and Their Cooking". The Western Times. 5 March 1896. p. 3. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  9. Gregory, James Richard Thomas Elliott (2002). "Biographical Index of British Vegetarians and Food reformers of the Victorian Era". The Vegetarian Movement in Britain c.1840–1901: A Study of Its Development, Personnel and Wider Connections (PDF). Vol. 2. University of Southampton. p. 91.
  10. "Death of Mrs. J. I. Pengelly". The Western Times. 14 April 1913. p. 2. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  11. "Vegetarian Federal Union 1889-1911". International Vegetarian Union. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024.
  12. "Local News". The Western Times. 4 February 1896. p. 6. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  13. "City Topics". The Western Times. 18 February 1896. p. 5. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  14. "Vegetarian Congress". The Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 15 September 1898. p. 6. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
  15. Gregory, James (2005). Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth-century Britain. Tauris Academic Studies. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-85771-526-5.
  16. ^ "Magistrates' Clerk For 48 Years: Funeral of Mr. J. I. Pengelly at Exeter". The Western Times. 14 May 1937. p. 12. Retrieved 20 December 2024 – via Findmypast.
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