Bingöl: Difference between revisions

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	{{Short description\|City in Bingöl Province, Turkey}}		{{Short description\|City in Bingöl Province, Turkey}}
	{{About\|the city\|the province\|Bingöl Province}}		{{About\|the city\|the province\|Bingöl Province}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2024}}
	{{Infobox Turkey place		{{Infobox Turkey place
	\| type = municipality		\| type = municipality
Line 8:		Line 9:
	\| image_caption =		\| image_caption =
	\| image_shield =		\| image_shield =
	\| coordinates = {{~~coord~~\|38\|53\|10\|N\|40\|30\|6\|E\|format=dms\|display=inline,title}}		\| coordinates = {{Coord\|38\|53\|10\|N\|40\|30\|6\|E\|format=dms\|type:city(133,000)_region:TR-12\|display=inline,title}}
	\| province = Bingöl		\| province = Bingöl
	\| district = Bingöl		\| district = Bingöl
	\| leader_party = ]		\| leader_party = ]
	\| leader_name = Erdal Arıkan		\| leader_name = ]
	\| area_footnotes =		\| area_footnotes =
	\| area_total_km2 =		\| area_total_km2 =
	\| elevation_m = 1120		\| elevation_m = 1120
	\| population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/>		\| population_footnotes =<ref name=tuik/>
	\| population_total = 133423		\| population_total = 133423
	\| population_as_of = 2022		\| population_as_of = 2022
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	\| website = {{url\|https://www.bingol.bel.tr/}}		\| website = {{url\|https://www.bingol.bel.tr/}}
	}}		}}
	]		]

	'''Bingöl''' ({{~~lang-~~hy\|Ճապաղջուր\|translit=Chapaghjur}}, {{~~lang-~~ku\|Çewlik}},<ref>{{cite book \|author1=Adem \|first=Avcıkıran \|url= \|title=Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî \|date=2009 \|page=55 \|language=tr, ku \|access-date=}}</ref> {{~~Lang-~~diq\|Çewlîg}}<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Ferhengê Kirmanckî (Zazakî)-Tirkî: Kırmancca (Zazaca)-Türkçe Sözlük \|publisher=Weşanxaneyê Vateyî \|year=2009 \|isbn=978-975-6278-40-6 \|pages=106 \|language=tr, diq}}</ref>) is a city in ]. It is the seat of ] and ],<ref name=ilce>, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.</ref> having a population of 133,423 (2022).<ref name=tuik/>		'''Bingöl''' ({{langx\|hy\|Ճապաղջուր\|translit=Chapaghjur}}, {{langx\|ku-Latn\|Çewlik}},<ref>{{cite book \|author1=Adem \|first=Avcıkıran \|url= \|title=Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî \|date=2009 \|page=55 \|language=tr, ku \|access-date=}}</ref> {{Langx\|diq\|Çewlîg}}<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Ferhengê Kirmanckî (Zazakî)-Tirkî: Kırmancca (Zazaca)-Türkçe Sözlük \|publisher=Weşanxaneyê Vateyî \|year=2009 \|isbn=978-975-6278-40-6 \|pages=106 \|language=tr, diq}}</ref>), known as '''Çapakçur''' before 1944, is a city in ]. It is the seat of ] and ],<ref name=ilce>, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.</ref> having a population of 133,423 (2022).<ref name=tuik/>

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
	One of the historical names for the city, ''Bingöl'' literally means ''thousand lakes'' in Turkish; however, there ~~aren't~~ any lakes of considerable size within the boundaries of the ]. The name rather refers to many ] found around the city.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Coğrafi Yapı \|url=https://www.bintso.org.tr/Bing%C3%B6l/Co%C4%9FrafiYap%C4%B1/tabid/14989/Default.aspx#:~:text=Bing%C3%B6l%20%C4%B0li%20s%C4%B1n%C4%B1rlar%C4%B1%20%C4%B0%C3%A7erisinde%20b%C3%BCy%C3%BCkl%C3%BCk%20a%C3%A7%C4%B1s%C4%B1ndan%20%C3%B6nemli%20say%C4%B1labilecek%20herjangi%20bir%20g%C3%B6l%20yoktur. \|website=www.bintso.org.tr \|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|title=Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: III \|pages=240–241 \|url=https://archive.org/details/EvliyelebiSeyahatnmesiIII/page/n239/mode/2up \|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>		One of the historical names for the city, ''Bingöl'' literally means ''thousand lakes'' in Turkish; however, there are not any lakes of considerable size within the boundaries of the ]. The name rather refers to many ] found around the city.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Coğrafi Yapı \|url=https://www.bintso.org.tr/Bing%C3%B6l/Co%C4%9FrafiYap%C4%B1/tabid/14989/Default.aspx \|website=www.bintso.org.tr \|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|title=Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: III \|pages=240–241 \|url=https://archive.org/details/EvliyelebiSeyahatnmesiIII/page/n239/mode/2up \|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of ] (first an ] and later an ] and ] province).<ref name="Karavachar">{{cite book\|last1=Hakobyan\|first1=Tadevos Kh.\|url=http://nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&query=%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80\|title=Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան \|last2=Melik-Bakhshyan\|first2=Stepan T.\|last3=Barseghyan\|first3=Hovhannes Kh.\|date=1991\|publisher=Yerevan State University Publishing House\|volume=3\|location=Yerevan\|page=603\|language=hy}}</ref> The settlement is mentioned by its Armenian name, Chapaghjur (meaning "spread out water" in Armenian), by the 11th-century Armenian historian ], who mentions it while describing the ].<ref name="Karavachar" /> Chapaghjur is sometimes identified with the Roman fortress-town of ] (~~Ktʻaṛich~~ in Armenian).<ref name="Karavachar" />]		Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of ] (first an ] and later an ] and ] province).<ref name="Karavachar">{{cite book\|last1=Hakobyan\|first1=Tadevos Kh.\|url=http://nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&query=%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80\|title=Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան \|last2=Melik-Bakhshyan\|first2=Stepan T.\|last3=Barseghyan\|first3=Hovhannes Kh.\|date=1991\|publisher=Yerevan State University Publishing House\|volume=3\|location=Yerevan\|page=603\|language=hy}}</ref> The settlement is mentioned by its Armenian name, Chapaghjur (meaning "spread out water" in Armenian), by the 11th-century Armenian historian ], who mentions it while describing the ].<ref name="Karavachar" /> Chapaghjur is sometimes identified with the Roman fortress-town of ] (''Ktarich'' in Armenian).<ref name="Karavachar" />

	In the ], Bingöl was known as ''Romanoupolis'' ({{lang-gr\|Ῥωμανούπολις}}) after the ] emperor ], who incorporated it into the ] in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the '']'' of ], but it was later (ca. 970) elevated into a separate theme.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Oikonomides\|first=Nicolas\|author-link=Nicolas Oikonomides\|title=Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles\|location=Paris, France\|publisher=Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\|year=1972\|language=fr\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFdmAAAAMAAJ \| page=359}}</ref>
			In the ], Bingöl was known as ''Romanoupolis'' ({{langx\|el\|Ῥωμανούπολις}}) after the ] emperor ], who incorporated it into the ] in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the '']'' of ], but it was later (c. 970) elevated into a separate theme.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Oikonomides\|first=Nicolas\|author-link=Nicolas Oikonomides\|title=Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles\|location=Paris, France\|publisher=Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\|year=1972\|language=fr\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFdmAAAAMAAJ \| page=359}}</ref>

	{{Further\|Emirate of Bingöl}}		{{Further\|Emirate of Bingöl}}

	Bingöl was ruled by the Suwaydid dynasty, a cadet branch of the ], from the 13th century until mid-Ottoman rule, autonomously from the ].<ref>{{cite book \|last=M. Mahfuz \|first=Söylemez \|url=http://www.bingol.bel.tr/resimler/yayinlar/dosyalar/26.pdf#page=9 \|title=According To The Tahrir Register Dated 1550 Liva Of Çapakçur \|date=2010 \|isbn=978-975-6788-82-0 \|location=Bingöl \|page=17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627192016/http://www.bingol.bel.tr/resimler/yayinlar/dosyalar/26.pdf \|archive-date=27 June 2020 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bingöl and the surrounding district had a large Armenian population prior to the ].<ref name="Karavachar" /> Until the middle of the 20th century, the city was known as Çapakçur/Çabakçur, derived from its Armenian name.<ref>, ANTHROPOLOGIA INTEGRA Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, p.9; academia.edu</ref><ref>, frmartuklu.org</ref> The place was then ] Bingöl, meaning "thousand lakes" in Turkish.
			Bingöl was ruled by the Suwaydid dynasty, a cadet branch of the ], from the 13th century until mid-Ottoman rule, autonomously from the ].<ref>{{cite book \|last=Mahfuz \|first=Söylemez M. \|date=2010 \|title=According to the Tahrir Register Dated 1550 Liva of Çapakçur \|url=http://www.bingol.bel.tr/resimler/yayinlar/dosyalar/26.pdf#page=9 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627192016/http://www.bingol.bel.tr/resimler/yayinlar/dosyalar/26.pdf \|archive-date=27 June 2020 \|url-status=dead \|location=Bingöl \|publisher=Bingöl Belediyesi Kültür Yayınlar \|page=17 \|isbn=978-975-6788-82-0 \|oclc=1030056968}}</ref> Bingöl and the surrounding district had a large Armenian population prior to the ].<ref name="Karavachar" /> Until the middle of the 20th century, the city was known as Çapakçur/Çabakçur, derived from its Armenian name.<ref>, ''ANTHROPOLOGIA INTEGRA'' Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, p. 9; academia.edu</ref><ref>, frmartuklu.org</ref> In 1944, the place was ] Bingöl, meaning "thousand lakes" in Turkish.

	=== Kurdish-Turkish conflict ===		=== Kurdish-Turkish conflict ===
	Bingöl has been the site of several violent incidents of the ]. On 23 October 2016, a car bombing targeting an armored police vehicle perpetrated by ] ~~militias~~ killed 2 police officers and injured 19 others.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Bingöl'de zırhlı polis aracına saldırı: 2 polis şehit, 5'i polis 19 yaralı\|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2016/gundem/son-dakika-haberi/bingolde-zirhli-polis-aracina-saldiri-2-polis-sehit-5i-polis-19-yarali-1464328/\|access-date=2020-10-28\|website=www.sozcu.com.tr\|date=23 October 2016 \|language=tr}}</ref> On 8 June 2018, a group of ] ~~militias~~ attacked a military station and killed 1 Turkish soldier while injuring 3 others.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=DHA\|title=Bingöl'de PKK pususu: 1 asker şehit, 3 asker yaralı\|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/bingolde-pkk-pususu-1-asker-sehit-3-asker-ya-40862322\|access-date=2020-10-28\|website=Hürriyet\|date=8 June 2018 \|language=tr}}</ref>		Bingöl has been the site of several violent incidents of the ]. On 23 October 2016, a car bombing targeting an armored police vehicle perpetrated by ] militia members killed two police officers and injured 19 others.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Bingöl'de zırhlı polis aracına saldırı: 2 polis şehit, 5'i polis 19 yaralı\|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2016/gundem/son-dakika-haberi/bingolde-zirhli-polis-aracina-saldiri-2-polis-sehit-5i-polis-19-yarali-1464328/\|access-date=2020-10-28\|website=www.sozcu.com.tr\|date=23 October 2016 \|language=tr}}</ref> On 8 June 2018, a group of ] militia members attacked a military station and killed one Turkish soldier while injuring three others.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=DHA\|title=Bingöl'de PKK pususu: 1 asker şehit, 3 asker yaralı\|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/bingolde-pkk-pususu-1-asker-sehit-3-asker-ya-40862322\|access-date=2020-10-28\|website=Hürriyet\|date=8 June 2018 \|language=tr}}</ref>

	== Demographics ==
	In 1891, the ] had 20,800 inhabitants: 16,465 Muslims and 4,385 Armenians.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kaza Chapaghjur – Ճապաղջուր \|url=https://virtual-genocide-memorial.de/region/the-six-provinces/bitlis-vilayet/sancak-genc/kaza-chapaghjur-%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80/ \|access-date=2023-09-17 \|website=Virtual Genocide Memorial \|language=en-US}}</ref>

	==Geography==		==Geography==
	Bingöl is {{convert\|144\|km}} east of ] and is situated in the high region of ]. Bingöl is a mountainous area with heights reaching 3000 m, Bingöl city is at about 1120 m above sea level.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web\|last=Aydan\|first=Ö.\|date=July 2003\|title=THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003\|url=https://www.jsce.or.jp/report/19/report/report200307.pdf\|website=Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering\|page=4}}</ref> The ] (''Gayt Çayı''), a right-bank tributary of the Eastern Euphrates (]), runs through the city.		Bingöl is {{convert\|144\|km}} east of ] and is situated in the high region of ]. Bingöl is a mountainous area with heights reaching 3000 m, Bingöl city is at about 1120 m above sea level.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web\|last=Aydan\|first=Ö.\|date=July 2003\|title=THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003\|url=https://www.jsce.or.jp/report/19/report/report200307.pdf\|website=Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering\|page=4}}</ref> The ] (''Gayt Çayı''), a right-bank tributary of the Eastern Euphrates (]), runs through the city.

	=== ~~Earthquakes~~ ===		=== Climate ===
			Bingöl has a ] (]: ''Dsa'', or ] ''Dca''), with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. The driest months are July and August and the wettest is February and December.
	On 1 May 2003 the whole area suffered from a ], leaving 176 dead and 520 injured.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|last=Aydan\|first=Ö.\|date=July 2003\|title=THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003\|url=https://www.jsce.or.jp/report/19/report/report200307.pdf\|website=Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering\|page=1}}</ref> On 8 March 2010, the area suffered ], of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in ], {{convert\|45\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} west of Bingöl. On 14 June 2020, ] occurred in the region, killing a village guard and injuring 21 others.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2020-06-15\|title=Bingöl'de deprem: Bir güvenlik görevlisi hayatını kaybetti\|url=https://tr.euronews.com/2020/06/15/bingol-de-meydana-gelen-depremde-bir-guvenlik-gorevlisi-hayatini-kaybetti\|access-date=2020-10-21\|website=euronews\|language=tr}}</ref>

			Highest recorded temperature:{{Convert\|42.0\|C\|F\|abbr=on}} on 26 July 2001<br>Lowest recorded temperature:{{Convert\|-25.1\|C\|F\|abbr=on}} on 27 February 1992<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=BINGOL \|title=İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri \|access-date=23 June 2024 \|website=mgm.gov.tr \|publisher=Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü.}}</ref>
	== Population ==
	{{Historical populations
	\|align = none
	\|percentages = pagr
	\|cols=2
	\|source = Population censuses (1965-1997)<ref name="TÜİK1965">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015227.pdf \| title = 1965 General Census \| date = 1965 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220531152603/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015227.pdf \| archive-date = 31 May 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1970">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015363.pdf \| title = 1970 General Census \| date = 1970 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220810121207/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015363.pdf \| archive-date = 10 August 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1975">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015628.pdf \| title = 1975 General Census \| date = 1975 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220810123238/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015628.pdf \| archive-date = 10 August 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1980">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015840.pdf \| title = 1980 General Census \| date = 1980 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220617101828/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015840.pdf \| archive-date = 17 June 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1985">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013062.pdf \| title = 1985 General Census \| date = 1986 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210522110755/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013062.pdf \| archive-date = 22 May 2021 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1990">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013349.pdf \| title = 1990 General Census \| date = 1991 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210831205734/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013349.pdf \| archive-date = 31 August 2021 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1997">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf \| title = 1997 Population Count \| date = 1999 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221030113057/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf \| archive-date = 30 October 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref> and TÜIK (2007-2022)<ref name=tuik>{{cite web\|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en \|title=Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters\|publisher=] \|access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref>
	\|1965\|11727
	\|1970\|17220
	\|1975\|22047
	\|1980\|28146
	\|1985\|34024
	\|1990\|41590
	\|1997\|67022
	\|2007\|86511
	\|2012\|98424
	\|2017\|117014
	\|2022\|133423
	}}

	== Transport ==
	] opened on 12 July 2013. It has a passenger capacity of 500'000 a year.

	== Education ==
	] opened on 29 May 2007.<ref> {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611191135/http://www.bingol.edu.tr/universitemiz/tarihcemiz.aspx \|date=11 June 2015 }}</ref> The University continues its activities with 9 faculties, 6 vocational schools and 5 institutes.

	== Climate ==
	Bingöl has a ] (]: ''Dsa, or ]: Dca''), with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. The driest months are July and August and the wettest is February and December.
	{{Weather box		{{Weather box
	\|width = auto		\|width = auto
	\|metric first= Yes		\|metric first= Yes
	\|single line= Yes		\|single line= Yes
	\|location= Bingöl (1991–2020, extremes ~~1961–2020~~)		\|location= Bingöl (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2023) (Station height:1139, coordinates:{{coord\|38\|53\|5\|N\|40\|30\|3\|E}})
	\| Jan record high C = 13.3		\| Jan record high C = 13.8
	\| Feb record high C = 16.2		\| Feb record high C = 16.2
	\| Mar record high C = 22.3		\| Mar record high C = 22.3
Line 89:		Line 64:
	\| Jul record high C = 42.0		\| Jul record high C = 42.0
	\| Aug record high C = 41.3		\| Aug record high C = 41.3
	\| Sep record high C = 37.8		\| Sep record high C = 38.1
	\| Oct record high C = 32.1		\| Oct record high C = 32.1
	\| Nov record high C = 25.5		\| Nov record high C = 25.5
Line 160:		Line 135:
	\| Dec precipitation mm = 133.3		\| Dec precipitation mm = 133.3
	\| year precipitation mm = 935.1		\| year precipitation mm = 935.1
	\| Jan precipitation days = 10.47		\| Jan precipitation days = 12.67
	\| Feb precipitation days = 10.37		\| Feb precipitation days = 12.2
	\| Mar precipitation days = 13.43		\| Mar precipitation days = 14.3
	\| Apr precipitation days = 15.17		\| Apr precipitation days = 14.83
	\| May precipitation days = 14.50		\| May precipitation days = 14.37
	\| Jun precipitation days = 5.70		\| Jun precipitation days = 5.37
	\| Jul precipitation days = ~~1.93~~		\| Jul precipitation days = 2
	\| Aug precipitation days = 1.57		\| Aug precipitation days = 1.5
	\| Sep precipitation days = 3.33		\| Sep precipitation days = 2.83
	\| Oct precipitation days = 8.33		\| Oct precipitation days = 8.47
	\| Nov precipitation days = 8.47		\| Nov precipitation days = 8.93
	\| Dec precipitation days = 11.30		\| Dec precipitation days = 12.57
	\| year precipitation days = ~~104.6~~		\| year precipitation days = 110
			\| Jan humidity =72.8
			\| Feb humidity =71.1
			\| Mar humidity =65.5
			\| Apr humidity =60.9
			\| May humidity =57.1
			\| Jun humidity =44.3
			\| Jul humidity =37.2
			\| Aug humidity =35.9
			\| Sep humidity =41.4
			\| Oct humidity =56.4
			\| Nov humidity =65
			\| Dec humidity =73.2
			\| year humidity =
	\| Jan sun = 105.4		\| Jan sun = 105.4
	\| Feb sun = 124.3		\| Feb sun = 124.3
Line 206:		Line 194:
	\| language = tr		\| language = tr
	\| access-date = 27 June 2021}}</ref>		\| access-date = 27 June 2021}}</ref>
			\|source 2 = ] (humidity)<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Bingol_17203.csv \|title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Bingol \|access-date=23 June 2024 \|website=ncei.noaa.gov \|publisher=] \|no-pp=y \|format=CSV \|quote=WMO Station number: 17203}}</ref>
	\|date= March 2011		\|date= March 2011
	}}		}}

			=== Earthquakes ===
			On 1 May 2003, the whole area suffered from a ], leaving 176 dead and 520 injured.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|last=Aydan\|first=Ö.\|date=July 2003\|title=THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003\|url=https://www.jsce.or.jp/report/19/report/report200307.pdf\|website=Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering\|page=1}}</ref> On 8 March 2010, the area suffered ], of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in ], {{convert\|45\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} west of Bingöl. On 14 June 2020, ] occurred in the region, killing a village guard and injuring 21 others.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=15 June 2020\|title=Bingöl'de deprem: Bir güvenlik görevlisi hayatını kaybetti\|url=https://tr.euronews.com/2020/06/15/bingol-de-meydana-gelen-depremde-bir-guvenlik-gorevlisi-hayatini-kaybetti\|access-date=2020-10-21\|website=euronews\|language=tr}}</ref>

			== Demographics ==
			=== Ethnic background ===
			In 1891, the ] had 20,800 inhabitants: 16,465 Muslims and 4,385 Armenians.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Kaza Chapaghjur – Ճապաղջուր \|url=https://virtual-genocide-memorial.de/region/the-six-provinces/bitlis-vilayet/sancak-genc/kaza-chapaghjur-%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80/ \|access-date=2023-09-17 \|website=Virtual Genocide Memorial \|language=en-US}}</ref>

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Mother tongue, ], ]<ref name=1927census>{{Cite journal \|last=Sertel \|first=Savaş \|date=1 January 2014 \|title=ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNDE BİNGÖL NÜFUSU \|url=https://www.academia.edu/37923564/ERKEN_CUMHUR%C4%B0YET_D%C3%96NEM%C4%B0NDE_B%C4%B0NG%C3%96L_N%C3%9CFUSU \|journal=XVII. TTK Bildiri Kitabi}}</ref>
			! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! Unknown or other languages
			\|-
			\| 975 \|\| 1 \|\| 9,416 \|\| – \|\| – \|\| –
			\|}

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Religion, ], ]<ref name=1927census/>
			! ] !! ] !! ] !! ]
			\|-
			\| 10,395 \|\| – \|\| – \|\| –
			\|}

			=== Population ===
			{{Historical populations
			\|align = none
			\|percentages = pagr
			\|cols=2
			\|source = Population censuses (1965–1997)<ref name="TÜİK1965">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015227.pdf \| title = 1965 General Census \| date = 1965 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220531152603/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015227.pdf \| archive-date = 31 May 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1970">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015363.pdf \| title = 1970 General Census \| date = 1970 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220810121207/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015363.pdf \| archive-date = 10 August 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1975">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015628.pdf \| title = 1975 General Census \| date = 1975 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220810123238/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015628.pdf \| archive-date = 10 August 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1980">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015840.pdf \| title = 1980 General Census \| date = 1980 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220617101828/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015840.pdf \| archive-date = 17 June 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1985">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013062.pdf \| title = 1985 General Census \| date = 1986 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210522110755/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013062.pdf \| archive-date = 22 May 2021 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1990">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013349.pdf \| title = 1990 General Census \| date = 1991 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210831205734/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013349.pdf \| archive-date = 31 August 2021 \| url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TÜİK1997">{{Cite web \| url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf \| title = 1997 Population Count \| date = 1999 \| publisher = ] \| language = Turkish \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221030113057/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf \| archive-date = 30 October 2022 \| url-status = live }}</ref> and TÜIK (2007–2022)<ref name=tuik>{{cite web\|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en \|title=Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters\|publisher=] \|access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref>
			\|1965\|11727
			\|1970\|17220
			\|1975\|22047
			\|1980\|28146
			\|1985\|34024
			\|1990\|41590
			\|1997\|67022
			\|2007\|86511
			\|2012\|98424
			\|2017\|117014
			\|2022\|133423
			}}

			== Transport ==
			]

			] opened on 12 July 2013. It has a passenger capacity of 500,000 a year.

			== Education ==
			] opened on 29 May 2007.<ref> {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611191135/http://www.bingol.edu.tr/universitemiz/tarihcemiz.aspx \|date=11 June 2015 }}</ref> The university has nine faculties, six vocational schools and five institutes.

			== Mayors of Bingöl ==
			* ]–1979 ] (])
			* 1979–] Hilmi Elçi (])
			* ]–] Mehmet Sıddık Börü (])
			* ]–] Selahattin Kaya (])
			* ]–] Selahattin Aydar (])
			* ]–] Bedri Tuğ (], ])
			* ]–] Feyzullah Karaaslan (], ])
			* ]–] Hacı Ketenalp (])
			* ]–] Serdar Atalay (])
			* ]–] Yücel Barakazi (])
			* ]–present ] (])

			== Notable people ==
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

	==References==		==References==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}

	{{Bingöl District}}		{{Bingöl District}}
	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2019}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Bingol}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Bingol}}
	]		]
	]
	]		]
	]		]
			]

Latest revision as of 04:57, 21 December 2024

City in Bingöl Province, Turkey This article is about the city. For the province, see Bingöl Province.

Municipality in Turkey

Bingöl
Municipality

BingölLocation in Turkey
Coordinates: 38°53′10″N 40°30′6″E / 38.88611°N 40.50167°E / 38.88611; 40.50167
Country	Turkey
Province	Bingöl
District	Bingöl
Government
• Mayor	Erdal Arıkan (AK Party)
Elevation	1,120 m (3,670 ft)
Population	133,423
Time zone	UTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code	12000
Area code	0426
Website	www.bingol.bel.tr

Bingöl (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, romanized: Chapaghjur, Kurdish: Çewlik, Zazaki: Çewlîg), known as Çapakçur before 1944, is a city in Turkey. It is the seat of Bingöl Province and Bingöl District, having a population of 133,423 (2022).

Etymology

One of the historical names for the city, Bingöl literally means thousand lakes in Turkish; however, there are not any lakes of considerable size within the boundaries of the province. The name rather refers to many tarns found around the city.

History

Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of Sophene (first an independent kingdom and later an Armenian and Roman province). The settlement is mentioned by its Armenian name, Chapaghjur (meaning "spread out water" in Armenian), by the 11th-century Armenian historian Stepanos Asoghik, who mentions it while describing the 995 Balu earthquake. Chapaghjur is sometimes identified with the Roman fortress-town of Citharizum (Ktarich in Armenian).

In the Middle Ages, Bingöl was known as Romanoupolis (Greek: Ῥωμανούπολις) after the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos, who incorporated it into the Byzantine Empire in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the thema of Mesopotamia, but it was later (c. 970) elevated into a separate theme.

Further information: Emirate of Bingöl

Bingöl was ruled by the Suwaydid dynasty, a cadet branch of the Barmakids, from the 13th century until mid-Ottoman rule, autonomously from the Ottomans. Bingöl and the surrounding district had a large Armenian population prior to the Armenian genocide. Until the middle of the 20th century, the city was known as Çapakçur/Çabakçur, derived from its Armenian name. In 1944, the place was renamed Bingöl, meaning "thousand lakes" in Turkish.

Kurdish-Turkish conflict

Bingöl has been the site of several violent incidents of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict. On 23 October 2016, a car bombing targeting an armored police vehicle perpetrated by PKK militia members killed two police officers and injured 19 others. On 8 June 2018, a group of PKK militia members attacked a military station and killed one Turkish soldier while injuring three others.

Geography

Bingöl is 144 kilometres (89 mi) east of Elazığ and is situated in the high region of Eastern Anatolia. Bingöl is a mountainous area with heights reaching 3000 m, Bingöl city is at about 1120 m above sea level. The Gayt River (Gayt Çayı), a right-bank tributary of the Eastern Euphrates (Murat River), runs through the city.

Climate

Bingöl has a continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dsa, or Trewartha climate classification Dca), with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. The driest months are July and August and the wettest is February and December.

Highest recorded temperature:42.0 °C (107.6 °F) on 26 July 2001
Lowest recorded temperature:−25.1 °C (−13.2 °F) on 27 February 1992

Climate data for Bingöl (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2023) (Station height:1139, coordinates:38°53′5″N 40°30′3″E / 38.88472°N 40.50083°E / 38.88472; 40.50083)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	13.8 (56.8)	16.2 (61.2)	22.3 (72.1)	30.3 (86.5)	33.9 (93.0)	38.0 (100.4)	42.0 (107.6)	41.3 (106.3)	38.1 (100.6)	32.1 (89.8)	25.5 (77.9)	22.8 (73.0)	42.0 (107.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	2.4 (36.3)	4.1 (39.4)	10.2 (50.4)	16.9 (62.4)	23.1 (73.6)	29.8 (85.6)	34.7 (94.5)	35.1 (95.2)	29.9 (85.8)	22.0 (71.6)	12.7 (54.9)	5.2 (41.4)	18.8 (65.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−2.1 (28.2)	−0.8 (30.6)	4.7 (40.5)	10.9 (51.6)	16.2 (61.2)	22.2 (72.0)	26.7 (80.1)	26.7 (80.1)	21.3 (70.3)	14.5 (58.1)	6.8 (44.2)	0.7 (33.3)	12.3 (54.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−5.5 (22.1)	−4.6 (23.7)	0.4 (32.7)	5.8 (42.4)	10.2 (50.4)	15.0 (59.0)	19.3 (66.7)	19.1 (66.4)	13.9 (57.0)	8.6 (47.5)	2.2 (36.0)	−2.8 (27.0)	6.8 (44.2)
Record low °C (°F)	−23.2 (−9.8)	−21.6 (−6.9)	−20.3 (−4.5)	−9.2 (15.4)	1.0 (33.8)	3.5 (38.3)	8.8 (47.8)	7.8 (46.0)	4.2 (39.6)	−2.4 (27.7)	−15.0 (5.0)	−25.1 (−13.2)	−25.1 (−13.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	138.7 (5.46)	128.9 (5.07)	134.4 (5.29)	110.5 (4.35)	82.5 (3.25)	21.3 (0.84)	6.6 (0.26)	5.1 (0.20)	15.4 (0.61)	65.3 (2.57)	93.1 (3.67)	133.3 (5.25)	935.1 (36.81)
Average precipitation days	12.67	12.2	14.3	14.83	14.37	5.37	2	1.5	2.83	8.47	8.93	12.57	110
Average relative humidity (%)	72.8	71.1	65.5	60.9	57.1	44.3	37.2	35.9	41.4	56.4	65	73.2	56.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours	105.4	124.3	148.8	165.0	213.9	270.0	285.2	275.9	240.0	189.1	135.0	102.3	2,254.9
Mean daily sunshine hours	3.4	4.4	4.8	5.5	6.9	9.0	9.2	8.9	8.0	6.1	4.5	3.3	6.2
Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service
Source 2: NOAA NCEI (humidity)

Earthquakes

On 1 May 2003, the whole area suffered from a magnitude 6.4 earthquake, leaving 176 dead and 520 injured. On 8 March 2010, the area suffered another earthquake, of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in Elazığ Province, 45 km (28 mi) west of Bingöl. On 14 June 2020, a relatively small earthquake occurred in the region, killing a village guard and injuring 21 others.

Demographics

Ethnic background

In 1891, the kaza had 20,800 inhabitants: 16,465 Muslims and 4,385 Armenians.

Mother tongue, Çapakçur District, 1927 Turkish census
Turkish	Arabic	Kurdish	Circassian	Armenian	Unknown or other languages
975	1	9,416	–	–	–

Religion, Çapakçur District, 1927 Turkish census
Muslim	Armenian	Orthodox	Other Christian
10,395	–	–	–

Population

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1965	11,727	—
1970	17,220	+7.99%
1975	22,047	+5.07%
1980	28,146	+5.01%
1985	34,024	+3.87%
1990	41,590	+4.10%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1997	67,022	+7.05%
2007	86,511	+2.59%
2012	98,424	+2.61%
2017	117,014	+3.52%
2022	133,423	+2.66%

Source: Population censuses (1965–1997) and TÜIK (2007–2022)

Transport

Bingöl Airport opened on 12 July 2013. It has a passenger capacity of 500,000 a year.

Education

Bingöl University opened on 29 May 2007. The university has nine faculties, six vocational schools and five institutes.

Mayors of Bingöl

1977–1979 Hikmet Tekin (MHP)
1979–1980 Hilmi Elçi (Independent)
1984–1989 Mehmet Sıddık Börü (ANAP)
1989–1994 Selahattin Kaya (SHP)
1994–1995 Selahattin Aydar (Refah Party)
1995–1999 Bedri Tuğ (Refah Party, Fazilet Party)
1999–2004 Feyzullah Karaaslan (HADEP, DEHAP)
2004–2009 Hacı Ketenalp (AK Party)
2009–2014 Serdar Atalay (AK Party)
2014–2019 Yücel Barakazi (AK Party)
2019–present Erdal Arıkan (AK Party)

Notable people

References

^ "Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters". TÜIK. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
Adem, Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 55.
Ferhengê Kirmanckî (Zazakî)-Tirkî: Kırmancca (Zazaca)-Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish and Zazaki). Weşanxaneyê Vateyî. 2009. p. 106. ISBN 978-975-6278-40-6.
İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
"Coğrafi Yapı". www.bintso.org.tr. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: III. pp. 240–241. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
^ Hakobyan, Tadevos Kh.; Melik-Bakhshyan, Stepan T.; Barseghyan, Hovhannes Kh. (1991). Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան [Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories] (in Armenian). Vol. 3. Yerevan: Yerevan State University Publishing House. p. 603.
Oikonomides, Nicolas (1972). Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles (in French). Paris, France: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. p. 359.
Mahfuz, Söylemez M. (2010). According to the Tahrir Register Dated 1550 Liva of Çapakçur (PDF). Bingöl: Bingöl Belediyesi Kültür Yayınlar. p. 17. ISBN 978-975-6788-82-0. OCLC 1030056968. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2020.
"Italian City-states and Catholic Missions in Mongolian World of the 13th and 14th Centuries", ANTHROPOLOGIA INTEGRA Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, p. 9; academia.edu
Bingöl Tarihi, frmartuklu.org
"Bingöl'de zırhlı polis aracına saldırı: 2 polis şehit, 5'i polis 19 yaralı". www.sozcu.com.tr (in Turkish). 23 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
DHA (8 June 2018). "Bingöl'de PKK pususu: 1 asker şehit, 3 asker yaralı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 28 October 2020.
Aydan, Ö. (July 2003). "THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003" (PDF). Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering. p. 4.
"İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri". mgm.gov.tr. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
"Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Bingol" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov. National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2024. WMO Station number: 17203
Aydan, Ö. (July 2003). "THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003" (PDF). Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering. p. 1.
"Bingöl'de deprem: Bir güvenlik görevlisi hayatını kaybetti". euronews (in Turkish). 15 June 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
"Kaza Chapaghjur – Ճապաղջուր". Virtual Genocide Memorial. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
^ Sertel, Savaş (1 January 2014). "ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNDE BİNGÖL NÜFUSU". XVII. TTK Bildiri Kitabi.
"1965 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1965. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2022.
"1970 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2022.
"1975 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1975. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2022.
"1980 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1980. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2022.
"1985 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1986. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2021.
"1990 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1991. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021.
"1997 Population Count" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2022.
Bingöl University Archived 11 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine

v t e Bingöl District
Municipalities	Bingöl Ilıcalar Sancak
Villages	Ağaçeli Ağaçyolu Akdurmuş Alatepe Alibir Altınışık Ardıçtepe Arıcılar Aşağıakpınar Aşağıköy Bahçeli Balıklıçay Balpınar Bilaloğlu Büyüktekören Çavuşlar Çayağzı Çayboyu Çeltiksuyu Çevrimpınar Çiçekdere Çiçekyayla Çiriş Çobantaşı Çukurca Dallıtepe Dikköy Dikme Direkli Dişbudak Dügernan Düzyayla Ekinyolu Elmalı Emtağ Erdemli Erentepe Garip Gökçekanat Gökçeli Gökdere Göltepesi Gözeler Gözer Gümüşlü Güngören Gürpınar Güveçli Haziran İncesu Kardeşler Kartal Kılçadır Kıran Köklü Küçüktekören Kumgeçit Kurtuluş Kuruca Kurudere Kuşburnu Kuşkondu Oğuldere Olukpınar Ormanardı Ortaçanak Ortaköy Şabanköy Sancaklı Sarıçiçek Sudüğünü Sütgölü Suvaran Tepebaşı Topalan Üçyaka Uğurova Uzunsavat Yamaç Yaygınçayır Yazgülü Yelesen Yenibaşlar Yeniköy Yeşilköy Yolçatı Yukarıakpınar Yumaklı

Bingöl District

Municipalities

Villages

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