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{{Short description|American political activist (1922–2019)}}
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{{Infobox person {{Infobox person
|image =Lyndon LaRouche.jpg | name = Lyndon LaRouche
| image = LaRouche 1988 (filter).jpg
|image_size =200px
|caption = LaRouche in February 2006 | caption = LaRouche, circa 1988
| birth_name = Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche Jr.
|alt = photograph
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|9|8}}
|birth_name = Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche, Jr.
| birth_place = ], U.S.
|birth_date ={{birth date and age|1922|9|8}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|2|12|1922|9|8}}
|birth_place =]
| death_place = <!-- New York Times and Los Angeles Times obituaries did not specify a location. -->
|death_date =
| education = ] (no degree)
|death_place =
| organization = ]
|residence = ]
|other_names =Lyn Marcus | other_names = Lyn Marcus
| party = {{ubl|] (after 1979)|] (1973–1979)|] (1949–1964)}}
|occupation =
| movement = ]
|known for = Perennial presidential candidate, economic forecaster, conspiracy theorist
| spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|Janice Neuberger|1954|1963|end=div}} | {{marriage|]|1977}}}}
|party =] (since 1979) <br> ] (until 1979)
| signature =
|spouse =Janice Neuberger (1954–1963)<br/>] (1977–present)
{{Infobox officeholder|embed=yes
|parents =Jessie Lenore Weir<br/> Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche, Sr.
| office = Leader of the ]
|children =Daniel, born 1956
| term_start = 1973
| term_end = 1979
| predecessor = ''Party established''
| successor = ''Party dissolved''
}} }}
}}
{{Conservatism US|activists}}
'''Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche Jr.''' (September 8, 1922 – February 12, 2019) was an American political activist who founded the ] and its main organization, the ] (NCLC).<ref name="NYTDeath">{{cite web |last1=Severo |first1=Richard |title=Lyndon LaRouche, Cult Figure Who Ran for President 8 Times, Dies at 96 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/obituaries/lyndon-larouche-dead.html |website=The New York Times |date=February 13, 2019 |access-date=February 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214141656/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/obituaries/lyndon-larouche-dead.html |archive-date=February 14, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/archive/cult-leaders-use-mind-control/article_b5c1be46-5e0e-5813-b7f9-ac8b9dc17c62.html|title=Cult Leaders Use Mind Control|website=Tulsa World|date=March 14, 1993 |language=en|access-date=October 4, 2019|archive-date=December 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207035606/https://www.tulsaworld.com/archive/cult-leaders-use-mind-control/article_b5c1be46-5e0e-5813-b7f9-ac8b9dc17c62.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTu47pGfD84C&pg=PA377 |pages=377–380 |editor=Kathlyn Gay |title=American Dissidents: An Encyclopedia of Activists, Subversives, and Prisoners of Conscience |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011 |isbn=978-1598847659 |access-date=June 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://books.google.com/books?id=sTu47pGfD84C&pg=PA377 |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7ad8GzRf0QC&pg=PA108 |page=108 |title=Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History |last=Atkins |first=Steven E. |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011 |isbn=978-1598843507 |access-date=June 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://books.google.com/books?id=X7ad8GzRf0QC&pg=PA108 |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was a prominent ] and ].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Jesse |title=Lyndon LaRouche: The Conspiracist Who Earned a Following |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2019/12/29/lyndon-larouche-obituary-conspiracist-with-a-well-connected-following-086493 |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=] |date=December 29, 2019 }}</ref> He began in ] politics in the 1940s and later supported the ]; however, in the 1970s, he moved to the ].<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> His movement is sometimes described as, or likened to, a ].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Timothy R. |date=2019-02-13 |title=Lyndon LaRouche Jr., conspiracy theorist and presidential candidate, dies at 96 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/lyndon-larouche-jr-conspiracy-theorist-and-presidential-candidate-dies-at-96/2019/02/13/22170d42-2f21-11e9-813a-0ab2f17e305b_story.html |access-date=2022-10-30 |newspaper=] |quote=He built a political organization often likened to a cult and ran for president eight times, once while in prison for mail fraud.}}</ref><ref name=":3" />{{Sfn|Atkins|2011|p=109}} Convicted of fraud, he served five years in prison from 1989 to 1994.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />


Born in ], LaRouche was drawn to ] and ] movements in his twenties during ]. In the 1950s, while a ], he was also a ] in New York City.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Berlet |first=Chip |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/671568128 |title=Culture wars : an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices |date=2010 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |others=Roger Chapman |isbn=978-1849727136 |location=Armonk, N.Y. |pages=315 |oclc=671568128}}</ref> By the 1960s, he became engaged in increasingly smaller and more radical splinter groups. During the 1970s, he created the foundation of the LaRouche movement and became more engaged in conspiratorial beliefs and violent and illegal activities. Instead of the radical left, he embraced ] politics and ].<ref name=":8" />{{Sfn|Atkins|2011|pp=108–109}} At various times, he alleged that he had been targeted for assassination by ], Zionist mobsters, his own associates (who he said had been drugged and brainwashed by ] and British spies), in addition to others.<ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979" /><ref name=":5" />
'''Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche, Jr.''' (born September 8, 1922), also known as '''Lyn Marcus''', is an American political activist and founder of the ]. He has written on economic, scientific, and political topics, as well as on history, philosophy, and psychoanalysis. Journalists and government officials in China, Italy and Russia have credited LaRouche with forecasting that unrestricted financial speculation would cause the ].<ref>Sources for the description:
*China: "In July of 2007, LaRouche once again warned the world that unless US stopped monopolizing world finances, and united with China, Russia, and India to reorganize the world financial system, a new world wide credit crisis would be unavoidable. But then the bullish Wall Street ignored his warning. One year later, LaRouche's prediction was vindicated again." Hui, Ju. , ''China Youth Daily'', July 24, 2009. "Famous American economist and independent presidential candidate Lyndon LaRouche successfully predicted the Brazilian, Russian and Asian financial crises... LaRouche, using his predictive tone, tells this journalist that to solve America's economic problem, large surgeries are needed. He said, today's financial and currency system is already unsalvageable, thus it must be radically restructured, not just merely reformed." Tang Yong, ''People's Daily'', April 13, 2005. "The famous Democrat dissenter Lyndon LaRouche also predicted that American led financial system is already collapsing, and if the government does not bail out in time, the results will be unthinkable. " ''Xinhua,'' October 13, 2008.
*Italy: "Lyndon LaRouche, the political guru who during the nineties heralded the collapse of speculative finance and the need for a new Bretton Woods." {{harvnb|Caizzi|2008}}. "Italian Euro-parliamentarian Mario Borghezio of the Northern League has been quoted as calling LaRouche, 'an heretical economist who had forecast the financial crisis much in advance, and who has long since developed a lucid and deep analysis of the distortions of the world economic system.'" Foxman, Abraham, ''Jews and Money: The Story of a Stereotype'', p. 125, Macmillan, Nov 9, 2010
*Russia: "LaRouche was one of the first (if not the first) experts who spoke about the global financial crisis." Benedictine, Kirill, and Diunov, Michael, , ''Terra-America'', April 23, 2012. "He predicted our Russian default in 1998, and one year ago, speaking at a hearing in the State Duma – the collapse of world markets." Shishova, Tatiana ''Russia Today'', 2007. "Lyndon LaRouche has been gaining popularity thanks to two successful long-term forecasts. In the first one made in the late 50s, he predicted the end of the Bretton Woods system, which was liquidated in 1971. The second forecast predicted a new systemic crisis – the total collapse of the global economic system. Indeed, in the last decade, the world's financial markets began to experience the impact of continuous "seismic shock", which indicated the beginning of the global systemic crisis of the world economy." Dyshlevsky, Sergei, [http://www.spekulant.ru/archive/2002_11_st01.html "The Italian Breakthrough", ''Spekulant'', November 2010. </ref>


It is estimated that the LaRouche movement never exceeded a few thousand members, but it had an outsize political influence,<ref name=":4" /> raising more than $200 million by one estimate,<ref name=":1" /> and running candidates in more than 4,000 elections in the 1980s.<ref name=":8" /> It was noted for disguising its candidates as conservative Democrats and harassing opponents.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":4" /> It reached its height in electoral success when Larouchite candidates won the Democratic primaries for the ] and related state offices; this alarmed Democratic Party officials, whose national spokesman called the Larouchites "kook fringe".<ref name=":6" /> The defeated mainstream Democratic candidates ran in the general election as members of the ]; the Larouchite Democrats all finished a distant third. Later in the 1980s, as part of the ], criminal investigations led to convictions of several LaRouche movement members, including LaRouche himself. He was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment but served only five.
LaRouche was a presidential candidate eight times between 1976 to 2004, running once for his own ] and campaigning seven times for the ] nomination. He was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment in 1988 for conspiracy to commit mail fraud and tax code violations, and was released in 1994 on parole. ], who was LaRouche's chief appellate attorney and a former ], said that LaRouche was denied a fair trial. The Court of Appeals unanimously rejected the appeal.<ref>. New York Times. Associated Press. January 23, 1990.
*Green, Frank. , ''Richmond Times'', January 23, 1990.</ref>


LaRouche was a perennial candidate for ]. He ran in every election from 1976 to 2004 as a candidate of third parties established by members of his movement, peaking at around 78,000 votes in the ].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mintz |first=John |date=January 13, 1985 |title=Group Makes Political Inroads |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/larou5.htm |ref=none}}</ref> He also tried to gain the Democratic presidential nomination. In the ], he received 5% of the total nationwide vote. In 2000, he received enough primary votes to qualify for delegates in some states, but the ] refused to seat his delegates and barred LaRouche from attending the ].<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norrander |first=Barbara |date=2006 |title=The Attrition Game: Initial Resources, Initial Contests and the Exit of Candidates during the US Presidential Primary Season |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4092259 |journal=British Journal of Political Science |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=487–507 |doi=10.1017/S0007123406000251 |jstor=4092259 |issn=0007-1234}}</ref>
Supporters of LaRouche call him a political leader in the tradition of ]. Commentators for ''The Washington Post'' and ''The New York Times'' have described him as a conspiracy theorist and a political extremist. Some have called him fascist or ], and a 1979 editorial in the ''New York Times'' characterized his movement as a 'cult'.<ref>Sources for the descriptions:
*Many argue that LaRouche is one of the great modern-day leaders in the political tradition of Roosevelt, see .
*For conspiracy theorist, see and {{harvnb|Johnson|1983|p=187ff}}
*For fascist, see ; and .
*For anti-Semite, see ; ; , p. 4, footnote 5; ; ; {{harvnb|Griffin|Feldman|2003}}, p. 144; and .
*For cult leader, see ; and .</ref> ], formerly with the ], described LaRouche's staff in 1984 as one of the best private intelligence services in the world, while the ], a think tank, wrote that he leads "what may well be one of the strangest political groups in American history."<ref>For Bailey, see .
*For the Heritage Foundation, see , p. 1.</ref>


==Background== ==Early life==
LaRouche was born in Rochester, New Hampshire, the oldest of three children of Jessie Lenore ({{nee}} Weir) and Lyndon H. LaRouche Sr.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=tbl/viletbl00152.xml|title=A Guide to the Lyndon LaRouche Collection, 1979–1986 Lyndon LaRouche Collection SC 0075|website=ead.lib.virginia.edu|accessdate=May 28, 2022|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224035620/https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=tbl%2Fviletbl00152.xml|url-status=live}}</ref> His paternal grandfather's family emigrated to the United States from ], Quebec, whereas his maternal grandfather was born in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wargs.com/political/larouche.html|title=Ancestry of Lyndon LaRouche|access-date=December 27, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219230746/http://wargs.com/political/larouche.html|archive-date=December 19, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> His father worked for the ] in Rochester before the family moved to ].<ref>{{harvnb|Montgomery|1974}} and {{harvnb|King|1989|pp=17–18, 20, 25–26}}.</ref>
===Early life===
{{Quote box4
|quote = I survived socially by making chiefly ], ], and ] my principal peers, looking at myself, my thoughts, my commitments to practice in terms of a kind of collectivity of them constructed in my own mind.
|source = Lyndon LaRouche<ref>{{harvnb|LaRouche|1979|pp=55, 58}}.</ref>
|width = 25%
|align = right
}}
LaRouche was born in Rochester, New Hampshire, the oldest of three children of Jessie Lenore (née Weir) and Lyndon H. LaRouche, Sr.<ref>http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=tbl/viletbl00152.xml;query=;brand=default</ref> His father worked for the ] in Rochester before the family moved to Lynn, Massachusetts.<ref>{{harvnb|Montgomery|1974}} and {{harvnb|King|1989|pp=17–18, 20, 25–26}}.
*For his father's dates (June 1, 1896 – December 1983), see , familysearch.org, accessed February 9, 2011.
*For his mother's (November 12, 1893 – August 1978), see , familysearch.org, accessed February 9, 2011.</ref> According to his autobiography, ''The Power of Reason: A Kind of an Autobiography'' (1979), LaRouche began to read around the age of five, and was called "Big Head" by other children at his school. He recalls that in the third grade his eyesight was poor and he was made to sit at the back of the class, where his vision remained blurred.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1983}}, p. 201.</ref>


His parents became ] after his father had converted from Roman Catholicism. They forbade him from fighting with other children, even in self-defense, which he said led to "years of hell" from bullies at school. As a result, he spent much of his time alone, taking long walks through the woods and identifying in his mind with great philosophers. He wrote that, between the ages of twelve and fourteen, he read philosophy extensively, embracing the ideas of ], and rejecting those of ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>For the parents' religions and other details, see {{harvnb|Witt|2004}}, p. 3, and {{harvnb|King|1989|p=4}}. His parents became ] after his father converted from ]. They forbade him from fighting with other children, even in self-defense, which he said led to "years of hell" from bullies at school. As a result, he spent much of his time alone, taking long walks through the woods and identifying in his mind with great philosophers. He wrote that, between the ages of 12 and 14, he read philosophy extensively, embracing the ideas of ] and rejecting those of ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>For the parents' religions and other details, see {{harvnb|Witt|2004}}, p. 3, and {{harvnb|King|1989|p=4}}.</ref><ref>For "years of hell" and bullying, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1979|pp=38–39}}.</ref><ref>For spending time alone and identifying with philosophers, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1979|pp=55, 58}}.</ref><ref>For the particular philosophers he read, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1987|p=17}}.</ref> He graduated from ] in 1940. In the same year, the Lynn Quakers expelled his father from the group, for reportedly accusing other Quakers of misusing funds, while writing under the pen name Hezekiah Micajah Jones. LaRouche and his mother resigned in sympathy for his father.<ref>For his graduation, see {{harvnb|Tong|1994}}.</ref><ref>For his father's expulsion, see {{harvnb|King|1989|pp=5–6}}.</ref><ref>For an entry mentioning LaRouche in Quaker records, see Stattler, Richard. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923144835/https://neym.org/archives/guide |date=September 23, 2017 }}, Rhode Island Historical Society, 1997, p. 92.</ref>
*For "years of hell" and bullying, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1979|pp=38–39}}.
*For spending time alone and identifying with philosophers, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1979|pp=55, 58}}.
*For the particular philosophers he read, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1987|p=17}}.</ref> He graduated from Lynn's ] in 1940. In the same year, the Lynn Quakers expelled his father from the group, for reportedly accusing other Quakers of misusing funds, while writing under the pen name Hezekiah Micajah Jones. LaRouche and his mother resigned in sympathy for his father.<ref>For his graduation, see {{harvnb|Tong|1994}}.
*For his father's expulsion, see {{harvnb|King|1989|pp=5–6}}.
*For an entry mentioning LaRouche in Quaker records, see Stattler, Richard. , Rhode Island Historical Society, 1997, p. 92.</ref>


===University studies, the army, marriage=== ===University studies, Marxism, marriage===
LaRouche attended ] in Boston and left in 1942. He later wrote that his teachers "lacked the competence to teach me on conditions I was willing to tolerate."<ref name=Witt2004p3>{{harvnb|Witt|2004}}, p. 3.</ref> As a Quaker, he was a ] (CO) during ], and joined a ] camp.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|p=6}}.</ref> In 1944 he joined the ] as a non-combatant and served in India and Burma with medical units and ending the war as an ordnance clerk. He described his decision to serve as one of the most important of his life. While in India he developed sympathy for the ]. LaRouche wrote that many GIs feared they would be asked to support British forces in actions against Indian independence forces, and that prospect was "revolting to most of us."<ref>{{harvnb|LaRouche|1987}}. For the importance of his decision to serve, see pp. 37–38. For his attitude to the Indian independence movement, see pp. 18–20.</ref>


LaRouche attended ] in ] and left in 1942. He later wrote that his teachers "lacked the competence to teach me on conditions I was willing to tolerate".<ref name=Witt2004p3>{{harvnb|Witt|2004}}, p. 3</ref> As a Quaker, he was a ] during ] and joined a ] camp in lieu of military service.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|p=6}}</ref> In 1944, he decided to enlist in the ] and served with the ] in ] and ] during the ]. At the end of the war, LaRouche was working as a clerk in the ], and later described his decision to enlist as of the most important decision of his life.<ref>{{harvnb|LaRouche|1987|pp=37–38}}</ref> In his 1988 autobiography, LaRouche claimed that being asked to express his views on the death of President ] to a group of fellow ]s led him to define his "principal lifelong political commitment, that the United States should take postwar world leadership in establishing a world order dedicated to promoting the economic development of what we call today "]".<ref>{{harvnb|LaRouche|1987|pp=36–37}}</ref>
He discussed ] in the CO camp, and while traveling home on the SS ''General Bradley'' in 1946, he met Don Merrill, a fellow soldier, also from Lynn, who converted him to ]. Back in the U.S., he resumed his education at Northeastern University. He returned to Lynn in 1948, and the next year joined the ] (SWP), adopting the name "Lyn Marcus" for his political work. He arrived in New York City in 1953, where he worked as a management consultant. In 1954 he married Janice Neuberger, a psychiatrist and member of the SWP. Their son, Daniel, was born in 1956.<ref>For how he adopted Marxism and Trotskyism, for his studies,and joining the SWP, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1987}}, pp. 62–64.
*For his work as a management consultant, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1979}}, p. 4.
*For his wife's profession and his use of Lyn Marcus, see .
*For his son's name and year of birth, see {{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. 8–9.</ref>


LaRouche wrote that he discussed ] in the CO camp, and while traveling home on the SS ''General Bradley'' in 1946, he met Don Merrill, a fellow soldier, also from Lynn, who converted him to ]. Back in the U.S., he resumed his education at Northeastern University but dropped out.<ref name=":8" /> He returned to Lynn in 1948 and the next year joined the ] (SWP) to recruit at the GE River Works there, adopting the name "Lyn Marcus" for his political work.<ref>For how he adopted Marxism and Trotskyism, for his studies, and joining the SWP, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1987}}, pp. 62–64. For his use of Lyn Marcus, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412124434/https://www.heritage.org/report/the-us-domestic-issues-labor-party |date=April 12, 2019 }}.</ref><ref name=":8" /> He arrived in New York City in 1953, where he worked as a ].<ref>For his work as a management consultant, see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1979}}, p. 4.</ref> In 1954 he married Janice Neuberger, a member of the SWP. Their son, Daniel, was born in 1956.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. 8–9.</ref>
==1960s==
===Teaching and the National Caucus of Labor Committees===
{{see|National Caucus of Labor Committees}}
{{Quote box4
|quote = Twenty to thirty students would ... sit on the floor surrounding LaRouche, who now sported a very shaggy beard ... LaRouche gave them esoteric assignments, such as searching through the writings of ] to discover Rudd's anarchistic origins, or studying ]'s ''The Accumulation of Capital.''
|source = ]<ref name=Wohlforth/>
|width = 25%
|align = right
}}
By 1961 the LaRouches were living in Central Park West, Manhattan, and LaRouche's activities were mostly focused on his career and not on the SWP. He and his wife separated in 1963, and he moved into a Greenwich Village apartment with another SWP member, Carol Schnitzer, also known as Larrabee.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989}}, p. 9.</ref> In 1964 he began an association with an SWP faction called the ], a faction which was later expelled from the SWP, and came under the influence of British Trotskyist leader ].<ref>{{harvnb|LaRouche|1970}}.</ref> For six months, LaRouche worked with American Healyite leader ], who later wrote that LaRouche had a "gargantuan ego," and "a marvelous ability to place any world happening in a larger context, which seemed to give the event additional meaning, but his thinking was schematic, lacking factual detail and depth."<ref name=Wohlforth>{{harvnb|Wohlforth}}, undated.</ref>


==Career==
In 1967 LaRouche began teaching classes on Marx's ] at New York City's Free School, and attracted a group of students from Columbia University and the City College of New York, recommending that they read '']'', as well as Hegel, Kant, and Leibniz. During the 1968 ], he organized his supporters under the name the National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC). The aim of the NCLC was to win control of the ] branch—the university's main activist group—and build a political alliance between students, local residents, organized labor, and the Columbia faculty.<ref>Fraser, Steve. ''NCLC Frame Up," ''Great Speckled Bird'', February 22, 1971.
===1960s===
*Also see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1987}}, p. 116.
====Teaching and the National Caucus of Labor Committees====
*The NCLC was at first called the SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) Labor Committee.
{{Further|National Caucus of Labor Committees}}
*For LaRouche's teaching, see {{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. 13–14.</ref> By 1973 the NCLC had over 600 members in 25 cities—including West Berlin and Stockholm—and produced what King called the most literate of the far-left papers, ''New Solidarity''.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. 17–18.
{{Quote box|width=25%|align=right|salign=right
*Also see Rose, Gregory F. "The Swarmy Life and Times of the NCLC", ''National Review'', March 30, 1979.</ref> The NCLC's internal activities became highly regimented over the next few years. Members gave up their jobs and devoted themselves to the group and its leader, believing it would soon take control of America's trade unions and overthrow the government.<ref>{{harvnb|Mintz|1985}}.
| quote=Twenty to thirty students would&nbsp;... sit on the floor surrounding LaRouche, who now sported a very shaggy beard&nbsp;... LaRouche gave them esoteric assignments, such as searching through the writings of ] to discover ]'s anarchistic origins, or studying ]'s ''The Accumulation of Capital.''
*For members giving up their jobs, see , and .</ref>
| source= —]<ref name=Wohlforth/>}}


By 1961, the LaRouches were living on ] in ], and LaRouche's activities were mostly focused on his career and not on the SWP. He and his wife separated in 1963, and he moved into a ] apartment with another SWP member, Carol Schnitzer, also known as Larrabee.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989}}, p. 9.</ref> In 1964 he began an association with an SWP faction called the ], a faction later expelled from the SWP, and came under the influence of British Trotskyist leader ].<ref>{{harvnb|LaRouche|1970}}.</ref>
==1970s==
===1971: "Intelligence network"===
{{see|LaRouche movement}}
] writes that LaRouche first established an NCLC "intelligence network" in 1971. Members all over the world would send information to NCLC headquarters, which would distribute it via briefings and other publications.LaRouche organized the network as a series of news services and magazines, which commentators say was done to gain access to government officials under press cover.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1983}}, p. 189.</ref> They included '']'', founded in 1974 and known for its conspiracy theories, including that Queen Elizabeth II is the head of an international drug-smuggling cartel, and that the 1995 ] was part of a British attempt to take over the United States.<ref name=Rausch>{{harvnb|Rausch|2003}}.</ref> Others included ''New Solidarity'', ''Fusion Magazine'', ''21st Century Science and Technology'', and ''Campaigner Magazine''. His news services and publishers included American System Publications, Campaigner Publications, New Solidarity International Press Service, and The New Benjamin Franklin House Publishing Company. LaRouche acknowledged in 1980 that his followers impersonated reporters and others, saying it had to be done for his security.<ref>, ''The New York Times'', February 15, 1980: "Lyndon H. LaRouche, the former head of the U.S. Labor Party who is now running as a Democrat, has said that his campaign workers impersonate reporters and others, contending that the covert operation is needed for his security."
*Other publications included ''International Journal of Fusion'', ''Investigative Leads'', ''War on Drugs'', ''The Young Scientist'', ''American Labor Beacon'', ''New Federalist'', ''Nouvelle Solidarité'', 'and 'Neue Solidarität''.</ref> In 1982, ''U.S. News and World Report'' sued New Solidarity International Press Service and Campaigner Publications for damages, alleging that members were impersonating its reporters in phone calls.<ref>Lynch, Pat. "Is Lyndon LaRouche using ''your'' name?", ''Columbia Journalism Review'', March–April 1985, pp. 42–46.
*Also see .</ref>


For six months, LaRouche worked with American Healyite leader ], who later wrote that LaRouche had a "gargantuan ego" and "a marvelous ability to place any world happening in a larger context, which seemed to give the event additional meaning, but his thinking was schematic, lacking factual detail and depth." Leaving Wohlforth's group, LaRouche briefly joined the rival ] before announcing his intention to build a new ].<ref name=Wohlforth>{{harvnb|Wohlforth}}, undated.</ref>
U.S. sources told the ''Washington Post'' in 1985 that the LaRouche organization had assembled a worldwide network of government and military contacts, and that his researchers sometimes supplied information to government officials. ], the CIA's deputy director in 1981 and 1982, said LaRouche and his wife had visited him offering information about the West German Green Party, and a CIA spokesman said LaRouche met Deputy Director John McMahon in 1983 to discuss one of LaRouche's trips overseas. An aide to William Clark said when LaRouche's associates discussed technology or economics, they made good sense and seemed to be qualified. Norman Bailey, formerly with the National Security Council, said in 1984 that LaRouche's staff comprised "one of the best private intelligence services in the world"; he said, "They do know a lot of people around the world. They do get to talk to prime ministers and presidents." Several government officials feared a security leak from the government's ties with the movement.<ref>For Bailey's comment in 1984, see .
*For the rest, see .</ref>
According to critics, the supposed behind-the-scenes processes, were more often flights of fancy than inside information. Douglas Foster wrote in ''Mother Jones'' in 1982 that the briefings consisted of disinformation, "hate-filled" material about enemies, phony letters, intimidation, fake newspaper articles, and dirty tricks campaigns. Opponents were accused of being gay or Nazis, or were linked to murders, which the movement called "psywar techniques."<ref>For Alexander, {{harvnb|Alexander|1991}}, p. 948.
*For the ''Mother Jones'' article, see .
*For psywar techniques, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1983}}, p. 190.</ref>


In 1967, LaRouche began teaching classes on Marx's ] at New York City's Free School,<ref name="Lewers">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=53peAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 |title=A Voter's Journey |publisher=] |author=Lewers, Bill |year=2013 |pages=200 |isbn=978-1483686776 |access-date=November 13, 2016 |archive-date=May 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528151549/https://books.google.com/books?id=53peAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 |url-status=live }}{{self-published source|date=December 2017}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} and attracted a group of students from ] and the ], recommending that they read '']'', as well as ], Kant, and Leibniz. During the ], he organized his supporters under the name '']'' (NCLC).<ref name="Lewers"/> The aim of the NCLC was to win control of the ] (SDS) branch{{snd}}the university's main activist group{{snd}}and build a political alliance between students, local residents, organized labor, and the Columbia faculty.<ref>Fraser, Steve. "NCLC Frame Up", ''Great Speckled Bird'', February 22, 1971.</ref><ref>Also see {{harvnb|LaRouche|1987}}, p. 116.</ref><ref>The NCLC was at first called the SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) Labor Committee.</ref><ref>For LaRouche's teaching, see {{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. 13–14.</ref> By 1973, the NCLC had over 600 members in 25 cities{{snd}}including West Berlin and Stockholm{{snd}}and produced what LaRouche's biographer, Dennis King, called the most literate of the far-left papers, ''New Solidarity''.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. 17–18.</ref><ref>Also see Rose, Gregory F. "The Swarmy Life and Times of the NCLC", '']'', March 30, 1979.</ref> The NCLC's internal activities became highly regimented over the next few years. Members gave up their jobs and devoted themselves to the group and its leader, believing it would soon take control of America's trade unions and overthrow the government.<ref>{{harvnb|Mintz|1985a}}.</ref><ref>For members giving up their jobs, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318073137/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1974/01/20/93255116.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false |date=March 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref>For members giving up their jobs, see: {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103174644/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46883-2004Oct20_3.html |date=November 3, 2012 }}.</ref>
From the 1970s through to the 2000s (decade), LaRouche founded several groups and companies. In addition to the National Caucus of Labor Committees, there was the ] (Australia), the National Democratic Policy Committee, the ], and the U.S. Labor Party. In 1984 he founded the ] in Germany with his second wife, and three political parties there—the ], ''Patrioten für Deutschland'', and '']''—and in 2000 the ]. His printing services included Computron Technologies, Computype, World Composition Services, and PMR Printing Company, Inc, or PMR Associates.<ref name=Copulus>, pp. 2–3.
*Other groups included the International Caucus of Labor Committees, the Club of Life, the Committee for a Fair Election, the Humanist Academy, the International Workingman's Defense Fund, the Lafayette Academy for the Arts and Sciences, the LaRouche Campaign, the National Anti-Drug Coalition, the National Unemployed and Welfare Rights Organization, and the Revolutionary Youth Movement.
*For more on the companies, see .</ref>


===1970s===
===1973: Political shift; "Operation Mop-Up"===
====1971: Intelligence network====
{{Further|LaRouche movement}}
] writes that LaRouche first established an NCLC "intelligence network" in 1971. Members all over the world sent information to NCLC headquarters, which would distribute the information via briefings and other publications. LaRouche organized the network as a series of news services and magazines, which critics say was done to gain access to government officials under press cover.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1983}}, p. 189.</ref> The publications included '']'', founded in 1974. Other periodicals under his aegis included ''New Solidarity'', ''Fusion Magazine'', ''21st Century Science and Technology'', and ''Campaigner Magazine''. His news services and publishers included American System Publications, Campaigner Publications, New Solidarity International Press Service, and The New Benjamin Franklin House Publishing Company. LaRouche acknowledged in 1980 that his followers impersonated reporters and others, saying it had to be done for his security.<ref>
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722100214/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/02/16/archives/larouche-says-his-supporters-take-covert-roles-in-campaign.html?sq=LaRouche+Says+His+Supporters+Take+Covert+Roles+in+Campaign&scp=1&st=p |date=July 22, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times'', February 15, 1980: "Lyndon H. LaRouche, the former head of the U.S. Labor Party who is now running as a Democrat, has said that his campaign workers impersonate reporters and others, contending that the covert operation is needed for his security."
* Other publications included ''International Journal of Fusion'', ''Investigative Leads'', ''War on Drugs'', ''The Young Scientist'', ''American Labor Beacon'', ''New Federalist'', ''Nouvelle Solidarité'', and ''Neue Solidarität''.
</ref> In 1982, '']'' sued New Solidarity International Press Service and Campaigner Publications for damages, alleging that members were impersonating its reporters in phone calls.<ref>
Lynch, Pat. "Is Lyndon LaRouche using ''your'' name?", ''Columbia Journalism Review'', March–April 1985, pp. 42–46.
* Also see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804224001/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/larou1.htm |date=August 4, 2011 }}.
</ref>


U.S. sources told '']'' in 1985 that the LaRouche organization had assembled a worldwide network of government and military contacts, and that his researchers sometimes supplied information to government officials. ], the CIA's deputy director in 1981 and 1982, said LaRouche and his wife had visited him, offering information about the West German Green Party. A CIA spokesman said LaRouche met Deputy Director John McMahon in 1983 to discuss one of LaRouche's trips overseas. An aide to Deputy Secretary of State ] said when LaRouche's associates discussed technology or economics, they made good sense and seemed qualified. Norman Bailey, formerly with the ], said in 1984 that LaRouche's staff comprised "one of the best private intelligence services in the world. ...&nbsp;They do know a lot of people around the world. They do get to talk to prime ministers and presidents." Several government officials feared a security leak from the government's ties with the movement.<ref>
]
For Bailey's comment in 1984, see {{harvnb|Copulus|1984}}.
* For the rest, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804224001/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/larou1.htm |date=August 4, 2011 }}.
</ref> According to critics, the supposed behind-the-scenes processes were more often flights of fancy than inside information. Douglas Foster wrote in '']'' in 1982 that the briefings consisted of disinformation, "hate-filled" material about enemies, phony letters, intimidation, fake newspaper articles, and dirty tricks campaigns.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Teamster Madness |magazine=] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30 |author=Douglas Foster |date=January 1982 |page=30 |access-date=June 17, 2015 |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://books.google.com/books?id=ouYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30 |url-status=live }}</ref> Opponents were accused of being gay or ], or were linked to murders, which the movement called "psywar techniques".<ref>For psywar techniques, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1983}}, p. 190.</ref><ref>For Alexander, {{harvnb|Alexander|1991}}, p. 948.</ref>


From the 1970s to the first decade of the 21st century, LaRouche founded several groups and companies. In addition to the National Caucus of Labor Committees, there was the ] (Australia), the National Democratic Policy Committee, the ], and the ]. In 1984, he founded the ] in Germany with his second wife, and three political parties there{{snd}}the '']'', ''Patrioten für Deutschland'', and '']''{{snd}}and in 2000 the ]. His printing services included Computron Technologies, Computype, World Composition Services, and PMR Printing Company, Inc, or PMR Associates.<ref>{{harvnb|Copulus|1984|pp=2–3}}.
LaRouche wrote in his 1987 autobiography that violent altercations had begun in 1969 between his NCLC members and several ] groups when ]'s faction began assaulting LaRouche's faction at Columbia University.<ref>{{harvnb|LaRouche|1987}}, p. 117.</ref> Press accounts alleged that between April and September 1973, during what LaRouche called "Operation Mop-Up," NCLC members began physically attacking members of leftist groups that LaRouche classified as "left-protofascists"; an editorial in LaRouche's ''New Solidarity'' said of the Communist Party that the movement "must dispose of this stinking corpse."<ref>For the name "Operation Mop-Up," see .
* Other groups included the International Caucus of Labor Committees, the Club of Life, the Committee for a Fair Election, the Humanist Academy, the International Workingman's Defense Fund, the Lafayette Academy for the Arts and Sciences, the LaRouche Campaign, the National Anti-Drug Coalition, the National Unemployed and Welfare Rights Organization, and the Revolutionary Youth Movement.
*For the ''Village Voice'', see , pp. 8, 10, and for its discussion of the ''New Solidarity'' editorial, see p. 30.
* For more on the companies, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817102329/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/larou3.htm |date=August 17, 2017 }}.
*Also see {{harvnb|Alexander|1991}}, p. 946.</ref> Armed with chains, bats, and martial-art ] sticks, they{{who|date=May 2012}} assaulted Communist Party, SWP, and ] members and ] activists, on the streets and during meetings. At least 60 assaults were reported. The operation ended when police arrested several of LaRouche's followers; there were no convictions, and LaRouche maintained they had acted in self-defense. King writes that the FBI may have tried to aggravate the strife, using measures such as anonymous mailings, to keep the groups at each others' throats.<ref>For the description of the assaults, see , and , pp. 8, 10, 30.
</ref>
*For the number of assaults, see {{harvnb|Alexander|1991}}, p. 947.
*For the arrests, see {{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. 23–24.
"*Also see .
*For no convictions see .
*For LaRouche saying he acted in self-defence, see .</ref> LaRouche said he met representatives of the Soviet Union at the United Nations in 1974 and 1975 to discuss attacks by the Communist Party USA on the NCLC and to propose a merger, but said he received no assistance from them.<ref>{{harvnb|Perlman|1984}}.</ref> One FBI memo, recovered under the ], proposes assisting the CPUSA in an investigation "for the purpose of ultimately eliminating him and the threat of the NCLC." (see image to left)


====1973: Political shift; "Operation Mop-Up"====
LaRouche's critics such as Dennis King and ] allege that in 1973 and with little warning, LaRouche adopted more extreme ideas, a process accompanied by a campaign of violence against his opponents on the left, and the development of conspiracy theories and paranoia about his personal safety.<ref name=Lerman212>{{harvnb|Lerman|1988}}, p. 212.</ref> According to these accounts, he began to believe he was under threat of assassination from the Soviet Union, the CIA, Libya, drug dealers, and bankers.<ref name=MintzDec181987>.</ref> ] suggested in ''The New York Times'' that the change of political direction might have been linked to his partner, Carol Schnitzer/Larrabee, having left him in 1972 for a British activist, Chris White (see ]).{{dubious|date=May 2012}} LaRouche apparently spent months in Germany, and returned with what Montgomery described as a "messianic vision." He spent most of his time in his bathrobe in his New York apartment, and began to suggest there was a conspiracy against him led by the Rockefeller family and the British.<ref name=Montgomery1979/> He also established a "Biological Holocaust Task Force," which, according to LaRouche, analysed the public health consequences of ] austerity policies toward impoverished nations in Africa, and predicted that epidemics of cholera as well as possibly entirely new diseases would strike Africa in the 1980s.<ref>{{harvnb|Toumey|1996|pp=87–92}}.</ref><ref>Grauerholz, Dr. John, , ''EIR'' August 17, 1990</ref>
]


LaRouche wrote in his 1987 autobiography that violent altercations had begun in 1969 between his NCLC members and several ] groups when ]'s faction began assaulting LaRouche's faction at Columbia University.<ref>{{harvnb|LaRouche|1987}}, p. 117.</ref> Press accounts alleged that between April and September 1973, during what LaRouche called "Operation Mop-Up", NCLC members began physically attacking members of leftist groups that LaRouche classified as "left-protofascists"; an editorial in LaRouche's ''New Solidarity'' said of the ] that the movement "must dispose of this stinking corpse".<ref>For the name "Operation Mop-Up", see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318073137/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1974/01/20/93255116.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false |date=March 18, 2020 }}.</ref><ref>For the ''Village Voice'', see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=waleAAAAIBAJ&sjid=B4wDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6208,1251030&dq=of-thugs-and-liars&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}, pp. 8, 10, and for its discussion of the ''New Solidarity'' editorial, see p. 30.</ref><ref>Also see {{harvnb|Alexander|1991}}, p. 946.</ref> Armed with chains, bats, and martial-art ] sticks, NCLC members assaulted Communist Party, SWP, and ] members and ] activists on the streets and during meetings. At least 60 assaults were reported. The operation ended when police arrested several of LaRouche's followers; there were no convictions, and LaRouche maintained they had acted in self-defense. Journalist and LaRouche biographer Dennis King writes that the ] may have tried to aggravate the strife, using measures such as anonymous mailings, to keep the groups at each other's throats.<ref>For the description of the assaults, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318073137/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1974/01/20/93255116.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false |date=March 18, 2020 }}, and {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=waleAAAAIBAJ&sjid=B4wDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6208,1251030&dq=of-thugs-and-liars&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}, pp. 8, 10, 30.</ref><ref>For the number of assaults, see {{harvnb|Alexander|1991}}, p. 947.</ref><ref>For the arrests, see {{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. 23–24.</ref><ref>Also see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722100139/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/11/archives/two-held-in-a-double-street-gang-stabbing-on-lower-east-side.html?sq=Two+Held+in+a+Double+Street+Gang+Stabbing+on+Lower+East+Side&scp=1&st=p |date=July 22, 2018 }}.</ref><ref>For no convictions see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107184233/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73846043.html?dids=73846043:73846043&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+20%2C+1987&author=John+Mintz&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=Inside+the+Weird+World+of+Lyndon+LaRouche&pqatl=google |date=November 7, 2012 }}.</ref><ref>For LaRouche saying he acted in self-defence, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103174644/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46883-2004Oct20_3.html |date=November 3, 2012 }}.</ref> LaRouche said he met representatives of the Soviet Union at the United Nations in 1974 and 1975 to discuss attacks by the Communist Party USA on the NCLC and propose a merger, but said he received no assistance from them.<ref>{{harvnb|Perlman|1984}}.</ref> One FBI memo, obtained under the ], proposes assisting the CPUSA in an investigation "for the purpose of ultimately eliminating him and the threat of the NCLC" (see image to left).{{Third-party inline|date=October 2022}}
===1973: U.S. Labor Party===
{{See|U.S. Labor Party}}
]]]
LaRouche founded the U.S. Labor Party in 1973 as the political arm of the NCLC.<ref>.
*Also see Rose, Gregory F. "The Swarmy Life and Times of the NCLC," ''National Review'', March 30, 1979, and : "Three and four years ago, the tiny U.S. Labor Party, preaching Marxist revolution, was engaged in a bitter fight with the Communist Party over which was a purer representative of left-wing tradition.<p>"But now the Labor Party, under the same leadership, has moved to the right, has joined with persons in the South who are heirs to George C. Wallace's American Independent Party tradition, is soliciting help from orthodox Republicans and even had an information table at a big GOP fund-raising dinner in the Biltmore here last month."</ref> The USLP is described in LaRouche's résumé as "an independent political association committed to the tradition of ], ], ], and President ]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larouchepub.com/resume.html |title=Lyndon LaRouche Biography |publisher=Larouchepub.com |accessdate=April 18, 2011}}</ref> LaRouche describes it in another location as "a new ] association," adding that an important objective of the party was to fight against "the attempted revival of the 'preventive nuclear war' organization, the revived ]."<ref>{{cite news| date=July 9, 2004 |work=Executive Intelligence Review|title=Hans Koschnick Poses A Question Which the July Democrats Must Also Answer|first= Lyndon H. |last=LaRouche, Jr.|url=http://www.larouchepub.com/lar/2004/3127hans_koschnick.html}}</ref>


LaRouche's critics, such as King and ], allege that in 1973, with little warning, LaRouche adopted more extreme ideas, a process accompanied by a campaign of violence against his opponents on the left, and the development of conspiracy theories and paranoia about his personal safety.<ref name=Lerman212>{{harvnb|Lerman|1988}}, p. 212.</ref> According to these accounts, he began to believe he was under threat of assassination from the Soviet Union, the CIA, Libya, drug dealers, and bankers.<ref name=MintzDec181987> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165033/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73863058.html?dids=73863058:73863058&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+18%2C+1987&author=John+Mintz&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=a.18&desc=Defense+Calls+LaRouche%2C+Followers+%60Most+Annoying%27 |date=November 7, 2012 }}.</ref> He also established a "Biological Holocaust Task Force", which, according to LaRouche, analyzed the public health consequences of ] (IMF) austerity policies for impoverished nations in Africa, and predicted that epidemics of ] as well as possibly entirely new diseases would strike Africa in the 1980s.<ref name="Toumey-1996-pp.87-92">{{harvnb|Toumey|1996|pp=87–92}}.</ref><ref>Grauerholz, Dr. John, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215155936/https://larouchepub.com/eiw/public/1990/eirv17n33-19900817/eirv17n33-19900817_014-the_aids_epidemic_four_years_lat.pdf |date=February 15, 2019 }}, ''EIR'' August 17, 1990</ref>
A two-part article in ''The New York Times'' in 1979 by Howard Blum and Paul L. Montgomery alleged that LaRouche had turned it{{who|date=May 2012}}—at that point with 1,000 members in 37 offices in North America, and 26 in Europe and Latin America—into an extreme-right, anti-Semitic organization, despite the presence of Jewish members. LaRouche denied the newspaper's charges, and said he had filed a $100 million libel suit; his press secretary said the articles were intended to "set up a credible climate for an assassination hit."<ref>.</ref> The ''Times'' alleged that members had taken courses in how to use knives and rifles; that a farm in upstate New York had been used for guerrilla training; and that several members had undergone a six-day anti-terrorist training course run by ], an arms dealer and former member of the ], who said he had ties to the ]. Journalists and publications the party regarded as unfriendly were harassed, and it published a list of potential assassins it saw as a threat. LaRouche expected members to devote themselves entirely to the party, and place their savings and possessions at its disposal, as well as take out loans on its behalf. Party officials would decide who each member should live with, and if someone left the movement, his remaining partner was expected to live separately from him. LaRouche would question spouses about their partner's sexual habits, the ''Times'' said, and in one case reportedly ordered a member to stop having sex with his wife because it was making him "politically impotent."<ref name=Blum1979>.
*For Mitchell Werbell saying he had ties to the CIA, see .
*LaRouche hired WerBell as a security consultant for protection against an assassination threat and to train his security staff; see {{harvnb|Donner|Rothenberg|1980}}.</ref>


====1973: U.S. Labor Party====
===1973: "Ego-stripping" and "brainwashing" allegations===<!--this subhead is linked to-->
{{Further|U.S. Labor Party}}
LaRouche began writing in 1973 about the use of certain psychological techniques on recruits. In an article called "Beyond Psychoanalysis", he wrote that a worker's persona had to be stripped away to arrive at a state he called "little me," from which it would be possible to "rebuild their personalities around a new socialist identity," according to ''The Washington Post''.<ref>.
LaRouche founded the U.S. Labor Party in 1973 as the political arm of the NCLC.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412124434/https://www.heritage.org/report/the-us-domestic-issues-labor-party |date=April 12, 2019 }}.</ref><ref>Also see Rose, Gregory F. "The Swarmy Life and Times of the NCLC", ''National Review'', March 30, 1979</ref> At first, the party was "preaching Marxist revolution"; however, by 1977, it shifted from left-wing to ].<ref>Reich, Kenneth (September 21, 1977). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165255/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/654015532.html?dids=654015532:654015532&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Sep+21%2C+1977&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=QUITS+LEFTIST+CAMP&pqatl=google |date=November 7, 2012 }}. ''Los Angeles Times'', page A3.</ref> A two-part article in '']'' in 1979 by ] and ] alleged that LaRouche had turned the party (at that point with 1,000 members in 37 offices in North America, and 26 in Europe and Latin America) into an extreme-right, ] organization, despite the presence of Jewish members. LaRouche denied the newspaper's charges, and said he had filed a $100 million libel suit; his press secretary said the articles were intended to "set up a credible climate for an assassination hit".<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107182611/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/685425541.html?dids=685425541:685425541&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+17%2C+1980&author=Charles+Kenney+Globe+Staff&pub=Boston+Globe+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=FRINGE+CANDIDATE+OR+A+THREAT%3F%3B+%3B+THE+LYNDON+LAROUCHE+CAMPAIGN&pqatl=google |date=November 7, 2012 }}.</ref>
*Marcus, L. (Lyndon LaRouche). , ''The Campaigner'', Vol 6, Nos. 3–4; September/October 1973.</ref> ''The New York Times'' wrote that the first such session—which LaRouche called "ego-stripping"—involved a German member, Konstantin George, in the summer of 1973; LaRouche said he discovered during it that a plot to assassinate him had been implanted in George's mind.<ref name=MontgomeryWitt/>


The ''Times'' alleged that members had taken courses in how to use knives and rifles; that a farm in upstate New York had been used for guerrilla training; and that several members had undergone a six-day anti-terrorist training course run by ], an arms dealer and former member of the ], who said he had ties to the ]. Journalists and publications the party regarded as unfriendly were harassed, and it published a list of potential assassins it saw as a threat. LaRouche expected members to devote themselves entirely to the party, place their savings and possessions at its disposal, and take out loans on its behalf. Party officials decided who each member should live with, and if someone left the movement, the remaining member was expected to live separately from the ex-member. LaRouche questioned spouses about their partner's sexual habits, the ''Times'' said, and in one case reportedly ordered a member to stop having sex with his wife, because it was making him "politically impotent".<ref name=Blum1979> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722100150/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/07/archives/us-labor-party-cult-surrounded-by-controversy-the-us-labor-party.html?sq=%2522U.S.%2520Labor%2520Party%3A%2520Cult%2520Surrounded%2520by%2520Controversy&scp=1&st=cse |date=July 22, 2018 }}.</ref><ref>For Mitchell Werbell saying he had ties to the CIA, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722101707/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/08/archives/one-man-leads-us-labor-party-on-its-erratic-path-federal-election.html?sq=One%2520Man%2520Leads%2520U.S.%2520Labor%2520Party%2520on%2520His%2520Erratic%2520Path&scp=1&st=cse |date=July 22, 2018 }}.</ref><ref>LaRouche hired WerBell as a security consultant for protection against an assassination threat and to train his security staff; see {{harvnb|Donner|Rothenberg|1980}}.</ref>
He recorded sessions with a 26-year-old British member, Chris White, who had moved to England with LaRouche's former partner, Carol Schnitzer. In December 1973 LaRouche asked the couple to return to the U.S.; his followers sent tapes of the subsequent sessions with White to ''The New York Times'' as evidence of an assassination plot. According to the ''Times'', "here are sounds of weeping, and vomiting on the tapes, and Mr. White complains of being deprived of sleep, food and cigarettes. At one point someone says 'raise the voltage,' but (LaRouche) says this was associated with the bright lights used in the questioning rather than an electric shock." The ''Times'' wrote, "Mr. White complains of a terrible pain in his arm," then LaRouche can be heard saying, 'That's not real. That's in the program'." LaRouche told the newspaper White had been "reduced to an eight-cycle infinite loop with look-up table, with homosexual bestiality"; he said White had not been harmed and that a physician—a LaRouche movement member—had been present throughout.<ref name=MontgomeryWitt>, p. 51, column 5.
*Also see .</ref> White ended up telling LaRouche he had been programmed by the CIA and British intelligence to set up LaRouche for assassination by Cuban exile frogmen.<ref name=Tourish2000p74>{{harvnb|Tourish|Wohlforth|2000|p=74}}.</ref>


====1973: "Ego-stripping" and "brainwashing" allegations====<!--this subhead is linked to the redirect "Ego-stripping"-->
According to ''The Washington Post'', "brainwashing hysteria" took hold of the movement; one activist said he attended meetings where members were writhing on the floor saying they needed de-programming.<ref name=Witt2004p3/> In two weeks in January 1974, the group issued 41 separate press releases about brainwashing. One activist, Alice Weitzman, expressed skepticism about the claims. According to ''The New York Times'', LaRouche sent six NCLC members to her apartment, where she was held captive for two days until she alerted a passer-by throwing a piece of paper out of her window asking for help. The members, who were charged with unlawful imprisonment, told police she had been brainwashed to help the KGB and needed deprogramming. Weitzman was reluctant to testify and the charges were dismissed.<ref>For the Weitzman details, see , p. 1; for 41 press releases about brainwashing, see p. 51, column 2.
LaRouche began writing in 1973 about the use of certain psychological techniques on recruits. In an article called "Beyond Psychoanalysis", he wrote that a worker's persona had to be stripped away to arrive at a state he called "little me", from which it would be possible to "rebuild their personalities around a new socialist identity", according to '']''.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103174644/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46883-2004Oct20_3.html |date=November 3, 2012 }}.</ref><ref>Marcus, L. (Lyndon LaRouche). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718072746/http://wlym.com/PDF-68-76/CAM74BP.pdf |date=July 18, 2011 }}, ''The Campaigner'', Vol 6, Nos. 3–4; September/October 1973.</ref> ''The New York Times'' wrote that the first such session{{snd}}which LaRouche called "ego-stripping"{{snd}}involved a German member, Konstantin George, in the summer of 1973. LaRouche said that during the session he discovered that a plot to assassinate him had been implanted in George's mind.<ref name=MontgomeryWitt/>
*For the police investigation, see and .
*Also see {{harvnb|Tourish|Wohlforth|2000}}, pp. 74–75.</ref>


He recorded sessions with a 26-year-old British member, Chris White, who had moved to England with LaRouche's former partner, Carol Schnitzer. In December 1973 LaRouche asked the couple to return to the U.S. His followers sent tapes of the subsequent sessions with White to ''The New York Times'' as evidence of an assassination plot. According to the ''Times'', "here are sounds of weeping, and vomiting on the tapes, and Mr. White complains of being deprived of sleep, food and cigarettes. At one point someone says 'raise the voltage', but says this was associated with the bright lights used in the questioning rather than an electric shock." The ''Times'' wrote: "Mr. White complains of a terrible pain in his arm, then LaRouche can be heard saying, 'That's not real. That's in the program'." LaRouche told the newspaper White had been "reduced to an eight-cycle infinite loop with look-up table, with homosexual bestiality". He said White had not been harmed and that a physician{{snd}}a LaRouche movement member{{snd}}had been present throughout.<ref name=MontgomeryWitt> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318073137/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1974/01/20/93255116.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false |date=March 18, 2020 }}, p. 51, column 5.</ref><ref>Also see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103174644/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46883-2004Oct20_3.html |date=November 3, 2012 }}.</ref> White ended up telling LaRouche he had been programmed by the CIA and British intelligence to set up LaRouche for assassination by Cuban exile frogmen.<ref name=Tourish2000p74>{{harvnb|Tourish|Wohlforth|2000|p=74}}.</ref>
===1974: Contacts with far right groups, intelligence gathering===


According to ''The Washington Post'', "brainwashing hysteria" took hold of the movement. One activist said he attended meetings where members were writhing on the floor saying they needed de-programming.<ref name=Witt2004p3/> In two weeks in January 1974, the group issued 41 separate press releases about brainwashing. One activist, Alice Weitzman, expressed skepticism about the claims.<ref>For the Weitzman details, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318073137/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1974/01/20/93255116.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false |date=March 18, 2020 }}, p. 1; for 41 press releases about brainwashing, see p. 51, column 2.
LaRouche established contacts with ]'s ] and elements of the ] in 1974.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1989}}</br>*</br>*{{cite news|first=PETER |last=SPIRO|title=PARANOID POLITICS: Your tax dollars at work.|pages=10–12|work=The New Republic|date=February 6, 1984}}</br>*{{cite book|editor-last=Chanes|editor-first=Jerome A.|title=Antisemitism in America today: outspoken experts explode the myths|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jcxtAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=February 16, 2012|date=June 1995|publisher=Carol Pub. Group|isbn=978-1-55972-290-2|page=192}}</br>*{{cite book|last=Michael|first=George|title=Willis Carto and the American far right|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=W_ETAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=February 16, 2012|year=2008|publisher=University Press of Florida|isbn=978-0-8130-3198-9|pages=110–111}}</br>{{cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Neil A.|title=Rebels and renegades: a chronology of social and political dissent in the United States|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jZymqT1HmqAC|accessdate=February 16, 2012|year=2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93639-2|page=283}}</ref> ] and ] wrote that he made successful overtures to the Liberty Lobby and ]'s ], adding that the "racist" policies of LaRouche's U.S. Labor Party endeared it to members of the Ku Klux Klan.<ref>{{harvnb|Donner|Randall|1980}}</ref> ], in ''Willis Carto and the American Far Right'', says that LaRouche shared with the Liberty Lobby's ] an antipathy towards the ].<ref name=Michael>{{Harvnb|Michael|2008|pp=110–111}}</ref> The Liberty Lobby defended its alliance with LaRouche by saying the U.S. Labor Party had been able to "confuse, disorient, and disunify the Left".<ref name=Michael/>
* For the police investigation, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722100201/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/24/archives/trial-date-is-set-for-6-radicals-accused-of-kidnapping-woman.html?sq=Trial+Date+Is+Set+for+6+Radicals+Accused+of+Kidnapping+Woman&scp=1&st=p |date=July 22, 2018 }} and {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722100649/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/02/27/archives/6-marxists-here-absolved-of-imprisoning-a-member.html?scp=1 |date=July 22, 2018 }}.
* Also see {{harvnb|Tourish|Wohlforth|2000}}, pp. 74–75.</ref>


===1974: Contacts with far-right groups, intelligence gathering===
Gregory Rose, a former chief of counter-intelligence for LaRouche who became an FBI informant in 1973, said that while the LaRouche movement had extensive links to the Liberty Lobby, there was also copious evidence of a connection to the ]. George and Wilcox say neither connection amounted to much – they assert that LaRouche was "definitely not a Soviet agent" and state that while the contact with the Liberty Lobby is often used to imply {{"'}}links' and 'ties' between LaRouche and the extreme right", it was in fact transient and marked by mutual suspicion. The Liberty Lobby soon pronounced itself disillusioned with LaRouche, citing his movement's adherence to "basic socialist positions" and his softness on "the major Zionist groups" as fundamental points of difference. According to George and Wilcox, American neo-Nazi leaders expressed misgivings over the number of Jews and members of other minority groups in his organization, and did not consider LaRouche an ally.<ref>For Gregory Rose's position, see Johnson 1983, p. 204.
LaRouche established contacts with ]'s ] and elements of the ] in 1974.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1989}}<br />{{*}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308142334/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-31-me-8256-story.html |date=March 8, 2021 }}<br />{{*}}{{cite magazine|last=Spiro|first=Peter|title=Paranoid Politics: Your tax dollars at work.|pages=10–12|magazine=The New Republic|date=February 6, 1984}}<br />{{*}}{{cite book|editor-last=Chanes|editor-first=Jerome A.|title=Antisemitism in America today: outspoken experts explode the myths|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jcxtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=February 16, 2012|date= 1995|publisher=Carol Pub. Group|isbn=978-1559722902|page=192|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108081941/http://books.google.com/books?id=jcxtAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=November 8, 2013|url-status=live}}<br />{{*}}{{harvnb|Michael|2008|pp=110–111}}<br />{{*}}{{cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Neil A.|title=Rebels and renegades: a chronology of social and political dissent in the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jZymqT1HmqAC|access-date=February 16, 2012|year=2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0415936392|page=283|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108113951/http://books.google.com/books?id=jZymqT1HmqAC|archive-date=November 8, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> ] and ] wrote that he made successful overtures to the Liberty Lobby and ]'s ], adding that the "racist" policies of LaRouche's U.S. Labor Party endeared it to members of the Ku Klux Klan.<ref>{{harvnb|Donner|Rothenberg|1980}}</ref> ], in ''Willis Carto and the American Far Right'', says that LaRouche shared with the Liberty Lobby's ] an antipathy towards the ].<ref name=Michael>{{Harvnb|Michael|2008|pp=110–111}}</ref> The Liberty Lobby defended its alliance with LaRouche by saying the U.S. Labor Party had been able to "confuse, disorient, and disunify the Left".<ref name=Michael/>
*{{harvnb|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=317–318, 322}}.</ref> Johnson, in ''Architects of Fear'', similarly states that LaRouche's overtures to far right groups were pragmatic rather than sincere; a 1975 party memo spoke of uniting with these groups only to overthrow the established order, adding that once that goal had been accomplished, "eliminating our right-wing opposition will be comparatively easy."<ref>Johnson 1983, p. 207.</ref>


Gregory Rose, a former chief of counter-intelligence for LaRouche who became an FBI informant in 1973, said that while the LaRouche movement had extensive links to the Liberty Lobby, there was also copious evidence of a connection to the ]. George and Wilcox say neither connection amounted to much{{snd}}they assert that LaRouche was "definitely not a Soviet agent" and state that while the contact with the Liberty Lobby is often used to imply {{"'}}links' and 'ties' between LaRouche and the extreme right", it was in fact transient and marked by mutual suspicion. The Liberty Lobby soon pronounced itself disillusioned with LaRouche, citing his movement's adherence to "basic socialist positions" and his softness on "the major ] groups" as fundamental points of difference. According to George and Wilcox, American ] leaders expressed misgivings over the number of Jews and members of other minority groups in his organization, and did not consider LaRouche an ally.<ref>For Gregory Rose's position, see Johnson 1983, p. 204.
Howard Blum wrote in ''The New York Times'' that, from 1976 onwards, party members sent reports to the FBI and local police on members of left-wing organizations. In 1977, he wrote, commercial reports on U.S. anti-apartheid groups were prepared by LaRouche members for the South African government; student dissidents were reported to the Shah of Iran's ] secret police; and the anti-nuclear movement was investigated on behalf of power companies. Johnson says the intelligence network was made up of "obnoxious devotees commandeering ]s and tricking bureaucrats into giving them information".<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1989}}</ref> By the late 1970s, members were exchanging almost daily information with ], a government informant and infiltrator of both far right and far left groups who was involved with the ] and the ].<ref>{{harvnb|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=319–320}}.</ref><ref>, {{harvnb|Shenon|1986}}, and {{harvnb|Sims|1996}}, p. 63.</ref>
* {{harvnb|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=317–318, 322}}.</ref> George Johnson, in ''Architects of Fear'', similarly states that LaRouche's overtures to far right groups were pragmatic rather than sincere. A 1975 party memo spoke of uniting with these groups only to overthrow the established order, adding that once that goal had been accomplished, "eliminating our right-wing opposition will be comparatively easy".<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1983}}, p. 207.</ref>
The LaRouche organization believed Frankhouser to be a federal agent who had been assigned to infiltrate right-wing and left-wing groups, and that he had evidence that these groups were actually being manipulated or controlled by the FBI and other agencies.<ref></ref>
<ref>"The Busing Plot: CIA Plans Fall Race Riots, Organizes Both Sides", EIR, July 8, 1974</ref> LaRouche and his associates considered Frankhouser to be a valuable intelligence contact, and took his links to extremist groups to be a cover for his intelligence work.<ref>{{harvnb|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=319–320}}, {{harvnb|King|1989|p=201}}, .</ref> Frankhouser played into these expectations, misrepresenting himself as a conduit for communications to LaRouche from "Mr. Ed", an alleged CIA contact, who did not exist.<ref>{{harvnb|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=319–320}}, {{harvnb|King|1989|p=201}}.</ref>


] wrote in ''The New York Times'' that, from 1976 onward, party members sent reports to the FBI and local police regarding members of left-wing organizations. In 1977, he wrote, commercial reports on U.S. anti-apartheid groups were prepared by LaRouche members for the South African government, student dissidents were reported to the Shah of Iran's ] secret police, and the anti-nuclear movement was investigated on behalf of power companies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kilgore|first=Ed|date=2019-02-13|title=Political Cult Leader Lyndon LaRouche Dies at 96|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/02/political-cult-leader-lyndon-larouche-dies-at-96.html|access-date=2021-08-13|website=Intelligencer|language=en-us|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042317/http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/02/political-cult-leader-lyndon-larouche-dies-at-96.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Johnson says the intelligence network was made up of "obnoxious devotees commandeering ]s and tricking bureaucrats into giving them information".<ref name="Johnson1989">{{harvnb|Johnson|1989}}</ref> By the late 1970s, members were exchanging almost daily information with ], a government informant and infiltrator of both far right and far left groups who was involved with the ] and the ].<ref name="Wilcox-1992-pp319-320"/><ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Montgomery|first1=Paul L.|last2=Blum|first2=Howard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/07/archives/us-labor-party-cult-surrounded-by-controversy-the-us-labor-party.html|title=U.S. Labor Party: Cult Surrounded by Controversy|work=The New York Times|date=October 7, 1979|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807013922/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9802E7DB1438E432A25754C0A9669D946890D6CF|archive-date=August 7, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Shenon|1986}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Sims|1996}}, p. 63.</ref> The LaRouche organization believed Frankhouser to be a federal agent who had been assigned to infiltrate right-wing and left-wing groups, and that he had evidence that these groups were actually being manipulated or controlled by the FBI and other agencies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://larouchepub.com/eiw/public/1975/eirv02n32-19750723/eirv02n32-19750723_009-leaa_gestapo_operations_in_readi.pdf|title=LEAA Gestapo Operations in Reading, Pa.|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314060337/http://www.larouchepub.com/eiw/public/1975/eirv02n32-19750723/eirv02n32-19750723_009-leaa_gestapo_operations_in_readi.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"The Busing Plot: CIA Plans Fall Race Riots, Organizes Both Sides" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314051439/http://www.larouchepub.com/eiw/public/1974/eirv01n10-19740708/eirv01n10-19740708_016-the_busing_plot_cia_plans_fall_r.pdf|date=March 14, 2017}}, EIR, July 8, 1974</ref> LaRouche and his associates considered Frankhouser to be a valuable intelligence contact, and took his links to extremist groups to be a cover for his intelligence work.<ref name="Wilcox-1992-pp319-320">{{harvnb|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=319–320}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|p=201}}</ref><ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979"/> Frankhouser played into these expectations, misrepresenting himself as a conduit for communications to LaRouche from "Mr. Ed", an alleged CIA contact who did not exist in reality.<ref name="Wilcox-1992-pp319-320"/><ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|p=201}}.</ref>
Blum wrote that, at around this time, LaRouche's Computron Technologies Corporation included Mobil Oil and Citibank among its clients; that his World Composition Services had one of the most advanced typesetting complexes in the city and had the Ford Foundation among its clients; and that his PMR Associates produced the party's publications and some high school newspapers.<ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979">.</ref>


Blum wrote, at around this time, that LaRouche's Computron Technologies Corporation included Mobil Oil and Citibank among its clients, that his World Composition Services had one of the most advanced typesetting complexes in the city and had the ] among its clients, and that his PMR Associates produced the party's publications and some high school newspapers.<ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528151549/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1979/10/07/112124074.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false |date=May 28, 2022 }}.</ref>
Around the same time, according to Blum, LaRouche was telling his membership several times a year that he was being targeted for assassination, including by the Queen of the United Kingdom, Zionist mobsters, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Justice Department, and the Mossad.<ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979"/> LaRouche sued the City of New York in 1974, saying that CIA and British spies had brainwashed his associates into killing him.<ref>"LaRouche Filings: Plots, Spies; Judges Tomorrow to Sift Myriad Motions Filed by Corps of Lawyers", John Mintz, ''Washington Post'', May 17, 1987</ref> He has repeatedly asserted that he is a target for assassination. According to the ''Patriot-News'' of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, LaRouche said he had been "threatened by Communists, Zionists, narcotics gangsters, the Rockefellers and international terrorists."<ref>"Federal Probe Pins Top Aides of LaRouche", Philip Shenon, ''Patriot{{spaced ndash}}News'', October 7, 1986</ref> LaRouche later said that,
<blockquote>Since late 1973, I have been repeatedly the target of serious assassination threats and my wife has been three times the target of attempted assassination...My enemies are the circles of McGeorge Bundy, Henry Kissinger, Soviet President Yuri Andropov, W. Averell Harriman, certain powerful bankers, and the Socialist and Nazi Internationals, as well as international drug traffickers, Colonel Gadaffi, Ayatollah Khomaini and the Malthusian lobby."<ref>"Oddball tycoon wins some battles", John King, '']'', January 26, 1984</ref> </blockquote>


Around the same time, according to Blum, LaRouche was telling his membership several times a year that he was being targeted for assassination, including by the ], Zionist mobsters, the ], the Justice Department, and the ].<ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979"/> LaRouche sued the City of New York in 1974, saying the CIA and British spies had tortured and drugged his associates to brainwash his associates into killing him.<ref name=":5">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/05/17/larouche-filings-plots-spies/8c26cef7-bdbc-4b27-88fa-3b491451934a/|title=LaRouche Filings: Plots, Spies|last=Mintz|first=John|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=May 17, 1987|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-date=May 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528151557/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/05/17/larouche-filings-plots-spies/8c26cef7-bdbc-4b27-88fa-3b491451934a/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to '']'' of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, LaRouche said he had been "threatened by Communists, Zionists, narcotics gangsters, the Rockefellers and international terrorists."<ref>"Federal Probe Pins Top Aides of LaRouche", Philip Shenon, ''Patriot&nbsp;– News'', October 7, 1986</ref> LaRouche later said:
===1975–1976: Presidential campaign===
{{See|Lyndon LaRouche U.S. Presidential campaigns|Views of Lyndon LaRouche#Campaign platforms}}
], FBI Director, called the NCLC a "violence-oriented organization."<ref name=Rosenfeld1976/>]]
In March 1975 ], director of the FBI, testified before the House Appropriations Committee that LaRouche's NCLC was "a violence-oriented organization of 'revolutionary socialists' with a membership of nearly 1,000 in chapters in some 50 cities." He said that during the previous two years its members had been "involved in fights, beatings, using drugs, kidnappings, brainwashings, and at least one shooting. They are reported to be armed, to have received defensive training such as karate, and to attend cadre schools and training schools to learn military tactics."<ref name=Rosenfeld1976>.
*For Clarence Kelley's statement, see , Committee on Foreign Relations, January 25, 1977, p. 49.</ref>


{{Quote|style=font-size:100%;|text=Since late 1973, I have been repeatedly the target of serious assassination threats and my wife has been three times the target of attempted assassination. ...&nbsp;My enemies are the circles of McGeorge Bundy, Henry Kissinger, Soviet General Secretary ], ], certain powerful bankers, and the Socialist and Nazi Internationals, as well as international drug traffickers, ], ], and the ] lobby.<ref>"Oddball tycoon wins some battles", John King, '']'', January 26, 1984</ref>}}
In 1975, under the name ''Lyn Marcus'', LaRouche published '']'', called his "magnum opus" by one observer and described by its only reviewer as "the most peculiar and idiosyncratic" introduction to economics he had ever seen. Mixing economics, history, anthropology, sociology and a surprisingly large helping of ], the work argued that most prominent Marxists had misunderstood Marx, and that ] economics arose when philosophy took a wrong, ] turn under ] like ] and ].<ref name=HigherEd>McLemee, Scott. , '']'', July 11, 2007</ref><ref name=Bronf>Bronfenbrenner, Martin. , '']'', Vol. 84, No. 1 (Feb., 1976), pp. 123–130</ref>


====1975–1976: presidential campaign====
In 1976, LaRouche campaigned for the first time in a presidential election as a U.S. Labor Party candidate, polling 40,043 votes (0.05 percent). It was the first of eight presidential elections he took part in between 1976 and 2004, which enabled him to attract $5.9 million in federal ]; candidates seeking their party's presidential nomination qualify for matching funds if they raise $5,000 in each of at least 20 states.<ref>.
{{Further|Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns|Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement#LaRouche's campaign platforms}}
*, BBC News, February 22, 2000.
]
*For the number of votes, see , ''Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, Retrieved March 22, 2011.</ref> His platform predicted financial disaster by 1980 accompanied by famine and the virtual extinction of the human race within 15 years, and proposed a debt moratorium; nationalization of banks; government investment in industry especially in the aerospace sector, and an "International Development Bank" to facilitate higher food production.<ref>Dabilis, Andy. "Labor candidates explain platform," ''The Sunday Sun'', (Lowell, Mass), May 30, 1976, p. B5.
], FBI Director, called the NCLC a "violence-oriented organization".<ref name=Rosenfeld1976/>]]
*Also see Johnson, Donald Bruce. ''National Party Platforms: 1960–1976''. Volume 2, University of Illinois Press, 1978, p. 1007.</ref> When ] appeared in the U.S. that year, he said it was a continuation of the ], and that senators who opposed vaccination were suppressing the link as part of a "genocidal policy."<ref>.</ref>
In March 1975, ], director of the FBI, testified before the ] that the NCLC was "a violence-oriented organization of 'revolutionary socialists' with a membership of nearly 1,000 in chapters in some 50 cities". He said that during the previous two years its members had been "involved in fights, beatings, using drugs, kidnappings, brainwashings, and at least one shooting. They are reported to be armed, to have received defensive training such as karate, and to attend cadre schools and training schools to learn military tactics".<ref name=Rosenfeld1976>
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165429/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/120029198.html?dids=120029198:120029198&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Sep+24%2C+1976&author=Stephen+S.+Rosenfeld&pub=The+Washington+Post++%281974-Current+file%29&edition=&startpage=A15&desc=NCLC%3A+%27A+Domestic+Political+Menace%27 |date=November 7, 2012 }}.
* For Clarence Kelley's statement, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://books.google.com/books?id=ktURAAAAIAAJ&q=%22involved+in+fights,+beatings,+using+drugs,+kidnappings,+brainwashings,+and+at+least+one+shooting%22&en&ei=TQZlTfvFA8vSgQfmyc2SBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA |date=October 17, 2015 }}, Committee on Foreign Relations, January 25, 1977, p. 49.
</ref>


In 1975, under the name ''Lyn Marcus'', LaRouche published '']'', described by its only reviewer as "the most peculiar and idiosyncratic" introduction to economics he had ever seen. Mixing economics, history, anthropology, sociology and a surprisingly large helping of ], the work argued that most prominent Marxists had misunderstood Marx, and that ] economics arose when philosophy took a wrong, ] turn under ] like ] and ].<ref name=HigherEd>McLemee, Scott. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417133920/http://www.insidehighered.com/views/mclemee/mclemee132 |date=April 17, 2011 }}, '']'', July 11, 2007</ref><ref name=Bronf>Bronfenbrenner, Martin. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214174501/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1830175 |date=February 14, 2019 }}, '']'', Vol. 84, No. 1 (Feb. 1976), pp. 123–130</ref>
His campaign included a paid half-hour television address, which allowed him to air his views before a national audience, something that became a regular feature of his later campaigns. There were protests about this, and about the involvement of the NCLC in public life generally. Writing in ''The Washington Post'', ] said LaRouche's ideas belonged to the radical right, neo-Nazi fringe, and that his main interests lay in disruption and disinformation; Rosenfeld called the NCLC one of the "chief polluters" of political democracy. Rosenfeld argued that the press should be "chary" of offering them print or air time: "A duplicitous violence-prone group with fascistic proclivities should not be presented to the public, unless there is reason to present it in those terms." LaRouche wrote in 1999 that this comment had "openly declared... a policy of malicious lying" against him.<ref>For Rosenfeld in ''The Washington Post'', see .

*For LaRouche's view of Rosenfeld's article, see , footnote 25.
In 1976, LaRouche campaigned for the first time in a presidential election as a U.S. Labor Party candidate, polling 40,043 votes (0.05%). It was the first of eight consecutive presidential elections in which he ran between 1976 and 2004. It enabled him to attract $5.9 million in federal ]; candidates seeking their party's presidential nomination qualify for matching funds if they raise $5,000 in each of at least 20 states.<ref>
*For another account of the Detroit attack on the SWP, see {{harvnb|Sheppard|2005|p=328}}</ref>
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103174644/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46883-2004Oct20_3.html |date=November 3, 2012 }}.
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321103409/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/americas/2000/us_elections/glossary/e-f/652632.stm |date=March 21, 2012 }}, BBC News, February 22, 2000.
* For the number of votes, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426132914/https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1976 |date=April 26, 2019 }}, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2011, Retrieved March 22, 2011.
</ref> His platform predicted financial disaster by 1980 accompanied by famine and the virtual extinction of the human race within 15 years, and proposed a debt moratorium; nationalization of banks; government investment in industry especially in the aerospace sector, and an "International Development Bank" to facilitate higher food production.<ref>Dabilis, Andy. "Labor candidates explain platform", ''The Sunday Sun'', (Lowell, Mass), May 30, 1976, p. B5.
* Also see Johnson, Donald Bruce. ''National Party Platforms: 1960–1976''. Volume 2, University of Illinois Press, 1978, p. 1007.</ref> When ] appeared in the U.S. that year, he said it was a continuation of the ], and that senators who opposed vaccination were suppressing the link as part of a "genocidal policy".<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216040736/https://newint.org//features/1987/03/05/unclean/ |date=February 16, 2019 }}.</ref>

His campaign included a paid half-hour television address, which allowed him to air his views before a national audience, something that became a regular feature of his later campaigns. There were protests about this, and about the NCLC's involvement in public life generally. Writing in ''The Washington Post'', ] said LaRouche's ideas belonged to the radical right, neo-Nazi fringe, and that his main interests lay in disruption and disinformation; Rosenfeld called the NCLC one of the "chief polluters" of political democracy. Rosenfeld argued that the press should be "chary" of offering them print or airtime: "A duplicitous violence-prone group with fascistic proclivities should not be presented to the public, unless there is reason to present it in those terms." LaRouche wrote in 1999 that this comment had "openly declared&nbsp;... a policy of malicious lying" against him.<ref>
For Rosenfeld in ''The Washington Post'', see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165429/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/120029198.html?dids=120029198:120029198&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Sep+24%2C+1976&author=Stephen+S.+Rosenfeld&pub=The+Washington+Post++%281974-Current+file%29&edition=&startpage=A15&desc=NCLC%3A+%27A+Domestic+Political+Menace%27 |date=November 7, 2012 }}.
* For LaRouche's view of Rosenfeld's article, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109213718/http://larouchepub.com/lar/1999/lar_littleton_2627.html |date=November 9, 2017 }}, footnote 25.
* For another account of the Detroit attack on the SWP, see {{harvnb|Sheppard|2005|p=328}}
</ref>


] in 2005]] ] in 2005]]


===1977: Second marriage=== ====1977: Second marriage====
LaRouche married again in 1977. His new wife, ], was a leading activist in the German branch of the movement. She went on to work closely with LaRouche for the rest of his career, standing for election in Germany in 1980 for his ''Europäische Arbeiterpartei'' (European Workers Party), and founding the ] in Germany in 1984.<ref>For the election, see , ''Der Spiegel'', September 22, 1980; ; . LaRouche married again in 1977. His wife, ], was then a leading activist in the ] branch of the movement. She went on to work closely with LaRouche for the rest of her career, standing for election in Germany in 1980 for his ''Europäische Arbeiterpartei'' (European Workers Party), and founding the ] in Germany in 1984.<ref>For the election, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629054146/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14331971.html |date=June 29, 2011 }}, ''Der Spiegel'', September 22, 1980; {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314044047/http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=14331971&aref=image036%2F2006%2F06%2F16%2Fcq-sp198003901310133.pdf&thumb=false |date=March 14, 2012 }}; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528151550/http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&sl=de&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Fd-14331971.html&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgRk3XatovJKMCgsTRH0xTYM67j5g |date=May 28, 2022 }}.
* For the Schiller Institute, see {{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. xiii, 41.</ref>
*For the Schiller Institute, see {{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. xiii, 41.</ref> Paul Kacprzak, who worked for LaRouche in the 1970s, told ''The Washington Post'' that Zepp had a profound effect on the movement, and that it basically became a German organization. "We'd have classes in German. They'd be teaching German language. We'd be reading German poetry." He said LaRouche sent round a memo that, when he was elected president, his wedding anniversary would be a holiday and all workers would be given a week off.<ref name=Witt2004p3/>


==1980s== ===1980s===
===National Democratic Policy Committee, "October Surprise" theory=== ====National Democratic Policy Committee, "October Surprise" theory====
From the autumn of 1979, the LaRouche movement conducted most of its U.S. electoral activities as the National Democratic Policy Committee (NDPC), a political action committee.<ref>Frank, Lynn. , ''The New York Times'', September 20, 1982. From the autumn of 1979, the LaRouche movement conducted most of its U.S. electoral activities as the National Democratic Policy Committee (NDPC), a political action committee.<ref>
Frank, Lynn. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506075951/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/20/nyregion/klenetsky-opposes-moynihan-with-unusual-list-of-charges.html?scp=1&sq=&st=nyt |date=May 6, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', September 20, 1982.
* Also see Richard, Clay F. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rQwhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XHIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1280,2361605&dq=national-democratic-policy-committee&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}, UPI, March 27, 1986.
*Also see Richard, Clay F. , UPI, March 27, 1986.</ref> The name drew complaints from the Democratic Party's ]. Democratic Party leaders refused to recognize LaRouche as a party member, or to seat the few delegates he received in his seven primary campaigns as a Democrat.<ref>{{harvnb|Bradley|2004}}.</ref> His campaign platforms included a return to the ], including a gold-based national and world monetary system; fixed exchange rates; and ending the ].<ref>Benshoff, Anastasia. "Bush and Clinton aren't the only candidates in presidential race," Associated Press, August 27, 1992.</ref> He supported the replacement of the ] system, including the U.S. ], with a ];<ref>{{harvnb|Tipton|1986}}.</ref> a war on drug trafficking and prosecution of banks involved in money laundering;<ref>.</ref> building a ]; the building of nuclear power plants; and a crash program to build ]s and lasers, including support for elements of the ] (SDI). He opposed the Soviet Union and supported a military build-up to prepare for imminent war; supported the screening and quarantine of AIDS patients; and opposed environmentalism, deregulation, outcome-based education, and abortion.<ref>, ''Chicago Sun–Times'', March 20, 1986, p. 4.</ref>
</ref> The name drew complaints from the Democratic Party's ]. Democratic Party leaders refused to recognize LaRouche as a party member, or to seat the few delegates he received in his seven primary campaigns as a Democrat.<ref>{{harvnb|Bradley|2004}}.</ref> In its 2019 obituary of LaRouche, '']'' magazine reported that LaRouche's attempts to pose as a Democrat were originally an attempt at a spoiler operation to divide the opponents of ].<ref name="NYM20190213">{{cite news|last=Kilgore|first=Ed|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/02/political-cult-leader-lyndon-larouche-dies-at-96.html|title=Political Cult Leader Lyndon LaRouche Dies at 96|work=]|date=February 13, 2019|access-date=March 28, 2021|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042317/http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/02/political-cult-leader-lyndon-larouche-dies-at-96.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


LaRouche's campaign platforms advocated a return to the ], including a gold-based national and world monetary system; fixed exchange rates; and abolishing the ].<ref>Benshoff, Anastasia. "Bush and Clinton aren't the only candidates in presidential race," Associated Press, August 27, 1992.</ref> He supported the replacement of the ] system, including the U.S. ] System, with a "national bank";<ref>{{harvnb|Tipton|1986}}.</ref> a war on drug trafficking and prosecution of banks involved in money laundering;<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165409/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/685443211.html?dids=685443211:685443211&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+26%2C+1980&author=&pub=Boston+Globe+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=ON+THE+LYNDON+LAROUCHE+CAMPAIGN&pqatl=google |date=November 7, 2012 }}.</ref> building a ]; the building of nuclear power plants; and a crash program to build ]s and lasers, including support for elements of the ] (SDI). He opposed the Soviet Union and supported a military buildup to prepare for imminent war; supported the screening and quarantine of ] patients; and opposed environmentalism, deregulation, outcome-based education, and abortion:<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024164646/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB36CF805E74BFE&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |date=October 24, 2012 }}, ''Chicago Sun-Times'', March 20, 1986, p. 4.</ref>
In December 1980, LaRouche and his followers started what came to be known as the "]" allegation{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}, namely that in October 1980 Ronald Reagan's campaign staff conspired with the Iranian government during the ] to delay the release of 52 American hostages held in Iran, with the aim of helping Reagan win the ] against ]. The Iranians had agreed to this, according to the theory, in exchange for future weapons sales from the Reagan administration. The first publication of the story was in LaRouche's ''Executive Intelligence Review'' on December 2, 1980, followed by his ''New Solidarity'' on September 2, 1983, alleging that ], one of LaRouche's regular targets, had met Iran's Ayatollah Beheshti in Paris, according to Iranian sources in Paris. Although ultimately discredited, the story was widely discussed in conspiracy circles during the 1980s and 1990s.<ref>For the first publication in EIR, see .
*For more information about the theory, see , and .</ref>


{{Quote |style=font-size: 100%; |text=No more will the United States fight World Wars to save the ] in any shape or guise. No more will the United States tolerate the British system, whether colonial or ]. No more will the United States tolerate the economics of ] in any part of the world. We are going to take this aching, poor, hungry world and we're going to transform it with American methods. We're going to transform it through the export and development of high technology, we're going to have ]s and ] projects and every '']'', Federally-directed, scientific crazed program that we deem necessary.|author=Lyndon LaRouche|title=at the opening of the ], 1979}}
===Meetings with world leaders, involvement in Latin America, ''Operation Juárez'' ===
In 1982, LaRouche had private meetings with Indian Prime Minister ], maintaining frequent contact until her assassination in October 1984. His movement engaged in intensive outreach work in Latin America, producing research papers and gaining access to top government officials, including Peruvian President ]. LaRouche met with Mexican president ]. George Johnson writes that LaRouche warned Portillo about attempts by international bankers to wreck the Mexican economy, meeting him under the auspices of LaRouche's National Democratic Policy Committee. LaRouche advised him to suspend payment of the debt, implement ] and nationalize the banks.<ref>Rodriguez, Martin, , ''Noticias Urbanas'', December 5, 2008</ref> Both the American Embassy and the Democratic Party issued disclaimers; a Mexican official told ''The New York Times'' that LaRouche had arranged the meeting by representing himself as a Democratic Party official.<ref>For Johnson, LaRouche's warning to Portillo, the National Democratic Policy Committee, and the disclaimers, see Johnson, George. ''Architects of Fear: Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia in American Politics''. Tarcher, 1983, p. 208.
*For the statement from the Mexican official to ''The New York Times'', see Toner, Robin. , ''The New York Times'', April 4, 1986.</ref> In 1982 he authored ''Operation Juárez'', described by Dennis King as "a brilliant call to arms against the International Monetary Fund austerity programs." The ] (IMF) was the focus of widespread popular resentment throughout Latin America, and LaRouche acquired a reputation as a serious economist in Latin America, according to King. King wrote that ] developed "his own version of Operation Juárez."<ref>For the meetings, see Mintz, John. , ''The Washington Post'', January 15, 1985
*That LaRouche kept in touch with Gandhi, see Singh, Jasjit. , Lancer Publishers in association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 1992, p. 84.
*For Operation Juárez and Latin America, see {{harvnb|King|1989|p=51}}.
</ref>


In December 1980, LaRouche and his followers started what came to be known as the "]" allegation,<ref name="Newsweek; November 10, 1991">{{cite news |last=Barry |first=John |date=November 10, 1991 |title=Making Of A Myth |url=https://www.newsweek.com/making-myth-201934 |newspaper=Newsweek |access-date=April 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313144428/http://www.newsweek.com/making-myth-201934 |archive-date=March 13, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> namely that in October 1980 Ronald Reagan's campaign staff conspired with the Iranian government during the ] to delay the release of 52 American hostages held in Iran, with the aim of helping Reagan win the ] against ]. The Iranians had agreed to this, according to the theory, in exchange for future weapons sales from the Reagan administration. The first publication of the story was in LaRouche's ''Executive Intelligence Review'' on December 2, 1980, followed by his ''New Solidarity'' on September 2, 1983, alleging that ], one of LaRouche's regular targets, had met Iran's Ayatollah ] in Paris, according to Iranian sources in Paris. The theory was later echoed by former Iranian President ] and former Naval intelligence officer and National Security Council member ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/07/world/bani-sadr-in-us-renews-charges-of-1980-deal.html|title=Bani-Sadr, in U.S., Renews Charges of 1980 Deal|date=May 7, 1991|newspaper=The New York Times|last1=Lewis|first1=Neil A.|access-date=February 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423081211/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/07/world/bani-sadr-in-us-renews-charges-of-1980-deal.html|archive-date=April 23, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1984 LaRouche visited Argentina, at which time he met with Argentine's president ] as well as several Peronist members of congress. LaRouche had supported Argentina during the 1982 ], denouncing the Reagan administration for violating the ] by its support of Great Britain.<ref>Rodriguez, Martin, , ''Noticias Urbanas'', December 5, 2008</ref>


====1983: Move from New York to Loudoun County====
Mexican journalist Sergio Sarmiento wrote in the ''Wall Street Journal'' in 1989 that LaRouche's Labor Party in Mexico produced a pamphlet entitled "a vote for the National Action Party (PAN) is a vote for Nazism." When leaders of the Mexico Oil Workers' Union were jailed, LaRouche said the union had been attacked by the Anglo-American Liberal Establishment. According to Jose I. Blandon, an adviser to former Panamanian President ], LaRouche had ties to Noriega, and according to Sarmiento, LaRouche members supported Peruvian President ].<ref>Sarmiento, Sergio. "Lyndon LaRouche's Latin American Connection," ''The Wall Street Journal'', September 1, 1989.</ref>
''The Washington Post'' wrote that LaRouche and his wife moved in August 1983 from New York to a 13-room Georgian mansion on a 250-acre section of the ], near ], ], ]. The property was owned at the time by a company registered in Switzerland. Companies associated with LaRouche continued to buy property in the area, including part of Leesburg's industrial park, purchased by LaRouche's Lafayette/Leesburg Ltd. Partnership to develop a printing plant and office complex.<ref name=MintzJan131985/>


Neighbors said they saw LaRouche guards in camouflage clothes carrying semi-automatic weapons, and the ''Post'' wrote that the house had sandbag-buttressed guard posts nearby, along with metal spikes in the driveway and concrete barriers on the road. One of his aides said LaRouche was safer in Loudoun County: "The terrorist organizations which have targeted Mr. LaRouche do not have bases of operations in Virginia." LaRouche said his new home meant a shorter commute to Washington. A former associate said the move also meant his members would be more isolated from friends and family than they had been in New York.<ref name=MintzJan131985> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817102329/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/larou3.htm |date=August 17, 2017 }}.</ref> According to the ''Post'' in 2004, local people who opposed him for any reason were accused in LaRouche publications of being communists, homosexuals, drug pushers, and terrorists. He reportedly accused the Leesburg Garden Club of being a nest of Soviet sympathizers, and a local lawyer who opposed LaRouche on a zoning matter went into hiding after threatening phone calls and a death threat.<ref name=Witt2004p3/> In leaflets supporting his application of concealed weapons permits for his bodyguards in Leesburg, Virginia, he wrote:
LaRouche also met Turkish Prime Minister ] in 1987; according to the ''San Francisco Chronicle'', Özal reprimanded his aides who had mistaken LaRouche for the Democratic Presidential candidate.<ref>For Özal reprimanding his aides, see , ''Chicago Tribune'', July 31, 1987.</ref>


{{Quote |style=font-size: 100%; |text=I have a major personal security problem&nbsp;... the assassination teams of professional mercenaries now being trained in Canada and along the Mexico border may be expected to start arriving on the streets of Leesburg&nbsp;... If they come, there will be many people dead or mutilated within as short an interval as 60 seconds of fire.<ref>"Man who calls Queen a pusher worries town", Matthew Wald. ''Gazette''. Montreal, Quebec April 14, 1986</ref>}}
===1983: Move from New York to Loudoun County===
''The Washington Post'' wrote that LaRouche and his wife moved in August 1983 from New York to a 13-room Georgian mansion on a 250-acre section of the ], near Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia. The property was owned at the time by a company registered in Switzerland. Companies associated with LaRouche continued to buy property in the area, including part of Leesburg's industrial park, purchased by LaRouche's Lafayette/Leesburg Ltd. Partnership to develop a printing plant and office complex.<ref name=MintzJan131985/>


Of LaRouche's paramilitary security force, armed with semi-automatic weapons,<ref>"1986 Authorities See Pattern of Threats, Plots Dark Side of LaRouche Empire Surfaces", Kevin Roderick, '']'', October 14, 1986</ref> a spokesperson said that it was necessary because LaRouche was the subject of "assassination conspiracies".<ref>"CBS Sells Time To Fringe Candidate For Talk", Petter Kerr, '']'' January 22, 1984</ref>
Neighbors said they saw LaRouche guards in camouflage clothes carrying semi-automatic weapons, and the ''Post'' wrote that the house had sandbag-buttressed guard posts nearby, along with metal spikes in the driveway and concrete barriers on the road. One of his aides said LaRouche was safer in Loudoun County: "The terrorist organizations which have targeted Mr. LaRouche do not have bases of operations in Virginia." LaRouche said his new home meant a shorter commute to Washington. A former associate said the move also meant his members would be more isolated from friends and family than they had been in New York.<ref name=MintzJan131985>.</ref> According to the ''Post'' in 2004, local people who opposed him for any reason were accused in LaRouche publications of being commies, homosexual, drug pushers, and terrorists. He reportedly accused the Leesburg Garden Club of being a nest of Soviet sympathizers, and a local lawyer who opposed LaRouche on a zoning matter went into hiding after threatening phone calls and a death threat.<ref name=Witt2004p3/> In leaflets supporting his application of concealed weapons permits for his bodyguards in ], he wrote:
]
<blockquote>I have a major personal security problem... the assassination teams of professional mercenaries now being trained in Canada and along the Mexico border may be expected to start arriving on the streets of Leesburg...If they come, there will be many people dead or mutilated within as short an interval as 60 seconds of fire."<ref>"Man who calls Queen a pusher worries town", Matthew Wald. ''Gazette''. Montreal, Quebec April 14, 1986</ref></blockquote>
Regarding LaRouche's paramilitary security force, armed with semi-automatic weapons,<ref>"1986 Authorities See Pattern of Threats, Plots Dark Side of LaRouche Empire Surfaces", Kevin Roderick, , '']'', October 14, 1986</ref> a spokesperson said that they were necessary because LaRouche was the subject of "assassination conspiracies".<ref>"CBS Sells Time To Fringe Candidate For Talk", Petter Kerr, '']'' January 22, 1984</ref>


===1984: Schiller Institute, television spots, contact with Reagan administration=== ====1984: Schiller Institute, television spots, contact with Reagan administration====
{{See|Schiller Institute}} {{Further|Schiller Institute}}
Helga Zepp-LaRouche founded the Schiller Institute in Germany in 1984.<ref>.</ref> In the same year, LaRouche was able to raise enough money to purchase 14 television spots, at a cost of $330,000 each, in which he called ]—the Democratic Party's Presidential candidate—a Soviet agent of influence, triggering over 1,000 telephone complaints.<ref>For the cost of the spots, see {{harvnb|Lowther|1986}}. Helga Zepp-LaRouche founded the Schiller Institute in Germany in 1984.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122012441/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/29/world/state-dept-official-s-speech-is-interrupted-by-a-rightist.html |date=November 22, 2017 }}.</ref> In the same year, LaRouche raised enough money to purchase 14 television spots, at $330,000 each, in which he called ]—the Democratic Party's presidential nominee—a Soviet agent of influence, triggering over 1,000 telephone complaints.<ref>
For the cost of the spots, see {{harvnb|Lowther|1986}}.
*For Mondale, see . * For Mondale, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105072257/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/10/world/americas/10iht-10buy.16836896.html |date=January 5, 2016 }}.
*For the 1,000 complaints, see . * For the 1,000 complaints, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165127/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/674450182.html?dids=674450182:674450182&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+24%2C+1984&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=TV+Viewers+Irate+Over+Slur+at+Mondale&pqatl=google |date=November 7, 2012 }}.
*For his allegations about Henry Kissinger, see , PR Newswire, March 26, 1984.</ref> On April 19, 1986, NBC's ''Saturday Night Live'' aired a sketch satirizing the ads, portraying the Queen of the United Kingdom and Henry Kissinger as drug dealers. LaRouche received 78,773 votes in the 1984 presidential election.<ref>For Saturday Night Live, see . * For his allegations about Henry Kissinger, see {{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, PR Newswire, March 26, 1984.
</ref> On April 19, 1986, NBC's '']'' aired a sketch satirizing the ads, portraying the Queen of the United Kingdom and Henry Kissinger as drug dealers. LaRouche received 78,773 votes in the 1984 presidential election.<ref>For Saturday Night Live, see .
*For the number of votes, see , ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref> * For the number of votes, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404084849/https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1984 |date=April 4, 2019 }}, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref>


In 1984, media reports stated that LaRouche and his aides had met Reagan administration officials, including Norman Bailey, senior director of international economic affairs for the National Security Council (NSC), and Richard Morris, special assistant to ] There were also reported contacts with the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the CIA. The LaRouche campaign said the reporting was full of errors.<ref>For Bailey and Morris meetings, and for LaRouche saying the report was mistaken, see , ''Philadelphia Daily News'', November 1, 1984. In 1984, media reports stated that LaRouche and his aides had met Reagan administration officials, including Norman Bailey, senior director of international economic affairs for the National Security Council (NSC), and Richard Morris, special assistant to ] There were also reported contacts with the ], the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the CIA. The LaRouche campaign said the reporting was full of errors.<ref>
For Bailey and Morris meetings, and for LaRouche saying the report was mistaken, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106191658/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DN&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI%7CDN&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB2972D3AF2D413&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |date=November 6, 2018 }}, ''Philadelphia Daily News'', November 1, 1984.
*For DEA, DIA, and CIA, see {{harvnb|Green|1985}}.</ref> In 1984 two Pentagon officials spoke at a LaRouche rally in Virginia; a Defense Department spokesman said the Pentagon viewed LaRouche's group as a "conservative group ... very supportive of the administration." White House spokesman ] said the Administration was "glad to talk to" any American citizen who might have information.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|pp=132–133}}. * For DEA, DIA, and CIA, see {{harvnb|Green|1985}}.
</ref> In 1984 two Pentagon officials spoke at a LaRouche rally in Virginia; a Defense Department spokesman said the Pentagon viewed LaRouche's group as a "conservative group&nbsp;... very supportive of the administration." White House spokesman ] said the Administration was "glad to talk to" any American citizen who might have information.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|pp=132–133}}.
*.</ref> According to Bailey, the contacts were broken off when they became public.<ref name=Mintz85>{{harvnb|Mintz|1985}}.</ref> Three years later, LaRouche blamed his criminal indictment on the NSC, saying he had been in conflict with ] over LaRouche's opposition to the Nicaraguan ].<ref>{{harvnb|St. Petersburg Times|1987}}</ref> According to a LaRouche publication, a court-ordered search of North's files produced a May 1986 telex from ] defendant General ], discussing the gathering of information to be used against LaRouche.<ref>, Associated Press, April 7, 1988. * .</ref> According to Bailey, the contacts were broken off when they became public.<ref>{{harvnb|Mintz|1985b}}.</ref> Three years later, LaRouche blamed his criminal indictment on the NSC, saying he had been in conflict with ] over LaRouche's opposition to the Nicaraguan ].<ref>{{harvnb|St. Petersburg Times|1987}}</ref> According to a LaRouche publication, a court-ordered search of North's files produced a May 1986 telex from ] defendant General ], discussing the gathering of information to be used against LaRouche.<ref>
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506080705/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/07/us/larouche-lawyers-seek-north-s-notebooks.html |date=May 6, 2016 }}, Associated Press, April 7, 1988.
*, ''Executive Intelligence Review'', October 12, 2008.</ref> King states that LaRouche's ''Executive Intelligence Review'' was the first to report on important details of the Iran–Contra affair, predicting that a major scandal was about to break months before mainstream media picked up on the story.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|p=161}}.</ref> * {{cite web |url=https://larouchepub.com/exon/exon_add4_virginia.html |title=It's Time for Truth-In-Justice in Virginia: The LaRouche Cases in Virginia |access-date=September 18, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114022738/https://larouchepub.com/exon/exon_add4_virginia.html |archive-date=November 14, 2007 }}, ''Executive Intelligence Review'', October 12, 2008.
</ref> According to King, LaRouche's ''Executive Intelligence Review'' was the first to report important details of the Iran–Contra affair, predicting that a major scandal was about to break months before mainstream media picked up on the story.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|p=161}}.</ref>


===Strategic Defense Initiative=== ====Strategic Defense Initiative====
{{main|Fusion Energy Foundation}} {{Main|Fusion Energy Foundation}}
], which housed the ] in the 1980s.]] ], which housed the ] in the 1980s.]]
The LaRouche campaign supported Reagan's ] (SDI). Dennis King wrote that LaRouche had been speculating about space-based weaponry as early as 1975. He set up the Fusion Energy Foundation, which held conferences and tried to cultivate scientists, with some success. In 1979, FEF representatives attended a Moscow conference on ]. LaRouche began to promote the use of lasers and related technologies for both military and civilian purposes, calling for a "revolution in ]."<ref>Benedictine, Kirll, and Diunov, Michael, Terra-America, April 16, 2012</ref> The LaRouche campaign supported Reagan's ] (SDI). Dennis King wrote that LaRouche had been speculating about space-based weaponry as early as 1975. He set up the Fusion Energy Foundation, which held conferences and tried to cultivate scientists, with some success. In 1979, FEF representatives attended a Moscow conference on ]. LaRouche began to promote the use of lasers and related technologies for both military and civilian purposes, calling for a "revolution in ]s."<ref name="The Last Rosicrucian">Benedictine, Kirll, and Diunov, Michael, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222003430/http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terra-america.ru%2Fposlednii-rozenkreicer-part1.aspx&ei=a8OMT4DPEsSoiQKm5KS1CA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDsQ7gEwAw&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dsite%3Aterra-america.ru%2B%25D0%259B%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2588%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D569%26prmd%3Dimvns |date=February 22, 2017 }} Terra-America, April 16, 2012</ref>


According to King, LaRouche's associates had for some years been in contact with members of the Reagan administration about LaRouche's space-based weapons ideas.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|p=61}}</ref> LaRouche proposed the development of defensive beam technologies as a policy that was in the interest of both the US and the USSR, as the alternative to an arms race in offensive weapons, and as a generator of spin-off economic benefits. Between February 1982 and February 1983, with the approval of the National Security Council, LaRouche met with Soviet embassy representative Evgeny Shershnev to discuss the proposal. During this period, Soviet economists also began to study LaRouche's economic forecasting model. However, following Reagan's public announcement of the SDI in March of 1983, Soviet representatives broke off all contact with LaRouche and his representatives.<ref>Benedictine, Kirll, and Diunov, Michael, Terra-America, April 16, 2012</ref> According to King, LaRouche's associates had for some years been in contact with members of the Reagan administration about LaRouche's space-based weapons ideas.<ref>{{harvnb|King|1989|p=61}}</ref> LaRouche proposed the development of defensive beam technologies as a policy that was in the interest of both the U.S. and the Soviet Union, as the alternative to an arms race in offensive weapons and as a generator of spin-off economic benefits. Between February 1982 and February 1983, with the NSC's approval, LaRouche met with Soviet embassy representative Evgeny Shershnev to discuss the proposal. During this period, Soviet economists also began to study LaRouche's economic forecasting model. But after Reagan's public announcement of the SDI in March 1983, Soviet representatives broke off contact with LaRouche and his representatives.<ref name="The Last Rosicrucian"/>


Physicist ], a proponent of SDI and X-ray lasers, told reporters in 1984 that he had been courted by LaRouche, but had kept his distance. LaRouche began calling his plan the "LaRouche-Teller proposal," though they had never met. Teller said LaRouche was "a poorly informed man with fantastic conceptions."<ref name=Siano1992>{{harvnb|Siano|1992}}.</ref> Physicist ], a proponent of SDI and X-ray lasers, told reporters in 1984 that he had been courted by LaRouche but had kept his distance. LaRouche began calling his plan the "LaRouche-Teller proposal," though they had never met. Teller said LaRouche was "a poorly informed man with fantastic conceptions."<ref name=Siano1992>{{harvnb|Siano|1992}}.</ref>


LaRouche later attributed the ] to its refusal to follow his advice to accept Reagan's offer to share the technology.<ref>. LaRouche later attributed the ] to its refusal to follow his advice to accept Reagan's offer to share the technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://larouchein2004.net/pages/questions/youth/030201penn004.htm |title=LaRouche, February 1, 2003 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011204719/http://larouchein2004.net/pages/questions/youth/030201penn004.htm |archive-date=October 11, 2003 }}.
*LaRouche's promotion of space colonization included dealings with German scientists and engineers who had worked under the Nazi government during the Second World War, some of whom had emigrated to the U.S. and had ended up working for NASA. They included ] and several other Peenemunde rocket experts, such as ], ], ], and ]. When Rudolph was forced to renounce his U.S. citizenship after an investigation into his past, LaRouche supporters formed a defense fund for him. LaRouche also collaborated with Ehricke on ideas about the colonization of the moon and Mars; after Ehricke's death, LaRouche sponsored the "Krafft Ehricke Memorial Conference," and in 1988 delivered a national TV broadcast titled "The Woman on Mars." See {{harvnb|Siano|1992}}, {{harvnb|LaRouche Political Action Committee|1988}}, and {{harvnb|King|1989}}, pp. 80–81.</ref> Former Secretary of Defense ] reported in his 2011 memoir that at a 2001 dinner in Russia with leading officials, he was told by General ], then the second highest ranking officer in the Russian military, that LaRouche was the brains behind SDI. Rumsfeld stated that he believed LaRouche had had no influence whatsoever on the program, and surmised that Baluyevsky must have obtained the information off the Internet.<ref>Rumsfeld, Donald, ''Known and Unknown'', Sentinel, 2011, ISBN 978-1-59523-067-6, p. 309</ref> In 2012 the former head of the Russian bureau of Interpol, General Vladimir Ovchinsky, also described LaRouche as the man who proposed the SDI.<ref>‎ Komsomolskaya Pravda – Feb 22, 2012</ref> * LaRouche's promotion of space colonization included dealings with German scientists and engineers who had worked under the Nazi government during the Second World War, some of whom had emigrated to the U.S. and had ended up working for NASA. They included ] and several other Peenemunde rocket experts, such as ], ], ], and ]. When Rudolph was forced to renounce his U.S. citizenship after an investigation into his past, LaRouche supporters formed a defense fund for him. LaRouche also collaborated with Ehricke on ideas about the colonization of the moon and Mars; after Ehricke's death, LaRouche sponsored the "Krafft Ehricke Memorial Conference," and in 1988 delivered a national TV broadcast titled "The Woman on Mars."
See {{harvnb|LaRouche Political Action Committee|1988}}
* {{harvnb|King|1989|pp=80–81}}
* {{harvnb|Siano|1992}}</ref> Former Secretary of Defense ] reported in his 2011 memoir that at a 2001 dinner in Russia with leading officials, he was told by General ], then the second highest-ranking officer in the Russian military, that LaRouche was the brains behind SDI. Rumsfeld said he believed LaRouche had had no influence on the program, and surmised that Baluyevsky must have obtained the information off the Internet.<ref>Rumsfeld, Donald, ''Known and Unknown'', Sentinel, 2011, {{ISBN|978-1595230676}}, p. 309</ref> In 2012 the former head of the Russian bureau of Interpol, General Vladimir Ovchinsky, also described LaRouche as the man who proposed the SDI.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214175814/https://www.smol.kp.ru/daily/25839/2812048/ |date=February 14, 2019 }} Komsomolskaya Pravda{{snd}}February 22, 2012</ref>


===1984: NBC lawsuit=== ====1984: NBC lawsuit====
In January 1984 NBC aired a news segment about LaRouche, and in March a "First Camera" report produced by Pat Lynch. In an article for the ''Columbia Journalism Review'' in 1985, Lynch wrote that the reports included the allegation that LaRouche was "the leader of a violence-prone, anti-Semitic cult that smeared its opponents and sued its critics."<ref name=Lynch1985>{{harvnb|Lynch|1985}}, p. 42. In January 1984, ] aired a news segment about LaRouche, and in March a "First Camera" report produced by Pat Lynch. The reports called LaRouche "the leader of a violence-prone, anti-Semitic cult that smeared its opponents and sued its critics", as Lynch wrote in 1985 in the '']''.<ref name=Lynch1985>{{harvnb|Lynch|1985}}, p. 42.
*For information about Pat Lynch, see , ''The Huffington Post'', Retrieved February 14, 2011.</ref> In interviews, former members of the movement gave details about their fundraising practices, and alleged that LaRouche had spoken about assassinating U.S. President ]. The reports said an investigation by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) would lead to an indictment, and quoted ], the Anti-Defamation League's (ADL) fact-finding director, who called LaRouche a "small-time Hitler." After the broadcast, LaRouche members picketed NBC's office carrying signs saying "Lynch Pat Lynch," and the NBC switchboard said it received a death threat against her. Another NBC researcher said someone placed fliers around her parents' neighborhood saying she was running a call-girl ring from her parents' home.<ref>Mintz, John. , ''The Washington Post'', January 14, 1985.</ref> Lynch said LaRouche members began to impersonate her and her researchers in telephone calls, and called her "Fat Lynch" in their publications.<ref name=Lynch1985/> * For information about Pat Lynch, see , ''The Huffington Post'', Retrieved February 14, 2011. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407030055/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/pat-lynch |date=April 7, 2015}}</ref> In interviews, former members of the movement gave details about their fundraising practices, and alleged that LaRouche had spoken about assassinating President ]. The reports said an investigation by the ] would lead to an indictment, and quoted ], the ]'s fact-finding director, who called LaRouche a "small-time ]". After the broadcast, LaRouche members picketed NBC's office carrying signs saying "Lynch Pat Lynch," and the NBC switchboard said it received a death threat against her. Another NBC researcher said someone placed fliers around her parents' neighborhood saying she was running a call-girl ring from her parents' home.<ref>Mintz, John. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226011947/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/larou4.htm |date=December 26, 2016 }}, ''The Washington Post'', January 14, 1985.</ref> Lynch said LaRouche members began to impersonate her and her researchers in telephone calls, and called her "Fat Lynch" in their publications.<ref name=Lynch1985/>


LaRouche filed a defamation suit against NBC and the ADL, arguing that the programs were the result of a deliberate campaign of defamation against him.<ref>LaRouche, Lyndon. , ''Executive Intelligence Review''], undated. LaRouche filed a defamation suit against NBC and the ADL, arguing that the programs were the result of a deliberate campaign of defamation against him.<ref>
LaRouche, Lyndon. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222253/http://www.larouchepub.com/exon/exon_lhl_testimony.html |date=March 3, 2016 }}, ''Executive Intelligence Review''], undated.
*, ''Executive Intelligence Review'', undated.</ref> The judge ruled that NBC need not reveal its sources, and LaRouche lost the case. NBC won a countersuit, the jury awarding the network $3 million in damages, later reduced to $258,459, for misuse of libel law, in what was called one of the more celebrated countersuits by a libel defendant.<ref>, ''The New York Times'', November 2, 1984. * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205239/http://www.larouchepub.com/exon/exon2.html |date=March 3, 2016 }}, ''Executive Intelligence Review'', undated.
</ref> The judge ruled that NBC need not reveal its sources, and LaRouche lost the case. NBC won a countersuit, the jury awarding the network $3 million in damages, later reduced to $258,459, for misuse of libel law, in what was called one of the more celebrated countersuits by a libel defendant.<ref>
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430053342/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/02/us/larouche-jury-gives-3-million-to-nbc-tv.html?scp=74&sq=LaRouche&st=nyt |date=April 30, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', November 2, 1984.
*. * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804224001/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/larou1.htm |date=August 4, 2011 }}.
*. * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220002208/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E7DF1339F937A15751C0A963948260 |date=December 20, 2008 }}.
* {{harvnb|Constantini|Nash|1990}}.
{{harvnb|Constantini|Nash|1990}}.</ref> LaRouche failed to pay the damages, pleading poverty, which the judge described as "completely lacking in credibility."<ref>, Associated Press, February 24, 1985.</ref> LaRouche said he had been unaware since 1973 who paid the rent on the estate, or for his food, lodging, clothing, transportation, bodyguards, and lawyers. The judge fined him for failing to answer. After the judge signed an order to allow discovery of LaRouche's personal finances, a cashier's check was delivered to the court to end the case.<ref>, Associated Press, September 20, 1986.
</ref> LaRouche failed to pay the damages, pleading poverty, which the judge described as "completely lacking in credibility."<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220002208/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E7DF1339F937A15751C0A963948260 |date=December 20, 2008 }}, Associated Press, February 24, 1985.</ref> LaRouche said he had been unaware since 1973 who paid the rent on the estate, or for his food, lodging, clothing, transportation, bodyguards, and lawyers. The judge fined him for failing to answer. After the judge signed an order to allow discovery of LaRouche's personal finances, a cashier's check was delivered to the court to end the case.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430055141/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/20/us/larouche-to-pay-250000-to-nbc.html?scp=19&sq=LaRouche&st=nyt |date=April 30, 2016 }}, Associated Press, September 20, 1986.
*Also see , Associated Press, November 16, 1986.</ref> When LaRouche appealed, the ], rejecting his arguments, set forth a three-pronged test, later called the "LaRouche test," to decide when anonymous sources must be named in libel cases.<ref>, 780 F.2d 1134, 1139 (4th Cir. 1986).
* Also see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528151553/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/16/us/nbc-gets-a-258459-check-to-end-larouche-court-fight.html |date=May 28, 2022 }}, Associated Press, November 16, 1986.</ref> When LaRouche appealed, the ], rejecting his arguments, set forth a three-pronged test, later called the "LaRouche test," to decide when anonymous sources must be named in libel cases.<ref>
*, Electronic Frontier Foundation, October 13, 2000, accessed February 9, 2011.</ref>
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515155700/http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/780/780.F2d.1134.html |date=May 15, 2010 }}, 780 F.2d 1134, 1139 (4th Cir. 1986).
* {{cite web |url=https://www.eff.org/legal/cases/Jane_Doe_v_John_Hritz/20001013_doe_quash_memo.html |title=Memo from AOL libel suit |access-date=December 29, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041028154636/http://www.eff.org/legal/cases/Jane_Doe_v_John_Hritz/20001013_doe_quash_memo.html |archive-date=October 28, 2004 }}, Electronic Frontier Foundation, October 13, 2000, accessed February 9, 2011.
</ref>


===1985–1986: PANIC, LaRouche's AIDS initiative=== ====1985–1986: PANIC, LaRouche's AIDS initiative====
{{main|California Proposition 64 (1986)}} {{Main|1986 California Proposition 64}}
LaRouche interpreted the AIDS pandemic as fulfillment of his 1973 prediction that an epidemic would strike humanity in the 1980s. LaRouche said it had been created by the "Soviet war machine," or by the International Monetary Fund to kill "excess eaters" in Africa. According to Christopher Toumey, his subsequent campaign followed a familiar LaRouche pattern: challenging the scientific competence of government experts, and arguing that LaRouche had special scientific insights, and his own scientific associates were more competent than government scientists. LaRouche's view of AIDS agreed with orthodox medicine in that HIV caused AIDS, but differed from it in arguing that HIV spread like the cold virus or malaria, by way of casual contact and insect bites—an idea that would make HIV-positive people extremely dangerous. He said "a person with AIDS running around is like a person with a machine gun running around", and that people who lynched gays might be remembered as the "only political force which acted to save the human species from extinction." He advocated testing anyone working in schools, restaurants, or healthcare, and quarantining those who tested positive. Some of LaRouche's views on AIDS were developed by John Seale, a British ] who proposed that AIDS was created in a laboratory. Seale's highly speculative writings were published in three prestigious medical journals, lending these ideas some appearance of being hard science.<ref>{{harvnb|Toumey|1996|pp=87–92}}. LaRouche interpreted the AIDS pandemic as fulfillment of his 1973 prediction that an epidemic would strike humanity in the 1980s. According to Christopher Toumey, his subsequent campaign followed a familiar LaRouche pattern: challenging the scientific competence of government experts, and arguing that LaRouche had special scientific insights, and his own scientific associates were more competent than government scientists. LaRouche's view of AIDS agreed with orthodox medicine in that HIV caused AIDS, but differed from it in arguing that HIV spread like the cold virus or malaria, by way of casual contact and insect bites{{snd}}which, if true, would make HIV-positive people extremely dangerous. He advocated testing anyone working in schools, restaurants, or healthcare, and quarantining those who tested positive. Some of LaRouche's views on AIDS were developed by ], a British ] who proposed that AIDS was created in a Soviet laboratory. Seale's highly speculative writings were published in three prestigious medical journals, lending these ideas some appearance of being hard science.<ref name="Toumey-1996-pp.87-92"/>
*For "Soviet war machine," "excess eaters," and the comparison between people with AIDS and machine guns, see Kirp, David L. , ''The New York Times'', September 11, 1986.
*For quote on lynching gays, see {{harvnb|King|1989|p=143}}.</ref>


LaRouche and his associates devised a "Biological Strategic Defense Initiative" that would cost $100 billion per annum, which they said would have to be directed by LaRouche. Toumey writes that those opposing the program, such as the ] and ], were accused of "viciously lying to the world," and of following an agenda of genocide and euthanasia.<ref name=Toumey87>{{harvnb|Toumey|1996|pp=87–88}}</ref> In 1986 LaRouche proposed that AIDS be added to California's List of Communicable Diseases. Sponsored by his "Prevent AIDS Now Initiative Committee" (PANIC), Proposition 64—or the "LaRouche initiative"—qualified for the California ballot in 1986, with the required signature gatherers mostly paid for by LaRouche's Campaigner Publications. Seale, presented as an AIDS expert by PANIC, supported the LaRouche initiative but disagreed with several of LaRouche's views, including that HIV could be spread by insects, and described the group's political beliefs and conspiracy theories as "rather odd". According to David Kirp, professor of public policy at the University of California at Berkeley, the proposal would have required that 300,000 people in the area with HIV or AIDS be reported to public health authorities; might have removed over 100,000 of them from their jobs in schools, restaurants and agriculture; and would have forced 47,000 children to stay away from school.<ref>See above. LaRouche and his associates devised a "Biological Strategic Defense Initiative" that would cost $100 billion per annum, which they said would have to be directed by LaRouche. Toumey writes that those opposing the program, such as the ] and ], were accused of "viciously lying to the world," and of following an agenda of genocide and euthanasia.<ref name=Toumey87>{{harvnb|Toumey|1996|pp=87–88}}</ref> In 1986 LaRouche proposed that AIDS be added to California's List of Communicable Diseases. Sponsored by his "Prevent AIDS Now Initiative Committee" (PANIC), Proposition 64{{snd}}or the "LaRouche initiative"{{snd}}qualified for the California ballot in 1986, with the required signature gatherers mostly paid for by LaRouche's Campaigner Publications. Seale, presented as an AIDS expert by PANIC, supported the LaRouche initiative, but disagreed with several of LaRouche's views, including that HIV could be spread by insects, and described the group's political beliefs and conspiracy theories as "rather odd".<ref>Petit, Charles. "Doctor Supports Prop. 64{{snd}}Sort Of", ''San Francisco Chronicle'', September 30, 1986, pg. 8</ref> According to ], professor of public policy at the ], the proposal would have required that 300,000 people in the area with HIV or AIDS be reported to public health authorities; might have removed over 100,000 of them from their jobs in schools, restaurants and agriculture; and would have forced 47,000 children to stay away from school.<ref name=Kirp1986>Kirp, David L. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110102904/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/11/opinion/larouche-turns-to-aids-politics.html |date=January 10, 2017 }}, ''The New York Times'', September 11, 1986.</ref>
*For Seale's partial support, see Petit, Charles. "Doctor Supports Prop. 64—Sort Of", ''San Francisco Chronicle'', September 30, 1986, pg. 8</ref>


The proposal was opposed by leading scientists and local health officials—including the deans and faculties of four California schools of public health, scientists at Stanford University, the Red Cross, the surgeon general, labor unions and the Democratic Party of California—as based on inaccurate scientific information and, as the public health schools put it, running "counter to all public health principles." It was defeated, reintroduced two years later, and defeated again, with two million votes in favor the first time, and 1.7 million the second. AIDS became a leading plank in LaRouche's platform during his 1988 presidential campaign. He vowed to quarantine its "aberrant" victims who were "guilty of bringing this pandemic upon us."<ref>{{harvnb|Roderick|1986}}. The proposal was opposed by leading scientists and local health officials as based on inaccurate scientific information and, as the public health schools put it, running "counter to all public health principles." It was defeated, reintroduced two years later, and defeated again, with two million votes in favor the first time, and 1.7 million the second. AIDS became a leading plank in LaRouche's platform during his 1988 presidential campaign.<ref>{{harvnb|Roderick|1986}}.
*For criticism from leading scholars, including California schools of public health and Stanford University, see {{harvnb|Toumey|1996|pp=88–89}}. * For criticism from leading scholars, including California schools of public health and Stanford University, see {{harvnb|Toumey|1996|pp=88–89}}.
*For opposition campaigns and number of votes in favor, see {{harvnb|Berlet|Lyons|2000|p=237}}. * For opposition campaigns and number of votes in favor, see {{harvnb|Berlet|Lyons|2000|p=237}}.
*"LaRouche says he'll be swept into office," ''The Boston Globe'', June 28, 1987.</ref> * "LaRouche says he'll be swept into office," ''The Boston Globe'', June 28, 1987.</ref>


===1986: Electoral success in Illinois; press conference allegations=== ====1986: Electoral success in Illinois; press conference allegations====
{{main|1986 Illinois gubernatorial election}}
{{see|Janice Hart}}
In March 1986, Mark Fairchild and Janice Hart—LaRouche National Democratic Policy Committee candidates—won the Democratic primary for state-wide offices in Illinois, bringing LaRouche national attention.<ref>{{harvnb|Frantz|1986}}, p. 2.</ref> The Democratic gubernatorial candidate, ], withdrew his nomination rather than run on the same slate as LaRouche members, and told reporters the party was "exploring every legal remedy to purge these bizarre and dangerous extremists from the Democratic ticket." A spokesman for the Democratic National Committee said it would have to do a better job of communicating to the electorate that LaRouche's National Democratic Policy Committee was unrelated to the Democratic Party.<ref>, Associated Press, March 20, 1986.</ref> ''The New York Times'' wrote that Democratic Party officials were trying to identify LaRouche candidates in order to alert voters, and asked the LaRouche organization to release a full list of its candidates.<ref>, ''The New York Times'', April 26, 1986. In March 1986, Mark Fairchild and ]{{snd}}LaRouche National Democratic Policy Committee candidates{{snd}}won the Democratic primary for statewide offices in ], gaining national attention for LaRouche.<ref>{{harvnb|Frantz|1986}}, p. 2.</ref> The Democratic gubernatorial candidate, ], withdrew his nomination rather than run on the same slate as LaRouche members, and told reporters the party was "exploring every legal remedy to purge these bizarre and dangerous extremists from the Democratic ticket." A spokesman for the Democratic National Committee said it would have to do a better job of communicating to the electorate that LaRouche's National Democratic Policy Committee was unrelated to the Democratic Party.<ref name=":6"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p54rAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PvwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3574,4204889&dq=lyndon-larouche+perennial+candidate&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}, Associated Press, March 20, 1986.</ref> ''The New York Times'' wrote that Democratic Party officials were trying to identify LaRouche candidates in order to alert voters, and asked the LaRouche organization to release a full list of its candidates.<ref>
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430033116/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/26/us/democrats-step-up-larouche-alert.html?scp=40&sq=LaRouche&st=nyt |date=April 30, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', April 26, 1986.
*Also see Moynihan, Daniel Patrick. , ''The New York Times'', April 1, 1986.</ref> * Also see Moynihan, Daniel Patrick. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506080334/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/01/opinion/the-links-between-larouche-and-new-york-corruption.html?scp=112&sq=LaRouche&st=nyt |date=May 6, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', April 1, 1986.
</ref>


A month later, LaRouche held a press conference to accuse the Soviet government, British government, drug dealers, international bankers, and journalists of being involved in a variety of conspiracies. Flanked by bodyguards, he said, "If Abe Lincoln were alive, he'd probably be standing up here with me today," and that there was no criticism of him that did not originate "with the drug lobby or the Soviet operation ..." He said he had been in danger from Soviet assassins for over 13 years, and had to live in safe houses. He refused to answer a question from an NBC reporter, saying "How can I talk with a drug pusher like you?" He called the leadership of the United States "idiotic" and "berserk," and its foreign policy "criminal or insane." He warned of the imminent collapse of the banking system and accused banks of laundering drug money. Asked about the movement's finances, he said "I don't know. ... I'm not responsible, I'm not involved in that."<ref>, ''Los Angeles Times'', April 10, 1986. A month later, LaRouche held a press conference to accuse the Soviet government, British government, drug dealers, international bankers, and journalists of being involved in multiple conspiracies. Flanked by bodyguards, he said: "If Abe Lincoln were alive, he'd probably be standing up here with me today," and that there was no criticism of him that did not originate "with the drug lobby or the Soviet operation&nbsp;..." He said he had been in danger from Soviet assassins for over 13 years, and had to live in safe houses. He refused to answer a question from an NBC reporter, saying "How can I talk with a drug pusher like you?" He called the leadership of the United States "idiotic" and "berserk," and its foreign policy "criminal or insane." He warned of the imminent collapse of the banking system and accused banks of laundering drug money. Asked about the movement's finances, he said "I don't know. ...&nbsp;I'm not responsible, I'm not involved in that."<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708030033/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-04-10-mn-3099-story.html |date=July 8, 2019 }}, ''Los Angeles Times'', April 10, 1986.
*Also see , ''Chicago Tribune'', April 10, 1986. * Also see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165111/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/25002845.html?dids=25002845:25002845&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Apr+10%2C+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=LAROUCHE+SEES+DEATH+PLOT+BY+DRUG+DEALERS%2C+SOVIETS&pqatl=google |date=November 7, 2012 }}, ''Chicago Tribune'', April 10, 1986.
*For the variety of conspiracies, see . * For the variety of conspiracies, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=l1UcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q1IEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6978,5074258&dq=the-drug-lobby-or-the-soviet-operation-which-is-sometimes-the-same-thing&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}.
*For his response about the movement's finances, see .</ref> * For his response about the movement's finances, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065851/http://articles.philly.com/1986-04-10/news/26077542_1_national-democratic-policy-committee-perennial-presidential-candidate-larouche-group |date=March 4, 2016 }}.</ref>


===1986–1988: Raids, criminal conviction=== ====1986–1988: Raids and criminal convictions====
{{Main|LaRouche criminal trials}} {{Main|LaRouche criminal trials}}
In October 1986, hundreds of state and federal officers raided LaRouche offices in Virginia and Massachusetts. A federal grand jury indicted LaRouche and twelve of his associates on credit card fraud and obstruction of justice. The charges stated that they had attempted to defraud people of millions of dollars, including several elderly people, by borrowing money they did not intend to repay. LaRouche disputed the charges, alleging that they were politically motivated.<ref name=LATimes1989> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308102038/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-01-27-mn-1754-story.html |date=March 8, 2021 }}," Associated Press, January 27, 1989.
]
* Mintz, John. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165044/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73831679.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+3%2C+1987&author=John+Mintz&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=a.01&desc=LaRouche+Indicted+in+Conspiracy%3B+Justice+Dept.+Alleges+Va.-Based+Extremist+Tried+to+Scuttle+Probe |date=November 7, 2012 }}, ''The Washington Post'', July 3, 1987.
In October 1986, hundreds of state and federal officers raided LaRouche offices in Virginia and Massachusetts. A federal grand jury indicted LaRouche and 12 associates on credit card fraud and obstruction of justice; the charges included that they had attempted to defraud people of millions of dollars, including several elderly people, by borrowing money they did not intend to repay. LaRouche's "heavily fortified"<ref>"LaRouche Group, Long on the Political Fringe Gets Mainstream Scrutiny After Illinois Primary", Ellen Hume, '']'', March 28, 1986</ref> estate was surrounded and he at first warned law-enforcement officials not to arrest him, saying any attempt to do so would be an attempt to kill him; a spokesman would not rule out the use of violence against officials in response. While surrounded, LaRouche sent a telegram to President Ronald Reagan saying that an attempt to arrest him "would be an attempt to kill me. I will not submit passively to such an arrest, but&nbsp;... I will defend myself."<ref>"Prosecutor Moves to Disarm LaRouche Guards; Lawyer for Security Men Tells Judge They Would Not Resist Law Enforcement Officers", John Mintz, ''Washington Post'', January 31, 1987</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Shenon|1986}}.
*Frantz, Douglas. , ''Chicago Tribune'', October 12, 1986. * Also see Mintz, John. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107184233/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73846043.html?dids=73846043:73846043&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+20%2C+1987&author=John+Mintz&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=Inside+the+Weird+World+of+Lyndon+LaRouche&pqatl=google |date=November 7, 2012 }}, ''The Washington Post'', September 20, 1987.
* {{harvnb|Edds|1995}}.</ref>
*, ''Los Angeles Times'', October 19, 1986.
*, ''The New York Times'', October 30, 1986.
*, ''The New York Times'', September 22, 1987.
*For the charges of defrauding, see Murphy, Caryle. , ''The Washington Post, December 17, 1988.
*Howard, Alison. , ''The Washington Post'', May 23, 1990.</ref> LaRouche disputed the charges, alleging that the trials were politically motivated.<ref name=LATimes1989>," Associated Press, January 27, 1989.
*Mintz, John. , ''The Washington Post'', July 3, 1987.
*Also see Mintz, John. , ''The Washington Post'', September 20, 1987.
*{{harvnb|Edds|1995}}.</ref> A number of LaRouche entities, including the Fusion Energy Foundation, were taken over through an involuntary bankruptcy proceeding in 1987; the government's use of the sealed order was regarded as a rare legal maneuver.<ref>, Associated Press, April 21, 1987.</ref>


When LaRouche's "heavily fortified"<ref>"LaRouche Group, Long on the Political Fringe Gets Mainstream Scrutiny After Illinois Primary", Ellen Hume, '']'', March 28, 1986</ref> estate was surrounded, he at first warned law-enforcement officials not to arrest him, saying that any attempt to do so would be an attempt to kill him. A spokesman would not rule out the use of violence against officials in response. While surrounded, LaRouche sent a telegram to president Ronald Reagan saying that an attempt to arrest him "would be an attempt to kill me. I will not submit passively to such an arrest, ...&nbsp;I will defend myself."<ref>{{cite news|last=Mintz|first=John|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1987/01/31/prosecutor-moves-to-disarm-larouche-guards/7a7f5abb-8181-44c4-b0ab-b8710480df61/|title=Prosecutor Moves to Disarm LaRouche Guards|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 31, 1987|access-date=April 3, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Shenon|1986}}.
He received 25,562 votes in the 1988 presidential election, standing under the banner of the "National Economic Recovery" party.<ref>, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref> On December 16 that year, he was convicted of conspiracy to commit ] involving more than $30 million in defaulted loans; 11 counts of actual mail fraud involving $294,000 in defaulted loans; and one count of conspiring to defraud the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. He was sentenced to fifteen years, but was released on January 26, 1994. The judge called his claim of a political vendetta "arrant nonsense," and said "the idea that this organization is a sufficient threat to anything that would warrant the government bringing a prosecution to silence them just defies human experience."<ref>, ''The Washington Post'', December 17, 1988.
* Frantz, Douglas. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106213222/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24948685.html?dids=24948685:24948685&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+12%2C+1986&author=Douglas+Frantz%2C+Chicago+Tribune&pub=Chicago+Tribune+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=RAID+BARES+LAROUCHE+DARK+WORLD&pqatl=google |date=November 6, 2012 }}, ''Chicago Tribune'', October 12, 1986.
*, ''The Washington Post'', July 4, 1989.
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309061932/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-19-mn-6216-story.html |date=March 9, 2021 }}, ''Los Angeles Times'', October 19, 1986.
*For LaRouche's sentencing, see , ''Associated Press, January 28, 1989.</ref> Thirteen associates received terms ranging from one month to 77 years for mail fraud and conspiracy.<ref name=LATimes1989/> Defense lawyers filed unsuccessful appeals that challenged the conduct of the grand jury, the contempt fines, the execution of the search warrants, and various trial procedures. At least ten appeals were heard by the United States Court of Appeals, and three by the U.S. Supreme Court. Former ] ] joined the defense team for two appeals, writing that the case involved "a broader range of deliberate and systematic misconduct and abuse of power over a longer period of time in an effort to destroy a political movement and leader, than any other federal prosecution in my time or to my knowledge."<ref>{{harvnb|Clark|1995}}</ref>
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430083752/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/30/us/guardians-named-for-woman-over-850000-larouche-gift.html?scp=139&sq=LaRouche&st=nyt |date=April 30, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', October 30, 1986.
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528151552/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F4071FFB39580C718EDDA00894DF484D81&legacy=true&status=nf |date=May 28, 2022 }}, ''The New York Times'', September 22, 1987.
* For the charges of defrauding, see Murphy, Caryle. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106213159/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73649679.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+17%2C+1988&author=Caryle+Murphy&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=a.01&desc=LaRouche+Convicted+of+Mail+Fraud%3B+6+Associates+of+Extremist+Also+Found+Guilty+in+Loan+Solicitations |date=November 6, 2012 }}, ''The Washington Post'', December 17, 1988.
* Howard, Alison. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106213206/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72591215.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=May+23%2C+1990&author=Alison+Howard&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=d.01&desc=Elderly+Seek+Refunds+From+LaRouche |date=November 6, 2012 }}, ''The Washington Post'', May 23, 1990.</ref>


In 1987, a number of LaRouche entities, including the ], were taken over through an involuntary bankruptcy proceeding. The government's use of a sealed order in this proceeding was regarded as a rare legal maneuver.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619050526/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-04-21-mn-356-story.html |date=June 19, 2020 }}, Associated Press, April 21, 1987.</ref>
In his 1988 autobiography, LaRouche says the raid on his operation was the work of ].<ref>''The Power of Reason: 1988'', an autobiography by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., 1987, Executive Intelligence Review, Designed by World Composition Services, ISBN 0-943235-00-6, p. 309</ref> In an interview the same year, he said that the Soviet Union opposed him because he invented the ]. "The Soviet government hated me for it. Gorbachev also hated my guts and called for my assassination and imprisonment and so forth." LaRouche asserted that he has survived these threats because of protection by unnamed U.S. government officials. "Even when they don't like me, they consider me a national asset, and they don't like to have their national assets killed."<ref>"Outsider making his 8th White House bid / LaRouche says he'd fix economy", Rachel Gravges, '']'', March 6, 2004</ref>


On December 16, 1988, LaRouche was convicted of conspiracy to commit ] involving more than $30 million in defaulted loans; eleven counts of actual mail fraud involving $294,000 in defaulted loans; and a single count of conspiring to defraud the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} He was sentenced to 15 years in federal prison, but was released on parole after serving five years on January 26, 1994.<ref name="NYTDeath" />
===1989: Musical interests and Verdi tuning initiative===
LaRouche and his wife have an interest in classical music up to the period of Brahms. A motto of LaRouche's European Workers' Party, is "Think like Beethoven"; movement offices typically include a piano and posters of German composers, and members are known for their choral singing at protest events and for using satirical lyrics tailored to their targets.<ref>For LaRouche's interests, see LaRouche, Lyndon. "Correspondence: Classical Composition," ''The New Republic'', December 26, 1988.
*For the movement's interests, see Roderick. Kevin. "Raid Stirs Reports of LaRouche's Dark Side," ''Los Angeles Times'', October 14, 1986.
*For "Think like Beethoven," see Smith, Susan, J. , Associated Press, September 29, 1986.
*For singing at events, see Fitzgerald, Michael. "Plenty of weirdness in 2007," ''The Record'', Stockton, CA, January 2, 2008.
*For an example of a LaRouche choir singing at a protest, see Milbank, Dana. , ''The Washington Post'', April 27, 2005.
*Roddy, Dennis. "LaRouchies, Anarchists doth protest, but not too much," ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', July 30, 2004.
*Yamamura, Kevin. "Governor begins Mexico visit with praise for Dems," Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, November 10, 2006.
*Roderick, Kevin. "Raid Stirs Reports of LaRouche's Dark Side," ''Los Angeles Times'', October 14, 1986.</ref> LaRouche abhors popular music; he said in 1980, "Rock was not an accidental thing. This was done by people who set out in a deliberate way to subvert the United States. It was done by British intelligence," and wrote that the Beatles were "a product shaped according to British Psychological Warfare Division specifications."<ref>For rock, see Hume, Ellen. "LaRouche Trying to Lose Splinter Label," ''Los Angeles Times'', February 1980.
*For the Beatles, see .</ref> LaRouche movement members have protested at performances of Richard Wagner's operas, denouncing Wagner as an anti-Semite who found favor with the Nazis, and called a conductor "satanic" because he played contemporary music.<ref>.
*Also see Ng, David. "Protesters greet start of 'Ring'," ''Los Angeles Times'', May 31, 2010.</ref>


Thirteen associates were sentenced to prison terms ranging from one month to 77 years for mail fraud and conspiracy.<ref name=LATimes1989/>
In 1989 LaRouche advocated that classical orchestras should return to the "Verdi pitch," a pitch that ] had enshrined in Italian legislation in 1884. The initiative attracted support from more than 300 opera stars, including ], ] and ], who according to ''Opera Fanatic'' may or may not have been aware of LaRouche's politics. A spokesman for Domingo said Domingo had simply signed a questionnaire, had not been aware of its origins, and would not agree with LaRouche's politics. ] and ], who were running for the European Parliament on LaRouche's "Patriots for Italy" platform, attended Schiller Institute conferences as featured speakers, and the discussions led to debates in the Italian parliament about reinstating Verdi's legislation. LaRouche gave an interview to ] on the initiative from prison. The initiative was opposed by the editor of ''Opera Fanatic'', ], who objected to the establishment of a "pitch police," and argued that LaRouche was using the issue to gain credibility.<ref>, ''Richmond Times Dispatch'', September 16, 1989.
*, ''The Hour'', May 2, 1989.
*, '']'', May 27, 1989.
*Orchestras' pitches have risen since the 18th century, because a higher pitch produces a more brilliant orchestral sound, while imposing an additional strain on singers' voices. ] succeeded in 1884 in having legislation passed in Italy that fixed the reference pitch for ] at 432 Hz, but in 1938, the international standard was raised to 440 Hz, with some major orchestras tuning as high as 450 Hz in recent times. For some background, see Abdella, Fred T. , ''The New York Times'', August 13, 1989.</ref>


The trial judge called LaRouche's claim of a political ] "arrant nonsense", and said "the idea that this organization is a sufficient threat to anything that would warrant the government bringing a prosecution to silence them just defies human experience."<ref>
==1990s==
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106213159/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73649679.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+17%2C+1988&author=Caryle+Murphy&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=a.01&desc=LaRouche+Convicted+of+Mail+Fraud%3B+6+Associates+of+Extremist+Also+Found+Guilty+in+Loan+Solicitations |date=November 6, 2012 }}, ''The Washington Post'', December 17, 1988.
===Imprisonment and release on parole===
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107171022/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73885816.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+4%2C+1989&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=b.05&desc=LaRouche+Appeal+Is+Rebuffed+by+Supreme+Court |date=November 7, 2012 }}, ''The Washington Post'', July 4, 1989.
LaRouche began his jail sentence in 1989, serving it at the ] in Rochester, Minnesota. From there he ran for Congress in 1990, seeking to represent the ], but received less than one percent of the vote. He ran for President again in 1992 with ] as his running mate, a civil rights activist who had represented the LaRouche movement in its pursuit of the ]. It was only the second-ever campaign for president from prison.<ref>{{harvnb|Dorr|1992}}.
* For LaRouche's sentencing, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430094940/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/28/us/larouche-receives-15-year-sentence.html?scp=10&sq=LaRouche&st=nyt |date=April 30, 2016 }}, Associated Press, January 28, 1989.
*Also see Howe, Robert F. , ''The Washington Post'', June 23, 1989.
</ref>
*For it being the second campaign from jail, see Morrison, Pat. , ''Los Angeles Times'', January 5, 2004. The first to stand from jail was perennial ] candidate ] in 1920.</ref> He received 26,334 votes, standing again as the "Economic Recovery" party.<ref>, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref> For a time he shared a cell with televangelist ]. Bakker later wrote of his astonishment at LaRouche's detailed knowledge of the Bible. According to Bakker, LaRouche received a daily intelligence report by mail, and at times had information about news events days before they happened. Bakker also wrote that LaRouche believed their cell was bugged. In Bakker's view, "to say LaRouche was a little paranoid would be like saying that the ''Titanic'' had a little leak."<ref>{{harvnb|Witt|2004}}, p. 2.
*Also see {{harvnb|Bakker|Abraham|1996}}, pp. 250–251.</ref>


Defense lawyers filed unsuccessful appeals that challenged the conduct of the grand jury, the contempt fines, the execution of the search warrants, and various trial procedures. At least ten appeals were heard by the United States Court of Appeals, and three were heard by the U.S. Supreme Court.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
LaRouche was released on parole in January 1994, and returned to Loudoun County. ''The Washington Post'' wrote that he would be supervised by parole and probation officers until January 2004.<ref>Pea, Peter and Smith, Leef. , January 24, 1994.</ref> Also in 1994, his followers joined members of the ] to condemn the Anti-Defamation League for its alleged crimes against African Americans, reportedly one of several such meetings since 1992.<ref>{{harvnb|Goodstein|1994}}</ref> In 1996, LaRouche was invited to speak at a convention organized by the Nation of Islam's ] and ], then of the National African American Leadership Summit. As soon as he began speaking, he was booed off the stage; one delegate{{who?|date=May 2012}} said it was because of his actions against African Americans in the past.{{when|date=May 2012}}<ref>{{harvnb|Quinton|1996}}.</ref>


Former ] ] joined the defense team for two appeals, writing that the case involved "a broader range of deliberate and systematic misconduct and abuse of power over a longer period of time in an effort to destroy a political movement and leader, than any other federal prosecution in my time or to my knowledge."<ref name="Clark 1995">{{harvnb|Clark|1995}}</ref>
In the ], he received enough votes in Louisiana and Virginia to get one delegate from each state, but before the primaries began, the Democratic National Committee chair, ], ruled that LaRouche was not a "bona fide Democrat" because of his "expressed political beliefs ... which are explicitly racist and anti-Semitic," and because of his "past activities including exploitation of and defrauding contributors and voters." Fowler instructed state parties to disregard votes for LaRouche.<ref>{{harvnb|Bligh|2008}}.
*LaRouche sued in federal court, claiming a violation of the ]. After losing in the district court, the case was appealed to the First District Court of Appeals, which upheld the lower court's decision. See , August 28, 1998.</ref>


In his 1988 autobiography, LaRouche says the raid on his operation was the work of ].<ref>''The Power of Reason: 1988'', an autobiography by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., 1987, Executive Intelligence Review, Designed by World Composition Services, {{ISBN|0943235006}}, p. 309</ref> In an interview that same year, he said that the ] opposed him, because he had invented the ]. "The Soviet government hated me for it. Gorbachev also hated my guts and called for my assassination and imprisonment and so forth." He asserted that he had survived these threats, because he had been protected by unnamed U.S. government officials. "Even when they don't like me, they consider me a national asset, and they don't like to have their national assets killed."<ref>"Outsider making his 8th White House bid / LaRouche says he'd fix economy", Rachel Gravges, '']'', March 6, 2004</ref>
LaRouche opposed attempts to impeach President ], charging it was a plot by the British Intelligence to destabilize the U.S. Government.<ref>{{cite news|title=A long list of conspiracy feeders|first=MARTIN |last=WALKER|work=The Gazette|location=Montreal, Que.|date=July 15, 1995|page=B.5}}</ref><ref>http://wlym.com/~oakland/brutish/BritKillPrez.pdf New Federalist December 1994</ref> In 1996 he called for the impeachment of Pennsylvania governor ].<ref>{{cite news|title=LaRouche takes call for Ridge impeachment to TV // Supporters have criticized changes in welfare program|work=The Patriot|location=Harrisburg, Pa.|date=August 24, 1996|page=B.6}}</ref><ref>http://www.larouchepub.com/impeach_ridge/index.html</ref>


LaRouche received 25,562 votes in the 1988 presidential election.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402083314/https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1988 |date=April 2, 2019 }}, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref>
In 1999 China's press agency, the ], reported that LaRouche had criticized the ], a congressional investigation that accused the Chinese of stealing U.S. nuclear weapons secrets, calling it a "scientifically illiterate hoax."<ref>, Xinhua News Agency, June 4, 1999.</ref> On October 13, 1999, during a press conference to announce his plans to run for president, he predicted the collapse of the world's financial system, stating, "There's nothing like it in this century.... it is systematic, and therefore, inevitable." He said the U.S. and other nations had built the "biggest financial bubble in all history," which was close to bankruptcy.<ref>"LaRouche Vows to Change U.S. Politics if Elected President," Xinhua News Agency'', October 25, 1999.</ref>


====1989: Musical interests and Verdi tuning initiative====
==2000s==
LaRouche had an interest in classical music up to the period of ]. A motto of LaRouche's European Workers' Party is "Think like ]"; movement offices typically include a piano and posters of German composers, and members are known for their choral singing at protest events and for using satirical lyrics tailored to their targets.<ref>
===2000–2003: Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement, September 11 Attacks, Presidential run===
For LaRouche's interests, see LaRouche, Lyndon. "Correspondence: Classical Composition," ''The New Republic'', December 26, 1988.
* For the movement's interests, see Roderick. Kevin. "Raid Stirs Reports of LaRouche's Dark Side," ''Los Angeles Times'', October 14, 1986.
* For "Think like Beethoven," see Smith, Susan, J. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aiwrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HnIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1095,596948&dq=bonn+exhibit+depicts+germany%27s+beethoven+cult&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}, Associated Press, September 29, 1986.
* For singing at events, see Fitzgerald, Michael. "Plenty of weirdness in 2007," ''The Record'', Stockton, CA, January 2, 2008.
* For an example of a LaRouche choir singing at a protest, see Milbank, Dana. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210083822/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/04/26/AR2005042601248.html |date=December 10, 2016 }}, ''The Washington Post'', April 27, 2005.
* Roddy, Dennis. "LaRouchies, Anarchists doth protest, but not too much," ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', July 30, 2004.
* Yamamura, Kevin. "Governor begins Mexico visit with praise for Dems," Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, November 10, 2006.
* Roderick, Kevin. "Raid Stirs Reports of LaRouche's Dark Side," ''Los Angeles Times'', October 14, 1986.
</ref> LaRouche abhorred popular music; he said in 1980, "Rock was not an accidental thing. This was done by people who set out in a deliberate way to subvert the United States. It was done by British intelligence," and wrote that ] were "a product shaped according to British Psychological Warfare Division specifications."<ref>
For rock, see Hume, Ellen. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215050320/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28412562/lyndon_larouche_trying_to_lose/ |date=February 15, 2019 }} ''Los Angeles Times'', February 16, 1980, pp. 20–21.
* For the Beatles, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165346/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/410201901.html?dids=410201901:410201901&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+23%2C+2003&author=Jeff+Pearlman.+STAFF+WRITER&pub=Newsday+%28Combined+editions%29&desc=Lyndon+LaRouche%27s+LONG+Campaign+%2F+He+ran+one+presidential+campaign+from+a+federal+jail+cell+and+can%27t+even+vote+for+himself%2C+but+the+quadrennial+candidate+is+back+on+the+stump+again&pqatl=google |date=November 7, 2012 }}.
</ref>


LaRouche movement members have protested at performances of ]'s operas, denouncing Wagner as an anti-Semite who found favor with the Nazis, and called a conductor "satanic" because he played contemporary music.<ref>
]
{{cite news |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2010/05/las-ring-cycle-begins-with-protests-outside-mixed-reaction-inside.html |last=Ng |first=David |date=May 30, 2010 |title=L.A.'s 'Ring' cycle begins with protests outside, mixed reaction inside |work=Los Angeles Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215161354/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2010/05/las-ring-cycle-begins-with-protests-outside-mixed-reaction-inside.html |archive-date=February 15, 2019 }}
LaRouche founded the Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement (WLYM) in 2000, saying in 2004 that it had hundreds of members in the U.S. and a lesser number overseas. During the Democratic primaries in June 2000, he received 53,280 votes, or 22 percent of the total, in Arkansas.<ref>For the founding of WYLM and the membership figures, see {{harvnb|Witt|2004}}, p. 2, and {{harvnb|Silva|2006}}.
* Also see {{cite news|ref=none |last=Ng |first=David |title=Protesters greet start of 'Ring' |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 31, 2010}}
*For the Democratic primaries figures, see , ''The Economist'', June 22, 2000.</ref>
</ref>


In 1989, LaRouche advocated that classical orchestras should use a ] based on ] above middle C (A<sub>4</sub>) tuned to 432&nbsp;Hz, which the Schiller Institute called the "Verdi pitch", a pitch that ] had suggested as optimal, though he also composed and conducted in other pitches such as the French official ''diapason normal'' of 435&nbsp;Hz, including his ] in 1874.<ref name=Rosen>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_iB90JnPrwC&q=Verdi+tuning&pg=PA17 |title=Rosen, David, ''Verdi, Requiem'' |access-date=June 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://books.google.com/books?id=t_iB90JnPrwC&pg=PA17&dq=Verdi+tuning&ei=dbVwSqXPK4WyNq7gzM4O |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |url-status=live |isbn=978-0521397674 |last1=Rosen |first1=David |date= 1995 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>
In 2002 LaRouche's ''Executive Intelligence Review'' argued that the ] had been an ] and "attempted coup d'etat," and that Iran was the first country to question it. The article received wide coverage in Iran, and was cited by senior Iranian government officials, including ] and ]. Mahmoud Alinejad writes that, in a subsequent telephone interview with the ''Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran'', LaRouche said the attacks had been organized by rogue elements inside the U.S., aiming to use the incident to promote a war against Islam, and that Israel was a dictatorial regime prepared to commit Nazi-style crimes against the Palestinians.<ref>{{harvnb|Alinejad|2004|pp=105–106}}.</ref>


The Schiller Institute initiative attracted support from more than 300 opera stars, including ], ], and ], who according to ''Opera Fanatic'' may not have been aware of LaRouche's politics. A spokesman for Domingo said Domingo had simply signed a questionnaire, had not been aware of its origins, and would not agree with LaRouche's politics. ] and ], who were running for the European Parliament on LaRouche's "Patriots for Italy" platform, attended Schiller Institute conferences as featured speakers. The discussions led to debates in the Italian parliament about reinstating "Verdi" legislation. LaRouche gave an interview to ] on the initiative from prison. The initiative was opposed by the editor of ''Opera Fanatic'', ], who objected to the establishment of a "pitch police," and argued that LaRouche was using the issue to gain credibility.<ref>{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, ''Richmond Times Dispatch'', September 16, 1989.
LaRouche again entered the primary elections for the Democratic Party's nomination in 2004, setting a record for the number of consecutive presidential campaigns; Democratic Party officials distanced themselves from him and did not allow him to participate in candidate forum debates. He did not run in 2008.<ref>.
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hv4gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NXQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2431,360446&dq=larouche+verdi+tuning&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}, ''The Hour'', May 2, 1989.
*That he did not run in 2008, see .</ref>
* , '']'', May 27, 1989.
* Orchestras' pitches have risen since the 18th century, because a higher pitch produces a more brilliant orchestral sound, while imposing an additional strain on singers' voices when singing the highest notes, though it made the lower notes easier. ] pushed through legislation in Italy to fix 432 Hz as the reference pitch for ], though such legislation did not stop orchestras from using other pitches. In 1938, the international standard was raised to 440 Hz, with some major orchestras tuning as high as 450 Hz in recent times. For some background, see Abdella, Fred T. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528151552/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0716FC3D540C708DDDA10894D1484D81&pagewanted=all&legacy=true&status=nf |date=May 28, 2022 }}, ''The New York Times'', August 13, 1989.</ref>


===1990s===
As during the preceding decade, LaRouche and his followers denied that human civilization had harmed the environment through DDT, chluorofluorocarbons, or carbon dioxide. According to Chip Berlet, "Pro-LaRouche publications have been at the forefront of denying the reality of global warming".<ref>{{cite web|title=Lyndon LaRouche: Man of Vision or Venom?: What's the Real Story?|first=Chip |last=Berlet|publisher=Political Research Associates|date=September 13, 2007|url= http://www.publiceye.org/larouche/truestory.html }}</ref>
====Imprisonment, release on parole, attempts at exoneration, visits to Russia====
LaRouche began his sentence in 1989, serving it at the ] in ]. From there he ran for Congress in 1990, seeking to represent the ], but he received less than one percent of the vote. He ran for president again in 1992 with ] as his running mate, a civil rights activist who had represented the LaRouche movement in its pursuit of the ]. It was only the second-ever campaign for president from prison.<ref>{{harvnb|Dorr|1992}}.
* Also see Howe, Robert F. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107184139/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73883811.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jun+23%2C+1989&author=Robert+F.+Howe&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=a.11&desc=LaRouche+Announces+Race+for+House+From+Jail+Cell%3BFormer+Presidential+Candidate+to+Seek+Virginia%27s+10th+District+Seat+Held+by+Rep.+Wolf |date=November 7, 2012 }}, ''The Washington Post'', June 23, 1989.
* For it being the second campaign from jail, see Morrison, Pat. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021133415/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jan-05-me-polcol5-story.html |date=October 21, 2020 }}, ''Los Angeles Times'', January 5, 2004. The first to stand from jail was perennial ] candidate ] in 1920.</ref> He received 26,334 votes, standing again as the "Economic Recovery" party.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428193428/https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1992 |date=April 28, 2019 }}, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref> For a time he shared a cell with televangelist ]. Bakker later wrote of his astonishment at LaRouche's detailed knowledge of the Bible. According to Bakker, LaRouche received a daily intelligence report by mail, and at times had information about news events days before they happened. Bakker also wrote that LaRouche believed their cell was bugged. In Bakker's view, "to say LaRouche was a little paranoid would be like saying that the '']'' had a little leak."<ref>{{harvnb|Witt|2004}}, p. 2.
* Also see {{harvnb|Bakker|Abraham|1996}}, pp. 250–251.</ref>


Viktor Kuzin, a member of the Moscow City Council and a founder of the ] in Russia,<ref>McFaul, Michael and Markov, Sergei, ''The Troubled Birth of Russian Democracy: Parties, Personalities, and Programs'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://books.google.com/books?id=0JV-QtLl3I0C&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=viktor+kuzin+moscow+city+council&source=bl&ots=tYe7jjyUwk&sig=0e2JJzW0iqLQMD4zwjm79VSeFi0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tGzPT9PLG6rY2gXBzLimDA&ved=0CFAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=viktor%20kuzin%20moscow%20city%20council&f=false|date=October 17, 2015}} Hoover Press, 1993</ref> travelled to Minnesota in 1993 to meet LaRouche in prison, and afterwards participated in international campaigns to exonerate LaRouche.<ref>Mitrofanov, Sergei, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111045253/http://old.russ.ru/persons/99-03-30/mitrof.htm |date=November 11, 2012 }}</ref> An advertisement calling for exoneration was published in several U.S. newspapers, signed by Kuzin, Civil Rights attorney ], former Ugandan president ], and others.<ref>''Alabama Times Daily'', {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19940928&id=7lAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wscEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4374,4247988|date=October 17, 2015}} September 28, 1994</ref> Chestnut was interviewed in the '']'' saying that when he met LaRouche, "I told him that he might as well be black and in Alabama."<ref>Reeves, Jay, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19940929&id=F0ggAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vaUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6418,9049416 |date=October 17, 2015 }}, ''The Tuscaloosa News'', September 30, 1994</ref>
===2003–2012: Overseas press coverage, financial crisis===


The exoneration campaigns garnered the support of a number of State Representatives and State Senators in the U.S., as well as a former justice of the Washington State Supreme Court.<ref>Miller, Dean, , ''The Spokesman-Review'', August 21,</ref><ref>Pittmen, David, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010231801/http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue2/1995/06/30/111451-four-lawmakers-seek-exoneration-of-lyndon-larouche/ |date=October 10, 2014}}, ''Tucson Citizen'', June 20, 1995</ref>
Iqbal Qazwini wrote in the Arabic-language daily '']'' in 2003 that LaRouche was one of the first to predict the fall of the ] in 1988 and ]. He said LaRouche had urged the West to pursue a policy of economic cooperation similar to the ] for the advancement of the economy of the socialist countries. According to Qazwini, recent years have seen a proliferation of LaRouche's ideas in China and South Asia. Qazwini referred to him as the spiritual father of the revival of the new Silk Road or ], which aims to link the continents through a network of ground transportation.<ref>Qazwini, Iqbal. , ''Asharq Al-Awsat'', January 23, 2003.</ref>


LaRouche was released on parole in January 1994, and returned to Loudoun County. ''The Washington Post'' wrote that he would be supervised by parole and probation officers until January 2004.<ref>Pea, Peter and Smith, Leef. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728161618/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/larou8.htm |date=July 28, 2017 }}, January 24, 1994.</ref> Also in 1994, his followers joined members of the ] to blame the ] for what they alleged were crimes and conspiracies against African Americans, reportedly one of several such meetings since 1992.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goodstein |first=Laurie |date=1994-09-02 |title=Nation of Islam official assails Jewish group |language=en-US |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/09/02/nation-of-islam-official-assails-jewish-group/9f5df911-86ef-43da-b6ac-390aea72c763/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
In April of 2005, Tang Yong of the '']'' of China covered LaRouche's record of economic forecasting, and his warning that the present financial and currency system was already unsalvageable, thus it must be radically restructured, not just merely reformed.<ref>Tang Yong, ''People's Daily'', , April 13, 2005.</ref>
Later that year, the paper published an eight-part interview with LaRouche, covering his economic forecasts, his battles with the American media, and his assessment of the ]. The interviewer wrote that LaRouche was "quite famous in mainland China today," and seemed to be better known overseas than in America.<ref>{{harvnb|Tang|2005}}</ref>


Former U.S. Attorney General ] wrote a letter in 1995 to then-Attorney General ] in which he said that the case against LaRouche involved "a broader range of deliberate and systematic misconduct and abuse of power over a longer period of time in an effort to destroy a political movement and leader, than any other federal prosecution in my time or to my knowledge". He asserted that, "The government, ex parte, sought and received an order effectively closing the doors of these publishing businesses, all of which were involved in First Amendment activities, effectively preventing the further repayment of their debts." He called the convictions "a tragic miscarriage of justice which at this time can only be corrected by an objective review and courageous action by the Department of Justice".<ref>{{cite web |last= Clark |first= Ramsey |title= Letter from former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark to Attorney General Janet Reno |work= LaRouche in 2004|access-date= October 11, 2008 |date= April 26, 1995 |url= http://larouchein2004.net/exoneration/clarkletter.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061221170153/http://larouchein2004.net/exoneration/clarkletter.htm|archive-date= December 21, 2006}}</ref> The LaRouche movement organized two panels to review the cases: the Curtis Clark Commission,<ref>{{cite web |title= The Curtis Clark Commission Findings: Exonerate Lyndon LaRouche |access-date= October 11, 2008 |date= September 3, 1994 |work= LaRouche in 2004 |url= http://larouchein2004.net/exoneration/exonappendix1.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031219040856/http://larouchein2004.net/exoneration/exonappendix1.htm|archive-date= December 19, 2003}}</ref> and the ].<ref>{{cite web|title= Statement of Mann-Chestnut Commission|publisher= ]|access-date= October 11, 2008|url= https://larouchepub.com/pr/1997/schiller_pr_04-21-97.html|format= Press release|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081014050826/http://www.larouchepub.com/pr/1997/schiller_pr_04-21-97.html|archive-date= October 14, 2008|url-status= live|df= mdy-all}}</ref>
In 2007, LaRouche began a national lobbying campaign to restore the ], saying that it would be possible to save the U.S. banking system by reorganizing it under bankruptcy protection.<ref> *Lindo, Bill, , ''Amandala Online'', March 31 2009
*Paine, Laura, , ''Patriot-Ledger'', February 8 2010</ref> Also during 2007 he proposed a "Homeowners and Bank Protection Act". This called for the establishment of a federal agency that would "place federal- and state-chartered banks under protection, freeze all existing home mortgages for a period of time, adjust mortgage values to fair prices, restructure existing mortgages at appropriate interest rates, and write off speculative debt obligations of mortgage-backed securities". The bill envisioned a foreclosure moratorium, allowing homeowners to make the equivalent of rental payments for an interim period, and an end to bank bail-outs, forcing banks to reorganize under bankruptcy laws. <ref>, saukvalley.com, November 2, 2007.</ref>


Beginning in 1994, LaRouche made numerous visits to Russia, participating in conferences of the ] of the ] (RAS), the RAS Institute of the Far East, and other places. He addressed seminars at the RAS Institute of Economics, the RAS Institute of Oriental Studies. He spoke at hearings in the ] of the Russian Federation on measures to ensure the development of the Russian economy at the point of destabilization of the world financial system.{{Clarify|reason=What is the "point of destabilization of the world financial system"?|date=October 2022}} Two of his books were translated into Russian.<ref name="zavtra.ru"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214061614/http://zavtra.ru/blogs/slovo-o-larushe |date=February 14, 2019 }}, editorial in ''Zavtra'' ("Tomorrow,") September 5, 2012 -translation into English available {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008021800/http://larouchepac.com/node/23825 |date=October 8, 2012 }}, accessed September 21, 2012</ref>
After the onset of the ], coverage of LaRouche began to increase. Tatiana Shishova interviewed him for '']'' in 2008, describing him as "the greatest American economist, a prominent politician, one of the first to struggle with the financial oligarchy and its major institutions—the World Bank and IMF. He has no equal in the field of economic and financial forecasts." She said that he predicted the Russian default in 1998, and in 2007 the collapse of the world markets, speaking at a hearing in the Russian ].<ref>{{harvnb|Shishov|2008}}</ref> LaRouche's forecast was also covered that year in the Chinese news agency ].<ref>''Xinhua,'' October 13, 2008.</ref> In December 2008, Ivo Caizzi of '']'' referred to him as "the guru politician who, since the nineties, has announced the crash of speculative finances and the need for a New ]." The article said Italian Economics Minister ] was "an attentive reader" of LaRouche's anti-Free Market and anti-Marxist writings. Italian Senator ], in a July 2009 speech before the Senate, called LaRouche an expert in the field who had predicted the crisis. Italian Euro-parliamentarian Mario Borghezio of the Northern League was quoted calling LaRouche, "an heretical economist who had forecast the financial crisis much in advance, and who has long since developed a lucid and deep analysis of the distortions of the world economic system."<ref>For Caizzi, see {{harvnb|Caizzi|2008}}.
*For Peterlini, see , July 21, 2009, p. 50. Google translation: "Our appeals and those of many other influential experts in the field, like that of American economist Lyndon LaRouche, have unfortunately remained unanswered, with the result that today we face a crisis that threatens to become a disaster like that of 1929. Today, everyone is calling for a new ], including Minister of Economy and Finance Tremonti."
*For Borghezio, see Foxman, Abraham, ''Jews and Money: The Story of a Stereotype'', p. 125, Macmillan, Nov 9, 2010</ref> LaRouche gave an interview in 2009 to Ju Hui of '']'', who wrote that LaRouche had warned in July 2007 that unless the United States stopped monopolizing world finances, and united with China, Russia, and India to reorganize the world financial system, a new global credit crisis would be unavoidable.<ref>Hui, Ju. , ''China Youth Daily'', July 24, 2009.</ref>


On September 18, 1996, a full-page advertisement appeared in the ''New Federalist'', a LaRouche publication, as well as '']'' and '']''. Entitled "Officials Call for LaRouche's Exoneration", its signatories included ], former ]; figures from the 1960s American ] such as ] (a leader of the Larouche-affiliated ]), ] (a Larouche movement participant) and ]; former ] ] and Democratic presidential candidate ]; ], who chaired the ]; and artists such as classical vocalist ] and violinist ], former 1st Violin of the ].<ref>{{cite web |title= Exonerate LaRouche|access-date= October 11, 2008 |work= LaRouche in 2004 |url= http://larouchein2004.net/exoneration/exonstatement.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040228111029/http://larouchein2004.net/exoneration/exonstatement.htm|archive-date= February 28, 2004}} LaRouche's Schiller Institute paid for the advertisement. Amelia Boynton Robinson was at that time a board member of the Institute. James Bevel and William Warfield had been active in various LaRouche organizations.</ref>{{Third-party source-inline|date=October 2022}}
Sergei Dyshlevsky in the Russian magazine ''Spekulant'' wrote in 2010 that LaRouche had been gaining popularity thanks to two successful long-term forecasts. In the first one made in the late 50s, he predicted the end of the ], which was liquidated in 1971. The second forecast predicted a new systemic crisis – the total collapse of the global economic system.<ref>Dyshlevsky, Sergei, ]. One article by Kirill Benedictine and Michael Diunov described LaRouche as one of the first (if not the first) experts who spoke about the global financial crisis.<ref> Benedictine, Kirill, and Diunov, Michael, , ''Terra-America'', April 23, 2012.</ref>


In 1996, LaRouche was invited to speak at a convention organized by the Nation of Islam's ] and ], then of the National African American Leadership Summit. As soon as he began speaking, he was booed off the stage.<ref>{{harvnb|Quinton|1996}}.</ref>
===2009: U.S. healthcare reform<!-- Death panel links here-->===
] with a ]]]


In the ], he received enough votes in Louisiana and Virginia to get one delegate from each state, but before the primaries began, the Democratic National Committee chair, ], ruled that LaRouche was not a "bona fide Democrat" because of his "expressed political beliefs&nbsp;... which are explicitly racist and anti-Semitic," and because of his "past activities, including exploitation of and defrauding contributors and voters." Fowler instructed state parties to disregard votes for LaRouche.<ref>
{{harvnb|Bligh|2008}}.
* LaRouche sued in federal court, claiming a violation of the ]. After losing in the district court, the case was appealed to the First District Court of Appeals, which upheld the lower court's decision. See {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215155904/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/152/974/543769/ |date=February 15, 2019 }}, August 28, 1998.
</ref>


LaRouche opposed attempts to impeach President ], charging it was a plot by the British Intelligence to destabilize the U.S. government.<ref>{{cite news|title=A long list of conspiracy feeders|first=Martin|last=Walker|work=The Gazette|location=Montreal, Que.|date=July 15, 1995|page=B.5}}</ref><ref>, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703234240/http://wlym.com/~oakland/brutish/BritKillPrez.pdf |date=July 3, 2011 }} ''The New Federalist'' (December 1994)</ref> In 1996 he called for the impeachment of Pennsylvania governor ].<ref>{{cite news|title=LaRouche takes call for Ridge impeachment to TV {{!}} Supporters have criticized changes in welfare program|work=The Patriot|location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|date=August 24, 1996|page=B.6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://larouchepub.com/impeach_ridge/index.html|title=Impeach Tom Ridge!|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233645/http://www.larouchepub.com/impeach_ridge/index.html|archive-date=March 3, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
During the discussion of U.S. health care reform in 2009, LaRouche advocated a ] bill, and took exception to what he described as ]'s proposal that "independent boards of doctors and health care experts make the life-and-death decisions of what care to provide, and what not, based on cost-effectiveness criteria." LaRouche said the proposed boards, later compared to "]" by ], would amount to the same thing as the ]' ] euthanasia program, and urged Americans to "quickly and suddenly change the behavior of this president ... for no lesser reason than that your sister might not end up in somebody's gas oven." His movement printed pamphlets showing Obama and ] laughing together, and posters of Obama with a Hitler-style mustache. In Seattle, police were called twice in response to people threatening to tear the posters apart, or to assault the LaRouche supporters holding them. During one widely reported public meeting, Congressman ] referred to the posters as "vile, contemptible nonsense."<ref>Overley, Jeff. "LaRouche activists press message; Demonstrators battle health care overhaul by likening ideas to Hitler's policies", ''Orange County Register'', August 23, 2009.
*For the pamphlets and posters, see {{harvnb|Schultz|2009}}.
*For the police being called, see {{harvnb|McNerthney|2009}}.
*For Barney Frank, see .
*For parallels between Palin's "death panel" comments and LaRouche, see , '']'', September 22, 2009, , '']'', August 24, 2009, as well as Mackey, below.
*Mackey, Robert. , ''The New York Times'', August 25, 2009.</ref>


Efforts to clear LaRouche's name continued, including in Australia, where the Parliament acknowledged receipt of 1,606 petition signatures in 1998.<ref> {{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, June 29, 1998</ref>
==Ideology==

===History as a struggle between Platonism and Aristotelianism===
In 1999, China's press agency, the ], reported that LaRouche had criticized the ], a congressional investigation that accused the Chinese of stealing U.S. nuclear weapons secrets, calling it a "scientifically illiterate hoax."<ref>{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, Xinhua News Agency, June 4, 1999.</ref> On October 13, 1999, during a press conference to announce his plans to run for president, he predicted the collapse of the world's financial system, saying, "There's nothing like it in this century. ...&nbsp;it is systematic and therefore inevitable." He said the U.S. and other nations had built the "biggest financial bubble in all history," which was close to bankruptcy.<ref>"LaRouche Vows to Change U.S. Politics if Elected President," Xinhua News Agency, October 25, 1999.</ref>
{{see|Views of Lyndon LaRouche}}

{{Quote box4
===2000s===
|quote = That view of ideas, is the basis upon which the thoughtful persons asks, "What is the outcome of my having lived? Is it, perhaps, the deeds I do, or the pain or pleasure which I experienced? Or, is it something less mortal, less perishable than mere deeds, mere acquisitions, mere pleasures?" What endured when Classical Greece died?<p> Plato endured.
====2000–2003: Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement, September 11 attacks, presidential run====
|source = Lyndon LaRouche<ref>, ''Executive Intelligence Review'', June 26, 1998.</ref>
]
|width = 25%

|align = right
LaRouche founded the Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement (WLYM) in 2000, saying in 2004 that it had hundreds of members in the U.S. and a lesser number overseas. During the Democratic primaries in June 2000, he received 53,280 votes, or 22% of the total, in ].<ref>For the founding of WYLM and the membership figures, see {{harvnb|Witt|2004}}, p. 2, and {{harvnb|Silva|2006}}.
}}
* For the Democratic primaries figures, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815142426/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2000/06/22/is-lyndon-a-democrat |date=August 15, 2020 }}, ''The Economist'', June 22, 2000.</ref> Despite finishing above the 15% threshold needed to obtain delegates, LaRouche was denied any delegates and was barred from attending the ].<ref name=":9">{{cite web|title=Political Briefing; A Spot for LaRouche? No Way, Party Says| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/11/us/political-briefing-a-spot-for-larouche-no-way-party-says.html|work=The New York Times|date=August 15, 2000|access-date=October 29, 2022}}</ref>
According to the ], LaRouche believes that a super elite (the "oligarchy") is in control of world events, a group that includes the Rockefellers, the London financial center, the British royal family, the Anti-Defamation League, the KGB, and the Heritage Foundation itself. Others include Nazis, Jesuits, Freemasons, Communists, Trilateralists, international bankers, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the Socialist International—all supposedly controlled by the British—as well as Hitler, H.G. Wells, Voltaire, and the Beatles as representatives of the ]. ] in ''Architects of Fear'' (1983) compares the view to the ]; after he wrote about LaRouche in ''The New York Times'', LaRouche's followers denounced Johnson as part of a conspiracy of elitists that began in ancient Egypt.<ref name=Johnson2>{{harvnb|Copulus|1984}}, p. 2.

*{{harvnb|Johnson|1983|pp=14, 187ff.}}.
In 2002, LaRouche's ''Executive Intelligence Review'' argued that the ] in 2001 had been an ] and "attempted coup d'etat", and that Iran was the first country to question it. The article received wide coverage in Iran, and was cited by senior Iranian government officials, including ] and ]. Mahmoud Alinejad wrote that, in a subsequent telephone interview with the ''Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran'', LaRouche said the attacks had been organized by rogue elements inside the U.S., aiming to use the incident to promote a war against Islam, and that Israel was a dictatorial regime prepared to commit Nazi-style crimes against the ].<ref>{{harvnb|Alinejad|2004|pp=105–106}}.</ref>
*{{harvnb|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=314ff.}}

*Also see Robins, Robert S. and Post, Jerrold M. (1997). "Lyndon LaRouche: The Extremity of Reason," ''Political Paranoia: The Psychopolitics of Hatred''. Yale University Press. Discussing LaRouche's view of history, they write (p. 194): "We have found no person who has developed a more complex, or more ingenious, paranoid theory than Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche, Jr."
In 2003, LaRouche was living in a "heavily guarded" rented house in ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428093533/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/2004/10/24/no-joke/882986fd-53f1-4443-95f8-f4f265d38f61/ |date=April 28, 2018 }} Retrieved May 7, 2018.</ref>
*For the relationships LaRouche has formed, including with Klan followers, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1989}}, p. 2.

*For the list of friends and foes, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1983}}, pp. 22, 188, 192–193. See p. 22 for inclusion of the Klan among his foes.
LaRouche again entered the primary elections for the Democratic Party's nomination in 2004, setting a record for the number of consecutive presidential campaigns; Democratic Party officials did not allow him to participate in candidate forum debates. He did not run in 2008.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227061710/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lyndon-larouche-tries-again/ |date=February 27, 2019 }}.
*For LaRouche on his philosophy, see LaRouche, Lyndon. , ''The Campaigner'', May–June 1978, p. 5ff.</ref>
* That he did not run in 2008, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605165602/http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2007/0711.klein.html |date=June 5, 2011 }}.</ref>

As during the preceding decade, LaRouche and his followers denied that human civilization had harmed the environment through ], ]s, or ]. According to ], "Pro-LaRouche publications have been at the forefront of denying the reality of ]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Lyndon LaRouche: Man of Vision or Venom?: What's the Real Story?|first=Chip|last=Berlet|publisher=Political Research Associates|date=September 13, 2007|url=http://www.publiceye.org/larouche/truestory.html|access-date=May 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514144919/http://www.publiceye.org/larouche/truestory.html|archive-date=May 14, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

====2003–2012: Overseas press coverage, financial crisis====
]
Iqbal Qazwini wrote in the Arabic-language daily '']'' in 2003 that LaRouche was one of the first to predict the fall of the ] in 1988 and ]. He said LaRouche had urged the West to pursue a policy of economic cooperation similar to the ] for the advancement of the economy of the socialist countries. According to Qazwini, recent years have seen a proliferation of LaRouche's ideas in China and South Asia. Qazwini referred to him as the spiritual father of the revival of the new ] or ], which aims to link the continents through a network of ground transportation.<ref>Qazwini, Iqbal. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222171129/http://translate.google.com/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=ar&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aawsat.com%2Fleader.asp%3Fsection%3D3%26issueno%3D8822%26article%3D148496 |date=February 22, 2017 }}, ''Asharq Al-Awsat'', January 23, 2003.</ref>

In 2005, the '']'' of China covered LaRouche's economic forecasts and published an eight-part interview with him; the interviewer wrote that LaRouche was "quite famous in mainland China today".<ref>{{harvnb|Tang|2005}}</ref><ref>Tang Yong, ''People's Daily'', {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513210957/http://world.people.com.cn/GB/41217/3317833.html|date=May 13, 2013}}, April 13, 2005.</ref>

In 2007, LaRouche began a national lobbying campaign to restore the ], saying that it would be possible to save the U.S. banking system by reorganizing it under bankruptcy protection.<ref>*Lindo, Bill, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528151555/https://amandala.com.bz/news/ |date=May 28, 2022 }}, ''Amandala Online'', March 31, 2009
* Paine, Laura, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203083630/http://www.patriotledger.com/your_vote/election-1/x128165993/Frank-meets-LaRouche-candidate-Brown-in-only-primary-debate |date=December 3, 2013 }}, ''Patriot-Ledger'', February 8, 2010</ref> Also in 2007, he proposed a "Homeowners and Bank Protection Act". This called for the establishment of a federal agency that would "place federal- and state-chartered banks under protection, freeze all existing home mortgages for a period of time, adjust mortgage values to fair prices, restructure existing mortgages at appropriate interest rates, and write off speculative debt obligations of mortgage-backed securities". The bill envisioned a foreclosure moratorium, allowing homeowners to make the equivalent of rental payments for an interim period, and an end to bank bailouts, forcing banks to reorganize under bankruptcy laws.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214233440/http://www.saukvalley.com/articles/2007/11/02/news/state/293146607163817.txt |date=February 14, 2019 }}, saukvalley.com, November 2, 2007.</ref> In spring 2007 he was an honorary foreign guest at a ceremony in honor of the 80th birthday of ] at the Russian Academy of Sciences.<ref name="zavtra.ru" />

====2009: U.S. health care reform<!-- Death panel links here-->====
] with a ]]]
During the discussion of U.S. health care reform in 2009, LaRouche advocated a ] bill and took exception to what he described as President ]'s proposal that "independent boards of doctors and health care experts make the life-and-death decisions of what care to provide, and what not, based on cost-effectiveness criteria." LaRouche said the proposed boards would amount to the same thing as the ]' ] euthanasia program. A press release from his political action committee asserted: "Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouchePAC are the source of the campaign to expose the Obama ‘health care’ policy as modeled on that of Hitler in 1939."<ref>{{cite news|last=Mackey|first=Robert|url=https://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/25/visitors-from-planet-larouche|title=Visitors from Planet LaRouche|work=The New York Times|date=August 25, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710153015/https://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/25/visitors-from-planet-larouche/|archive-date=July 10, 2017 }}</ref>

Images at tables of volunteers compared Obama to ], and at least one had a picture of Obama with a Hitler-style mustache. In Seattle, police were called twice in response to people threatening to attack the volunteers. During one widely reported public meeting, Congressman ] called the images "vile, contemptible nonsense."<ref>Overley, Jeff. "LaRouche activists press message; Demonstrators battle health care overhaul by likening ideas to Hitler's policies", ''Orange County Register'', August 23, 2009.</ref><ref>For the pamphlets and posters, see {{harvnb|Schultz|2009}}.</ref><ref>For the police being called, see {{harvnb|McNerthney|2009}}.</ref><ref>For Barney Frank, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901172319/http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/08/18/frank.heath.care/index.html |date=September 1, 2009 }}.</ref>

==Ideology and beliefs==
{{Main|Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement}}

] political philosophers ] and ] write of LaRouche that "t must be nearly unique in American politics that a presidential candidate&nbsp;... makes the interpretation of ] a major issue in his campaign."<ref>Zuckert, Catherine H and Michael P, ''The Truth about Leo Strauss: Political Philosophy and American Democracy'', p. 12</ref>

According to ], LaRouche saw history as a battle between ], who believe in absolute truth, and ], who rely on ] data. Johnson characterizes LaRouche's views as follows: the Platonists include figures such as ], ], ], ], and ]. LaRouche believed that many of the world's ills result from the dominance of Aristotelianism as embraced by the ] (such as ], ], ], and ]), leading to a culture that favors the empirical over the ], embraces ], and seeks to keep the general population uninformed. Industry, technology, and classical music should be used to enlighten the world, LaRouche argued, whereas the Aristotelians use ], drugs, ], jazz, environmentalism, and ] to bring about a new Dark Age in which the world will be ruled by ]. Left and right are false distinctions for LaRouche; what matters is the Platonic versus Aristotelian outlook, a position that has led him to form relationships with groups as disparate as farmers, nuclear engineers, ], ], and ] advocates.

In ''Architects of Fear'' (1983), Johnson compares LaRouche's view to an ]; Johnson writes that after he wrote about LaRouche in '']'', LaRouche's followers denounced him as part of a conspiracy of elitists that began in ].{{sfn|Johnson|1983|pp=187ff}}{{sfn|Copulus|1984|p=2}}{{sfn|Johnson|1983|pp=14}}{{sfn|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=314ff}}<ref>For LaRouche on his philosophy, see LaRouche, Lyndon. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609111116/http://wlym.com/PDF-77-85/CAM7806.pdf |date=June 9, 2011 }}, ''The Campaigner'', May–June 1978, p. 5ff.</ref> But according to LaRouche, Aristotelians are not necessarily in communication or coordination with one another: "From their standpoint, are proceeding by instinct," LaRouche said. "If you're asking how their policy is developed{{snd}}if there is an inside group sitting down and making plans{{snd}}no, it doesn't work that way&nbsp;... History doesn't function quite that consciously."<ref>{{harvnb|Toumey|1996|p=85ff.}}</ref>{{sfn|Johnson|1983|pp=187ff}}<ref>For the empiricists, see also {{harvnb|Robins|Post|1997|p=196}}.</ref><ref>For the list of friends and foes, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1983|pp=22, 188, 192–193, 198}}</ref><ref>For LaRouche's comment about the conspirators not needing to be in touch with each other, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1983|p=198}}.</ref>

In 2011, Stephen E. Adkins's ''Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History'' called LaRouche "the leading neo-fascist politician in the United States".{{Sfn|Atkins|2011|p=108}}

==Controversy==

LaRouche was described as having "] tendencies", taking positions on the ] (despite his self-identification with the ] and some left-wing policies), and creating ].<ref>For Rosenfeld in ''The Washington Post'', see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107165429/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/120029198.html?dids=120029198:120029198&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Sep+24%2C+1976&author=Stephen+S.+Rosenfeld&pub=The+Washington+Post++%281974-Current+file%29&edition=&startpage=A15&desc=NCLC%3A+%27A+Domestic+Political+Menace%27 |date=November 7, 2012 }}.</ref>

===Designation as a conspiracy theorist===
LaRouche was commonly regarded as a conspiracy theorist: for example, in his Fox News obituary.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lyndon LaRouche, perennial presidential candidate, dead at 96 |website=] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/lyndon-larouche-perennial-presidential-candidate-dead-at-96 |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328012303/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/lyndon-larouche-perennial-presidential-candidate-dead-at-96 |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |url-status=live |date=February 13, 2019 }}</ref> An article in the ]<ref>{{cite web |title='Prophet: Debt crisis a new world order plot |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2011/08/02/%E2%80%98prophet%E2%80%99-debt-crisis-new-world-order-plot |access-date=March 28, 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328012313/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2011/08/02/%25E2%2580%2598prophet%25E2%2580%2599-debt-crisis-new-world-order-plot |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> website names him as "a fringe ideologue and conspiracy theorist whom Chip Berlet, senior analyst at ] and an expert on the radical right calls "the man who brought us fascism wrapped in an American flag". An NPR obituary is titled ''Conspiracy Theorist And Frequent Presidential Candidate Lyndon LaRouche Dies At 96''.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Conspiracy Theorist And Frequent Presidential Candidate Lyndon LaRouche Dies At 96 |website=] |date=February 14, 2019 |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694626800/conspiracy-theorist-and-frequent-presidential-candidate-lyndon-larouche-dies-at- |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320115156/https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694626800/conspiracy-theorist-and-frequent-presidential-candidate-lyndon-larouche-dies-at- |archive-date=March 20, 2019 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all |last1=Doubek |first1=James }}</ref> ''The Washington Post'' obituary reports he was "often described as an extremist crank and fringe figure" and that he "built a worldwide following based on conspiracy theories, economic doom, anti-Semitism, homophobia and racism".<ref>{{cite news |title=Lyndon LaRouche Jr., conspiracy theorist and presidential candidate, dies at 96 |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/lyndon-larouche-jr-conspiracy-theorist-and-presidential-candidate-dies-at-96/2019/02/13/22170d42-2f21-11e9-813a-0ab2f17e305b_story.html |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328012306/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/lyndon-larouche-jr-conspiracy-theorist-and-presidential-candidate-dies-at-96/2019/02/13/22170d42-2f21-11e9-813a-0ab2f17e305b_story.html |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Allegations of antisemitism===
Beginning in the mid-1970s, allegations began to appear saying that LaRouche had ] and antisemitic tendencies.<ref>
For example, see {{harvnb|Rosenfeld|1976}}; {{harvnb|Horowitz|1981}}; {{harvnb|Lerman|1988}}; {{harvnb|Griffin|Feldman|2003}}, p. 144; and {{harvnb|Blamires|2006}}.
* Also see Chavis, Benjamin F. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4ZglAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XfUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5005,516671&dq=fascists+julian-bond+larouche&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}, ''Washington Afro-American'', August 12, 1986.
</ref>

In 1977, LaRouche married his second wife, ], a German 27 years younger than he. Her 1984 book, ''The Hitler Book'', argues that "We need a movement that can finally free Germany from the control of the ] and ] treaties, thanks to which we have staggered from one catastrophe to another for an entire century."<ref>In German: "Wir brauchen eine Bewegung, die Deutschland endlich aus der Kontrolle der Kräfte von Versailles und Jalta befreit, die uns schon ein ganzes Jahrhundert lang von einer Katastrophe in die andere stürzt."</ref> Helga founded the ], which has been described as ] by the '']'' and ], a nonprofit research group that studies right-wing, white supremacist, and militia groups.<ref>{{cite news |language=de |title=Tod auf der Straße |url=http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/2008/1023/seite3/0006/index.html |publisher=Berlineonline.de |work=Berliner Zeitung |date=October 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029030433/http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/2008/1023/seite3/0006/index.html |archive-date=October 29, 2008 |access-date=May 13, 2014}} Article title in English is "Death on the Streets".</ref><ref name=Newsnight>Samuels, Tim. "Jeremiah Duggan's death and Lyndon LaRouche," ''Newsnight'', February 12, 2004.</ref>

LaRouche claimed that he was ], not antisemitic.<ref name=Montgomery1979>{{harvnb|Montgomery|1979}}.</ref> When the ] (ADL) accused LaRouche of antisemitism in 1979, he filed a $26-million libel suit; the case failed when Justice Michael Dontzin of the ] ruled that it was ] and that the facts "reasonably give rise" to that description.<ref>{{harvnb|Copulus|1984|p=4, footnote 5}}.</ref><ref>Also see Binder, Sarah. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0URgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tHANAAAAIBAJ&pg=5372,277201&dq=dontzin+larouche&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}, The Canadian Press, September 1, 1984.</ref> LaRouche started a campaign against the ADL and set up a group called "The Provisional Committee to Clean Up B'nai Brith."{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}


LaRouche said in 1986 that descriptions of him as a neo-fascist or anti-Semite stemmed from "the drug lobby or the Soviet operation{{snd}}which is sometimes the same thing,"<ref>For the drug lobby quote, see {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=l1UcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q1IEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6978,5074258&dq=the-drug-lobby-or-the-soviet-operation-which-is-sometimes-the-same-thing&hl=en |date=October 17, 2015 }}.</ref><ref>Also see "LaRouche alleges conspiracy from Moscow to White House", Associated Press, April 19, 1986.</ref> and in 2006 wrote that "religious and racial hatred, such as antisemitism, or hatred against Islam, or, hatred of Christians, is, on record of known history, the most evil expression of criminality to be seen on the planet today."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://larouchepac.com/pages/writings_files/2006/060917_bernard_lewis_prt.htm |title=LaRouche, September 17, 2006 |access-date=October 22, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022223546/http://larouchepac.com/pages/writings_files/2006/060917_bernard_lewis_prt.htm |archive-date=October 22, 2006}}.</ref> ] wrote in 1988 that LaRouche used "the British" as a code word for "Jews,"<ref>{{harvnb|Lerman|1988|p=213}}.</ref> a theory also propounded by Dennis King, author of ''Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism'' (1989). George Johnson argued that King's presentation failed to take into account that several members of LaRouche's inner circle were Jewish.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1989|p=2}}.</ref> ] wrote in 1997 that LaRouche's references to the British really were to the British, though he agreed that an alleged British-Jewish alliance lay at the heart of LaRouche's conspiracism.<ref>{{harvnb|Pipes|1997|pp=137, 142}}.</ref>
LaRouche sees history as a battle between ], who believe in absolute truth, and ], who rely on ] data. Platonists in LaRouche's view include figures such as ], ], ], ], and Leibniz. He believes that many of the world's ills result from the dominance of Aristotelianism as embraced by the ] (such as Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume), leading to a culture that favors the empirical over the ], embraces ], and seeks to keep the general population uninformed. Industry, technology, and classical music should be used to enlighten the world, LaRouche argues, whereas the Aristotelians use psychotherapy, drugs, rock music, jazz, environmentalism, and quantum theory to bring about a new dark age in which the world will be ruled by the oligarchs. Left and right are false distinctions for LaRouche; what matters is the Platonic versus Aristotelian outlook, a position that has led him to form relationships with groups as disparate as farmers, nuclear engineers, ], Teamsters and pro-life advocates. The conspirators may not be in touch with one another: "From their standpoint, are proceeding by instinct," LaRouche has said. "If you're asking how their policy is developed—if there is an inside group sitting down and making plans—no, it doesn't work that way ... History doesn't function quite that consciously."<ref>{{harvnb|Toumey|1996|p=85ff.}}
*{{harvnb|Johnson|1983|pp=187ff.}}
*For the empiricists, see also {{harvnb|Robins|Post|1997|p=196}}.
*For the list of friends and foes, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1983|pp=22, 188, 192–193, 198}}; see p. 198 for LaRouche's comment about the conspirators not needing to be in touch with each other, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1983|p=198}}.</ref>


As of 2016, the ] states that "The international organization run by Lyndon LaRouche is a major source of such masked antisemitic theories globally. In the U.S. the LaRouchites spread these conspiracy theories in an alliance with aides to Minister ] of the ]. A series of LaRouchite pamphlets calls the neoconservative movement the 'Children of Satan', which links Jewish neo-conservatives to the historic rhetoric of the ]."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/neo-nazism-2 |title=Neo-Nazism |access-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502155600/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/neo-nazism-2 |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Allegations of fascism, anti-Semitism, and racism===
The LaRouche movement had Jewish members who had been recruited from the 1960s student movement.<ref name=Montgomery1979>{{harvnb|Montgomery|1979}}.</ref> From the mid-1970s onwards, the mainstream press and other commentators alleged that LaRouche had fascist and anti-Semitic tendencies.<ref>For example, see {{harvnb|Rosenfeld|1976}}; {{harvnb|Horowitz|1981}}; {{harvnb|Lerman|1988}}; {{harvnb|Griffin|Feldman|2003}}, p. 144; and {{harvnb|Blamires|2006}}.
*Also see Chavis, Benjamin F. , ''Washington Afro-American'', August 12, 1986.</ref> Paul Montgomery wrote in ''The New York Times'' that the charges dated to around 1976, when LaRouche's U.S. Labor Party began to include Zionist and Jewish groups in its stories about conspiracies. It started a campaign against the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai Brith (ADL), which included setting up a group called "The Provisional Committee to Clean Up B'Nai Brith." Montgomery wrote that material sold by LaRouche organizers in airports and shopping centers included a book that said Jews dominated the drug trade with the help of Jewish bankers.


===Allegations of racism===
LaRouche maintained that he was anti-Zionist, not anti-Semitic.<ref name=Montgomery1979/> When the ADL accused him of anti-Semitism in 1979, he filed a $26-million libel suit; Justice Michael Dontzin of the New York Supreme Court ruled that it was ], and that the facts "reasonably give rise" to that description.<ref>{{harvnb|Copulus|1984}}, p. 4, footnote 5.
] of ] wrote in 1998 that LaRouche tried in the mid-1980s to build bridges to the black community. Marable argued that most of the community was not fooled and quoted the ], an organization for African American trade unionists, declaring that "LaRouche appeals to fear, hatred and ignorance. He seeks to exploit and exacerbate the anxieties and frustrations of Americans by offering an array of scapegoats and enemies: Jews, Zionists, international bankers, blacks, labor unions{{snd}}much the way Hitler did in Germany."<ref name="Manning 1998">{{harvnb|Manning|1998}}.</ref> During LaRouche's slander suit against NBC in 1984, ], leader of the ], took the stand for LaRouche as a character witness, stating under oath that LaRouche's views on racism were "consistent with his own." Asked whether he had seen any indication of racism in LaRouche's associates, he replied that he had not.<ref>{{harvnb|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=317, 322}}.</ref>
*Also see Binder, Sarah. , The Canadian Press, September 1, 1984.</ref> LaRouche said in 1986 that descriptions of him as a neo-fascist or anti-Semite stemmed from "the drug lobby or the Soviet operation—which is sometimes the same thing," and in 2006 wrote that "religious and racial hatred, such as anti-Semitism, or hatred against Islam, or, hatred of Christians, is, on record of known history, the most evil expression of criminality to be seen on the planet today."<ref>For the drug lobby quote, see .
*Also see "LaRouche alleges conspiracy from Moscow to White House", Associated Press, April 19, 1986.
*.</ref> Antony Lerman wrote in 1988 that LaRouche used "the British" as a code word for "Jews," a theory also propounded by Dennis King, author of ''Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism'' (1989). George Johnson argued that King's presentation failed to take into account that several members of LaRouche's inner circle were themselves Jewish. ] wrote in 1997 that LaRouche's references to the British really were to the British, though he agreed that an alleged British-Jewish alliance lay at the heart of LaRouche's conspiracism.<ref>For Lerman, see {{harvnb|Lerman|1988|p=213}}.
*For Johnson, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1989|p=2}}.
*For Pipes, see {{harvnb|Pipes|1997|pp=137, 142}}.</ref>


===Disputed record as economist and forecaster===
] of Columbia University wrote in 1998 that LaRouche tried in the mid-1980s to build bridges to the black community. Marable argued that most of the community was not fooled, and quoted the ], an organization for African-American trade unionists, declaring that "LaRouche appeals to fear, hatred and ignorance. He seeks to exploit and exacerbate the anxieties and frustrations of Americans by offering an array of scapegoats and enemies: Jews, Zionists, international bankers, blacks, labor unions-much the way Hitler did in Germany."<ref name="Manning 1998">{{harvnb|Manning|1998}}.</ref> During LaRouche's slander suit against NBC in 1984, ], leader of the ], took the stand for LaRouche as a character witness, stating under oath that LaRouche's views on racism were "consistent with his own." Asked whether he had seen any indication of racism in LaRouche's associates, he replied that he had not.<ref>{{harvnb|George|Wilcox|1992|pp=317, 322}}.</ref> Innis received criticism from many blacks for having testified on LaRouche's behalf.<ref name="Manning 1998"/><ref>Bivins, Larry. "Frist embraces King's legacy," ''USA Today'', January 21, 2003.</ref>
LaRouche material frequently acclaims him as the world's greatest economist and the world's most successful forecaster. For example, his book title ''The Economics of the Noösphere: Why Lyndon LaRouche Is the World's Most Successful Economic Forecaster of the Past Four Decades''.<ref>The book has the puff: "American Economist Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., has been right in his long-range economic and related forecasts{{snd}}in contrast to virtually all other economists and political leaders, who have been simply wrong." {{cite book |title=(Book sales page) |isbn = 978-1980307884|last1 = Vernadsky|first1 = Vladimir|last2 = Larouche|first2 = Lyndon|date = February 16, 2018| publisher=Independently Published }}</ref> However, a website of disgruntled ex-movement leaders lists incorrect predictions of sudden world economic collapse, war or depression in 1956, 1961–1970, 1972, 1975–1992,<ref>] occurred, however LaRouche's actual statements in advance were to refer lukewarmly to predictions made by unnamed "leading European financial officials" {{cite web |id=laroucheplanet |url=http://laroucheplanet.info/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Cult.FcrasH |title=The "Financial Crash/Economic Depression" |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064709/http://laroucheplanet.info/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Cult.FcrasH |archive-date=November 16, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and 1994–2011.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |id=laroucheplanet |url=http://laroucheplanet.info/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Cult.FcrasH |title=The "Financial Crash/Economic Depression" |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064709/http://laroucheplanet.info/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Cult.FcrasH |archive-date=November 16, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Apart from the numerous failed predictions are claimed some successful predictions or proposals: the eventual reunification of Germany,<ref name="auto"/> the Star Wars initiative, the New Silk Road<ref name="auto"/> (claimed as a precursor to the Chinese ].){{Third-party inline|date=October 2022}}
Andrei Fursov, a Russian historian and academician at the International Academy of Sciences in Innsbruck, Austria, was interviewed in 2012 by the Russian publication ''Terra America'' and asked to comment on the characterizations of LaRouche in Western media. He replied that intellectuals who have called LaRouche a fascist do not deserve to be called intellectuals, and that the charge has no basis in any real scientific analysis of politics.<ref>Benedictine, Kyrill, interview with Andrei Fursov, , Terra-America, April 19, 2012</ref>


==Movement== ==Movement==
{{main|LaRouche movement}} {{Main|LaRouche movement}}
Estimates of the size of LaRouche's movement have varied over the years; most say there is a core membership of 500–2000. The estimated 600 members in 1978 paid monthly dues of $24. Johnson wrote in 1983 that the Fusion Energy Foundation and National Democratic Policy Committee had attracted some 20,000 members, as well as 300,000 magazine subscribers.<ref>In 1974 Larouche said the NCLC had 1,000 members and his other organizations 1,000–2,000; see Valentine, Paul W. (February 25, 1974), "NCLC Fights a Psychic War Against CIA and Left Rivals", ''The Capital Times'' (Madison, Wis.): pp. 22–23. Estimates of the size of LaRouche's movement have varied over the years; most say there is a core membership of 500 to 2,000. The estimated 600 members in 1978 paid monthly dues of $24. Johnson wrote in 1983 that both the ] and the National Democratic Policy Committee had attracted some 20,000 members, as well as 300,000 magazine subscribers.<ref>In 1974 Larouche said the NCLC had 1,000 members and his other organizations 1,000 to 2,000; see Valentine, Paul W. (February 25, 1974), "NCLC Fights a Psychic War Against CIA and Left Rivals", ''The Capital Times'' (Madison, Wis.): pp. 22–23.</ref><ref>For 20,000 members in the Fusion Energy Foundation and National Democratic Policy Committee, and 300,000 magazine subscribers, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1983|p=191}}.</ref><ref>In 1987 John Mintz of the ''Washington Post'' wrote that there more than 500 members worldwide; see Mintz, September 20, 1987.</ref><ref>In 2004 ''The Washington Post'' estimated that the LaRouche Youth Movement had hundreds of members in the U.S. and more abroad; see {{harvnb|Witt|2004}}.</ref>
*For 1978 membership, see .
*For 20,000 members in the Fusion Energy Foundation and National Democratic Policy Committee, and 300,000 magazine subscribers, see {{harvnb|Johnson|1983|p=191}}.
*By 1986 LaRouche said his group had 10,000 active members and an annual budget of $30 million; see Springston, Rex. , ''Richmond Times-Dispatch'', April 4, 1986.
*In 1987 John Mintz of the ''Washington Post'' wrote that there more than 500 members worldwide; see Mintz, September 20, 1987.
*In 2004 ''The Washington Post'' estimated that the LaRouche Youth Movement had hundreds of members in the U.S. and more abroad; see {{harvnb|Witt|2004}}.</ref>


According to Christopher Toumey, LaRouche's ] within the movement was grounded on members' belief that he possessed a unique level of insight and expertise. He identified an emotionally charged issue, conducted in-depth research into it, and then proposed a simplistic solution, which usually involved restructuring of the economy or national security apparatus. He and the membership portrayed anyone opposing him as immoral and part of the conspiracy.<ref>{{harvnb|Toumey|1996|p=86}}</ref><ref>Mintz, September 20, 1987; see above.</ref><ref>{{cite web |agency=The Washington Post |first1=Timothy R. | last1=Smith |title=Lyndon LaRouche Jr. – conspiracy theorist, presidential candidate and longtime Virginian – dies |url=https://www.richmond.com/news/obituary/lyndon-larouche-jr-conspiracy-theorist-presidential-candidate-and-longtime-virginian/article_ae264da7-71de-58cd-8884-c39b02abffb9.html |url-access=subscription |website=Richmond Times-Dispatch |date=February 13, 2019 |access-date=February 14, 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214144258/https://www.richmond.com/news/obituary/lyndon-larouche-jr-conspiracy-theorist-presidential-candidate-and-longtime-virginian/article_ae264da7-71de-58cd-8884-c39b02abffb9.html |archive-date=February 14, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
A 1987 article by John Mintz in ''The Washington Post'' reported that members lived hand-to-mouth in crowded apartments, their basic needs—such as a mattress and pillowcase—paid for by the movement. They worked raising money or selling newspapers for LaRouche, doing research for him, or singing in a group choir, spending almost every waking hour together.<ref name=MintzSep201987>.</ref>


===Description as a cult===
According to Christopher Toumey, LaRouche's ] within the movement is grounded on members' belief that he possesses a unique level of insight and expertise. He identifies an emotionally charged issue, conducts in-depth research into it, then proposes a simplistic solution, usually involving restructuring of the economy or national security apparatus. He and the membership portray anyone opposing him as immoral and part of the conspiracy.<ref>{{harvnb|Toumey|1996|p=86}}, and Mintz, September 20, 1987; see above.</ref> The group is known for its caustic attacks on people it opposes and former members. In the past it has justified what it refers to as "psywar techniques" as necessary to shake people up; Johnson in 1983 quoted a LaRouche associate: "We're not very nice, so we're hated. Why be nice? It's a cruel world. We're in a war and the human race is up for grabs."<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1983|pp=191–192}}.</ref> Charles Tate, a former long-term LaRouche associate, told ''The Washington Post'' in 1987 that members see themselves as not subject to the ordinary laws of society: "They feel that the continued existence of the human race is totally dependent on what they do in the organization, that nobody would be here without LaRouche. They feel justified in a peculiar way doing anything whatsoever."<ref name=MintzSep201987/>
The LaRouche movement has been described as a cult or cult-like by critics and anti-cult organizations.<ref>The LaRouche movement was treated in a series on cults in the Washington Post in 1985, in company with for example the ] (Orange People){{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/main.htm |title=Ideological Odyssey: From Old Left to Far Right |author=John Mintz |newspaper=] |access-date=July 6, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040113074000/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/main.htm |archive-date=January 13, 2004 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">"One of America’s contributions to the 20th-century’s rich legacy of dangerous political cult leaders" {{cite web |title=Political Cult Leader Lyndon LaRouche Dies at 96 |date=February 13, 2019 |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/02/political-cult-leader-lyndon-larouche-dies-at-96.html |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042317/http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/02/political-cult-leader-lyndon-larouche-dies-at-96.html |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/the-cult-and-the-candidate-553850.html |title=The cult and the candidate |website=] |date=July 20, 2004 |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528205628/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/the-cult-and-the-candidate-553850.html |archive-date=May 28, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>"But in Germany, they are seen as a political cult{{snd}}and a potentially dangerous one" {{cite web |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/09/18/lyndon-larouche-is-running-a-pro-china-party-in-germany/ |website=Foreign Policy |title=Lyndon LaRouche Is Running A Pro-China Party In Germany |date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042318/https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/09/18/lyndon-larouche-is-running-a-pro-china-party-in-germany/ |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>


A 1987 article by John Mintz in ''The Washington Post'' reported that members of the LaRouche movement lived hand-to-mouth in crowded apartments, with their basic needs paid for by the movement. They worked raising money or selling newspapers for LaRouche, doing research for him, or singing in a group choir, spending almost every waking hour together.<ref name=MintzSep201987> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107184131/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73846043.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Sep+20%2C+1987&author=John+Mintz&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=c.01&desc=Inside+the+Weird+World+of+Lyndon+LaRouche |date=November 7, 2012 }}.</ref>
==Selected works==

{{refbegin|2}}
The group is known for its caustic attacks on opponents and former members. It has justified what it calls "psywar techniques" as necessary to shake people up; Johnson in 1983 quoted a LaRouche associate: "We're not very nice, so we're hated. Why be nice? It's a cruel world. We're in a war and the human race is up for grabs".<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|1983|pp=191–192}}.</ref> Charles Tate, a former LaRouche associate, told ''The Washington Post'' in 1987 that members see themselves as exempt from the ordinary laws of society: "They feel that the continued existence of the human race is totally dependent on what they do in the organization, that nobody would be here without LaRouche. They feel justified in a peculiar way doing anything whatsoever."<ref name=MintzSep201987/>
*Marcus, Lynn. . New York: West Village Committee for Independent Political Action, 1967.

*with ]. ''Mass action''. SDS Regional Labor Committee,1968.<!--check this-->
==Death==
*''The philosophy of Socialist education''. New York: National Caucus of Labor Committees, 1969.
LaRouche's death was announced on the website of one of his organizations. He died on February 12, 2019, at age 96. Neither the place nor cause of his death was specified.<ref name="NYTDeath"/>
* with Uwe Henke von Papert. ''Centrism as a social phenomenon: how not to build a revolutionary party''. New York: National Caucus of SDS Labor Committees 1970

*''Education, science and politics''. New York: National Caucus of Labor Committees, 1972.
==Publications==
*''The question of Stalinism today''. New York: Campaigner Publications, 1975.
{{Refbegin|40em}}
*''How the International Development Bank will work''. New York: Campaigner Publications, 1975.
* (as Lyn Marcus). New York: West Village Committee for Independent Political Action (1967).
*''A presidential campaign white paper on agricultural production''. New York: New Solidarity International Press Service, 1975.
* ''Mass Action'', with ]. Ann Arbor, Michigan: ] (1968).<!--check this-->
*''The Rothschilds, from Pitt to Rockefeller''. 1976
* ''The Philosophy of Socialist Education''. New York: ] (1969).
*. New York: Heath, 1975. ISBN 0-669-85308-9
* ''Centrism as a Social Phenomenon: How Not to Build a Revolutionary Party'' (as Lyn Marcus), with Uwe Henke von Parpart. New York: ] (1970).
*. New York: Campaigner Publications, 1977. ISBN 0-918388-06-6
* ''Education, Science and Politics''. New York: ] (1972).
*. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House Pub. Co, 1979. ISBN 0-933488-03-3
*. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House Pub. House, 1979. ISBN 0-933488-01-7 * New York: Campaigner Publications (1975). ''The Campaigner'', vol. 8, no. 9 (Nov. 1975).
* New York: Campaigner Publications (1975).
*. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House Pub. Co, 1979. ISBN 0-933488-02-5
* ''A Presidential Campaign White Paper on Agricultural Production''. New York: New Solidarity International Press Service (1975).
*''Basic Economics for Conservative Democrats''. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House Pub. Co, 1980. ISBN 0-933488-04-1
* ''The Rothschilds, from Pitt to Rockefeller'' (1976). {{OCLC|4895071}}.
*. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House Pub. Co, 1980. ISBN 0-933488-06-8
*. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House Pub. Co, 1980. ISBN 0-933488-08-4 * New York: Heath (1975). {{ISBN|0669853089}}.
*with ]. . New York: New Benjamin Franklin House, 1980. ISBN 0-933488-09-2 * New York: Campaigner Publications (1977). {{ISBN|0918388066}}.
* New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1979). {{ISBN|0933488033}}.
*. Executive Intelligence Review, 1982.
*''There Are No Limits to Growth''. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House, 1983. ISBN 0-933488-31-9 * New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1979). {{ISBN|0933488017}}.
*. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House, 1984. ISBN 0-943235-13-8 * New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1979). {{ISBN|0933488025}}.
*. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House, 1984. ISBN 0-933488-33-5 * New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1980). {{ISBN|0933488041}}.
* New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1980). {{ISBN|0933488068}}.
*''The Power of Reason, 1988: An Autobiography''. Washington, D.C.: ''Executive Intelligence Review'', 1987. ISBN 0-943235-00-6
* New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1980). {{ISBN|0933488084}}.
*''In Defense of Common Sense''. Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1989. ISBN 0-9621095-3-3
* , with ]. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1980). {{ISBN|0933488092}}.
*''The Science of Christian Economy''. Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1991. ISBN 0-9621095-6-8
* New York: ] (1982).
*with Paul Gallager. ''Cold Fusion: A Challenge to U.S. Science Policy''. Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1992. ISBN 0-9621095-7-6
* New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1983). {{ISBN|0933488319}}.
*''Now, Are You Ready to Learn About Economics?'' Washington, D.C.: EIR News Service, 2000. ISBN 0-943235-18-9
* New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1984). {{ISBN|0943235138}}.
*''The Economics of the Nöosphere'' Washington, D.C.: EIR News Service, 2001. ISBN 0-943235-20-0
* New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1984). {{ISBN|0933488335}}.
{{refend}}
* ''The Power of Reason, 1988: An Autobiography''. Washington, D.C.: '']'' (1987). {{ISBN|0943235006}}.
* ''In Defense of Common Sense''. Washington, D.C.: ] (1989). {{ISBN|0962109533}}.
* ''The Science of Christian Economy''. Washington, D.C.: ] (1991). {{ISBN|0962109568}}.
* , with Paul Gallager. Washington, D.C.: ] (1992). {{ISBN|0962109576}}.
* ''Now, Are You Ready to Learn About Economics?'' Washington, D.C.: ] (2000). {{ISBN|0943235189}}.
* ''The Economics of the Nöosphere''. Washington, D.C.: ] (2001). {{ISBN|0943235200}}.
{{Refend}}


==Notes== == References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


{{anchor|Books general}}
==References==
===Works cited===
;Books or chapters about LaRouche{{anchor|Books LaRouche}}
;Books or chapters about LaRouche
{{refbegin|indent=yes|2}}
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
:{{citation|last1=Alexander|first1=Robert Jackson|year=1991|chapter = The Strange Case of the National Caucus of Labor Committees | title=International Trotskyism, 1929–1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement|isbn=978-0-8223-1066-2|publisher=Duke University Press |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_eUtQjseKaIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA944}}
:{{citation|last=Blamires|first=Cyprian|year=2006|title=Lyndon LaRouche|work=World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn= 1-57607-940-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nvD2rZSVau4C&pg=PA375}} * {{citation |last1=Alexander |first1=Robert Jackson |date=1991 |chapter=The Strange Case of the National Caucus of Labor Committees |title=International Trotskyism, 1929–1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement |isbn=978-0-8223-1066-2 |publisher=Duke University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_eUtQjseKaIC&pg=PA944}}
:{{citation|last=Gilbert|first=Helen|year=2003|title=Lyndon LaRouche: Fascism Restyled for the New Millennium|publisher=Red Letter Press, 2003|isbn= 978-0-932323-21-7|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=Z9p7qmNGTicC&printsec=frontcover&dq}} * {{citation |last=Blamires |first=Cyprian |date=2006 |title=Lyndon LaRouche |encyclopedia=World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=1-57607-940-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nvD2rZSVau4C&pg=PA375}}
:{{Citation | last = George | first = John | last2 = Wilcox | first2 = Laird M. | chapter = The LaRouche Network | title = Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe: Political Extremism in America | year = 1992 | publisher = Prometheus Books | page = 312ff | isbn = 978-0-87975-680-2 | url = http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=58647858 }} * {{Citation |last1=George |first1=John |last2=Wilcox |first2=Laird M. |chapter=The LaRouche Network |title=Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe: Political Extremism in America |date=1992 |publisher=Prometheus Books |page=312ff |isbn=978-0-87975-680-2 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=58647858}}
:{{citation|last=Johnson|first=George|year=1983|chapter=The 'New Dark Ages' Conspiracy|title=Architects of Fear: Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia in American Politics|publisher=J.P Tarcher|isbn= 0-87477-275-3|url= }} * {{citation |last=Johnson |first=George |date=1983 |chapter=The 'New Dark Ages' Conspiracy |title=Architects of Fear: Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia in American Politics |publisher=J.P Tarcher |isbn=0-87477-275-3}}
:{{citation|last=King|first=Dennis|year=1989|title=Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism|work=Doubleday|isbn=978-0-385-23880-9|url= }} * {{citation |last=King |first=Dennis |date=1989 |title=Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism |work=Doubleday |isbn=978-0-385-23880-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/larouchenewamericanfascism}}
:{{citation|last=Knight|first=Peter|year=2003|chapter=LaRouche, Lyndon|title=Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn= 1-57607-812-4|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qMIDrggs8TsC&pg=PA423}} * {{citation |last=Lerman |first=Antony |date=1988 |chapter=Le Pen and LaRouche: Political Extremism in Democratic Societies |editor-last=Frankel |editor-first=William |isbn=978-0-8386-3322-9 |title=Survey of Jewish Affairs 1987 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press |page=202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IMiLBWqCsAC&pg=PA202}}
:{{citation|last=Lerman|first=Antony|year=1988|chapter=Le Pen and LaRouche: Political Extremism in Democratic Societies|editor-last=Frankel|editor-first=William|isbn=978-0-8386-3322-9|title=Survey of Jewish Affairs 1987|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|page=202|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=9IMiLBWqCsAC&pg=PA202}} * {{citation |last=Manning |first=Marable |date=1998 |chapter=Black Fundamentalism: Louis Farrakhan and the Politics of Conservative Black Nationalism (part IV) |title=Black Leadership |publisher=Columbia University Press |pages=175–182}}
:{{citation|last=Marable|first=Manning|year=1998|chapter=Black Fundamentalism: Louis Farrakhan and the Politics of Conservative Black Nationalism (part IV)|title=Black Leadership|publisher=Columbia University Press|pages=175–182}} * {{citation |last1=Robins |first1=Robert S. |last2=Post |first2=Jerrold M. |date=1997 |chapter=Lyndon LaRouche: The Extremity of Reason |title=Political Paranoia: The Psychopolitics of Hatred |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0-300-07027-6}}
* {{citation |last=Toumey |first=Christopher P. |chapter=The LaRouche Theory of AIDS/HIV |title=Conjuring Science: Scientific Symbols and Cultural Meanings in American Life |date=1996 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-2285-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kV7j8tUq0rcC&pg=PA84}}
:{{citation|chapter=The LaRouche-Organization: In the Gray Zone between Extremism, Cultism and Political Exoticism|first=Matthias |last=Mletzko|title=Yearbook of Extremism and Democracy|edition=7th |year=1995|editor1-first=Uwe |editor1-last=Backes|editor2-first=Eckhard |editor2-last=Jesse |publisher=Nomos Publishers |location=Baden-Baden}}
:{{citation|last=Rausch|first=John David|year=2003|chapter=Executive Intelligence Review|editor-last=Knight|editor-first=Peter|isbn=978-1-57607-812-9|title=Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page= 245|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qMIDrggs8TsC&pg=PA245}} * {{citation |last1=Tourish |first1=Dennis |last2=Wohlforth |first2=Tim |date=2000 |title=On the Edge: Political Cults Right and Left |publisher=M.E Sharpe |isbn=0-7656-0639-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXcsNRUuHEUC}}
:{{citation|last=Robins|first=Robert S.|last2=Post|first2=Jerrold M.|year=1997|chapter=Lyndon LaRouche: The Extremity of Reason|title=Political Paranoia: The Psychopolitics of Hatred|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0-300-07027-6 | url = }}
:{{citation|last=Toumey|first=Christopher P.|chapter=The LaRouche Theory of AIDS/HIV|title=Conjuring Science: Scientific Symbols and Cultural Meanings in American Life|year=1996|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-2285-2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kV7j8tUq0rcC&pg=PA84}}
:{{citation|last=Tourish|first=Dennis|last2=Wohlforth|first2=Tim|year=2000|title=On the Edge: Political Cults Right and Left|publisher=M.E Sharpe|isbn= 0-7656-0639-9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xXcsNRUuHEUC&printsec=frontcover&dq }}
{{refend}} {{refend}}


;Books (general){{anchor|Books general}} ;Books (general)
{{Refbegin|2|indent=yes}} {{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
:{{citation|last=Alinejad|first=Mahmoud |editor1-last=Van Der Weer|editor1-first=Peter|year=2004|chapter=Political Islam in Iran and the emergence of a religious public sphere: The impact of September 11|title=Media, War, and Terrorism: Responses from the Middle East and Asia|publisher=Routledge|isbn= 0-415-33140-4|url= }} * {{citation |last=Alinejad |first=Mahmoud |editor1-last=Van Der Weer |editor1-first=Peter |date=2004 |chapter=Political Islam in Iran and the emergence of a religious public sphere: The impact of September 11 |title=Media, War, and Terrorism: Responses from the Middle East and Asia |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-33140-4}}
:{{citation|last1=Bakker|first1=Jim|last2=Abraham|first2=Ken|year=1996|title=I Was Wrong|publisher=T. Nelson|isbn=978-0-7852-7425-4}} * {{citation |last1=Bakker |first1=Jim |last2=Abraham |first2=Ken |date=1996 |title=I Was Wrong |publisher=T. Nelson |isbn=978-0-7852-7425-4}}
:{{citation|last1=Berlet|first1=Chip|last2=Lyons|first2=Matthew Nemiroff|title=Right-wing populism in America: too close for comfort|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Md1aRhWNk1QC|year=2000|publisher=Guilford Press|isbn=978-1-57230-562-5}} * {{citation |last1=Berlet |first1=Chip |last2=Lyons |first2=Matthew Nemiroff |title=Right-wing populism in America: too close for comfort |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Md1aRhWNk1QC |date=2000 |publisher=Guilford Press |isbn=978-1-57230-562-5}}
:{{citation|last=Davidson|first=Osha Gray|year=1990|title=Broken heartland: The Rise of America's Rural Ghetto|publisher=Free Press|isbn= 0-02-907055-4|url= }} * {{citation |last1=Griffin |first1=Roger |last2=Feldman |first2=Matthew |date=2003 |title=Fascism: Critical Concepts in Political Science |publisher=Volume 5, Routledge |isbn=0-415-29020-1}}
:{{citation|last=Fraser|first=Clara|year=1998|title=Revolution, She Wrote|publisher=Red Letter Press, 1998|isbn= 0-932323-04-9|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=b7vMu2aThQgC&printsec=frontcover&dq}} * {{citation |last=Michael |first=George |author-link=George Michael (professor) |title=Willis Carto and the American Far Right |publisher=University Press of Florida |isbn=978-0-8130-3198-9 |date=2008}}
:{{citation|last=Hunt|first=Linda|origyear = 1975|year=1991|title=Secret Agenda: The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1945 to 1990|publisher=St. Martin's Press|url= }} * {{citation |last=Pipes |first=Daniel |date=1997 |title=Conspiracy: How the Paranoid Style Flourishes and Where It Comes From |publisher=Free Press |isbn=0-684-83131-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPdv8sAtZ4UC}}
:{{citation|last=Griffin|first=Roger|last2=Feldman|first2=Matthew|year=2003|title=Fascism: Critical Concepts in Political Science|publisher=Volume 5, Routledge|isbn= 0-415-29020-1|url= }} * {{citation |last=Sheppard |first=Barry |title=The Party: The Socialist Workers Party 1960–1988 |isbn=1-876646-50-0 |publisher=Resistance Books |date=2005}}
:{{citation|last=Jacobs|first=Harold|year=1971|title=Weatherman|publisher=Ramparts Press|isbn= 671207253|url= }} * {{citation |last=Sims |first=Patsy |date=1996 |title=The Klan |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-0887-X}}
:{{citation|last=Johnson|first=Donald Bruce|year=1978|title=National Party Platforms: 1960–1976|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn= 0-252-00688-7|url= }}
:{{citation|last=Michael|first=George|authorlink=George Michael (professor)|title=Willis Carto and the American Far Right|publisher=University Press of Florida|isbn=978-0-8130-3198-9|year=2008}}
:{{citation|last=Markus|first=Andrew|year=2001|title=Race: John Howard and the Remaking of Australia|publisher=Allen & Unwin, 2001|isbn= 1-86448-866-2|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=UA0-5v3JN0QC&printsec=frontcover&dq}}
:{{citation|last=Pipes|first=Daniel|year=2003|chapter=October Surprise|editor1-last=Knight|editor2-first=Peter|title= Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2|publisher= ABC-Clio|pages= 547–50|url= http://www.danielpipes.org/1654/the-october-surprise-theory }}
:{{citation|last=Pipes|first=Daniel|year=1997|title=Conspiracy: How the Paranoid Style Flourishes and Where It Comes From|publisher=Free Press|isbn= 0-684-83131-7|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=PPdv8sAtZ4UC&printsec=frontcover&dq}}
:{{citation|last=Seife|first=Charles|year=2008|title=Sun in a Bottle: The Strange History of Fusion and the Science of Wishful Thinking|publisher=Penguin Group|isbn= 0-670-02033-8|url= }}
:{{citation|last=Sheppard|first=Barry|title=The Party: The Socialist Workers Party 1960–1988|isbn=1-876646-50-0|publisher=Resistance Books|year=2005}}
:{{citation|last=Sims|first=Patsy|year=1996|title=The Klan|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn= 0-8131-0887-X|url= }}
:{{citation|last=Weir|first=David|first2= Noyes|last2=Dan|year=1983|title=Raising Hell: How the Center for Investigative Reporting Gets the Story|publisher=Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc|isbn= 0-201-10859-3|url= }}
{{refend}} {{refend}}


;News articles{{anchor|news}} ;News articles
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}} {{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{citation |last=Bradley |first=Paul |title=An old thorn back in Democrats' side; for the eighth time, Lyndon LaRouche is seeking the presidency |work=Richmond Times |date=February 8, 2004 |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/timesdispatch/access/543226331.html?dids=543226331:543226331&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+08%2C+2004&author=Paul+Bradley%3B+*+Contact+Paul+Bradley+at+%28703%29+548-8758+or+pbradley%40timesdispatch.com&pub=Richmond+Times+-+Dispatch&desc=AN+OLD+THORN+BACK+IN+DEMOCRATS%27+SIDE+%3B+FOR+THE+EIGHTH+TIME%2C+LYNDON+LAROUCHE+IS+SEEKING+THE+PRESIDENCY&pqatl=google}}{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}.
:Associated Press. , October 24, 1984.
* {{citation |last1=Donner |first1=Frank |last2=Rothenberg |first2=Randall |title=The Strange Odyssey of Lyndon LaRouche |work=The Nation |date=August 16, 1980 |pages=142–147 |url=http://www.thenation.com/archive/strange-odyssey-lyndon-larouche}}.
:{{citation|last=Associated Press|date=February 24, 1985|title=Judgment is reduced in LaRouche-NBC Case|url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E7DF1339F937A15751C0A963948260 | work=The New York Times}}.
* {{citation |last=Dorr |first=Robert |title=Activist in Franklin Probe Is LaRouche Running Mate |work=Omaha World—Herald |date=September 20, 1992}}
:{{citation|last=Associated Press|date=August 10, 1986|year=1986a|title=Court Fines LaRouche $2,000 For Not Answering Questions|url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DEFDB1E39F933A2575BC0A960948260 | work=The New York Times}}.
* {{citation |last=Edds |first=Margaret |title=James S. Gilmore III: Intense, All-Business Attorney General Already Has Stepped From Allen's Shadow |work=The Virginian-Pilot |date=April 2, 1995}}.
:{{citation|last=Associated Press|date=April 19, 1986|year=1986b|title=''LaRouche alleges conspiracy from Moscow to White House''|url= }}.
:{{citation|last=Associated Press|date=September 20, 1986|title=LaRouche to pay $250,000 to NBC|work=The New York Tomes|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/20/us/larouche-to-pay-250000-to-nbc.html?scp=19&sq=LaRouche&st=nyt}}. * {{citation |last=Frantz |first=Douglas |title=Raid bares LaRouche dark world |work=Chicago Tribune |date=October 12, 1986 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1986/10/12/raid-bares-larouche-dark-world/}}.
:{{citation|last=Associated Press|date=April 7, 1988|title=LaRouche Lawyers Seek North's Notebooks|work=The New York Times|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/07/us/larouche-lawyers-seek-north-s-notebooks.html}}. * {{citation |last=Green |first=Stephen |title=A merchant of political hate |work=The San Diego Union |date=January 19, 1985}}.
:{{citation|last=Barry|first=John|title=Making of a Myth|work=Newsweek|date=November 11, 1991|url= http://www.newsweek.com/id/127304/output/print }}. * {{citation |last=Johnson |first=George |title=A menace or just a crank? |work=The New York Times |date=June 18, 1989 |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE5DF123CF93BA25755C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=3}}.
:{{citation|last=Bartley|first=Robert L.|title=Joining LaRouche In the Fever Swamps: The New York Times and The New Yorker go off the deep end|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 9, 2003|url= http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/rbartley/?id=110003602 }}. * {{citation |last=Lowther |first=William |title=U.S. extremist grows as political force |work=Toronto Star |date=March 30, 1986}}.
* {{citation |last=McNerthney |first=Casey |title=LaRouche supporter threatened for linking Obama to Hitler |work=Seattle Post Intelligencer |date=July 14, 2009 |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/seattle911/archives/173712.asp}}.
:Blair, William. , ''The New York Times'', March 19, 1987.
* {{citation |last=Mintz |first=John |title=Ideological Odyssey: From Old Left to Far Right |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 14, 1985a |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/main.htm}}.
:{{citation|last=Blum|first=Howard|title=U.S. Labor Party: Cult Surrounded by Controversy|work=New York Times|date=October 7, 1979|url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70816FA3F5C11728DDDAE0894D8415B898BF1D3&scp=1&sq=%22U.S.%20Labor%20Party:%20Cult%20Surrounded%20by%20Controversy&st=cse }}.
* {{citation |last=Mintz |first=John |title=Some Officials Find Intelligence Network 'Useful' |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 15, 1985b |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/larouche/larou1.htm}}.
:Boyer, Edward J. , ''Los Angeles Times'', May 31, 1986.
* {{citation |last=Montgomery |first=Paul L. |title=How a Radical-Left Group Moved Toward Savagery |work=The New York Times |date=January 20, 1974 |url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F50E17FB385F107A93C2AB178AD85F408785F9}}.
:{{citation|last=Bradley|first=Paul|title=An old thorn back in Democrats' side; for the eighth time, Lyndon LaRouche is seeking the presidency|work=Richmond Times|date=February 8, 2004|url= http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/timesdispatch/access/543226331.html?dids=543226331:543226331&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+08%2C+2004&author=Paul+Bradley%3B+*+Contact+Paul+Bradley+at+%28703%29+548-8758+or+pbradley%40timesdispatch.com&pub=Richmond+Times+-+Dispatch&desc=AN+OLD+THORN+BACK+IN+DEMOCRATS%27+SIDE+%3B+FOR+THE+EIGHTH+TIME%2C+LYNDON+LAROUCHE+IS+SEEKING+THE+PRESIDENCY&pqatl=google }}.
* {{citation |last=Montgomery |first=Paul L. |title=One Man Leads U.S. Labor Party on His Erratic Path |work=New York Times |date=October 8, 1979 |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F1061FF93F5C11728DDDA10894D8415B898BF1D3&scp=1&sq=One%20Man%20Leads%20U.S.%20Labor%20Party%20on%20His%20Erratic%20Path&st=cse}}.
:{{citation|last=Brubaker|first=Bill|title=Incest Verdict Is Bittersweet For Daughter Of Minister|work=The Washington Post|date=April 12, 2008|url= http://www.washingtonpost.com.nyud.net/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/11/AR2008041102574_pf.html }}.
* {{citation |last=Perlman |first=Jeffrey A. |title=No Longer Written Off by Political Opponents, LaRouche Elbowing Into Limelight |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 27, 1984 |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/676757122.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+27%2C+1984&author=JEFFREY+A+PERLMAN&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%281923-Current+File%29&edition=&startpage=A16&desc=Politics+%2784|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107184149/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/676757122.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+27%2C+1984&author=JEFFREY+A+PERLMAN&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%281923-Current+File%29&edition=&startpage=A16&desc=Politics+%2784|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 7, 2012}}.
:{{citation|last=Caizzi|first=Ivo|title=LaRouche's prophecy: to return to fixed exchange rates|work=Corriere della Sera |date=December 18, 2008|url= http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/dicembre/18/profezia_LaRouche_tornare_cambi_fissi_co_9_081218012.shtml }}.
:{{citation|last=Chapman|first=William|title=U.S. Labor Party: Far to the Left Of the Far Left|work=The Washington Post|date=September 12, 1976|url= }}. * {{citation |last=Quinton |first=Robinson |title=Million Man drive dips to hundreds; Gathering backs probe of CIA |work=The Commercial Appeal |date=September 30, 1996}}.
* {{cite news |last1=Roderick |first1=Kevin |title=LaRouche Wrote of Using AIDS to Win Presidency |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-17-mn-5571-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |date=17 October 1986}}
:{{citation|last=''Chicago Tribune''|title=LaRouche sees death plot by drug dealers, Soviets|date=April 10, 1986|url= http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/25002845.html?dids=25002845:25002845&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Apr+10%2C+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=LAROUCHE+SEES+DEATH+PLOT+BY+DRUG+DEALERS%2C+SOVIETS&pqatl=google|work=Chicago Tribune}}.
* {{citation |last=Rosenfeld |first=Stephen |title=NCLC: A Domestic Political Menace |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 24, 1976 |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/120029198.html?dids=120029198:120029198&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Sep+24%2C+1976&author=Stephen+S.+Rosenfeld&pub=The+Washington+Post++(1974-Current+file)&edition=&startpage=A15&desc=NCLC%3A+%27A+Domestic+Political+Menace%27|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104132803/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/120029198.html?dids=120029198:120029198&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Sep+24,+1976&author=Stephen+S.+Rosenfeld&pub=The+Washington+Post++(1974-Current+file)&edition=&startpage=A15&desc=NCLC:+'A+Domestic+Political+Menace'|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 4, 2013}}.
:{{citation|last=Clark|first=John|last2=Weibel|first2=Mike|title=Frankhouser 'broken' by arrest in LaRouche probe|work=The Morning Call, Allentown, Pa|date=January 18, 1987|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/mcall/access/92380836.html?dids=92380836:92380836&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+18%2C+1987&author=JOHN+CLARK+And+MIKE+WEIBEL%2C+The+Morning+Call&pub=Morning+Call&desc=FRANKHOUSER+%27BROKEN%27+BY+ARREST+IN+LAROUCHE+PROBE&pqatl=google }}.
* {{citation |last=Schultz |first=Erin |title=Obama's plan blasted as Nazi-like: LaRouche demonstrations across the North Fork question health care policy |work=The Suffolk Times |date=July 23, 2009 |url=http://www2.timesreview.com/ST/Stories/T071609_Obama_ES}}.
:Clines, Frances X. , ''The New York Times'', October 11, 1973.
:{{citation|last=CNN|title=Barney Frank goes toe to toe at health care town hall|work=CNN|date=August 19, 2009; video|url= http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/08/18/frank.heath.care/index.html }}. * {{citation |last=Shenon |first=Philip |title=LaRouche warns U.S on any move to arrest him |work=The New York Times |date=October 8, 1986 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/08/us/larouche-warns-us-on-any-move-to-arrest-him.html?scp=1&sq=&st=nyt}}.
* {{citation |last=Siano |first=Brian |title=The Skeptical Eye: Big Head's Back |work=The Humanist |date=May 1992 |volume=52 |issue=3}}.
:Corn, David. , ''The Nation'', June 26, 1989.
:{{citation|last=Cohen|first=David|title=Drop-Outs Ask Students to Join LaRouche Cause|work=The Daily Californian|date=February 11, 2004|url= http://www.dailycal.org/article/14111/drop-outs_ask_students_to_join_larouche_cause }}. * {{citation |last=Silva |first=Christina |title=Colleges consider stressing danger of pressure groups |work=Boston Globe |date=April 14, 2006}}.
* {{citation |last=St. Petersburg Times |title=LaRouche claims security council behind indictment |date=July 9, 1987}}.
:{{citation|last=Degen|first=Wolfgang|title=Nur die Legende hat ein langes Leben|work=Wiesbadener Kurier|date=April 19, 2007|url= http://web.archive.org/web/20080313011614/http://www.main-rheiner.de/region/objekt.php3?artikel_id=2793524|accessdate=February 13, 2011}}.
* {{citation |last=Tang |first=Yong |title='I'll get to China sometime': Interview (VIII) |work=People's Daily |date=November 22, 2005 |url=http://english.people.com.cn/200511/22/eng20051122_223153.html}}.
:''Der Spiegel'' (September 22, 1980). ; ; .
:{{citation|last=Donner|first=Frank|last2=Rothenberg|first2=Randall|title=The Strange Odyssey of Lyndon LaRouche|work=The Nation|date=August 16, 1980|pages= 142–147|url= http://www.thenation.com/archive/strange-odyssey-lyndon-larouche }}. * {{citation |last=Tipton |first=Virgil |title=LaRouchies set sights on Missouri |work=Chicago Tribune |date=March 31, 1986}}.
* {{citation |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 1, 2007 |title=Kenneth L.Kronberg: Sterling Businessman |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/30/AR2007043001772_pf.html}}.
:{{citation|last=Dorr|first=Robert|title=Activist in Franklin Probe Is LaRouche Running Mate|work=Omaha World—Herald|date=September 20, 1992|url= }}
* {{citation |last=Tong |first=Betsy |title=Class acts most likely to ... Notable graduates of Boston area high schools |work=Boston Globe |date=June 12, 1994 |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/61972367.html?dids=61972367:61972367&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+12%2C+1994&author=Material+for+this+yearbook+issue+was+compiled+and+researched+by+Betsy+QM+Tong&pub=Boston+Globe+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=CLASS+ACTS+MOST+LIKELY+TO+.+.+.+Notable+graduates+of+Boston+area+high+schools&pqatl=google|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628221653/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/61972367.html?dids=61972367:61972367&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+12,+1994&author=Material+for+this+yearbook+issue+was+compiled+and+researched+by+Betsy+QM+Tong&pub=Boston+Globe+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=CLASS+ACTS+MOST+LIKELY+TO+.+.+.+Notable+graduates+of+Boston+area+high+schools&pqatl=google|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 28, 2011}}.
:Drum, Kevin. , CBS News, October 29, 2007.
* {{citation |last=Witt |first=April |title=No Joke |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=October 24, 2004 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46883-2004Oct20.html}}.
:{{citation|last=Edds|first=Margaret|title=James S. Gilmore III: Intense, All-Business Attorney General Already Has Stepped From Allen's Shadow|work=The Virginian-Pilot|date=April 2, 1995|url= }}.
:{{citation|last=Edelman|first=Eric|title=A Special Relationship in Jeopardy|work=The American Interest Magazine|date=July 2010|url= http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=827}}.
:{{citation|last=Eichel|first=Larry|title=LaRouche speaks his mind|work=Philadelphia Inquirer|date=April 10, 1986|page= A18|url= http://articles.philly.com/1986-04-10/news/26077542_1_national-democratic-policy-committee-perennial-presidential-candidate-larouche-group }}.
:{{citation|last=Emerson|first=Steven|title=No October Surprise|work=American Journalism Review|date=March 1993|url= http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3138/is_n2_v15/ai_n28622664/ }}.
:{{citation|last=Estill|first=Robert|title='Forgotten majority' cited by LaRouche|work=The San Diego Union|date=April 10, 1986|page= A2|url= }}.
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{{refend}} {{refend}}


;Journal and other papers, records{{anchor|papers}} ;Journal and other papers, records
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* {{citation |last=Lynch |first=Pat |title=Is Lyndon LaRouche using ''your'' name? |work=Columbia Journalism Review |date=March 1985}}
:{{citation|last=Copulus|first=Milton R.|title=The LaRouche Network|work=Institutional Analysis, No. 28, Heritage Foundation|date=July 19, 1984|url = http://web.archive.org/web/20060119064440/http://www.heritage.org/Research/PoliticalPhilosophy/upload/91214_1.pdf |accessdate=February 13, 2011 }}
:{{citation|last=Horowitz|first=Irving Louis|title=Left-wing fascism: An infantile disorder|work=Society, Vol 18, Number 4|publisher=Springer New York|date=May 1981|url= http://www.springerlink.com/content/172k1667567466l2/ }} * {{citation |last=Wohlforth |first=Tim |title=A '60s Socialist Takes a Hard Right |work=Public Eye |access-date=September 4, 2009 |url=http://www.publiceye.org/larouche/Wohlforth.html}}
:{{citation|last=Lynch|first=Pat|title=Is Lyndon LaRouche using ''your'' name?|work=Columbia Journalism Review|date=March 1985|url= }}
:{{citation|last=Marable|first=Manning|authorlink=Manning Marable|date=Spring 1998|work=]|location=New York|volume=45|issue=2|pages=69–77|url=http://kanda-db1.ggasoftware.com/Summary/Dissent/V45I2P69-1.htm}}
:Watson, Francis. , Heritage Foundation, Institution Analysis No. 7, July 19, 1978.
:{{citation|last=Wohlforth|first=Tim|title=A '60s Socialist Takes a Hard Right|work=Public Eye|note= undated|accessdate=September 4, 2009|url= http://www.publiceye.org/larouche/Wohlforth.html }}
:{{cite web |url=http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Search/PRF/individual_record.asp?recid=940345623 |title=Individual Record: Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche |publisher=familysearch.org |accessdate=February 13, 2011 }}
:{{cite web |url=http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Search/PRF/individual_record.asp?recid=940345622&lds=2&region=-1&regionfriendly=&frompage=99 |title=Individual Record: Jessie Lenore Weir |publisher=familysearch.org |accessdate=February 13, 2011 }}
:{{citation|title=LaRouche, Lyndon H. Jr.: Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report|publisher=U.S. Office of Government Ethics|date=May 2, 2003|url= http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/pfd2002/N00002047_2002.pdf |accessdate =February 13, 2011}}
{{refend}} {{refend}}


;LaRouche publications{{anchor|LaRouchepub}} ;LaRouche publications
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}} {{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{citation |last=LaRouche |first=Lyndon |date=1979 |title=The Power of Reason: A Kind of Autobiography |publisher=New Benjamin Franklin House |isbn=978-0-933488-01-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/ThePowerOfReason1988AnAutobiography}}
:{{citation|work=Executive Intelligence Review|date=undated (a)|title=Have the Mass Media Brainwashed your Neighbor about Lyndon LaRouche?|url= http://www.larouchepub.com/exon/exon.html }}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche|first=Lyndon|year=1979|title=The Power of Reason: A Kind of Autobiography|publisher=New Benjamin Franklin House|isbn= 978-0-933488-01-4|url=http://ia700304.us.archive.org/5/items/ThePowerOfReason1988AnAutobiography/powerofreason.pdf }} * {{citation |last=LaRouche |first=Lyndon |date=1987 |title=The Power of Reason: An Autobiography |publisher=Executive Intelligence Review |isbn=978-0-943235-00-4}}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche|first=Lyndon|year=1987|title=The Power of Reason: An Autobiography|publisher=Executive Intelligence Review|isbn= 978-0-943235-00-4|url= }} * {{citation |last=LaRouche |first=Lyndon |title=How The Workers League Decayed |work=NCLC internal document |date=June 27, 1970}}
* {{citation |last=LaRouche Political Action Committee |title=The Woman on Mars |date=1988 |url=http://larouchepac.com/node/7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102032055/http://larouchepac.com/node/7 |archive-date=January 2, 2010}}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche|first=Lyndon|title=How The Workers League Decayed|work=NCLC internal document|date=June 27, 1970|url= }}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche, Lyndon|title='He's a Bad Guy, But We Can't Say Why'|work=Executive Intelligience Review|date=March 10, 2000, Retrieved August 25, 2009|url= http://www.larouchepub.com/lar/2000/lar_bad_guy_2710.html }}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche|first=Lyndon|title=The Tale of the Hippopotamus|work=Executive Intelligence Review|date=February 9, 1998|url= http://www.larouchepub.com/lar/1998/lhl_hippo_tale.html }}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche|first=Lyndon|date=1973b|title=Beyond Psychoanalysis|work=The Campaigner|DUPLICATE DATA: date=September/October 1973|url= http://wlym.com/PDF-68-76/CAM74BP.pdf }}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche|first=Lyndon|title=Sexual Impotence of the Puerto Rican Socialist Party|work=The Campaigner|date=November 1973|url= http://www.ex-iwp.org/related001.php}}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche|first=Lyndon|title=A Scientifically Illiterate Hoax|work=Executive Intelligence Review|date=June 4, 1999|url= http://www.larouchepub.com/lar/1999/lar_cox_report_2623.html }}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche|first=Lyndon|title=What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union?, Answers From LaRouche, National Cadre School|date=February 1, 2003|url= http://web.archive.org/web/20031011204719/larouchein2004.net/pages/questions/youth/030201penn004.htm }}
:{{citation|last=LaRouche|first=Lyndon|title=Britain's Bernard Lewis & His Crimes|publisher=LaRouche political action committee|date=September 17, 2006|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20061022223546/http://larouchepac.com/pages/writings_files/2006/060917_bernard_lewis_prt.htm|accessdate=February 10, 2011}}
:{{citation|last=Steinberg|first=Jeffrey|title=LaRouche Will Lead Democrats to November Landslide Win|work=Executive Intelligence Review|date=August 13, 2004|url= http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2004/3132lar_victory_plan.html }}
{{refend}} {{refend}}


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
<!--========================({{No More Links}})============================
* {{citation|last=Davidson|first=Osha Gray|year=1990|title=Broken heartland: The Rise of America's Rural Ghetto|publisher=Free Press|isbn= 978-0029070550}}
| PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. WIKIPEDIA |
* {{citation|last=Hunt|first=Linda|orig-year= 1975|year=1991|title=Secret Agenda: The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1945 to 1990|publisher=St. Martin's Press}}
| IS NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS NOR SHOULD IT BE USED FOR ADVERTISING. |
* {{citation|last=Jacobs|first=Harold|year=1971|title=Weatherman|publisher=Ramparts Press|isbn=978-0671207250|url=https://archive.org/details/weatherman00jaco}}
| |
* {{citation|last=Johnson|first=Donald Bruce|year=1978|title=National Party Platforms: 1960–1976|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn= 978-0252006883}}
| Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. |
* {{citation|last=Markus|first=Andrew|year=2001|title=Race: John Howard and the Remaking of Australia|publisher=Allen & Unwin|isbn=978-1864488661|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UA0-5v3JN0QC|access-date=June 17, 2015|archive-date=August 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809095219/http://books.google.com/books?id=UA0-5v3JN0QC&printsec=frontcover|url-status=live}}
| See ] & ] for details. |
* {{citation|last=Pipes|first=Daniel|year=2003|chapter=October Surprise|editor1-last=Knight|editor1-first=Peter|title=Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2|publisher=ABC-Clio|pages=547–50|chapter-url=http://www.danielpipes.org/1654/the-october-surprise-theory|access-date=September 11, 2009|archive-date=July 1, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701050931/http://www.danielpipes.org/1654/the-october-surprise-theory|url-status=live}}
| |
* {{citation|last=Seife|first=Charles|year=2008|title=Sun in a Bottle: The Strange History of Fusion and the Science of Wishful Thinking|publisher=Penguin Group|isbn= 978-0670020331}}
| If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or |
* {{citation|last1=Weir|first1=David|first2=Noyes|last2=Dan|year=1983|title=Raising Hell: How the Center for Investigative Reporting Gets the Story|publisher=Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc|isbn=978-0201108590|url=https://archive.org/details/raisinghellhowce00weir}}
| replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link |
{{Refend}}
| to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) |
| and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. |
=======================({{No More Links}})=============================-->
{{refbegin|2}}
* , Retrieved February 13, 2011.
* , Retrieved February 13, 2011.
* , Retrieved February 13, 2011.
* , Retrieved February 13, 2011.
*Atkins, Stephen E. "LaRouche, Lyndon Hermyle," ''Encyclopedia of Modern American Extremists and Extremist Groups''. Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0-313-31502-7
*Beyes-Corleis, Aglaja (1994). ''Verirrt: Mein Leben in einer radikalen Politorganisation''. Herder. ISBN 3-451-04278-9
*Berlet, Chip (1981). "War on Drugs. The Strange Story of Lyndon LaRouche," ''High Times'', May 1981.
*{{citation|last=Berlet|first=Chip|last2=Bellman|first2=Joel|title=Fascism Wrapped in an American Flag|work=Public Eye|date=October 10, 1989|url= http://www.publiceye.org/larouche/nclc1.html |accessdate=February 13, 2011}}.
*{{citation|last=Hearst|first=Ernest|first2=Chip|last2=Berlet|first3=Jack|last3=Porter|year=2007|chapter=Neo-Nazism|editor1-last= Berenbaum|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=Skolnik|editor2-first=Fred|title= Encyclopaedia Judaica|volume=15|publisher= Macmillan|url= }}
*Kalimtgis, Konstandinos and Goldman, David (1978). ''Dope, Inc.: Britain's Opium War Against The U.S.''. New Benjamin Franklin House Pub. Co (LaRouche).
*King, Dennis and Radosh, Ronald (1984). "The LaRouche Connection," ''The New Republic'', November 19, 1984, p.&nbsp;15.
*King, Dennis (1982). "LaRouche: A Dictatorial Mind at Work", ''New America'', April–May 1982.
*LaRouche, Lyndon (1976–2008). , ''YouTube'', accessed September 7, 2009.
*Political Research Associates. , Retrieved February 13, 2011.
*Riggs, Carol (1996). ''Lyndon LaRouche: A Study in Political Extremism''. George Mason University.
*Roberts, Paul (1995). ''An American Fuhrer: Lyndon Larouche and the Politics of Paranoia''. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312021615\
*Rowell, Andrew (1996). ''Green Backlash: Global Subversion of the Environment Movement''. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-12828-5
*Schiller Institute. , Retrieved February 10, 2011.
*The Nizkor Project. , Retrieved February 10, 2011.
*Zuckert, Catherine H. and Zuckert, Michael (2006). ''The Truth about Leo Strauss: Political Philosophy and American Democracy''. University Of Chicago Press, p.&nbsp;11ff. ISBN 0-226-99332-9


==External links==
;Newspaper archives of material on LaRouche
{{Sister project links|d=Q550629|c=Category:Lyndon LaRouche|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
*, before 1981.
*
*, 1981–present.
*
*, before 1987.
<!-- ========================({{No More Links}})============================
*, 1987–present.
| PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. WIKIPEDIA |
*Mintz, John. , ''The Washington Post'', includes a series on LaRouche by Mintz and links to other ''Post'' articles on LaRouche.
| IS NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS NOR SHOULD IT BE USED FOR ADVERTISING. |
*, before 1985.
| |
*, 1985–present.
| Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. |
| See ] & ] for details. |
| |
| If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or |
| replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link |
| to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) |
| and link back to that category using the {{Curlie}} template. |
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* {{C-SPAN|1008872}}


{{LaRouche movement|state=expanded}}
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{{United States presidential election, 1988}} {{1992 United States presidential election}}
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Revision as of 21:36, 20 December 2024

American political activist (1922–2019)

Lyndon LaRouche
LaRouche, circa 1988
BornLyndon Hermyle LaRouche Jr.
(1922-09-08)September 8, 1922
Rochester, New Hampshire, U.S.
DiedFebruary 12, 2019(2019-02-12) (aged 96)
Other namesLyn Marcus
EducationNortheastern University (no degree)
OrganizationNational Caucus of Labor Committees
Political party
MovementLaRouche movement
Spouses
  • Janice Neuberger ​ ​(m. 1954; div. 1963)​
  • Helga Zepp ​(m. 1977)​
Signature
Leader of the U.S. Labor Party
In office
1973–1979
Preceded byParty established
Succeeded byParty dissolved
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Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche Jr. (September 8, 1922 – February 12, 2019) was an American political activist who founded the LaRouche movement and its main organization, the National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC). He was a prominent conspiracy theorist and perennial presidential candidate. He began in far-left politics in the 1940s and later supported the civil rights movement; however, in the 1970s, he moved to the far-right. His movement is sometimes described as, or likened to, a cult. Convicted of fraud, he served five years in prison from 1989 to 1994.

Born in Rochester, New Hampshire, LaRouche was drawn to socialist and Marxist movements in his twenties during World War II. In the 1950s, while a Trotskyist, he was also a management consultant in New York City. By the 1960s, he became engaged in increasingly smaller and more radical splinter groups. During the 1970s, he created the foundation of the LaRouche movement and became more engaged in conspiratorial beliefs and violent and illegal activities. Instead of the radical left, he embraced radical right politics and antisemitism. At various times, he alleged that he had been targeted for assassination by Queen Elizabeth II, Zionist mobsters, his own associates (who he said had been drugged and brainwashed by CIA and British spies), in addition to others.

It is estimated that the LaRouche movement never exceeded a few thousand members, but it had an outsize political influence, raising more than $200 million by one estimate, and running candidates in more than 4,000 elections in the 1980s. It was noted for disguising its candidates as conservative Democrats and harassing opponents. It reached its height in electoral success when Larouchite candidates won the Democratic primaries for the 1986 Illinois gubernatorial election and related state offices; this alarmed Democratic Party officials, whose national spokesman called the Larouchites "kook fringe". The defeated mainstream Democratic candidates ran in the general election as members of the Illinois Solidarity Party; the Larouchite Democrats all finished a distant third. Later in the 1980s, as part of the LaRouche criminal trials, criminal investigations led to convictions of several LaRouche movement members, including LaRouche himself. He was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment but served only five.

LaRouche was a perennial candidate for President of the United States. He ran in every election from 1976 to 2004 as a candidate of third parties established by members of his movement, peaking at around 78,000 votes in the 1984 United States presidential election. He also tried to gain the Democratic presidential nomination. In the 1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries, he received 5% of the total nationwide vote. In 2000, he received enough primary votes to qualify for delegates in some states, but the Democratic National Committee refused to seat his delegates and barred LaRouche from attending the Democratic National Convention.

Early life

LaRouche was born in Rochester, New Hampshire, the oldest of three children of Jessie Lenore (née Weir) and Lyndon H. LaRouche Sr. His paternal grandfather's family emigrated to the United States from Rimouski, Quebec, whereas his maternal grandfather was born in Scotland. His father worked for the United Shoe Machinery Corporation in Rochester before the family moved to Lynn, Massachusetts.

His parents became Quakers after his father converted from Catholicism. They forbade him from fighting with other children, even in self-defense, which he said led to "years of hell" from bullies at school. As a result, he spent much of his time alone, taking long walks through the woods and identifying in his mind with great philosophers. He wrote that, between the ages of 12 and 14, he read philosophy extensively, embracing the ideas of Leibniz and rejecting those of Hume, Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, Rousseau, and Kant. He graduated from Lynn English High School in 1940. In the same year, the Lynn Quakers expelled his father from the group, for reportedly accusing other Quakers of misusing funds, while writing under the pen name Hezekiah Micajah Jones. LaRouche and his mother resigned in sympathy for his father.

University studies, Marxism, marriage

LaRouche attended Northeastern University in Boston and left in 1942. He later wrote that his teachers "lacked the competence to teach me on conditions I was willing to tolerate". As a Quaker, he was a conscientious objector during World War II and joined a Civilian Public Service camp in lieu of military service. In 1944, he decided to enlist in the United States Army and served with the Medical Corps in India and Burma during the Burma campaign. At the end of the war, LaRouche was working as a clerk in the Ordnance Corps, and later described his decision to enlist as of the most important decision of his life. In his 1988 autobiography, LaRouche claimed that being asked to express his views on the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a group of fellow G.I.s led him to define his "principal lifelong political commitment, that the United States should take postwar world leadership in establishing a world order dedicated to promoting the economic development of what we call today "developing nations".

LaRouche wrote that he discussed Marxism in the CO camp, and while traveling home on the SS General Bradley in 1946, he met Don Merrill, a fellow soldier, also from Lynn, who converted him to Trotskyism. Back in the U.S., he resumed his education at Northeastern University but dropped out. He returned to Lynn in 1948 and the next year joined the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) to recruit at the GE River Works there, adopting the name "Lyn Marcus" for his political work. He arrived in New York City in 1953, where he worked as a management consultant. In 1954 he married Janice Neuberger, a member of the SWP. Their son, Daniel, was born in 1956.

Career

1960s

Teaching and the National Caucus of Labor Committees

Further information: National Caucus of Labor Committees

Twenty to thirty students would ... sit on the floor surrounding LaRouche, who now sported a very shaggy beard ... LaRouche gave them esoteric assignments, such as searching through the writings of Georges Sorel to discover Rudd's anarchistic origins, or studying Rosa Luxemburg's The Accumulation of Capital.

—Tim Wohlforth

By 1961, the LaRouches were living on Central Park West in Manhattan, and LaRouche's activities were mostly focused on his career and not on the SWP. He and his wife separated in 1963, and he moved into a Greenwich Village apartment with another SWP member, Carol Schnitzer, also known as Larrabee. In 1964 he began an association with an SWP faction called the Revolutionary Tendency, a faction later expelled from the SWP, and came under the influence of British Trotskyist leader Gerry Healy.

For six months, LaRouche worked with American Healyite leader Tim Wohlforth, who later wrote that LaRouche had a "gargantuan ego" and "a marvelous ability to place any world happening in a larger context, which seemed to give the event additional meaning, but his thinking was schematic, lacking factual detail and depth." Leaving Wohlforth's group, LaRouche briefly joined the rival Spartacist League before announcing his intention to build a new Fifth International.

In 1967, LaRouche began teaching classes on Marx's dialectical materialism at New York City's Free School, and attracted a group of students from Columbia University and the City College of New York, recommending that they read Das Kapital, as well as Hegel, Kant, and Leibniz. During the 1968 Columbia University protests, he organized his supporters under the name National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC). The aim of the NCLC was to win control of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) branch – the university's main activist group – and build a political alliance between students, local residents, organized labor, and the Columbia faculty. By 1973, the NCLC had over 600 members in 25 cities – including West Berlin and Stockholm – and produced what LaRouche's biographer, Dennis King, called the most literate of the far-left papers, New Solidarity. The NCLC's internal activities became highly regimented over the next few years. Members gave up their jobs and devoted themselves to the group and its leader, believing it would soon take control of America's trade unions and overthrow the government.

1970s

1971: Intelligence network

Further information: LaRouche movement

Robert J. Alexander writes that LaRouche first established an NCLC "intelligence network" in 1971. Members all over the world sent information to NCLC headquarters, which would distribute the information via briefings and other publications. LaRouche organized the network as a series of news services and magazines, which critics say was done to gain access to government officials under press cover. The publications included Executive Intelligence Review, founded in 1974. Other periodicals under his aegis included New Solidarity, Fusion Magazine, 21st Century Science and Technology, and Campaigner Magazine. His news services and publishers included American System Publications, Campaigner Publications, New Solidarity International Press Service, and The New Benjamin Franklin House Publishing Company. LaRouche acknowledged in 1980 that his followers impersonated reporters and others, saying it had to be done for his security. In 1982, U.S. News & World Report sued New Solidarity International Press Service and Campaigner Publications for damages, alleging that members were impersonating its reporters in phone calls.

U.S. sources told The Washington Post in 1985 that the LaRouche organization had assembled a worldwide network of government and military contacts, and that his researchers sometimes supplied information to government officials. Bobby Ray Inman, the CIA's deputy director in 1981 and 1982, said LaRouche and his wife had visited him, offering information about the West German Green Party. A CIA spokesman said LaRouche met Deputy Director John McMahon in 1983 to discuss one of LaRouche's trips overseas. An aide to Deputy Secretary of State William Clark said when LaRouche's associates discussed technology or economics, they made good sense and seemed qualified. Norman Bailey, formerly with the U.S. National Security Council, said in 1984 that LaRouche's staff comprised "one of the best private intelligence services in the world. ... They do know a lot of people around the world. They do get to talk to prime ministers and presidents." Several government officials feared a security leak from the government's ties with the movement. According to critics, the supposed behind-the-scenes processes were more often flights of fancy than inside information. Douglas Foster wrote in Mother Jones in 1982 that the briefings consisted of disinformation, "hate-filled" material about enemies, phony letters, intimidation, fake newspaper articles, and dirty tricks campaigns. Opponents were accused of being gay or Nazis, or were linked to murders, which the movement called "psywar techniques".

From the 1970s to the first decade of the 21st century, LaRouche founded several groups and companies. In addition to the National Caucus of Labor Committees, there was the Citizens Electoral Council (Australia), the National Democratic Policy Committee, the Fusion Energy Foundation, and the U.S. Labor Party. In 1984, he founded the Schiller Institute in Germany with his second wife, and three political parties there – the Europäische Arbeiterpartei, Patrioten für Deutschland, and Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität – and in 2000 the Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement. His printing services included Computron Technologies, Computype, World Composition Services, and PMR Printing Company, Inc, or PMR Associates.

1973: Political shift; "Operation Mop-Up"

image of letter
A 1973 internal FBI letter, noting the Communist Party's efforts to eliminate LaRouche, and suggesting submission of a "blind memorandum" to the Communist Party's newspaper.

LaRouche wrote in his 1987 autobiography that violent altercations had begun in 1969 between his NCLC members and several New Left groups when Mark Rudd's faction began assaulting LaRouche's faction at Columbia University. Press accounts alleged that between April and September 1973, during what LaRouche called "Operation Mop-Up", NCLC members began physically attacking members of leftist groups that LaRouche classified as "left-protofascists"; an editorial in LaRouche's New Solidarity said of the Communist Party that the movement "must dispose of this stinking corpse". Armed with chains, bats, and martial-art nunchuk sticks, NCLC members assaulted Communist Party, SWP, and Progressive Labor Party members and Black Power activists on the streets and during meetings. At least 60 assaults were reported. The operation ended when police arrested several of LaRouche's followers; there were no convictions, and LaRouche maintained they had acted in self-defense. Journalist and LaRouche biographer Dennis King writes that the FBI may have tried to aggravate the strife, using measures such as anonymous mailings, to keep the groups at each other's throats. LaRouche said he met representatives of the Soviet Union at the United Nations in 1974 and 1975 to discuss attacks by the Communist Party USA on the NCLC and propose a merger, but said he received no assistance from them. One FBI memo, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, proposes assisting the CPUSA in an investigation "for the purpose of ultimately eliminating him and the threat of the NCLC" (see image to left).

LaRouche's critics, such as King and Antony Lerman, allege that in 1973, with little warning, LaRouche adopted more extreme ideas, a process accompanied by a campaign of violence against his opponents on the left, and the development of conspiracy theories and paranoia about his personal safety. According to these accounts, he began to believe he was under threat of assassination from the Soviet Union, the CIA, Libya, drug dealers, and bankers. He also established a "Biological Holocaust Task Force", which, according to LaRouche, analyzed the public health consequences of International Monetary Fund (IMF) austerity policies for impoverished nations in Africa, and predicted that epidemics of cholera as well as possibly entirely new diseases would strike Africa in the 1980s.

1973: U.S. Labor Party

Further information: U.S. Labor Party

LaRouche founded the U.S. Labor Party in 1973 as the political arm of the NCLC. At first, the party was "preaching Marxist revolution"; however, by 1977, it shifted from left-wing to right-wing politics. A two-part article in The New York Times in 1979 by Howard Blum and Paul L. Montgomery alleged that LaRouche had turned the party (at that point with 1,000 members in 37 offices in North America, and 26 in Europe and Latin America) into an extreme-right, antisemitic organization, despite the presence of Jewish members. LaRouche denied the newspaper's charges, and said he had filed a $100 million libel suit; his press secretary said the articles were intended to "set up a credible climate for an assassination hit".

The Times alleged that members had taken courses in how to use knives and rifles; that a farm in upstate New York had been used for guerrilla training; and that several members had undergone a six-day anti-terrorist training course run by Mitchell WerBell III, an arms dealer and former member of the Office of Strategic Services, who said he had ties to the CIA. Journalists and publications the party regarded as unfriendly were harassed, and it published a list of potential assassins it saw as a threat. LaRouche expected members to devote themselves entirely to the party, place their savings and possessions at its disposal, and take out loans on its behalf. Party officials decided who each member should live with, and if someone left the movement, the remaining member was expected to live separately from the ex-member. LaRouche questioned spouses about their partner's sexual habits, the Times said, and in one case reportedly ordered a member to stop having sex with his wife, because it was making him "politically impotent".

1973: "Ego-stripping" and "brainwashing" allegations

LaRouche began writing in 1973 about the use of certain psychological techniques on recruits. In an article called "Beyond Psychoanalysis", he wrote that a worker's persona had to be stripped away to arrive at a state he called "little me", from which it would be possible to "rebuild their personalities around a new socialist identity", according to The Washington Post. The New York Times wrote that the first such session – which LaRouche called "ego-stripping" – involved a German member, Konstantin George, in the summer of 1973. LaRouche said that during the session he discovered that a plot to assassinate him had been implanted in George's mind.

He recorded sessions with a 26-year-old British member, Chris White, who had moved to England with LaRouche's former partner, Carol Schnitzer. In December 1973 LaRouche asked the couple to return to the U.S. His followers sent tapes of the subsequent sessions with White to The New York Times as evidence of an assassination plot. According to the Times, "here are sounds of weeping, and vomiting on the tapes, and Mr. White complains of being deprived of sleep, food and cigarettes. At one point someone says 'raise the voltage', but says this was associated with the bright lights used in the questioning rather than an electric shock." The Times wrote: "Mr. White complains of a terrible pain in his arm, then LaRouche can be heard saying, 'That's not real. That's in the program'." LaRouche told the newspaper White had been "reduced to an eight-cycle infinite loop with look-up table, with homosexual bestiality". He said White had not been harmed and that a physician – a LaRouche movement member – had been present throughout. White ended up telling LaRouche he had been programmed by the CIA and British intelligence to set up LaRouche for assassination by Cuban exile frogmen.

According to The Washington Post, "brainwashing hysteria" took hold of the movement. One activist said he attended meetings where members were writhing on the floor saying they needed de-programming. In two weeks in January 1974, the group issued 41 separate press releases about brainwashing. One activist, Alice Weitzman, expressed skepticism about the claims.

1974: Contacts with far-right groups, intelligence gathering

LaRouche established contacts with Willis Carto's Liberty Lobby and elements of the Ku Klux Klan in 1974. Frank Donner and Randall Rothenberg wrote that he made successful overtures to the Liberty Lobby and George Wallace's American Independent Party, adding that the "racist" policies of LaRouche's U.S. Labor Party endeared it to members of the Ku Klux Klan. George Michael, in Willis Carto and the American Far Right, says that LaRouche shared with the Liberty Lobby's Willis Carto an antipathy towards the Rockefeller family. The Liberty Lobby defended its alliance with LaRouche by saying the U.S. Labor Party had been able to "confuse, disorient, and disunify the Left".

Gregory Rose, a former chief of counter-intelligence for LaRouche who became an FBI informant in 1973, said that while the LaRouche movement had extensive links to the Liberty Lobby, there was also copious evidence of a connection to the Soviet Union. George and Wilcox say neither connection amounted to much – they assert that LaRouche was "definitely not a Soviet agent" and state that while the contact with the Liberty Lobby is often used to imply "'links' and 'ties' between LaRouche and the extreme right", it was in fact transient and marked by mutual suspicion. The Liberty Lobby soon pronounced itself disillusioned with LaRouche, citing his movement's adherence to "basic socialist positions" and his softness on "the major Zionist groups" as fundamental points of difference. According to George and Wilcox, American neo-Nazi leaders expressed misgivings over the number of Jews and members of other minority groups in his organization, and did not consider LaRouche an ally. George Johnson, in Architects of Fear, similarly states that LaRouche's overtures to far right groups were pragmatic rather than sincere. A 1975 party memo spoke of uniting with these groups only to overthrow the established order, adding that once that goal had been accomplished, "eliminating our right-wing opposition will be comparatively easy".

Howard Blum wrote in The New York Times that, from 1976 onward, party members sent reports to the FBI and local police regarding members of left-wing organizations. In 1977, he wrote, commercial reports on U.S. anti-apartheid groups were prepared by LaRouche members for the South African government, student dissidents were reported to the Shah of Iran's Savak secret police, and the anti-nuclear movement was investigated on behalf of power companies. Johnson says the intelligence network was made up of "obnoxious devotees commandeering WATS lines and tricking bureaucrats into giving them information". By the late 1970s, members were exchanging almost daily information with Roy Frankhouser, a government informant and infiltrator of both far right and far left groups who was involved with the Ku Klux Klan and the American Nazi Party. The LaRouche organization believed Frankhouser to be a federal agent who had been assigned to infiltrate right-wing and left-wing groups, and that he had evidence that these groups were actually being manipulated or controlled by the FBI and other agencies. LaRouche and his associates considered Frankhouser to be a valuable intelligence contact, and took his links to extremist groups to be a cover for his intelligence work. Frankhouser played into these expectations, misrepresenting himself as a conduit for communications to LaRouche from "Mr. Ed", an alleged CIA contact who did not exist in reality.

Blum wrote, at around this time, that LaRouche's Computron Technologies Corporation included Mobil Oil and Citibank among its clients, that his World Composition Services had one of the most advanced typesetting complexes in the city and had the Ford Foundation among its clients, and that his PMR Associates produced the party's publications and some high school newspapers.

Around the same time, according to Blum, LaRouche was telling his membership several times a year that he was being targeted for assassination, including by the Queen of the United Kingdom, Zionist mobsters, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Justice Department, and the Mossad. LaRouche sued the City of New York in 1974, saying the CIA and British spies had tortured and drugged his associates to brainwash his associates into killing him. According to The Patriot-News of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, LaRouche said he had been "threatened by Communists, Zionists, narcotics gangsters, the Rockefellers and international terrorists." LaRouche later said:

Since late 1973, I have been repeatedly the target of serious assassination threats and my wife has been three times the target of attempted assassination. ... My enemies are the circles of McGeorge Bundy, Henry Kissinger, Soviet General Secretary Yuri Andropov, W. Averell Harriman, certain powerful bankers, and the Socialist and Nazi Internationals, as well as international drug traffickers, Colonel Gaddafi, Ayatollah Khomeini, and the Malthusian lobby.

1975–1976: presidential campaign

Further information: Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns and Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement § LaRouche's campaign platforms
LaRouche, 1976
photograph
In 1975 Clarence M. Kelley, FBI Director, called the NCLC a "violence-oriented organization".

In March 1975, Clarence M. Kelley, director of the FBI, testified before the House Appropriations Committee that the NCLC was "a violence-oriented organization of 'revolutionary socialists' with a membership of nearly 1,000 in chapters in some 50 cities". He said that during the previous two years its members had been "involved in fights, beatings, using drugs, kidnappings, brainwashings, and at least one shooting. They are reported to be armed, to have received defensive training such as karate, and to attend cadre schools and training schools to learn military tactics".

In 1975, under the name Lyn Marcus, LaRouche published Dialectical Economics: An Introduction to Marxist Political Economy, described by its only reviewer as "the most peculiar and idiosyncratic" introduction to economics he had ever seen. Mixing economics, history, anthropology, sociology and a surprisingly large helping of business administration, the work argued that most prominent Marxists had misunderstood Marx, and that bourgeois economics arose when philosophy took a wrong, reductionist turn under British empiricists like Locke and Hume.

In 1976, LaRouche campaigned for the first time in a presidential election as a U.S. Labor Party candidate, polling 40,043 votes (0.05%). It was the first of eight consecutive presidential elections in which he ran between 1976 and 2004. It enabled him to attract $5.9 million in federal matching funds; candidates seeking their party's presidential nomination qualify for matching funds if they raise $5,000 in each of at least 20 states. His platform predicted financial disaster by 1980 accompanied by famine and the virtual extinction of the human race within 15 years, and proposed a debt moratorium; nationalization of banks; government investment in industry especially in the aerospace sector, and an "International Development Bank" to facilitate higher food production. When Legionnaires' disease appeared in the U.S. that year, he said it was a continuation of the swine flu outbreak, and that senators who opposed vaccination were suppressing the link as part of a "genocidal policy".

His campaign included a paid half-hour television address, which allowed him to air his views before a national audience, something that became a regular feature of his later campaigns. There were protests about this, and about the NCLC's involvement in public life generally. Writing in The Washington Post, Stephen Rosenfeld said LaRouche's ideas belonged to the radical right, neo-Nazi fringe, and that his main interests lay in disruption and disinformation; Rosenfeld called the NCLC one of the "chief polluters" of political democracy. Rosenfeld argued that the press should be "chary" of offering them print or airtime: "A duplicitous violence-prone group with fascistic proclivities should not be presented to the public, unless there is reason to present it in those terms." LaRouche wrote in 1999 that this comment had "openly declared ... a policy of malicious lying" against him.

photograph
Helga Zepp in 2005

1977: Second marriage

LaRouche married again in 1977. His wife, Helga Zepp, was then a leading activist in the West German branch of the movement. She went on to work closely with LaRouche for the rest of her career, standing for election in Germany in 1980 for his Europäische Arbeiterpartei (European Workers Party), and founding the Schiller Institute in Germany in 1984.

1980s

National Democratic Policy Committee, "October Surprise" theory

From the autumn of 1979, the LaRouche movement conducted most of its U.S. electoral activities as the National Democratic Policy Committee (NDPC), a political action committee. The name drew complaints from the Democratic Party's Democratic National Committee. Democratic Party leaders refused to recognize LaRouche as a party member, or to seat the few delegates he received in his seven primary campaigns as a Democrat. In its 2019 obituary of LaRouche, New York magazine reported that LaRouche's attempts to pose as a Democrat were originally an attempt at a spoiler operation to divide the opponents of Ronald Reagan.

LaRouche's campaign platforms advocated a return to the Bretton Woods system, including a gold-based national and world monetary system; fixed exchange rates; and abolishing the International Monetary Fund. He supported the replacement of the central bank system, including the U.S. Federal Reserve System, with a "national bank"; a war on drug trafficking and prosecution of banks involved in money laundering; building a tunnel under the Bering Strait; the building of nuclear power plants; and a crash program to build particle-beam weapons and lasers, including support for elements of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). He opposed the Soviet Union and supported a military buildup to prepare for imminent war; supported the screening and quarantine of AIDS patients; and opposed environmentalism, deregulation, outcome-based education, and abortion:

No more will the United States fight World Wars to save the British Empire in any shape or guise. No more will the United States tolerate the British system, whether colonial or neo-colonial. No more will the United States tolerate the economics of Adam Smith in any part of the world. We are going to take this aching, poor, hungry world and we're going to transform it with American methods. We're going to transform it through the export and development of high technology, we're going to have Manhattan Projects and NASA projects and every dirigiste, Federally-directed, scientific crazed program that we deem necessary.

— Lyndon LaRouche, at the opening of the National Democratic Policy Committee, 1979

In December 1980, LaRouche and his followers started what came to be known as the "October Surprise" allegation, namely that in October 1980 Ronald Reagan's campaign staff conspired with the Iranian government during the Iran hostage crisis to delay the release of 52 American hostages held in Iran, with the aim of helping Reagan win the 1980 United States presidential election against Jimmy Carter. The Iranians had agreed to this, according to the theory, in exchange for future weapons sales from the Reagan administration. The first publication of the story was in LaRouche's Executive Intelligence Review on December 2, 1980, followed by his New Solidarity on September 2, 1983, alleging that Henry Kissinger, one of LaRouche's regular targets, had met Iran's Ayatollah Beheshti in Paris, according to Iranian sources in Paris. The theory was later echoed by former Iranian President Abolhassan Banisadr and former Naval intelligence officer and National Security Council member Gary Sick.

1983: Move from New York to Loudoun County

The Washington Post wrote that LaRouche and his wife moved in August 1983 from New York to a 13-room Georgian mansion on a 250-acre section of the Woodburn Estate, near Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia. The property was owned at the time by a company registered in Switzerland. Companies associated with LaRouche continued to buy property in the area, including part of Leesburg's industrial park, purchased by LaRouche's Lafayette/Leesburg Ltd. Partnership to develop a printing plant and office complex.

Neighbors said they saw LaRouche guards in camouflage clothes carrying semi-automatic weapons, and the Post wrote that the house had sandbag-buttressed guard posts nearby, along with metal spikes in the driveway and concrete barriers on the road. One of his aides said LaRouche was safer in Loudoun County: "The terrorist organizations which have targeted Mr. LaRouche do not have bases of operations in Virginia." LaRouche said his new home meant a shorter commute to Washington. A former associate said the move also meant his members would be more isolated from friends and family than they had been in New York. According to the Post in 2004, local people who opposed him for any reason were accused in LaRouche publications of being communists, homosexuals, drug pushers, and terrorists. He reportedly accused the Leesburg Garden Club of being a nest of Soviet sympathizers, and a local lawyer who opposed LaRouche on a zoning matter went into hiding after threatening phone calls and a death threat. In leaflets supporting his application of concealed weapons permits for his bodyguards in Leesburg, Virginia, he wrote:

I have a major personal security problem ... the assassination teams of professional mercenaries now being trained in Canada and along the Mexico border may be expected to start arriving on the streets of Leesburg ... If they come, there will be many people dead or mutilated within as short an interval as 60 seconds of fire.

Of LaRouche's paramilitary security force, armed with semi-automatic weapons, a spokesperson said that it was necessary because LaRouche was the subject of "assassination conspiracies".

LaRouche during his 1984 presidential campaign

1984: Schiller Institute, television spots, contact with Reagan administration

Further information: Schiller Institute

Helga Zepp-LaRouche founded the Schiller Institute in Germany in 1984. In the same year, LaRouche raised enough money to purchase 14 television spots, at $330,000 each, in which he called Walter Mondale—the Democratic Party's presidential nominee—a Soviet agent of influence, triggering over 1,000 telephone complaints. On April 19, 1986, NBC's Saturday Night Live aired a sketch satirizing the ads, portraying the Queen of the United Kingdom and Henry Kissinger as drug dealers. LaRouche received 78,773 votes in the 1984 presidential election.

In 1984, media reports stated that LaRouche and his aides had met Reagan administration officials, including Norman Bailey, senior director of international economic affairs for the National Security Council (NSC), and Richard Morris, special assistant to William P. Clark, Jr. There were also reported contacts with the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the CIA. The LaRouche campaign said the reporting was full of errors. In 1984 two Pentagon officials spoke at a LaRouche rally in Virginia; a Defense Department spokesman said the Pentagon viewed LaRouche's group as a "conservative group ... very supportive of the administration." White House spokesman Larry Speakes said the Administration was "glad to talk to" any American citizen who might have information. According to Bailey, the contacts were broken off when they became public. Three years later, LaRouche blamed his criminal indictment on the NSC, saying he had been in conflict with Oliver North over LaRouche's opposition to the Nicaraguan Contras. According to a LaRouche publication, a court-ordered search of North's files produced a May 1986 telex from Iran–Contra defendant General Richard Secord, discussing the gathering of information to be used against LaRouche. According to King, LaRouche's Executive Intelligence Review was the first to report important details of the Iran–Contra affair, predicting that a major scandal was about to break months before mainstream media picked up on the story.

Strategic Defense Initiative

Main article: Fusion Energy Foundation
photograph
The Wheat Building in Leesburg, Virginia, which housed the Fusion Energy Foundation in the 1980s.

The LaRouche campaign supported Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). Dennis King wrote that LaRouche had been speculating about space-based weaponry as early as 1975. He set up the Fusion Energy Foundation, which held conferences and tried to cultivate scientists, with some success. In 1979, FEF representatives attended a Moscow conference on laser fusion. LaRouche began to promote the use of lasers and related technologies for both military and civilian purposes, calling for a "revolution in machine tools."

According to King, LaRouche's associates had for some years been in contact with members of the Reagan administration about LaRouche's space-based weapons ideas. LaRouche proposed the development of defensive beam technologies as a policy that was in the interest of both the U.S. and the Soviet Union, as the alternative to an arms race in offensive weapons and as a generator of spin-off economic benefits. Between February 1982 and February 1983, with the NSC's approval, LaRouche met with Soviet embassy representative Evgeny Shershnev to discuss the proposal. During this period, Soviet economists also began to study LaRouche's economic forecasting model. But after Reagan's public announcement of the SDI in March 1983, Soviet representatives broke off contact with LaRouche and his representatives.

Physicist Edward Teller, a proponent of SDI and X-ray lasers, told reporters in 1984 that he had been courted by LaRouche but had kept his distance. LaRouche began calling his plan the "LaRouche-Teller proposal," though they had never met. Teller said LaRouche was "a poorly informed man with fantastic conceptions."

LaRouche later attributed the collapse of the Soviet Union to its refusal to follow his advice to accept Reagan's offer to share the technology. Former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld reported in his 2011 memoir that at a 2001 dinner in Russia with leading officials, he was told by General Yuri Baluyevsky, then the second highest-ranking officer in the Russian military, that LaRouche was the brains behind SDI. Rumsfeld said he believed LaRouche had had no influence on the program, and surmised that Baluyevsky must have obtained the information off the Internet. In 2012 the former head of the Russian bureau of Interpol, General Vladimir Ovchinsky, also described LaRouche as the man who proposed the SDI.

1984: NBC lawsuit

In January 1984, NBC aired a news segment about LaRouche, and in March a "First Camera" report produced by Pat Lynch. The reports called LaRouche "the leader of a violence-prone, anti-Semitic cult that smeared its opponents and sued its critics", as Lynch wrote in 1985 in the Columbia Journalism Review. In interviews, former members of the movement gave details about their fundraising practices, and alleged that LaRouche had spoken about assassinating President Jimmy Carter. The reports said an investigation by the Internal Revenue Service would lead to an indictment, and quoted Irwin Suall, the Anti-Defamation League's fact-finding director, who called LaRouche a "small-time Hitler". After the broadcast, LaRouche members picketed NBC's office carrying signs saying "Lynch Pat Lynch," and the NBC switchboard said it received a death threat against her. Another NBC researcher said someone placed fliers around her parents' neighborhood saying she was running a call-girl ring from her parents' home. Lynch said LaRouche members began to impersonate her and her researchers in telephone calls, and called her "Fat Lynch" in their publications.

LaRouche filed a defamation suit against NBC and the ADL, arguing that the programs were the result of a deliberate campaign of defamation against him. The judge ruled that NBC need not reveal its sources, and LaRouche lost the case. NBC won a countersuit, the jury awarding the network $3 million in damages, later reduced to $258,459, for misuse of libel law, in what was called one of the more celebrated countersuits by a libel defendant. LaRouche failed to pay the damages, pleading poverty, which the judge described as "completely lacking in credibility." LaRouche said he had been unaware since 1973 who paid the rent on the estate, or for his food, lodging, clothing, transportation, bodyguards, and lawyers. The judge fined him for failing to answer. After the judge signed an order to allow discovery of LaRouche's personal finances, a cashier's check was delivered to the court to end the case. When LaRouche appealed, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, rejecting his arguments, set forth a three-pronged test, later called the "LaRouche test," to decide when anonymous sources must be named in libel cases.

1985–1986: PANIC, LaRouche's AIDS initiative

Main article: 1986 California Proposition 64

LaRouche interpreted the AIDS pandemic as fulfillment of his 1973 prediction that an epidemic would strike humanity in the 1980s. According to Christopher Toumey, his subsequent campaign followed a familiar LaRouche pattern: challenging the scientific competence of government experts, and arguing that LaRouche had special scientific insights, and his own scientific associates were more competent than government scientists. LaRouche's view of AIDS agreed with orthodox medicine in that HIV caused AIDS, but differed from it in arguing that HIV spread like the cold virus or malaria, by way of casual contact and insect bites – which, if true, would make HIV-positive people extremely dangerous. He advocated testing anyone working in schools, restaurants, or healthcare, and quarantining those who tested positive. Some of LaRouche's views on AIDS were developed by John Seale, a British venereological physician who proposed that AIDS was created in a Soviet laboratory. Seale's highly speculative writings were published in three prestigious medical journals, lending these ideas some appearance of being hard science.

LaRouche and his associates devised a "Biological Strategic Defense Initiative" that would cost $100 billion per annum, which they said would have to be directed by LaRouche. Toumey writes that those opposing the program, such as the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control, were accused of "viciously lying to the world," and of following an agenda of genocide and euthanasia. In 1986 LaRouche proposed that AIDS be added to California's List of Communicable Diseases. Sponsored by his "Prevent AIDS Now Initiative Committee" (PANIC), Proposition 64 – or the "LaRouche initiative" – qualified for the California ballot in 1986, with the required signature gatherers mostly paid for by LaRouche's Campaigner Publications. Seale, presented as an AIDS expert by PANIC, supported the LaRouche initiative, but disagreed with several of LaRouche's views, including that HIV could be spread by insects, and described the group's political beliefs and conspiracy theories as "rather odd". According to David Kirp, professor of public policy at the University of California at Berkeley, the proposal would have required that 300,000 people in the area with HIV or AIDS be reported to public health authorities; might have removed over 100,000 of them from their jobs in schools, restaurants and agriculture; and would have forced 47,000 children to stay away from school.

The proposal was opposed by leading scientists and local health officials as based on inaccurate scientific information and, as the public health schools put it, running "counter to all public health principles." It was defeated, reintroduced two years later, and defeated again, with two million votes in favor the first time, and 1.7 million the second. AIDS became a leading plank in LaRouche's platform during his 1988 presidential campaign.

1986: Electoral success in Illinois; press conference allegations

Main article: 1986 Illinois gubernatorial election

In March 1986, Mark Fairchild and Janice Hart – LaRouche National Democratic Policy Committee candidates – won the Democratic primary for statewide offices in Illinois, gaining national attention for LaRouche. The Democratic gubernatorial candidate, Adlai Stevenson III, withdrew his nomination rather than run on the same slate as LaRouche members, and told reporters the party was "exploring every legal remedy to purge these bizarre and dangerous extremists from the Democratic ticket." A spokesman for the Democratic National Committee said it would have to do a better job of communicating to the electorate that LaRouche's National Democratic Policy Committee was unrelated to the Democratic Party. The New York Times wrote that Democratic Party officials were trying to identify LaRouche candidates in order to alert voters, and asked the LaRouche organization to release a full list of its candidates.

A month later, LaRouche held a press conference to accuse the Soviet government, British government, drug dealers, international bankers, and journalists of being involved in multiple conspiracies. Flanked by bodyguards, he said: "If Abe Lincoln were alive, he'd probably be standing up here with me today," and that there was no criticism of him that did not originate "with the drug lobby or the Soviet operation ..." He said he had been in danger from Soviet assassins for over 13 years, and had to live in safe houses. He refused to answer a question from an NBC reporter, saying "How can I talk with a drug pusher like you?" He called the leadership of the United States "idiotic" and "berserk," and its foreign policy "criminal or insane." He warned of the imminent collapse of the banking system and accused banks of laundering drug money. Asked about the movement's finances, he said "I don't know. ... I'm not responsible, I'm not involved in that."

1986–1988: Raids and criminal convictions

Main article: LaRouche criminal trials

In October 1986, hundreds of state and federal officers raided LaRouche offices in Virginia and Massachusetts. A federal grand jury indicted LaRouche and twelve of his associates on credit card fraud and obstruction of justice. The charges stated that they had attempted to defraud people of millions of dollars, including several elderly people, by borrowing money they did not intend to repay. LaRouche disputed the charges, alleging that they were politically motivated.

When LaRouche's "heavily fortified" estate was surrounded, he at first warned law-enforcement officials not to arrest him, saying that any attempt to do so would be an attempt to kill him. A spokesman would not rule out the use of violence against officials in response. While surrounded, LaRouche sent a telegram to president Ronald Reagan saying that an attempt to arrest him "would be an attempt to kill me. I will not submit passively to such an arrest, ... I will defend myself."

In 1987, a number of LaRouche entities, including the Fusion Energy Foundation, were taken over through an involuntary bankruptcy proceeding. The government's use of a sealed order in this proceeding was regarded as a rare legal maneuver.

On December 16, 1988, LaRouche was convicted of conspiracy to commit mail fraud involving more than $30 million in defaulted loans; eleven counts of actual mail fraud involving $294,000 in defaulted loans; and a single count of conspiring to defraud the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. He was sentenced to 15 years in federal prison, but was released on parole after serving five years on January 26, 1994.

Thirteen associates were sentenced to prison terms ranging from one month to 77 years for mail fraud and conspiracy.

The trial judge called LaRouche's claim of a political vendetta "arrant nonsense", and said "the idea that this organization is a sufficient threat to anything that would warrant the government bringing a prosecution to silence them just defies human experience."

Defense lawyers filed unsuccessful appeals that challenged the conduct of the grand jury, the contempt fines, the execution of the search warrants, and various trial procedures. At least ten appeals were heard by the United States Court of Appeals, and three were heard by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Former Attorney General Ramsey Clark joined the defense team for two appeals, writing that the case involved "a broader range of deliberate and systematic misconduct and abuse of power over a longer period of time in an effort to destroy a political movement and leader, than any other federal prosecution in my time or to my knowledge."

In his 1988 autobiography, LaRouche says the raid on his operation was the work of Raisa Gorbachev. In an interview that same year, he said that the Soviet Union opposed him, because he had invented the Strategic Defense Initiative. "The Soviet government hated me for it. Gorbachev also hated my guts and called for my assassination and imprisonment and so forth." He asserted that he had survived these threats, because he had been protected by unnamed U.S. government officials. "Even when they don't like me, they consider me a national asset, and they don't like to have their national assets killed."

LaRouche received 25,562 votes in the 1988 presidential election.

1989: Musical interests and Verdi tuning initiative

LaRouche had an interest in classical music up to the period of Brahms. A motto of LaRouche's European Workers' Party is "Think like Beethoven"; movement offices typically include a piano and posters of German composers, and members are known for their choral singing at protest events and for using satirical lyrics tailored to their targets. LaRouche abhorred popular music; he said in 1980, "Rock was not an accidental thing. This was done by people who set out in a deliberate way to subvert the United States. It was done by British intelligence," and wrote that the Beatles were "a product shaped according to British Psychological Warfare Division specifications."

LaRouche movement members have protested at performances of Richard Wagner's operas, denouncing Wagner as an anti-Semite who found favor with the Nazis, and called a conductor "satanic" because he played contemporary music.

In 1989, LaRouche advocated that classical orchestras should use a concert pitch based on A above middle C (A4) tuned to 432 Hz, which the Schiller Institute called the "Verdi pitch", a pitch that Verdi had suggested as optimal, though he also composed and conducted in other pitches such as the French official diapason normal of 435 Hz, including his Requiem in 1874.

The Schiller Institute initiative attracted support from more than 300 opera stars, including Joan Sutherland, Plácido Domingo, and Luciano Pavarotti, who according to Opera Fanatic may not have been aware of LaRouche's politics. A spokesman for Domingo said Domingo had simply signed a questionnaire, had not been aware of its origins, and would not agree with LaRouche's politics. Renata Tebaldi and Piero Cappuccilli, who were running for the European Parliament on LaRouche's "Patriots for Italy" platform, attended Schiller Institute conferences as featured speakers. The discussions led to debates in the Italian parliament about reinstating "Verdi" legislation. LaRouche gave an interview to National Public Radio on the initiative from prison. The initiative was opposed by the editor of Opera Fanatic, Stefan Zucker, who objected to the establishment of a "pitch police," and argued that LaRouche was using the issue to gain credibility.

1990s

Imprisonment, release on parole, attempts at exoneration, visits to Russia

LaRouche began his sentence in 1989, serving it at the Federal Medical Center in Rochester, Minnesota. From there he ran for Congress in 1990, seeking to represent the 10th District of Virginia, but he received less than one percent of the vote. He ran for president again in 1992 with James Bevel as his running mate, a civil rights activist who had represented the LaRouche movement in its pursuit of the Franklin child prostitution ring allegations. It was only the second-ever campaign for president from prison. He received 26,334 votes, standing again as the "Economic Recovery" party. For a time he shared a cell with televangelist Jim Bakker. Bakker later wrote of his astonishment at LaRouche's detailed knowledge of the Bible. According to Bakker, LaRouche received a daily intelligence report by mail, and at times had information about news events days before they happened. Bakker also wrote that LaRouche believed their cell was bugged. In Bakker's view, "to say LaRouche was a little paranoid would be like saying that the Titanic had a little leak."

Viktor Kuzin, a member of the Moscow City Council and a founder of the Democratic Union in Russia, travelled to Minnesota in 1993 to meet LaRouche in prison, and afterwards participated in international campaigns to exonerate LaRouche. An advertisement calling for exoneration was published in several U.S. newspapers, signed by Kuzin, Civil Rights attorney J. L. Chestnut, former Ugandan president Godfrey Binaisa, and others. Chestnut was interviewed in the Tuscaloosa News saying that when he met LaRouche, "I told him that he might as well be black and in Alabama."

The exoneration campaigns garnered the support of a number of State Representatives and State Senators in the U.S., as well as a former justice of the Washington State Supreme Court.

LaRouche was released on parole in January 1994, and returned to Loudoun County. The Washington Post wrote that he would be supervised by parole and probation officers until January 2004. Also in 1994, his followers joined members of the Nation of Islam to blame the Anti-Defamation League for what they alleged were crimes and conspiracies against African Americans, reportedly one of several such meetings since 1992.

Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark wrote a letter in 1995 to then-Attorney General Janet Reno in which he said that the case against LaRouche involved "a broader range of deliberate and systematic misconduct and abuse of power over a longer period of time in an effort to destroy a political movement and leader, than any other federal prosecution in my time or to my knowledge". He asserted that, "The government, ex parte, sought and received an order effectively closing the doors of these publishing businesses, all of which were involved in First Amendment activities, effectively preventing the further repayment of their debts." He called the convictions "a tragic miscarriage of justice which at this time can only be corrected by an objective review and courageous action by the Department of Justice". The LaRouche movement organized two panels to review the cases: the Curtis Clark Commission, and the Mann-Chestnut hearings.

Beginning in 1994, LaRouche made numerous visits to Russia, participating in conferences of the Vernadsky State Geological Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), the RAS Institute of the Far East, and other places. He addressed seminars at the RAS Institute of Economics, the RAS Institute of Oriental Studies. He spoke at hearings in the State Duma of the Russian Federation on measures to ensure the development of the Russian economy at the point of destabilization of the world financial system. Two of his books were translated into Russian.

On September 18, 1996, a full-page advertisement appeared in the New Federalist, a LaRouche publication, as well as The Washington Post and Roll Call. Entitled "Officials Call for LaRouche's Exoneration", its signatories included Arturo Frondizi, former president of Argentina; figures from the 1960s American civil rights movement such as Amelia Boynton Robinson (a leader of the Larouche-affiliated Schiller Institute), James Bevel (a Larouche movement participant) and Rosa Parks; former Minnesota Senator and Democratic presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy; Mervyn Dymally, who chaired the Congressional Black Caucus; and artists such as classical vocalist William Warfield and violinist Norbert Brainin, former 1st Violin of the Amadeus Quartet.

In 1996, LaRouche was invited to speak at a convention organized by the Nation of Islam's Louis Farrakhan and Ben Chavis, then of the National African American Leadership Summit. As soon as he began speaking, he was booed off the stage.

In the 1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries, he received enough votes in Louisiana and Virginia to get one delegate from each state, but before the primaries began, the Democratic National Committee chair, Donald Fowler, ruled that LaRouche was not a "bona fide Democrat" because of his "expressed political beliefs ... which are explicitly racist and anti-Semitic," and because of his "past activities, including exploitation of and defrauding contributors and voters." Fowler instructed state parties to disregard votes for LaRouche.

LaRouche opposed attempts to impeach President Bill Clinton, charging it was a plot by the British Intelligence to destabilize the U.S. government. In 1996 he called for the impeachment of Pennsylvania governor Tom Ridge.

Efforts to clear LaRouche's name continued, including in Australia, where the Parliament acknowledged receipt of 1,606 petition signatures in 1998.

In 1999, China's press agency, the Xinhua News Agency, reported that LaRouche had criticized the Cox Report, a congressional investigation that accused the Chinese of stealing U.S. nuclear weapons secrets, calling it a "scientifically illiterate hoax." On October 13, 1999, during a press conference to announce his plans to run for president, he predicted the collapse of the world's financial system, saying, "There's nothing like it in this century. ... it is systematic and therefore inevitable." He said the U.S. and other nations had built the "biggest financial bubble in all history," which was close to bankruptcy.

2000s

2000–2003: Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement, September 11 attacks, presidential run

photograph
LaRouche supporters in Chicago, 2007

LaRouche founded the Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement (WLYM) in 2000, saying in 2004 that it had hundreds of members in the U.S. and a lesser number overseas. During the Democratic primaries in June 2000, he received 53,280 votes, or 22% of the total, in Arkansas. Despite finishing above the 15% threshold needed to obtain delegates, LaRouche was denied any delegates and was barred from attending the 2000 Democratic National Convention.

In 2002, LaRouche's Executive Intelligence Review argued that the September 11 attacks in 2001 had been an "inside job" and "attempted coup d'etat", and that Iran was the first country to question it. The article received wide coverage in Iran, and was cited by senior Iranian government officials, including Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Hassan Rouhani. Mahmoud Alinejad wrote that, in a subsequent telephone interview with the Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran, LaRouche said the attacks had been organized by rogue elements inside the U.S., aiming to use the incident to promote a war against Islam, and that Israel was a dictatorial regime prepared to commit Nazi-style crimes against the Palestinians.

In 2003, LaRouche was living in a "heavily guarded" rented house in Round Hill, Loudoun County, Virginia.

LaRouche again entered the primary elections for the Democratic Party's nomination in 2004, setting a record for the number of consecutive presidential campaigns; Democratic Party officials did not allow him to participate in candidate forum debates. He did not run in 2008.

As during the preceding decade, LaRouche and his followers denied that human civilization had harmed the environment through DDT, chlorofluorocarbons, or carbon dioxide. According to Chip Berlet, "Pro-LaRouche publications have been at the forefront of denying the reality of global warming".

2003–2012: Overseas press coverage, financial crisis

LaRouche circa 2006.

Iqbal Qazwini wrote in the Arabic-language daily Asharq Al-Awsat in 2003 that LaRouche was one of the first to predict the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1988 and German reunification. He said LaRouche had urged the West to pursue a policy of economic cooperation similar to the Marshall Plan for the advancement of the economy of the socialist countries. According to Qazwini, recent years have seen a proliferation of LaRouche's ideas in China and South Asia. Qazwini referred to him as the spiritual father of the revival of the new Silk Road or Eurasian Landbridge, which aims to link the continents through a network of ground transportation.

In 2005, the People's Daily of China covered LaRouche's economic forecasts and published an eight-part interview with him; the interviewer wrote that LaRouche was "quite famous in mainland China today".

In 2007, LaRouche began a national lobbying campaign to restore the Glass-Steagall Act, saying that it would be possible to save the U.S. banking system by reorganizing it under bankruptcy protection. Also in 2007, he proposed a "Homeowners and Bank Protection Act". This called for the establishment of a federal agency that would "place federal- and state-chartered banks under protection, freeze all existing home mortgages for a period of time, adjust mortgage values to fair prices, restructure existing mortgages at appropriate interest rates, and write off speculative debt obligations of mortgage-backed securities". The bill envisioned a foreclosure moratorium, allowing homeowners to make the equivalent of rental payments for an interim period, and an end to bank bailouts, forcing banks to reorganize under bankruptcy laws. In spring 2007 he was an honorary foreign guest at a ceremony in honor of the 80th birthday of Stanislav Menshikov at the Russian Academy of Sciences.

2009: U.S. health care reform

LaRouche poster of Barack Obama with a 'Hitler mustache'

During the discussion of U.S. health care reform in 2009, LaRouche advocated a single-payer health care bill and took exception to what he described as President Barack Obama's proposal that "independent boards of doctors and health care experts make the life-and-death decisions of what care to provide, and what not, based on cost-effectiveness criteria." LaRouche said the proposed boards would amount to the same thing as the Nazis' Action T4 euthanasia program. A press release from his political action committee asserted: "Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouchePAC are the source of the campaign to expose the Obama ‘health care’ policy as modeled on that of Hitler in 1939."

Images at tables of volunteers compared Obama to Adolf Hitler, and at least one had a picture of Obama with a Hitler-style mustache. In Seattle, police were called twice in response to people threatening to attack the volunteers. During one widely reported public meeting, Congressman Barney Frank called the images "vile, contemptible nonsense."

Ideology and beliefs

Main article: Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement

University of Notre Dame political philosophers Catherine Zuckert and Michael Zuckert write of LaRouche that "t must be nearly unique in American politics that a presidential candidate ... makes the interpretation of Plato a major issue in his campaign."

According to George Johnson, LaRouche saw history as a battle between Platonists, who believe in absolute truth, and Aristotelians, who rely on empirical data. Johnson characterizes LaRouche's views as follows: the Platonists include figures such as Beethoven, Mozart, Shakespeare, Leonardo da Vinci, and Leibniz. LaRouche believed that many of the world's ills result from the dominance of Aristotelianism as embraced by the empirical philosophers (such as Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume), leading to a culture that favors the empirical over the metaphysical, embraces moral relativism, and seeks to keep the general population uninformed. Industry, technology, and classical music should be used to enlighten the world, LaRouche argued, whereas the Aristotelians use psychotherapy, drugs, rock music, jazz, environmentalism, and quantum theory to bring about a new Dark Age in which the world will be ruled by oligarchs. Left and right are false distinctions for LaRouche; what matters is the Platonic versus Aristotelian outlook, a position that has led him to form relationships with groups as disparate as farmers, nuclear engineers, Black Muslims, Teamsters, and anti-abortion advocates.

In Architects of Fear (1983), Johnson compares LaRouche's view to an Illuminati conspiracy theory; Johnson writes that after he wrote about LaRouche in The Minneapolis Star, LaRouche's followers denounced him as part of a conspiracy of elitists that began in ancient Egypt. But according to LaRouche, Aristotelians are not necessarily in communication or coordination with one another: "From their standpoint, are proceeding by instinct," LaRouche said. "If you're asking how their policy is developed – if there is an inside group sitting down and making plans – no, it doesn't work that way ... History doesn't function quite that consciously."

In 2011, Stephen E. Adkins's Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History called LaRouche "the leading neo-fascist politician in the United States".

Controversy

LaRouche was described as having "fascistic tendencies", taking positions on the far right (despite his self-identification with the left and some left-wing policies), and creating disinformation.

Designation as a conspiracy theorist

LaRouche was commonly regarded as a conspiracy theorist: for example, in his Fox News obituary. An article in the Southern Poverty Law Center website names him as "a fringe ideologue and conspiracy theorist whom Chip Berlet, senior analyst at Political Research Associates and an expert on the radical right calls "the man who brought us fascism wrapped in an American flag". An NPR obituary is titled Conspiracy Theorist And Frequent Presidential Candidate Lyndon LaRouche Dies At 96. The Washington Post obituary reports he was "often described as an extremist crank and fringe figure" and that he "built a worldwide following based on conspiracy theories, economic doom, anti-Semitism, homophobia and racism".

Allegations of antisemitism

Beginning in the mid-1970s, allegations began to appear saying that LaRouche had fascist and antisemitic tendencies.

In 1977, LaRouche married his second wife, Helga Zepp-LaRouche, a German 27 years younger than he. Her 1984 book, The Hitler Book, argues that "We need a movement that can finally free Germany from the control of the Versailles and Yalta treaties, thanks to which we have staggered from one catastrophe to another for an entire century." Helga founded the Schiller Institute, which has been described as promoting antisemitic conspiracy theories by the Berliner Zeitung and Political Research Associates, a nonprofit research group that studies right-wing, white supremacist, and militia groups.

LaRouche claimed that he was anti-Zionist, not antisemitic. When the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) accused LaRouche of antisemitism in 1979, he filed a $26-million libel suit; the case failed when Justice Michael Dontzin of the New York Supreme Court ruled that it was fair comment and that the facts "reasonably give rise" to that description. LaRouche started a campaign against the ADL and set up a group called "The Provisional Committee to Clean Up B'nai Brith."

LaRouche said in 1986 that descriptions of him as a neo-fascist or anti-Semite stemmed from "the drug lobby or the Soviet operation – which is sometimes the same thing," and in 2006 wrote that "religious and racial hatred, such as antisemitism, or hatred against Islam, or, hatred of Christians, is, on record of known history, the most evil expression of criminality to be seen on the planet today." Antony Lerman wrote in 1988 that LaRouche used "the British" as a code word for "Jews," a theory also propounded by Dennis King, author of Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism (1989). George Johnson argued that King's presentation failed to take into account that several members of LaRouche's inner circle were Jewish. Daniel Pipes wrote in 1997 that LaRouche's references to the British really were to the British, though he agreed that an alleged British-Jewish alliance lay at the heart of LaRouche's conspiracism.

As of 2016, the Jewish Virtual Library states that "The international organization run by Lyndon LaRouche is a major source of such masked antisemitic theories globally. In the U.S. the LaRouchites spread these conspiracy theories in an alliance with aides to Minister Louis Farrakhan of the Nation of Islam. A series of LaRouchite pamphlets calls the neoconservative movement the 'Children of Satan', which links Jewish neo-conservatives to the historic rhetoric of the blood libel."

Allegations of racism

Manning Marable of Columbia University wrote in 1998 that LaRouche tried in the mid-1980s to build bridges to the black community. Marable argued that most of the community was not fooled and quoted the A. Philip Randolph Institute, an organization for African American trade unionists, declaring that "LaRouche appeals to fear, hatred and ignorance. He seeks to exploit and exacerbate the anxieties and frustrations of Americans by offering an array of scapegoats and enemies: Jews, Zionists, international bankers, blacks, labor unions – much the way Hitler did in Germany." During LaRouche's slander suit against NBC in 1984, Roy Innis, leader of the Congress of Racial Equality, took the stand for LaRouche as a character witness, stating under oath that LaRouche's views on racism were "consistent with his own." Asked whether he had seen any indication of racism in LaRouche's associates, he replied that he had not.

Disputed record as economist and forecaster

LaRouche material frequently acclaims him as the world's greatest economist and the world's most successful forecaster. For example, his book title The Economics of the Noösphere: Why Lyndon LaRouche Is the World's Most Successful Economic Forecaster of the Past Four Decades. However, a website of disgruntled ex-movement leaders lists incorrect predictions of sudden world economic collapse, war or depression in 1956, 1961–1970, 1972, 1975–1992, and 1994–2011.

Apart from the numerous failed predictions are claimed some successful predictions or proposals: the eventual reunification of Germany, the Star Wars initiative, the New Silk Road (claimed as a precursor to the Chinese One Belt One Road initiative.)

Movement

Main article: LaRouche movement

Estimates of the size of LaRouche's movement have varied over the years; most say there is a core membership of 500 to 2,000. The estimated 600 members in 1978 paid monthly dues of $24. Johnson wrote in 1983 that both the Fusion Energy Foundation and the National Democratic Policy Committee had attracted some 20,000 members, as well as 300,000 magazine subscribers.

According to Christopher Toumey, LaRouche's charismatic authority within the movement was grounded on members' belief that he possessed a unique level of insight and expertise. He identified an emotionally charged issue, conducted in-depth research into it, and then proposed a simplistic solution, which usually involved restructuring of the economy or national security apparatus. He and the membership portrayed anyone opposing him as immoral and part of the conspiracy.

Description as a cult

The LaRouche movement has been described as a cult or cult-like by critics and anti-cult organizations.

A 1987 article by John Mintz in The Washington Post reported that members of the LaRouche movement lived hand-to-mouth in crowded apartments, with their basic needs paid for by the movement. They worked raising money or selling newspapers for LaRouche, doing research for him, or singing in a group choir, spending almost every waking hour together.

The group is known for its caustic attacks on opponents and former members. It has justified what it calls "psywar techniques" as necessary to shake people up; Johnson in 1983 quoted a LaRouche associate: "We're not very nice, so we're hated. Why be nice? It's a cruel world. We're in a war and the human race is up for grabs". Charles Tate, a former LaRouche associate, told The Washington Post in 1987 that members see themselves as exempt from the ordinary laws of society: "They feel that the continued existence of the human race is totally dependent on what they do in the organization, that nobody would be here without LaRouche. They feel justified in a peculiar way doing anything whatsoever."

Death

LaRouche's death was announced on the website of one of his organizations. He died on February 12, 2019, at age 96. Neither the place nor cause of his death was specified.

Publications

References

  1. ^ Severo, Richard (February 13, 2019). "Lyndon LaRouche, Cult Figure Who Ran for President 8 Times, Dies at 96". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
  2. "Cult Leaders Use Mind Control". Tulsa World. March 14, 1993. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  3. Kathlyn Gay, ed. (2011). American Dissidents: An Encyclopedia of Activists, Subversives, and Prisoners of Conscience. ABC-CLIO. pp. 377–380. ISBN 978-1598847659. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  4. ^ Atkins, Steven E. (2011). Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History. ABC-CLIO. p. 108. ISBN 978-1598843507. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  5. ^ Doubek, James (February 14, 2019). "Conspiracy Theorist And Frequent Presidential Candidate Lyndon LaRouche Dies At 96". NPR. Archived from the original on March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  6. ^ Walker, Jesse (December 29, 2019). "Lyndon LaRouche: The Conspiracist Who Earned a Following". Politico. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  7. ^ Smith, Timothy R. (February 13, 2019). "Lyndon LaRouche Jr., conspiracy theorist and presidential candidate, dies at 96". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 30, 2022. He built a political organization often likened to a cult and ran for president eight times, once while in prison for mail fraud.
  8. ^ "One of America’s contributions to the 20th-century’s rich legacy of dangerous political cult leaders" "Political Cult Leader Lyndon LaRouche Dies at 96". February 13, 2019. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  9. Atkins 2011, p. 109.
  10. ^ Berlet, Chip (2010). Culture wars : an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices. Roger Chapman. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 315. ISBN 978-1849727136. OCLC 671568128.
  11. Atkins 2011, pp. 108–109.
  12. ^ Blum, October 7, 1979 Archived May 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine.
  13. ^ Mintz, John (May 17, 1987). "LaRouche Filings: Plots, Spies". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 28, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  14. ^ "Win by LaRouche candidate shocks national Democrats" Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, March 20, 1986.
  15. Mintz, John (January 13, 1985). "Group Makes Political Inroads". The Washington Post.
  16. ^ "Political Briefing; A Spot for LaRouche? No Way, Party Says". The New York Times. August 15, 2000. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
  17. Norrander, Barbara (2006). "The Attrition Game: Initial Resources, Initial Contests and the Exit of Candidates during the US Presidential Primary Season". British Journal of Political Science. 36 (3): 487–507. doi:10.1017/S0007123406000251. ISSN 0007-1234. JSTOR 4092259.
  18. "A Guide to the Lyndon LaRouche Collection, 1979–1986 Lyndon LaRouche Collection SC 0075". ead.lib.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
  19. "Ancestry of Lyndon LaRouche". Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
  20. Montgomery 1974 and King 1989, pp. 17–18, 20, 25–26.
  21. For the parents' religions and other details, see Witt 2004, p. 3, and King 1989, p. 4.
  22. For "years of hell" and bullying, see LaRouche 1979, pp. 38–39.
  23. For spending time alone and identifying with philosophers, see LaRouche 1979, pp. 55, 58.
  24. For the particular philosophers he read, see LaRouche 1987, p. 17.
  25. For his graduation, see Tong 1994.
  26. For his father's expulsion, see King 1989, pp. 5–6.
  27. For an entry mentioning LaRouche in Quaker records, see Stattler, Richard. "Guide to the Records of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in New England" Archived September 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Rhode Island Historical Society, 1997, p. 92.
  28. ^ Witt 2004, p. 3
  29. King 1989, p. 6
  30. LaRouche 1987, pp. 37–38
  31. LaRouche 1987, pp. 36–37
  32. For how he adopted Marxism and Trotskyism, for his studies, and joining the SWP, see LaRouche 1987, pp. 62–64. For his use of Lyn Marcus, see Watson, July 19, 1978 Archived April 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
  33. For his work as a management consultant, see LaRouche 1979, p. 4.
  34. King 1989, pp. 8–9.
  35. ^ Wohlforth, undated.
  36. King 1989, p. 9.
  37. LaRouche 1970.
  38. ^ Lewers, Bill (2013). A Voter's Journey. Xlibris Corporation. p. 200. ISBN 978-1483686776. Archived from the original on May 28, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  39. Fraser, Steve. "NCLC Frame Up", Great Speckled Bird, February 22, 1971.
  40. Also see LaRouche 1987, p. 116.
  41. The NCLC was at first called the SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) Labor Committee.
  42. For LaRouche's teaching, see King 1989, pp. 13–14.
  43. King 1989, pp. 17–18.
  44. Also see Rose, Gregory F. "The Swarmy Life and Times of the NCLC", National Review, March 30, 1979.
  45. Mintz 1985a.
  46. For members giving up their jobs, see Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Archived March 18, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  47. For members giving up their jobs, see: Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Archived November 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  48. Johnson 1983, p. 189.
  49. "LaRouche Says His Supporters Take Covert Roles in Campaign" Archived July 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 15, 1980: "Lyndon H. LaRouche, the former head of the U.S. Labor Party who is now running as a Democrat, has said that his campaign workers impersonate reporters and others, contending that the covert operation is needed for his security."
    • Other publications included International Journal of Fusion, Investigative Leads, War on Drugs, The Young Scientist, American Labor Beacon, New Federalist, Nouvelle Solidarité, and Neue Solidarität.
  50. Lynch, Pat. "Is Lyndon LaRouche using your name?", Columbia Journalism Review, March–April 1985, pp. 42–46.
  51. For Bailey's comment in 1984, see Copulus 1984.
  52. Douglas Foster (January 1982). "Teamster Madness". Mother Jones. p. 30. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  53. For psywar techniques, see Johnson 1983, p. 190.
  54. For Alexander, Alexander 1991, p. 948.
  55. Copulus 1984, pp. 2–3.
    • Other groups included the International Caucus of Labor Committees, the Club of Life, the Committee for a Fair Election, the Humanist Academy, the International Workingman's Defense Fund, the Lafayette Academy for the Arts and Sciences, the LaRouche Campaign, the National Anti-Drug Coalition, the National Unemployed and Welfare Rights Organization, and the Revolutionary Youth Movement.
    • For more on the companies, see Mintz, January 13, 1985 Archived August 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
  56. LaRouche 1987, p. 117.
  57. For the name "Operation Mop-Up", see Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Archived March 18, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
  58. For the Village Voice, see Hentoff, January 24, 1974 Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, pp. 8, 10, and for its discussion of the New Solidarity editorial, see p. 30.
  59. Also see Alexander 1991, p. 946.
  60. For the description of the assaults, see Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Archived March 18, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, and Hentoff, January 24, 1974 Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, pp. 8, 10, 30.
  61. For the number of assaults, see Alexander 1991, p. 947.
  62. For the arrests, see King 1989, pp. 23–24.
  63. Also see Clines, October 11, 1973 Archived July 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  64. For no convictions see Mintz, September 20, 1987 Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  65. For LaRouche saying he acted in self-defence, see Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Archived November 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  66. Perlman 1984.
  67. Lerman 1988, p. 212.
  68. Mintz, December 18, 1987 Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  69. ^ Toumey 1996, pp. 87–92.
  70. Grauerholz, Dr. John, The AIDS Epidemic Four Years Later: LaRouche Was Right Archived February 15, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, EIR August 17, 1990
  71. Watson, July 19, 1978 Archived April 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
  72. Also see Rose, Gregory F. "The Swarmy Life and Times of the NCLC", National Review, March 30, 1979
  73. Reich, Kenneth (September 21, 1977). "Tiny U.S. Labor Party Seeks Allies on the Right" Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Los Angeles Times, page A3.
  74. Kenney, February 17, 1980 Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  75. Blum, October 7, 1979 Archived July 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  76. For Mitchell Werbell saying he had ties to the CIA, see Montgomery, October 8, 1979 Archived July 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  77. LaRouche hired WerBell as a security consultant for protection against an assassination threat and to train his security staff; see Donner & Rothenberg 1980.
  78. Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Archived November 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  79. Marcus, L. (Lyndon LaRouche). "Beyond Psychoanalysis" Archived July 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Campaigner, Vol 6, Nos. 3–4; September/October 1973.
  80. ^ Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Archived March 18, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, p. 51, column 5.
  81. Also see Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Archived November 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  82. Tourish & Wohlforth 2000, p. 74.
  83. For the Weitzman details, see Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Archived March 18, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, p. 1; for 41 press releases about brainwashing, see p. 51, column 2.
  84. Johnson 1989
     • Boyer, May 31, 1986 Archived March 8, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
     • Spiro, Peter (February 6, 1984). "Paranoid Politics: Your tax dollars at work". The New Republic. pp. 10–12.
     • Chanes, Jerome A., ed. (1995). Antisemitism in America today: outspoken experts explode the myths. Carol Pub. Group. p. 192. ISBN 978-1559722902. Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
     • Michael 2008, pp. 110–111
     • Hamilton, Neil A. (2002). Rebels and renegades: a chronology of social and political dissent in the United States. Taylor & Francis. p. 283. ISBN 978-0415936392. Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  85. Donner & Rothenberg 1980
  86. ^ Michael 2008, pp. 110–111
  87. For Gregory Rose's position, see Johnson 1983, p. 204.
  88. Johnson 1983, p. 207.
  89. Kilgore, Ed (February 13, 2019). "Political Cult Leader Lyndon LaRouche Dies at 96". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  90. ^ Montgomery, Paul L.; Blum, Howard (October 7, 1979). "U.S. Labor Party: Cult Surrounded by Controversy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016.
  91. Johnson 1989
  92. ^ George & Wilcox 1992, pp. 319–320
  93. Shenon 1986
  94. Sims 1996, p. 63.
  95. "LEAA Gestapo Operations in Reading, Pa" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 14, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  96. "The Busing Plot: CIA Plans Fall Race Riots, Organizes Both Sides" Archived March 14, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, EIR, July 8, 1974
  97. King 1989, p. 201
  98. King 1989, p. 201.
  99. "Federal Probe Pins Top Aides of LaRouche", Philip Shenon, Patriot – News, October 7, 1986
  100. "Oddball tycoon wins some battles", John King, The Globe and Mail, January 26, 1984
  101. ^ Rosenfeld, September 24, 1976 Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  102. McLemee, Scott. The LaRouche Youth Movement Archived April 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Inside Higher Ed, July 11, 2007
  103. Bronfenbrenner, Martin. "Economics in Dialectical Dialect" Archived February 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 84, No. 1 (Feb. 1976), pp. 123–130
  104. Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Archived November 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  105. Dabilis, Andy. "Labor candidates explain platform", The Sunday Sun, (Lowell, Mass), May 30, 1976, p. B5.
    • Also see Johnson, Donald Bruce. National Party Platforms: 1960–1976. Volume 2, University of Illinois Press, 1978, p. 1007.
  106. Gregg, March 1987 Archived February 16, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
  107. For Rosenfeld in The Washington Post, see Rosenfeld, September 24, 1976 Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  108. For the election, see "Dunkle Kräfte" Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Der Spiegel, September 22, 1980; pdf here Archived March 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine; Google translation Archived May 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine.
    • For the Schiller Institute, see King 1989, pp. xiii, 41.
  109. Frank, Lynn. "Klenetsky opposes Moynihan with unusual list of charges" Archived May 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 20, 1982.
  110. Bradley 2004.
  111. Kilgore, Ed (February 13, 2019). "Political Cult Leader Lyndon LaRouche Dies at 96". New York. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
  112. Benshoff, Anastasia. "Bush and Clinton aren't the only candidates in presidential race," Associated Press, August 27, 1992.
  113. Tipton 1986.
  114. The Boston Globe, February 26, 1980 Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  115. "Rightist LaRouche started out as a Marxist" Archived October 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Chicago Sun-Times, March 20, 1986, p. 4.
  116. Barry, John (November 10, 1991). "Making Of A Myth". Newsweek. Archived from the original on March 13, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  117. Lewis, Neil A. (May 7, 1991). "Bani-Sadr, in U.S., Renews Charges of 1980 Deal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 23, 2009. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  118. ^ Mintz, January 13, 1985 Archived August 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
  119. "Man who calls Queen a pusher worries town", Matthew Wald. Gazette. Montreal, Quebec April 14, 1986
  120. "1986 Authorities See Pattern of Threats, Plots Dark Side of LaRouche Empire Surfaces", Kevin Roderick, Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1986
  121. "CBS Sells Time To Fringe Candidate For Talk", Petter Kerr, New York Times January 22, 1984
  122. The New York Times, May 29, 1985 Archived November 22, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
  123. For the cost of the spots, see Lowther 1986.
  124. For Saturday Night Live, see Springston, April 23, 1986.
  125. For Bailey and Morris meetings, and for LaRouche saying the report was mistaken, see "CIA admits talks with rightist pol" Archived November 6, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Philadelphia Daily News, November 1, 1984.
  126. King 1989, pp. 132–133.
  127. Mintz 1985b.
  128. St. Petersburg Times 1987
  129. "LaRouche Lawyers Seek North's Notebooks" Archived May 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, April 7, 1988.
  130. King 1989, p. 161.
  131. ^ Benedictine, Kirll, and Diunov, Michael, "The Last Rosicrucian" Archived February 22, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Terra-America, April 16, 2012
  132. King 1989, p. 61
  133. Siano 1992.
  134. "LaRouche, February 1, 2003". Archived from the original on October 11, 2003. Retrieved March 25, 2017..
    • LaRouche's promotion of space colonization included dealings with German scientists and engineers who had worked under the Nazi government during the Second World War, some of whom had emigrated to the U.S. and had ended up working for NASA. They included Arthur Rudolph and several other Peenemunde rocket experts, such as Krafft Arnold Ehricke, Adolf Busemann, Konrad Dannenberg, and Hermann Oberth. When Rudolph was forced to renounce his U.S. citizenship after an investigation into his past, LaRouche supporters formed a defense fund for him. LaRouche also collaborated with Ehricke on ideas about the colonization of the moon and Mars; after Ehricke's death, LaRouche sponsored the "Krafft Ehricke Memorial Conference," and in 1988 delivered a national TV broadcast titled "The Woman on Mars."
    See LaRouche Political Action Committee 1988
  135. Rumsfeld, Donald, Known and Unknown, Sentinel, 2011, ISBN 978-1595230676, p. 309
  136. "Will the Third World flare up in 2012?" Archived February 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Komsomolskaya Pravda – February 22, 2012
  137. ^ Lynch 1985, p. 42.
  138. Mintz, John. "Critics of LaRouche Group Hassled, Ex-Associates Say" Archived December 26, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, January 14, 1985.
  139. LaRouche, Lyndon. "LaRouche testifies on his case" Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Executive Intelligence Review], undated.
  140. "LaRouche Jury Gives $3 Million to NBC-TV" Archived April 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, November 2, 1984.
  141. "Judgment is reduced in LaRouche-NBC Case" Archived December 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, February 24, 1985.
  142. "LaRouche to pay $250,000 to NBC" Archived April 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, September 20, 1986.
  143. LaRouche v. National Broadcasting Company Archived May 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, 780 F.2d 1134, 1139 (4th Cir. 1986).
  144. Toumey 1996, pp. 87–88
  145. Petit, Charles. "Doctor Supports Prop. 64 – Sort Of", San Francisco Chronicle, September 30, 1986, pg. 8
  146. Kirp, David L. "LaRouche Turns To AIDS Politics" Archived January 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 11, 1986.
  147. Roderick 1986.
    • For criticism from leading scholars, including California schools of public health and Stanford University, see Toumey 1996, pp. 88–89.
    • For opposition campaigns and number of votes in favor, see Berlet & Lyons 2000, p. 237.
    • "LaRouche says he'll be swept into office," The Boston Globe, June 28, 1987.
  148. Frantz 1986, p. 2.
  149. "Democrats step up LaRouche alert" Archived April 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, April 26, 1986.
  150. "LaRouche Calls Critics Insane, Wants Regan Put in Jail" Archived July 8, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times, April 10, 1986.
  151. ^ "LaRouche Gets 15 Years for Cheating His Backers, IRS: 6 Aides Also Get Prison Terms, Fines Archived March 8, 2021, at the Wayback Machine," Associated Press, January 27, 1989.
  152. "LaRouche Group, Long on the Political Fringe Gets Mainstream Scrutiny After Illinois Primary", Ellen Hume, The Wall Street Journal, March 28, 1986
  153. Mintz, John (January 31, 1987). "Prosecutor Moves to Disarm LaRouche Guards". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  154. Shenon 1986.
  155. "U.S. Agents Take Over 3 LaRouche Companies" Archived June 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, April 21, 1987.
  156. "LaRouche Convicted of Mail Fraud; 6 Associates of Extremist Also Found Guilty in Loan Solicitations" Archived November 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, December 17, 1988.
  157. Clark 1995
  158. The Power of Reason: 1988, an autobiography by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., 1987, Executive Intelligence Review, Designed by World Composition Services, ISBN 0943235006, p. 309
  159. "Outsider making his 8th White House bid / LaRouche says he'd fix economy", Rachel Gravges, Houston Chronicle, March 6, 2004
  160. "American presidential election, 1988" Archived April 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  161. For LaRouche's interests, see LaRouche, Lyndon. "Correspondence: Classical Composition," The New Republic, December 26, 1988.
    • For the movement's interests, see Roderick. Kevin. "Raid Stirs Reports of LaRouche's Dark Side," Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1986.
    • For "Think like Beethoven," see Smith, Susan, J. "Bonn exhibit depicts Germany's Beethoven cult" Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, September 29, 1986.
    • For singing at events, see Fitzgerald, Michael. "Plenty of weirdness in 2007," The Record, Stockton, CA, January 2, 2008.
    • For an example of a LaRouche choir singing at a protest, see Milbank, Dana. "Where Does the Bean Soup Fit In?" Archived December 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, April 27, 2005.
    • Roddy, Dennis. "LaRouchies, Anarchists doth protest, but not too much," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 30, 2004.
    • Yamamura, Kevin. "Governor begins Mexico visit with praise for Dems," Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, November 10, 2006.
    • Roderick, Kevin. "Raid Stirs Reports of LaRouche's Dark Side," Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1986.
  162. For rock, see Hume, Ellen. "LaRouche Trying to Lose Splinter Label," Archived February 15, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times, February 16, 1980, pp. 20–21.
  163. Ng, David (May 30, 2010). "L.A.'s 'Ring' cycle begins with protests outside, mixed reaction inside". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 15, 2019.
    • Also see Ng, David (May 31, 2010). "Protesters greet start of 'Ring'". Los Angeles Times.
  164. Rosen, David (1995). Rosen, David, Verdi, Requiem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521397674. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  165. "Shall Lyndon LaRouche call the tuning pitch?", Richmond Times Dispatch, September 16, 1989.
  166. Dorr 1992.
  167. "American presidential election, 1992" Archived April 28, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  168. Witt 2004, p. 2.
  169. McFaul, Michael and Markov, Sergei, The Troubled Birth of Russian Democracy: Parties, Personalities, and Programs Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Hoover Press, 1993
  170. Mitrofanov, Sergei, Линдон Ларуш против мирового порядка ("Lyndon LaRouche against the world order"), Russian Journal, March 31, 1999 Archived November 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  171. Alabama Times Daily, Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine September 28, 1994
  172. Reeves, Jay, LaRouche Contact Shocks Judge England Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Tuscaloosa News, September 30, 1994
  173. Miller, Dean, State senators sign petition to clear LaRouche, Document demands exoneration of fraud conviction, The Spokesman-Review, August 21,
  174. Pittmen, David, Four lawmakers seek `exoneration' of Lyndon LaRouche Archived October 10, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Tucson Citizen, June 20, 1995
  175. Pea, Peter and Smith, Leef. "LaRouche Back in Loudoun After 5 Years in Prison" Archived July 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, January 24, 1994.
  176. Goodstein, Laurie (September 2, 1994). "Nation of Islam official assails Jewish group". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  177. Clark, Ramsey (April 26, 1995). "Letter from former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark to Attorney General Janet Reno". LaRouche in 2004. Archived from the original on December 21, 2006. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
  178. "The Curtis Clark Commission Findings: Exonerate Lyndon LaRouche". LaRouche in 2004. September 3, 1994. Archived from the original on December 19, 2003. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
  179. "Statement of Mann-Chestnut Commission" (Press release). Schiller Institute. Archived from the original on October 14, 2008. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
  180. ^ A Word About LaRouche – On the 90th birthday of the famous American non-conformist Archived February 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, editorial in Zavtra ("Tomorrow,") September 5, 2012 -translation into English available here Archived October 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, accessed September 21, 2012
  181. "Exonerate LaRouche". LaRouche in 2004. Archived from the original on February 28, 2004. Retrieved October 11, 2008. LaRouche's Schiller Institute paid for the advertisement. Amelia Boynton Robinson was at that time a board member of the Institute. James Bevel and William Warfield had been active in various LaRouche organizations.
  182. Quinton 1996.
  183. Bligh 2008.
  184. Walker, Martin (July 15, 1995). "A long list of conspiracy feeders". The Gazette. Montreal, Que. p. B.5.
  185. "Why The British Kill American Presidents", Archived July 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine The New Federalist (December 1994)
  186. "LaRouche takes call for Ridge impeachment to TV | Supporters have criticized changes in welfare program". The Patriot. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. August 24, 1996. p. B.6.
  187. "Impeach Tom Ridge!". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  188. Records of Australian Parliament , June 29, 1998
  189. "U.S. Scholars Refute Cox Report", Xinhua News Agency, June 4, 1999.
  190. "LaRouche Vows to Change U.S. Politics if Elected President," Xinhua News Agency, October 25, 1999.
  191. For the founding of WYLM and the membership figures, see Witt 2004, p. 2, and Silva 2006.
  192. Alinejad 2004, pp. 105–106.
  193. No Joke – The Washington Post Archived April 28, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  194. Roberts, May 2, 2003 Archived February 27, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
  195. Berlet, Chip (September 13, 2007). "Lyndon LaRouche: Man of Vision or Venom?: What's the Real Story?". Political Research Associates. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
  196. Qazwini, Iqbal. "Major International Crises Need a Giant Project to Overcome Them" Archived February 22, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Asharq Al-Awsat, January 23, 2003.
  197. Tang 2005
  198. Tang Yong, People's Daily, U.S. Treasury and American experts: to force the appreciation of the renminbi is a mistake Archived May 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, April 13, 2005.
  199. *Lindo, Bill, Behind the scenes in the Obama administration Archived May 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Amandala Online, March 31, 2009
  200. "Former candidate returns to Illinois" Archived February 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, saukvalley.com, November 2, 2007.
  201. Mackey, Robert (August 25, 2009). "Visitors from Planet LaRouche". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017.
  202. Overley, Jeff. "LaRouche activists press message; Demonstrators battle health care overhaul by likening ideas to Hitler's policies", Orange County Register, August 23, 2009.
  203. For the pamphlets and posters, see Schultz 2009.
  204. For the police being called, see McNerthney 2009.
  205. For Barney Frank, see CNN, August 19, 2009 Archived September 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  206. Zuckert, Catherine H and Michael P, The Truth about Leo Strauss: Political Philosophy and American Democracy, p. 12
  207. ^ Johnson 1983, pp. 187ff.
  208. Copulus 1984, p. 2.
  209. Johnson 1983, pp. 14.
  210. George & Wilcox 1992, pp. 314ff.
  211. For LaRouche on his philosophy, see LaRouche, Lyndon. "The Secrets Known Only to the Inner Elites" Archived June 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Campaigner, May–June 1978, p. 5ff.
  212. Toumey 1996, p. 85ff.
  213. For the empiricists, see also Robins & Post 1997, p. 196.
  214. For the list of friends and foes, see Johnson 1983, pp. 22, 188, 192–193, 198
  215. For LaRouche's comment about the conspirators not needing to be in touch with each other, see Johnson 1983, p. 198.
  216. Atkins 2011, p. 108.
  217. For Rosenfeld in The Washington Post, see Rosenfeld, September 24, 1976 Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  218. "Lyndon LaRouche, perennial presidential candidate, dead at 96". Fox News. February 13, 2019. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  219. "'Prophet: Debt crisis a new world order plot". Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  220. "Lyndon LaRouche Jr., conspiracy theorist and presidential candidate, dies at 96". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  221. For example, see Rosenfeld 1976; Horowitz 1981; Lerman 1988; Griffin & Feldman 2003, p. 144; and Blamires 2006.
  222. In German: "Wir brauchen eine Bewegung, die Deutschland endlich aus der Kontrolle der Kräfte von Versailles und Jalta befreit, die uns schon ein ganzes Jahrhundert lang von einer Katastrophe in die andere stürzt."
  223. "Tod auf der Straße". Berliner Zeitung (in German). Berlineonline.de. October 23, 2008. Archived from the original on October 29, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2014. Article title in English is "Death on the Streets".
  224. Samuels, Tim. "Jeremiah Duggan's death and Lyndon LaRouche," Newsnight, February 12, 2004.
  225. Montgomery 1979.
  226. Copulus 1984, p. 4, footnote 5.
  227. Also see Binder, Sarah. "Commonwealth candidates cause concern" Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Canadian Press, September 1, 1984.
  228. For the drug lobby quote, see McLaughlin, April 11, 1986 Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  229. Also see "LaRouche alleges conspiracy from Moscow to White House", Associated Press, April 19, 1986.
  230. "LaRouche, September 17, 2006". Archived from the original on October 22, 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2006..
  231. Lerman 1988, p. 213.
  232. Johnson 1989, p. 2.
  233. Pipes 1997, pp. 137, 142.
  234. "Neo-Nazism". Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  235. Manning 1998.
  236. George & Wilcox 1992, pp. 317, 322.
  237. The book has the puff: "American Economist Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., has been right in his long-range economic and related forecasts – in contrast to virtually all other economists and political leaders, who have been simply wrong." Vernadsky, Vladimir; Larouche, Lyndon (February 16, 2018). (Book sales page). Independently Published. ISBN 978-1980307884.
  238. Black Monday of 1987 occurred, however LaRouche's actual statements in advance were to refer lukewarmly to predictions made by unnamed "leading European financial officials" "The "Financial Crash/Economic Depression"". laroucheplanet. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  239. ^ "The "Financial Crash/Economic Depression"". laroucheplanet. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  240. In 1974 Larouche said the NCLC had 1,000 members and his other organizations 1,000 to 2,000; see Valentine, Paul W. (February 25, 1974), "NCLC Fights a Psychic War Against CIA and Left Rivals", The Capital Times (Madison, Wis.): pp. 22–23.
  241. For 20,000 members in the Fusion Energy Foundation and National Democratic Policy Committee, and 300,000 magazine subscribers, see Johnson 1983, p. 191.
  242. In 1987 John Mintz of the Washington Post wrote that there more than 500 members worldwide; see Mintz, September 20, 1987.
  243. In 2004 The Washington Post estimated that the LaRouche Youth Movement had hundreds of members in the U.S. and more abroad; see Witt 2004.
  244. Toumey 1996, p. 86
  245. Mintz, September 20, 1987; see above.
  246. Smith, Timothy R. (February 13, 2019). "Lyndon LaRouche Jr. – conspiracy theorist, presidential candidate and longtime Virginian – dies". Richmond Times-Dispatch. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  247. The LaRouche movement was treated in a series on cults in the Washington Post in 1985, in company with for example the Rajneesh movement (Orange People)John Mintz. "Ideological Odyssey: From Old Left to Far Right". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 13, 2004. Retrieved July 6, 2004.
  248. "The cult and the candidate". Independent.co.uk. July 20, 2004. Archived from the original on May 28, 2011. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  249. "But in Germany, they are seen as a political cult – and a potentially dangerous one" "Lyndon LaRouche Is Running A Pro-China Party In Germany". Foreign Policy. September 18, 2017. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  250. ^ Mintz, September 20, 1987 Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  251. Johnson 1983, pp. 191–192.

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