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{{Short description|Syrupy dessert popular in South Asia}} | ||
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{{Infobox food | {{Infobox food | ||
| name |
| name = Rasgulla | ||
| image |
| image = Rasgullas from Odisha and Bengal.jpg | ||
| image_size |
| image_size = 220px | ||
| caption |
| caption = Pahala rasagolas from Odisha (left) and Bengali rasagollas from West Bengal (right) | ||
| alternate_name |
| alternate_name = Rasagola, rosgola, roshogolla, rossogolla, rasbhari or rasbari (Nepali) | ||
| region |
| region = ], ] | ||
| course |
| course = ] | ||
| type |
| type = Soft sweet soaked in syrup | ||
| served |
| served = Hot, cold, or room temperature | ||
| main_ingredient |
| main_ingredient = ], ] | ||
| minor_ingredient = | | minor_ingredient = | ||
| variations |
| variations = Bengali rosogolla, Odia rasagola | ||
| serving_size |
| serving_size = | ||
| calories |
| calories = | ||
| protein |
| protein = | ||
| fat |
| fat = | ||
| carbohydrate |
| carbohydrate = | ||
| glycemic_index |
| glycemic_index = | ||
| similar_dish |
| similar_dish = ], ], ] | ||
| other |
| other = | ||
| national_cuisine = ], ], ], ] | |||
| complexity = | |||
| country = ] | |||
| national_cuisine = ], ], ] | |||
| cookbook = Rosogulla | |||
| country = ] (Odia Rasagola), ] (Banglar Rosogolla), ] | |||
| cookbook = Rosogulla | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Rasgulla''' |
'''Rasgulla''' (literally "syrup filled ball"){{efn|Also known as rasagola, rosogola, or rosogolla.}} is a syrupy dessert popular in the ] of ]. It is made from ball-shaped dumplings of ] dough, cooked in light ] syrup. This is done until the syrup permeates the dumplings. | ||
While it is near-universally agreed upon that the dessert originated in the eastern Indian subcontinent, the exact locus of origin is disputed between locations such as ],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Subodhchandra Sengupta|url=http://archive.org/details/SamsadBanglaCharitabhidhan|title=Samsad Bangla Charitabhidhan|date=1960}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Bishwanath|date=15 November 2014|title=Kolkata Chromosome: Like KC for 'rossogolla'|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/J5jK255x5F6wpRll00gVFP/Kolkata-Chromosome-Like-KC-for-rossogolla.html|access-date=24 August 2021|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> and ],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Panel seal on rasgulla's Odisha origin|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160714/jsp/frontpage/story_96633.jsp#.V_DfrHV97Qo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715155949/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160714/jsp/frontpage/story_96633.jsp#.V_DfrHV97Qo|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2016|access-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> where it is offered at the ].<ref>{{cite book|author=Sarat Chandra Mahapatra|title=Car Festival of Lord Jagannath, Puri|date=1994|publisher=Sri Jagannath Research Centre|location=Puri|page=149|oclc=967072714}}</ref> | |||
The dish originated in the eastern part of ]; the present-day Indian states of ] and ] have variously claimed to be its birthplace. ] also unofficially claimed to be its birthplace but didn't applied for ] tag for the same. | |||
In 2017, when West Bengal got its rosogolla's ] (GI) status, the Registry Office of India clarified that West Bengal was given GI status for Banglar rosogolla and Odisha can claim it too if they cite the place of origin of their variant along with colour, texture, taste, juice content and method of manufacturing.<ref name="NIE_2017" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/533/533%20-%20Certificate%20of%20Registration%20-%2014-11-2017.pdf|title=GI Certificate by Govt of India}}</ref> In 2019, the government of Odisha was granted the GI status for "Odisha rasagola" (Odia rasagola).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/odisha-receives-gi-tag-for-rasagola-5860795/|title=Sweet success: Odisha's Rasagola gets GI tag|date=29 July 2019|work=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/battle-over-origin-of-rasgulla-contines-after-odisha-files-petition-demanding-change-of-gi-tag-2056055.html|title=Battle Over Origin of 'Rasgulla' Continues, After Odisha Files Petition Demanding Change of GI Tag|work=News18|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-odisha-finally-gets-geographical-indication-tag-for-odishara-rasagola/335106|title=Odisha Finally Gets Geographical Indication Tag For 'Odishara Rasagola'|magazine=Outlook |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> | |||
Some ] confectioners and food historians believe Rasgulla originated in Bangladesh and later on got popularized by Nabin Chandra Das in ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nur|first=Shah Alam|title=War on Rasgulla {{!}} The Asian Age Online, Bangladesh|url=http://dailyasianage.com/news/29132/?regenerate|access-date=2020-09-27|website=The Asian Age|language=en}}</ref> But few other Bangladeshi food historians don't back this claim.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-09|title=রসগোল্লা আবিষ্কারক বরিশাল অঞ্চলের লোক|url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news/2016/03/160309_bangladesh_rashogollah_debate_barisal|access-date=2020-09-29|website=BBC News বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref> | |||
In 2015, a committee formed by the government of Odisha asserted that the sweet had originated in Odisha,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160714/jsp/frontpage/story_96633.jsp#.V_DfrHV97Qo|title=Panel seal on rasgulla's Odisha origin|access-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> where it is offered at the ].<ref>{{cite book |author=Sarat Chandra Mahapatra |date=1994 |title=Car Festival of Lord Jagannath, Puri |location=Puri |publisher=Sri Jagannath Research Centre |page=149 |oclc=967072714}}</ref> In 2016, the ] government applied for a ] (GI) tag for the variant called "Banglar Rosogolla" (Bengali Rasgulla) or normal Rasgulla, clarifying that the Bengal and Odisha variants were different in "both in colour, texture, taste, juice content and method of manufacturing."<ref name="NDTV_claim_2016">{{cite news |title=Our Claim Only On A Variety Of Rasogolla, No Dispute With Odisha: West Bengal |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/our-claim-only-on-a-variety-of-rasogolla-no-dispute-with-odisha-bengal-1436883 |access-date=24 August 2016 |agency=] |publisher=] |date=27 July 2016 }}</ref> | |||
In 2017, when West Bengal got its Rosogolla's ] status, the Registry office of India clarified that West Bengal was given GI status for Banglar Rosogolla and Odisha can claim it too if they site the place of origin of their variant along with colour, texture, taste, juice content and method of manufacturing.<ref name="NIE_2017" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/533/533%20-%20Certificate%20of%20Registration%20-%2014-11-2017.pdf|title=GI Certificate by Govt of India}}</ref> | |||
In 2018, Odisha government applied for GI status for "Odisha Rasagola" (Odia Rasgulla was declared different from normal or Bengali Rasgulla), which got approved by GI Registry of India and subsequently Odisha got its own Rasagola's GI status on 29 July 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/odisha-receives-gi-tag-for-rasagola-5860795/|title=Sweet success: Odisha's Rasagola gets GI tag|date=2019-07-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-29}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/battle-over-origin-of-rasgulla-contines-after-odisha-files-petition-demanding-change-of-gi-tag-2056055.html|title=Battle Over Origin of 'Rasgulla' Contines, After Odisha Files Petition Demanding Change of GI Tag|website=News18|access-date=2019-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-odisha-finally-gets-geographical-indication-tag-for-odishara-rasagola/335106|title=Odisha Finally Gets Geographical Indication Tag For 'Odishara Rasagola'|website=Outlook India|access-date=2019-07-29}}</ref> | |||
== Names == | == Names == | ||
The dessert is |
The dessert is {{IPA|bn|rɔʃoɡolːa|pron}} in ], and {{IPA-or|ɾɔsɔɡola|pron}} in ] and {{IPA|sa|rɐsɐɡoːlɐkɐm|pron}} in ]. ''Rasgulla'' is derived from the words ''ras'' ("juice") and ''gulla'' ("ball").<ref name="Oxford_Rasgulla">{{cite web | url =http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rasgulla?q=Rasgulla | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150924134122/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rasgulla?q=Rasgulla | url-status =dead | archive-date =24 September 2015 | title =Rasgulla@Oxford Dictionaries | publisher =Oxford University Press | location = India | language = hi | access-date =28 August 2015}}</ref> Other names for the dish include ''rasagulla'',<ref>{{cite news |author=Deepika Sahu |date=2 July 2012 |title=Discover Odisha's 'sweet' magic |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/Discover-Odishas-sweet-magic/articleshow/14595468.cms |work=The Times of India }}</ref> ''rossogolla'',<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/History-of-rossogolla-now-just-a-click-away/articleshow/18980157.cms |title=History of rossogolla now just a click away |newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 March 2013 }}</ref> ''roshogolla'',<ref>{{cite news |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/BAN-of-luchi-rolls-roshogolla-in-durga-puja-2466492.html |title=Of luchi, rolls & roshogolla in Durga puja |newspaper=Daily Bhaskar |date=29 September 2011}}</ref> ''rasagola'',<ref name="ZeeJuly2015">{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/and-more/rasagola-originated-in-odisha-did-you-know_1638800.html |title=Rasagola originated in Odisha- Did you know? |publisher=Zee News |date=30 July 2015 }}</ref> ''rasagolla'',<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/how-to-makerasagolla/article4927694.ece |title=How to make…Rasagolla |author=Sonali Pattnaik |newspaper=The Hindu |date=18 July 2013 }}</ref> and ''rasbhari'' or ''rasbari'' (Nepali).<ref name="Alan2006"/> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== Claims of Puri temple tradition of Odisha (15th century) === | |||
According to historians of Odisha, the rasgulla originated in ], as '']'', which later evolved into the Pahala rasgulla.<ref name="ToI_Bishwa_2015">{{cite news|author=Mitra Bishwabijoy|date=6 July 2015|title=Who invented the rasgulla?|newspaper=Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-features/Who-invented-the-rasgulla/articleshow/47909754.cms|access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref> It has been traditionally offered as '']'' to goddess ] at ].<ref>{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=Trinity take 'adhar pana' on raths|newspaper=The New Indian Express|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article90964.ece#.UytBYlcqQ0M|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512225523/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article90964.ece#.UytBYlcqQ0M|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 May 2014}}</ref> According to the local legend, Lakshmi gets upset because her husband ] goes on a 9-day sojourn (the ''ratha yatra'') without her consent. So, she locks ''Jai Vijay Dwar'', one of the temple gates and prevents his convoy from re-entering the ] (sanctum sanctorum) of the temple. To appease her, Jagannath offers her rasgullas. This ritual, known as ''Bachanika'', is part of the "Niladri Bije" (or "Arrival of the God") observance, which marks the return of the deities to the temple after the ].<ref>{{cite news|author=Subhashish Mohanty|date=3 July 2012|title=Lord placates wife with sweet delight|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120703/jsp/odisha/story_15682727.jsp#.UytFEVcqQ0M|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314143938/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120703/jsp/odisha/story_15682727.jsp#.UytFEVcqQ0M|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=26 July 2010|title=Sweet and sermon return for deities|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100726/jsp/orissa/story_12725909.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025125021/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100726/jsp/orissa/story_12725909.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 October 2012}}</ref> | |||
The Jagannath Temple scholars such as Laxmidhar Pujapanda and researchers like Jagabandhu Padhi state that the tradition has existed since the 12th century, when the present-day temple structure was first built.<ref name="ToI_citing_2015">{{cite news|author1=Mohapatra Bhattacharya|author2=Debabrata Kajari|date=31 July 2015|title=Citing Rath ritual, Odisha lays claim to rasagulla, WB historians don't agree|newspaper=Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Citing-Rath-ritual-Odisha-lays-claim-to-rasagulla-WB-historians-dont-agree/articleshow/48297818.cms|access-date=1 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Padhi2000">{{cite book|author=Jagabandhu Padhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHMeMwEACAAJ|title=Sri Jagannatha at Puri|date=2000|publisher=S.G.N. Publications}}</ref> Pujapanda states that the Niladri Bije tradition is mentioned in ''Niladri Mahodaya'', which is dated to the 18th century by Sarat Chandra Mahapatra.<ref name="ToI_citing_2015" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Sarat Chandra Mahapatra|title=Car Festival of Lord Jagannath, Puri|date=1994|publisher=Sri Jagannath Research Centre|location=Puri|page=55|oclc=967072714}}</ref> According to Mahapatra, several temple scriptures, which are over 300 years old, provide the evidence of rasgulla offering ritual in Puri.<ref>{{cite news|author=Debabrata Mohapatra|date=29 July 2007|title=Researchers Claim Rasgullas Were Born In Puri|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> | |||
=== Claims of Puri temple tradition of Odisha === | |||
According to folklore, Pahala (a village on the outskirts of Odisha's capital ]) had a large number of cows. The village would produce excess milk, and the villagers would throw it away when it became spoilt. When a priest from the Jagannath Temple saw this, he taught them the art of ], including the recipe for rasagulla. Pahala thus went on to become the biggest market for chhena-based sweets in the area.<ref>{{cite news|author=Madhulika Dash|date=11 September 2014|title=The Food Story: How India's favourite sweet dish rosugulla was born|newspaper=Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/the-food-story-how-indias-favourite-sweet-dish-rosugulla-was-born/}}</ref> | |||
According to historians of Odisha, the rasgulla originated in ], as '']'', which later evolved into the Pahala rasgulla.<ref name="ToI_Bishwa_2015"/> It has been traditionally offered as '']'' to goddess ] at ].<ref>{{cite news | date = 5 July 2009 | title = Trinity take 'adhar pana' on raths | url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article90964.ece#.UytBYlcqQ0M | newspaper = The New Indian Express }}</ref> According to the local legend, Laxmi gets upset because her husband ] goes on a 9-day sojourn (the ''ratha yatra'') without her consent. So, she locks ''Jai Vijay Dwar'', one of the temple gates and prevents his convoy from re-entering the ] of the temple. To appease her, Jagannath offers her rasgullas. This ritual, known as ''Bachanika'', is part of the "Niladri Bije" (or "Arrival of the God") observance, which marks the return of the deities to the temple after the ].<ref>{{cite news | author = Subhashish Mohanty | date = 3 July 2012 | title = Lord placates wife with sweet delight | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120703/jsp/odisha/story_15682727.jsp#.UytFEVcqQ0M}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | date = 26 July 2010 | title = Sweet and sermon return for deities | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100726/jsp/orissa/story_12725909.jsp | newspaper = The Telegraph | location = Calcutta}}</ref> | |||
According to Asit Mohanty, an Odia research scholar on Jagannath cult and traditions, the sweet is mentioned as "Rasagola" in the 15th-century text '']'' of Balaram Das.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 July 2016|title=Hopes for Rasagola Origin in Odisha Revived|newspaper=The Pioneer|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/hopes-for-rasagola-origin-in-odisha-revived.html|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha celebrates GI Tag, distributes 50,000 Rasagolas in Bhubaneswar|date=19 August 2019|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-celebrates-gi-tag-distributes-50-000-rasagolas-in-bhubaneswar/story-TxjS2Z2uuKUM5pOTmo1mzL.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The unkindest cut: 'Rasagolas' are not Bengali after all|date=3 August 2015|url=http://www.firstpost.com/living/unkindest-cut-rasagolas-not-bengali-2375514.html|work=Firstpost|access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New evidence on rasagola's Odisha origin found | Sambad English|date=18 May 2016|url=https://sambadenglish.com/new-evidence-found-rasagolas-odisha-origin/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rasagola | PDF|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/472998635/Rasagola}}</ref> | |||
The Jagannath Temple scholars such as Laxmidhar Pujapanda and researchers like Jagabandhu Padhi state that the tradition has existed since the 12th century, when the present-day temple structure was first built.<ref name="ToI_citing_2015">{{cite news |author1=Mohapatra Bhattacharya |author2=Debabrata Kajari |date=31 July 2015 |title=Citing Rath ritual, Odisha lays claim to rasagulla, WB historians don't agree |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Citing-Rath-ritual-Odisha-lays-claim-to-rasagulla-WB-historians-dont-agree/articleshow/48297818.cms |newspaper=Times of India|access-date=1 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Padhi2000">{{cite book | author=Jagabandhu Padhi | date=2000 | title=Sri Jagannatha at Puri | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHMeMwEACAAJ | publisher=S.G.N. Publications}}</ref> Pujapanda states that the Niladri Bije tradition is mentioned in ''Niladri Mahodaya'', which is dated to the 18th century by Sarat Chandra Mahapatra.<ref name="ToI_citing_2015"/><ref>{{cite book |author=Sarat Chandra Mahapatra |date=1994 |title=Car Festival of Lord Jagannath, Puri |location=Puri |publisher=Sri Jagannath Research Centre |page=55 |oclc=967072714}}</ref> According to Mahapatra, several temple scriptures, which are over 300 years old, provide the evidence of rasgulla offering ritual in Puri.<ref>{{cite news |author=Debabrata Mohapatra |date= 29 July 2007 |title=Researchers Claim Rasgullas Were Born In Puri |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> | |||
The text mentions rasagola along with other sweets found in Odisha. There is also mention of many other cheese sweets like ''chhenapuri'', ''chhenaladu'' and ''rasabali''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ramayana|first=Jagamohan|title=Ramayana|publisher=Balaram Das|location=Ajodhya Kanda}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Typical selections from Oriya Literature|title=Ramayana|publisher=B.C. Mazumdar|page=84}}</ref> Another ancient text ''Premapanchamruta'' of Bhupati also mentions cheese (''chhena'').<ref>{{cite book|author=G. C. Praharaj|url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.15.praharaj.1121967|title=Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha|date=1931–1940|publisher=Utkal Sahitya Press|location=Cuttack|page=2594|access-date=20 July 2016|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027000623/http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.15.praharaj.1121967|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is being argued that cheese making process was well known before coming of Portuguese in Odisha. | |||
According to folklore, Pahala (a village on the outskirts of Odisha's capital ]) had a large number of cows. The village would produce excess milk, and the villagers would throw it away when it became spoilt. When a priest from the Jagannath Temple saw this, he taught them the art of ], including the recipe for rasagulla. Pahala thus went on to become the biggest market for chhena-based sweets in the area.<ref>{{cite news |author=Madhulika Dash |date=11 September 2014 |title=The Food Story: How India's favourite sweet dish rosugulla was born |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/the-food-story-how-indias-favourite-sweet-dish-rosugulla-was-born/ |newspaper = Indian Express}}</ref> | |||
According to the Bengali culinary historian Pritha Sen, in the mid-18th century, many ] cooks were employed in Bengali homes who arguably have introduced Rasgulla along with many other Odia dishes |
According to the Bengali culinary historian Pritha Sen, in the mid-18th century, many ] cooks were employed in Bengali homes who arguably have introduced Rasgulla along with many other Odia dishes, but there is no substantial claim to prove that.<ref name="ToI_Bishwa_2015" /> According to another theory, it is possible that the Bengali visitors to Puri might have carried the recipe for rasgulla back to Bengal in the nineteenth century. But no substantial claim regarding that was ever found by any historian or anyone else.<ref name="gastr">{{cite journal|author=Michael Krondl|date=Summer 2010|title=The Sweetshops of Kolkata|journal=Gastronomica|volume=10|issue=3|pages=58–65|doi=10.1525/gfc.2010.10.3.58|jstor=10.1525/gfc.2010.10.3.58}}</ref> | ||
This claim is contested by Bengali historians. According to food historians ] and Chitra Banerji, there are no references to cheese (including chhena) in India before the 17th century. The milk-based sweets were mainly made up of ], before the ] influence led to introduction of cheese-based sweets. Therefore, the possibility of a cheese-based dish being offered at Jagannath Temple in the 12th century is highly unlikely.<ref>{{cite news |
This claim is contested by Bengali historians. According to food historians ] and Chitra Banerji, there are no references to cheese (including chhena) in India before the 17th century. The milk-based sweets were mainly made up of ], before the ] influence led to the introduction of cheese-based sweets. Therefore, the possibility of a cheese-based dish being offered at Jagannath Temple in the 12th century is highly unlikely.<ref>{{cite news|author=Shoaib Daniyal|date=4 August 2015|title=Who Deserves Credit For The Rasgulla? Bengalis, Odiyas...Or The Portuguese?|newspaper=Kashmir Observer|url=http://www.kashmirobserver.net/news/opinion/who-deserves-credit-rasgulla-bengalis-odiyasor-portuguese|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009143538/http://www.kashmirobserver.net/news/opinion/who-deserves-credit-rasgulla-bengalis-odiyasor-portuguese|archive-date=9 October 2015}}</ref> According to Nobin Chandra Das' descendant Animikh Roy and historian Haripada Bhowmik, rasgulla is not even mentioned as one of the ''chhappan bhog'' ("56 offerings") in the early records of the Temple; the name of the sweet was coined in Bengal. They also state that it would have been a blasphemy to offer something made from spoiled milk (chhena) to a deity.<ref name="ToI_citing_2015" /><ref name="ToI_Jhimli_2015" /> However, Michael Krondl argues that Hindu dietary rules vary from region to region, and it is possible that this restriction did not exist in present-day Odisha. But at the same time, he could not give any substantial information to uphold the claim that he was forwarding.<ref name="Michael_2011">{{cite book|author=Michael Krondl|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gN6ySQnUnfwC&pg=PA53|title=Sweet Invention: A History of Dessert|publisher=Chicago Review Press|year=2011|isbn=978-1-55652-954-2|pages=55–59}}</ref> | ||
=== Claims of invention in Bengal region (19th century) === | |||
According to Asit Mohanty, an Odia research scholar on Jagannath cult and traditions, the sweet is mentioned as "Rasagola" in the 15th century text '']'' of Balaram Das.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hopes for Rasagola Origin in Odisha Revived |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/hopes-for-rasagola-origin-in-odisha-revived.html |newspaper=The Pioneer |date=15 July 2016 |access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> The text mentions Rasagola, along with other sweets found in Odisha. There is also mention of many other cheese made sweets like ''Chhenapuri'', ''Chhenaladu'' and ''Rasabali''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ramayana |first=Jagamohan |title=Ramayana |publisher=Balaram Das |location=Ajodhya Kanda}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Typical selections from Oriya Literature |title=Ramayana |publisher=B.C. Mazumdar |page=84}}</ref> Another ancient text ''Premapanchamruta'' of Bhupati also mentions cheese (Chhena).<ref>{{cite book |author=G. C. Praharaj |date=1931–1940 |title=Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha |url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.15.praharaj.1121967 |location=Cuttack |publisher=Utkal Sahitya Press |page=2594 |access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> It is being argued that cheese making process was well known before coming of Portuguese in Odisha. | |||
==== Claims of invention in West Bengal ==== | |||
According to sweetmeat researcher Haripada Bhowmick, ''dela rasagulla'' was popular in ] and ] of ]. ] loved this type of rasagulla a lot and the art of its making was spread to other regions during the ].<ref>{{Cite news |title=The rasogolla's journey, from Nadia to Odisha and Kolkata |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/the-rasogollas-journey-from-nadia-to-odisha-and-kolkata/articleshow/61651738.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=15 November 2017 |access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref> The spongy, white rôśôgolla is believed to have been introduced in present-day ] in 1868 by a ]-based confectioner named ].<ref>{{cite book |date=1976 |title=Samsad Bangla Charitabhidhan |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/SamsadBanglaCharitabhidhan/Samsad-Bangla-Charitabhidhan#page/n237/mode/2up |access-date=23 February 2018|editor-last=Subodh Chandra |editor-first=Sengupta |publisher=Sahitya Samsad|location=Kolkata|page=240}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh|first=Bishwanath|date=15 November 2014|title=Kolkata Chromosome: Like KC for 'rossogolla'|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/J5jK255x5F6wpRll00gVFP/Kolkata-Chromosome-Like-KC-for-rossogolla.html|access-date=29 September 2020|work=mint|language=en}}</ref> Das started making rôśôgolla by processing the mixture of ] and ] in boiling sugar ] in contrast to the mixture sans semolina in the original rôśôgolla in his sweet shop located at ] (present-day ]). | |||
Yet another theory is that rôśôgolla was first prepared by someone else in Bengal, and Das only popularised it. In ''Banglar Khabar'' (1987), food historian Pranab Ray states that a man named Braja Moira had introduced rôśôgolla in his shop near ] in 1866, two years before Das started selling the dish.<ref name="Michael_Oxford">{{cite book |author=Ishita Dey |display-editors=etal |year=2015 |editor=Michael Krondl |title=The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1bCBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=580–581 |isbn=978-0-19-931361-7}}</ref> In1906, Panchana Bandopadhyay wrote that rôśôgolla was invented in the 19th century by Haradhan Moira, a ]-based sweetmaker who worked for the Pal Chowdhurys of ].<ref>{{cite news |date=29 September 2014 |title=The sweet legacy of Durga Puja |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/The-sweet-legacy-of-Durga-Puja/articleshow/43790152.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> According to ''Mistikatha'', a newspaper published by West Bengal Sweetmeat Traders Association, many other people prepared similar sweets under different names such as ''gopalgolla'' (prepared by Gopal Moira of Burdwan district), ''jatingolla'', ''bhabanigolla'' and ''rasugolla''.<ref name="Michael_Oxford"/> Food historian Michael Krondl states that irrespective of its origin, the rôśôgolla likely predates Nobin Chandra Das. A sales brochure of the company run by Das' descendants also hints at this: "it is hard to tell whether or not cruder versions of similar sweets existed anywhere at that time. Even if they did, they did not match the quality of Nobin Chandra, and having failed to excite the Bengali palate, they slipped into oblivion."<ref name="Michael_2011"/> | |||
=== Claims of invention in West Bengal=== | |||
The spongy white rasgulla is believed to have been introduced in present-day ] in 1868 by a ]-based confectioner named ].<ref>{{cite book |date=1976 |title=Samsad Bangla Charitabhidhan |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/SamsadBanglaCharitabhidhan/Samsad-Bangla-Charitabhidhan#page/n237/mode/2up |access-date=23 February 2018|editor-last=Subodh Chandra |editor-first=Sengupta |publisher=Sahitya Samsad|location=Kolkata|page=240}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Bishwanath|date=2014-11-15|title=Kolkata Chromosome: Like KC for 'rossogolla'|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/J5jK255x5F6wpRll00gVFP/Kolkata-Chromosome-Like-KC-for-rossogolla.html|access-date=2020-09-29|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> Das started making rasgulla by processing the mixture of ] and ] in boiling sugar ] in contrast to the mixture sans semolina in the original rasgulla in his sweet shop located at ] (present-day Baghbazar). His descendants claim that his recipe was an original, but according to another theory, he modified the traditional Odisha rasgulla recipe to produce this less perishable variant.<ref>{{cite news | author = Sankar Ray | date = 31 July 2011 | title = Where is the creativity that gave us the Rosogolla? | url = http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-where-is-the-creativity-that-gave-us-the-rosogolla-1571196 | newspaper = ]}}</ref> | |||
], a ] businessman and a customer of Nobin Chandra Das, popularised the Bengali rôśôgolla beyond the shop's locality by ordering huge amounts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-how-the-rasogolla-became-a-global-name/20111116.htm?print=true |title=How the rasogolla became a global name! |date=16 November 2011 |work=] }}</ref> | |||
Yet another theory is that rasgulla was first prepared by someone else in Bengal, and Das only popularized it. In ''Banglar Khabar'' (1987), food historian Pranab Ray states that a man named Braja Moira had introduced rasgulla in his shop near ] in 1866, two years before Das started selling the dish.<ref name="Michael_Oxford">{{cite book |author=Ishita Dey |display-editors=etal |year=2015 |editor=Michael Krondl |title=The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1bCBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA580 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=580–581 |isbn=978-0-19-931361-7}}</ref> In 1906, Panchana Bandopadhyay wrote that rasgullla was invented in the 19th century by Haradhan Moira, a ]-based sweetmaker who worked for the Pal Chowdhurys of ].<ref>{{cite news |date=29 September 2014 |title=The sweet legacy of Durga Puja |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/The-sweet-legacy-of-Durga-Puja/articleshow/43790152.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> According to ''Mistikatha'', a newspaper published by West Bengal Sweetmeat Traders Association, many other people prepared similar sweets under different names such as ''gopalgolla'' (prepared by Gopal Moira of Burdwan district), ''jatingolla'', ''bhabanigolla'' and ''rasugolla''.<ref name="Michael_Oxford"/> Food historian Michael Krondl states that irrespective of its origin, the rasgulla likely predates Nobin Chandra Das. A sales brochure of the company run by Das' descendants also hints at this: "it is hard to tell whether or not cruder versions of similar sweets existed anywhere at that time. Even if they did, they did not match the quality of Nobin Chandra, and having failed to excite the Bengali palate, they slipped into oblivion."<ref name="Michael_2011"/> | |||
], a ] businessman and a customer of Nobin Chandra Das, popularized the Bengali rasgulla beyond the shop's locality by ordering huge amounts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-how-the-rasogolla-became-a-global-name/20111116.htm?print=true |title=How the rasogolla became a global name! |date=16 November 2011 |work=] }}</ref> | |||
===Claims of Bangladeshi origin=== | |||
Portuguese settlers made sweet curd cheese and ]-like confections from milk in the sixteenth century, which they brought with them to ]. Bengali housewives then improvised the recipe. Late veteran recipe writer and food connoisseur Shawkat Osman told ] that ancestors of ], the maker of Rasgulla, were originally from ] and they lived near ]. It is believed that the main origin was formulated in ] and then became popular in ].<ref name=":2">{{cite news |date=9 March 2016|title=রসগোল্লা আবিষ্কারক বরিশাল অঞ্চলের লোক |url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news/2016/03/160309_bangladesh_rashogollah_debate_barisal|language=bn |newspaper=BBC Bangla}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=15 November 2017 |title=Rosogolla pride West Bengal's |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/rosogolla-pride-west-bengals-1491346|newspaper=Daily Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 August 2016 |title=War on Rasgulla |url=https://dailyasianage.com/news/29132/war-on-rasgulla|newspaper=Daily Asian Age}}</ref> | |||
=== Modern popularity === | === Modern popularity === | ||
In 1930, the introduction of ] by Nobin Chandra's son ] led to the availability of canned Rasgullas, which made the dessert popular outside Kolkata, and subsequently, outside India.<ref name="IE_sticky_2011">{{cite news | author = Piyasree Dasgupta | date = 29 October 2011 | title = Sticky Sweet Success | url = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sticky-sweet-success/867051/0 | work = Indian Express }}</ref> Krishna Chandra's son ] established the K.C. Das Pvt Ltd company in 1946.<ref name="GHOSH2014">{{cite book |author=Bishwanath Ghosh |title=Longing, Belonging: An Outsider At Home In Calcutta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C4obBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT177 |date=29 October 2014 |publisher=Westland |isbn=978-93-84030-60-5 |page=177 }}</ref> Sarada Charan's younger, estranged son Debendra Nath established ] in 1956. | |||
Today, canned rasgullas are available throughout India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, as well as in South Asian grocery stores outside the Indian subcontinent. In ], Rasgulla became popular under the name ''Rasbari''.<ref name="Alan2006">{{cite book | author=Alan Davidson | title=The Oxford Companion to Food | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ-1AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT1880 | date=21 September 2006 | publisher=OUP Oxford | isbn=978-0-19-101825-1 | pages=1880 }}</ref> | |||
In 1930, the introduction of ] by Nobin Chandra's son ] led to the availability of canned Rasgullas, which made the dessert popular outside Kolkata, and subsequently, outside India.<ref name="IE_sticky_2011">{{cite news | author = Piyasree Dasgupta | date = 29 October 2011 | title = Sticky Sweet Success | url = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sticky-sweet-success/867051/0 | work = Indian Express }}</ref> Krishna Chandra's son ] established the K.C. Das Pvt Ltd company in 1946.<ref name="GHOSH2014">{{cite book |author=Bishwanath Ghosh |title=Longing, Belonging: An Outsider At Home In Calcutta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C4obBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT177 |date=29 October 2014 |publisher=Westland |isbn=978-93-84030-60-5 |page=177 }}</ref> Sarada Charan's younger, estranged son Debendra Nath established ] in 1956. | |||
The Indian space agency, ], is developing dehydrated rasgullas and other dishes for Indian astronauts in its planned crewed missions.<ref>{{cite news |author=Ram Kumar Ramaswamy |date=16 June 2012 |title=Isro astronauts to savour idlis, rasgullas in space |url=http://archive.asianage.com/hyderabad/isro-astronauts-savour-idlis-rasgullas-space-187 |newspaper=Asian Age}}</ref> | |||
Today, canned rasgullas are available throughout India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, as well as in South Asian grocery stores outside the subcontinent. In ], Rasgulla became popular under the name ''Rasbari''.<ref name="Alan2006">{{cite book | author=Alan Davidson | title=The Oxford Companion to Food | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ-1AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT1880 | date=21 September 2006 | publisher=OUP Oxford | isbn=978-0-19-101825-1 | pages=1880 }}</ref> | |||
In 2015, the Odisha government initiated a move to get ] (GI) status for the rasagulla made in Pahala.<ref name="ToI_citing_2015"/> On 30 July, the people of Odisha celebrated "Rasagola Dibasa" ("Rasgulla Day") to reaffirm Odisha as the place of the dish's origin.<ref name ="HT20July2015">{{cite news |author=Ramani Ranjan Mohapatra |date=30 July 2015 |title=#RasagolaDibasa trends as Odias reclaim iconic dish |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/rasagoladibasa-trends-as-odias-reclaim-iconic-dish/story-CoHZUeQ9zpxL4OLW5zSw5L.html |newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref> In August, ] decided to legally contest Odisha's move to obtain GI Status.<ref name="ToI_Jhimli_2015">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maharashtra-takes-up-rosogolla-battle-with-Odisha/articleshow/48417745.cms |title=Maharashtra (West Bengal) takes up rosogolla battle with Odisha |work=The Times of India |date=10 August 2015 |author=Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey }}</ref> In 2015 The Odisha state government constituted three committees to claim over the rasgulla. The committees submitted their interim report to the government. Noted journalist and food researcher ] and a member of the committee had submitted dossier containing historical evidence of rasgulla origin in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orissadiary.com/ShowOriyaColumn.asp?id=62220 |title=Sweet Struggle - Origin of Rasgulla|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818041330/http://orissadiary.com/ShowOriyaColumn.asp?id=62220 |archive-date=18 August 2016|url-status=dead|date=16 October 2015|author=Sumit Behera|website=rissadiary.com}}</ref> The Science and Technology department of the West Bengal government also started the process to get its own GI status for the dessert.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/west-bengal-and-odisha-battle-over-the-invention-of-rasgulla-1211128 |title=West Bengal and Odisha Battle Over the Invention of 'Rasgulla' |publisher=NDTV |date=26 August 2015 }}</ref> | |||
The Indian space agency, ] is developing dehydrated rasgullas and other dishes for Indian astronauts in its planned manned missions. <ref>{{cite news |author=Ram Kumar Ramaswamy |date=16 June 2012 |title=Isro astronauts to savour idlis, rasgullas in space |url=http://archive.asianage.com/hyderabad/isro-astronauts-savour-idlis-rasgullas-space-187 |newspaper=Asian Age}}</ref> | |||
In 2015, the Odisha government initiated a move to get ] (GI) status for the rasagulla made in Pahala.<ref name="ToI_citing_2015"/> On 30 July, the people of Odisha celebrated "Rasagola Dibasa" ("Rasgulla Day") to reaffirm Odisha as the place of the dish's origin.<ref name ="HT20July2015">{{cite news |author=Ramani Ranjan Mohapatra |date=30 July 2015 |title=#RasagolaDibasa trends as Odias reclaim iconic dish |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/rasagoladibasa-trends-as-odias-reclaim-iconic-dish |newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref> In August, ] decided to legally contest Odisha's move to obtain GI Status.<ref name="ToI_Jhimli_2015">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maharashtra-takes-up-rosogolla-battle-with-Odisha/articleshow/48417745.cms |title=Maharashtra (West Bengal) takes up rosogolla battle with Odisha |work=The Times of India |date=10 August 2015 |author=Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey }}</ref> In 2015 The odisha state government constituted three committees to claim over the Rasgulla . The committees submitted their interim report to the government. Noted journalist and food researcher ] and a member of the committee had submitted dossier containing historical evidence of Rasgulla origin in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orissadiary.com/ShowOriyaColumn.asp?id=62220 |title=Sweet Struggle - Origin of Rasgulla|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818041330/http://orissadiary.com/ShowOriyaColumn.asp?id=62220 |archive-date=18 August 2016|url-status=dead|date=16 October 2015|author=Sumit Behera|website=rissadiary.com}}</ref> The Science and Technology department of the West Bengal government also started the process to get its own GI status for the dessert.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/west-bengal-and-odisha-battle-over-the-invention-of-rasgulla-1211128 |title=West Bengal and Odisha Battle Over the Invention of 'Rasgulla' |publisher=NDTV |date=26 August 2015 }}</ref> | |||
== Rasagola Dibasa == | == Rasagola Dibasa == | ||
On 30 July 2015, on the day of "Niladri Bije", a social media campaign was started by using |
On 30 July 2015, on the day of "Niladri Bije", a social media campaign was started by using the hashtag #RasagolaDibasa and it later became a mainstream celebration as the first day to celebrate Rasgulla's origin to be Odisha.<ref name="ZeeJuly2015"/><ref name ="HT20July2015"/><ref name=HT30July2015-1>{{cite news |author=Dhrubo Jyoti |date=30 July 2015 |title=Revenge is sweet: How Bengalis made rosogolla their own |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/revenge-is-sweet-how-bengalis-made-rosogolla-their-own/story-ystpu1mwJbgVAIOV8sYG8L.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref> Odia newspaper ] and ] ] in collaboration with the confectioners of Pahala celebrated a rasgulla exhibition-cum-awareness event in Bhubaneswar. Sand artist ] made a sand sculpture in ] depicting "Niladri Bije" and Jagannath offering rasgulla to Lakshmi.<ref name=OST>{{cite news|title=Odisha celebrates 'Rasagola Dibasa' with great fanfare|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/07/31/odisha-celebrates-rasagola-dibasa-with-great-fanfare/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731215142/http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/07/31/odisha-celebrates-rasagola-dibasa-with-great-fanfare/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=31 July 2015|access-date=2 August 2015|date=31 July 2015}}</ref> | ||
It has been agreed upon to celebrate the Rasagola Dibasa every year on the tithi of Niladri Bije in the lunar calendar. In the year 2016, the Rasagola Dibasa has been celebrated on 17 July.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Odisha-celebrates-Rasagola-Dibasa-state-claims-evidence-of-origin/articleshow/53253203.cms|title=Odisha celebrates 'Rasagola Dibasa', state claims evidence of origin |work=The Times of India|access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref> | |||
== Rosogolla Utsob == | |||
It has been agreed upon to celebrate the Rasagola Dibasa every year on the tithi of Niladri Bije in the lunar calendar. In the year 2016, the Rasagola Dibasa has been celebrated on 17 July.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Odisha-celebrates-Rasagola-Dibasa-state-claims-evidence-of-origin/articleshow/53253203.cms|title=Odisha celebrates 'Rasagola Dibasa', state claims evidence of origin - Times of India|access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref> | |||
To pay tribute to the inventor of rosogolla, ‘]’, and to promote ] claim of authenticity over rosogolla, from 2017 the government of ] has decided to celebrate "Rosogolla Utsob" every year on 28 December.<ref>{{Cite news|title=All you need to know about the 'Rosogolla Festival' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/all-you-need-to-know-about-the-rosogolla-festival/articleshow/67284341.cms|access-date=24 August 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> And in the 2017 rosogolla festival, Bengali confectioners prepared the world's largest rasgulla, which weighed nine kilograms.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sengar|first=Resham|title=Now, West Bengal creates world's biggest 'Rasgulla' weighing 9 kg!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/now-west-bengal-creates-worlds-biggest-rasgulla-weighing-9-kg/as61818151.cms|access-date=24 August 2021|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Venkatesh|first=Shruti|date=24 November 2017|title=Sweet Treat: West Bengal Makes World's Biggest Rasgulla to Celebrate GI Tag for 'Banglar Rosogolla'|url=https://www.india.com/viral/west-bengal-makes-worlds-biggest-rasgulla-to-celebrate-gi-for-banglar-rosogolla-2670637/|access-date=24 August 2021|website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> To celebrate the 150th anniversary of rosogolla's invention, the government of West Bengal had also organised a three-day grand ‘Rosogolla festival’ from 28 December 2018 to 30 December 2018. | |||
== Preparation == | == Preparation == | ||
To prepare rasgulla, the cheese (chhena) mixture is formed into small balls. These balls are then simmered in a sugar syrup.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lois Sinaiko Webb |title=Multicultural Cookbook of Life-cycle Celebrations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdLuaG_3LowC&pg=PA309 |date=1 January 2000 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57356-290-4 |pages=309–}}</ref> It can also be prepared using a ]<ref>{{cite book |author=Tarla Dalal |title=Desserts Under Ten Minutes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BvBzBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT69 |date=17 November 2003 |publisher=Sanjay & Co |isbn=978-81-86469-84-2 |pages=69–}}</ref> or an ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Low Calorie Sweets |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfFwnkCqCigC&pg=PA42 |author=Tarla Dalal |year=2006 |publisher=Sanjay & Co |isbn=978-81-89491-34-5 |pages=42–}}</ref> While serving |
To prepare rasgulla, the cheese (chhena) mixture is formed into small balls. These balls are then simmered in a sugar syrup.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lois Sinaiko Webb |title=Multicultural Cookbook of Life-cycle Celebrations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdLuaG_3LowC&pg=PA309 |date=1 January 2000 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57356-290-4 |pages=309–}}</ref> It can also be prepared using a ]<ref>{{cite book |author=Tarla Dalal |title=Desserts Under Ten Minutes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BvBzBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT69 |date=17 November 2003 |publisher=Sanjay & Co |isbn=978-81-86469-84-2 |pages=69–}}</ref> or an ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Low Calorie Sweets |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfFwnkCqCigC&pg=PA42 |author=Tarla Dalal |year=2006 |publisher=Sanjay & Co |isbn=978-81-89491-34-5 |pages=42–}}</ref> While serving, a drop of rose water (only organic and edible type of rose water, not rose perfume or synthetic flavours) can be added. | ||
<gallery mode="packed"> | <gallery mode="packed"> | ||
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== Variations == | == Variations == | ||
The ''Pahal Rasagola'' from the Pahala area (located between the cities of ] and ]) is also popular in India.<ref>{{cite magazine | author = Rimli Sengupta | date = 9 January 2012 | title = Kling Canoes At Tamralipta | url = http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/kling-canoes-at-tamralipta/279393 | magazine = Outlook }}</ref> | |||
<gallery mode="packed"> | <gallery mode="packed"> | ||
File:Rasgulla - Kolkata 2011-08-02 4547.JPG|Rasgullas from Kolkata, India | File:Rasgulla - Kolkata 2011-08-02 4547.JPG|Rasgullas from Kolkata, India | ||
File:Red color rasagola from Pahala, Khurda district, Odisha, India.jpg| Reddish rasgullas from Pahala (located between the cities of ] and ]), Odisha<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Rimli Sengupta |date=9 January 2012 |title=Kling Canoes At Tamralipta |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/kling-canoes-at-tamralipta/279393 |magazine=Outlook |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918175716/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/kling-canoes-at-tamralipta/279393 |archive-date=18 September 2016 |access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> | |||
File:Red color rasagola from Pahala, Khurda district, Odisha, India.jpg| Reddish rasgullas from Pahala, Odisha | |||
File:Bikalkar rasagola.gif| ] Rasagola from Salepur, Cuttack, Odisha | File:Bikalkar rasagola.gif| ] Rasagola from Salepur, Cuttack, Odisha | ||
File:Rasagola Odia cuisine.jpg| Rasagola from Bhubaneswar, Odisha | File:Rasagola Odia cuisine.jpg| Rasagola from Bhubaneswar, Odisha | ||
File:The famous Indian syrupy dessert Rasgulla, from West Bengal.jpg|Sponge Rasgulla within a container | |||
File:Rajbhog - sweet.jpg|Rajbhog - variant of kesar rasgulla stuffed inside with dry fruits and khoa | |||
File:Bengali orange rasgulla.jpg| '' |
File:Bengali orange rasgulla.jpg| ''Kamalabhog'', an orange-flavoured Bengali rasgulla | ||
File:Baked Rasgulla.JPG|Baked rasgulla |
File:Baked Rasgulla.JPG|Baked rasgulla – a Bengali variation | ||
File:Ishwar Rasogola.JPG|Rasagola from Kalahandi,Odisha | File:Ishwar Rasogola.JPG|Rasagola from Kalahandi, Odisha | ||
File:চমচম.jpg|Rasgulla and |
File:চমচম.jpg|Rasgulla and ] | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
=== Derivatives and similar desserts === | === Derivatives and similar desserts === | ||
Along with ] and ], rasgulla is one of three traditional ] chhena desserts. Due to rasgulla becoming associated with ], the Odisha Milk Federation has tried to popularise chhena poda as the signature Odia dessert.<ref>{{cite news | author = Rajaram Satapathy | date = 15 August 2002 | title = Sweet wars: Chhenapoda Vs rasagolla | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sweet-wars-Chhenapoda-Vs-rasagolla/articleshow/19188687.cms | newspaper = The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | date = 11 April 2009 | title = Chew on This: Chenna poda | url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/04/11/stories/2009041153080500.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090416015241/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/04/11/stories/2009041153080500.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 16 April 2009 | work = ] | department = Metro Plus Kochi }}</ref> | |||
Along with ] and ], Rasgulla is one of three traditional ] chhena desserts. Due to rasgulla becoming associated with the Bengali cuisine, the Odisha Milk Federation has tried to popularize chhena poda as the signature Odia dessert.<ref>{{cite news | author = Rajaram Satapathy | date = 15 August 2002 | title = Sweet wars: Chhenapoda Vs rasagolla | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sweet-wars-Chhenapoda-Vs-rasagolla/articleshow/19188687.cms | newspaper = The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | date = 11 April 2009 | title = Chew on This: Chenna poda | url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/04/11/stories/2009041153080500.htm | department = Metro Plus Kochi | work = The Hindu }}</ref> | |||
== Nutrition == | == Nutrition == | ||
Typically, a 100-gram serving of rasgulla contains 186 calories, out of which about 153 calories |
Typically, a 100-gram serving of rasgulla contains 186 calories, out of which about 153 calories come from carbohydrates. It also contains about 1.85 grams of fat and 4 grams of protein.<ref name = "nutrit">. Livestrong.Com. Retrieved on 6 December 2012.</ref> | ||
== Geographical |
== Geographical indication (GI) tag == | ||
In 2015, West Bengal applied for a ] (GI) status for "Banglar Rasogolla" (Bengali Rasgulla). The Government clarified that there was no conflict with Odisha, and its application was only for a specific variant which was different in "both in colour, texture, taste, juice content and method of manufacturing" from the variant produced in Odisha. And the same goes for the Odisha Rasgulla, which can be claimed as a variant of the Bengali Rasagulla.<ref name="NDTV_claim_2016">{{cite news |title=Our Claim Only On A Variety Of Rasogolla, No Dispute With Odisha: West Bengal |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/our-claim-only-on-a-variety-of-rasogolla-no-dispute-with-odisha-bengal-1436883 |access-date=24 August 2016 |agency=] |publisher=] |date=27 July 2016 }}</ref> On 14 November 2017, the ] granted West Bengal the GI status for Banglar Rasogolla.<ref name="NIE_2017">{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/nov/14/sweet-war-this-gi-tag-is-for-banglar-rosogolla-it-is-not-about-the-origin-1700787.html |title=Sweet War: This GI tag is for Banglar Rosogolla, it is not about the origin |date=14 November 2017 |newspaper=The New Indian Express }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GirPublic/ViewApplicationDetails.aspx?AppNo=533&index=0&pIndex=0&status=1|title=Intellectual Property India|website=ipindiaservices.gov.in|language=en|access-date=15 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/533/533%20-%20Certificate%20of%20Registration%20-%2014-11-2017.pdf|title=Certificate of Registration of Geographical Indication under section 16 (1)-or of authorised user under section 17(3)(e)|date=14 November 2017|website=Intellectual Property India|access-date=15 November 2017}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
In 2015, West Bengal applied for a ] (GI) status for "Banglar Rasogolla" (Bengali Rasgulla). The Government clarified that there was no conflict with Odisha, and its application was only for a specific variant which was different in "both in colour, texture, taste, juice content and method of manufacturing" from the variant produced in Odisha.<ref name="NDTV_claim_2016"/> On 14 November 2017, the ] granted West Bengal the GI status for Banglar Rasogolla.<ref name="NIE_2017">{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/nov/14/sweet-war-this-gi-tag-is-for-banglar-rosogolla-it-is-not-about-the-origin-1700787.html |title=Sweet War: This GI tag is for Banglar Rosogolla, it is not about the origin |date=14 November 2017 |newspaper=The New Indian Express }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GirPublic/ViewApplicationDetails.aspx?AppNo=533&index=0&pIndex=0&status=1|title=Intellectual Property India|website=ipindiaservices.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2017-11-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/533/533%20-%20Certificate%20of%20Registration%20-%2014-11-2017.pdf|title=Certificate of Registration of Geographical Indication under section 16 (1)-or of authotised user under section 17(3)(e)|date=2017-11-14|website=Intellectual Property India|access-date=2017-11-15}}</ref> | |||
The GI Registrar office at ] later specifically clarified that West Bengal was given GI status only for the Bengali version of Rasgulla ("Banglar Rasogolla"), not for the sweet's origin. The office also stated that Odisha had not by then applied for any GI tag, but it could also get Odisha Rasgulla's GI tag by presenting the necessary evidence.<ref name="NIE_2017" /> |
The GI Registrar office at ] later specifically clarified that West Bengal was given GI status only for the Bengali version of Rasgulla ("Banglar Rasogolla"), not for the sweet's origin. The office also stated that Odisha had not by then applied for any GI tag, but it could also get Odisha Rasgulla's GI tag by presenting the necessary evidence.<ref name="NIE_2017" /> | ||
In 2018 Odisha |
In 2018 Odisha applied for GI status in Chennai GI Registry.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/odisha-rasagola-receives-gi-tag-two-years-after-west-bengal/story/368775.html|title=Odisha Rasagola receives geographical indication tag; here's what it means|magazine=Business Today|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> On 29 July 2019, the GI Registry of India granted Odisha the GI status for "Odisha Rasagola", which is the Odia version of Rasgulla.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
{{cookbook|Rasgulla}} | |||
{{Commons category|Rasgulla}} | |||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
== Notes == | |||
{{Notelist}} | |||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{ |
{{Reflist}} | ||
{{India topics}} | |||
{{Culture of West Bengal}} | |||
{{Cuisine of India}} | |||
{{Indian Dishes}} | {{Indian Dishes}} | ||
{{West Bengal}} | |||
{{Culture of West Bengal}} | |||
{{Bengali cuisine}} | |||
{{Cheese dishes}} | {{Cheese dishes}} | ||
{{Geographical indications in West Bengal}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 21:35, 21 December 2024
Syrupy dessert popular in South Asia "Rosogolla" redirects here. For the 2018 film, see Rosogolla (film).
Pahala rasagolas from Odisha (left) and Bengali rasagollas from West Bengal (right) | |
Alternative names | Rasagola, rosgola, roshogolla, rossogolla, rasbhari or rasbari (Nepali) |
---|---|
Type | Soft sweet soaked in syrup |
Course | Dessert |
Place of origin | India |
Region or state | Odisha, West Bengal |
Associated cuisine | India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal |
Serving temperature | Hot, cold, or room temperature |
Main ingredients | Chhena, sugar |
Variations | Bengali rosogolla, Odia rasagola |
Similar dishes | Ras malai, khiramohana, Khondoler misti |
Rasgulla (literally "syrup filled ball") is a syrupy dessert popular in the eastern part of South Asia. It is made from ball-shaped dumplings of chhena dough, cooked in light sugar syrup. This is done until the syrup permeates the dumplings.
While it is near-universally agreed upon that the dessert originated in the eastern Indian subcontinent, the exact locus of origin is disputed between locations such as West Bengal, and Odisha, where it is offered at the Puri Jagannath Temple.
In 2017, when West Bengal got its rosogolla's geographical indication (GI) status, the Registry Office of India clarified that West Bengal was given GI status for Banglar rosogolla and Odisha can claim it too if they cite the place of origin of their variant along with colour, texture, taste, juice content and method of manufacturing. In 2019, the government of Odisha was granted the GI status for "Odisha rasagola" (Odia rasagola).
Names
The dessert is pronounced [rɔʃoɡolːa] in Bengali, and pronounced [ɾɔsɔɡola] in Odia and pronounced [rɐsɐɡoːlɐkɐm] in Sanskrit. Rasgulla is derived from the words ras ("juice") and gulla ("ball"). Other names for the dish include rasagulla, rossogolla, roshogolla, rasagola, rasagolla, and rasbhari or rasbari (Nepali).
History
Claims of Puri temple tradition of Odisha (15th century)
According to historians of Odisha, the rasgulla originated in Puri, as khira mohana, which later evolved into the Pahala rasgulla. It has been traditionally offered as bhog to goddess Lakshmi at Jagannath Temple, Puri. According to the local legend, Lakshmi gets upset because her husband Lord Jagannath goes on a 9-day sojourn (the ratha yatra) without her consent. So, she locks Jai Vijay Dwar, one of the temple gates and prevents his convoy from re-entering the Garbhagṛha (sanctum sanctorum) of the temple. To appease her, Jagannath offers her rasgullas. This ritual, known as Bachanika, is part of the "Niladri Bije" (or "Arrival of the God") observance, which marks the return of the deities to the temple after the Ratha Yatra.
The Jagannath Temple scholars such as Laxmidhar Pujapanda and researchers like Jagabandhu Padhi state that the tradition has existed since the 12th century, when the present-day temple structure was first built. Pujapanda states that the Niladri Bije tradition is mentioned in Niladri Mahodaya, which is dated to the 18th century by Sarat Chandra Mahapatra. According to Mahapatra, several temple scriptures, which are over 300 years old, provide the evidence of rasgulla offering ritual in Puri.
According to folklore, Pahala (a village on the outskirts of Odisha's capital Bhubaneswar) had a large number of cows. The village would produce excess milk, and the villagers would throw it away when it became spoilt. When a priest from the Jagannath Temple saw this, he taught them the art of curdling, including the recipe for rasagulla. Pahala thus went on to become the biggest market for chhena-based sweets in the area.
According to Asit Mohanty, an Odia research scholar on Jagannath cult and traditions, the sweet is mentioned as "Rasagola" in the 15th-century text Jagamohana Ramayana of Balaram Das.
The text mentions rasagola along with other sweets found in Odisha. There is also mention of many other cheese sweets like chhenapuri, chhenaladu and rasabali. Another ancient text Premapanchamruta of Bhupati also mentions cheese (chhena). It is being argued that cheese making process was well known before coming of Portuguese in Odisha.
According to the Bengali culinary historian Pritha Sen, in the mid-18th century, many Odia cooks were employed in Bengali homes who arguably have introduced Rasgulla along with many other Odia dishes, but there is no substantial claim to prove that. According to another theory, it is possible that the Bengali visitors to Puri might have carried the recipe for rasgulla back to Bengal in the nineteenth century. But no substantial claim regarding that was ever found by any historian or anyone else.
This claim is contested by Bengali historians. According to food historians K. T. Achaya and Chitra Banerji, there are no references to cheese (including chhena) in India before the 17th century. The milk-based sweets were mainly made up of khoa, before the Portuguese influence led to the introduction of cheese-based sweets. Therefore, the possibility of a cheese-based dish being offered at Jagannath Temple in the 12th century is highly unlikely. According to Nobin Chandra Das' descendant Animikh Roy and historian Haripada Bhowmik, rasgulla is not even mentioned as one of the chhappan bhog ("56 offerings") in the early records of the Temple; the name of the sweet was coined in Bengal. They also state that it would have been a blasphemy to offer something made from spoiled milk (chhena) to a deity. However, Michael Krondl argues that Hindu dietary rules vary from region to region, and it is possible that this restriction did not exist in present-day Odisha. But at the same time, he could not give any substantial information to uphold the claim that he was forwarding.
Claims of invention in Bengal region (19th century)
Claims of invention in West Bengal
According to sweetmeat researcher Haripada Bhowmick, dela rasagulla was popular in Nabadwip and Phulia of Nadia. Sri Chaitanya loved this type of rasagulla a lot and the art of its making was spread to other regions during the Bhakti movement. The spongy, white rôśôgolla is believed to have been introduced in present-day West Bengal in 1868 by a Kolkata-based confectioner named Nobin Chandra Das. Das started making rôśôgolla by processing the mixture of chhena and semolina in boiling sugar syrup in contrast to the mixture sans semolina in the original rôśôgolla in his sweet shop located at Sutanuti (present-day Bagbazar).
Yet another theory is that rôśôgolla was first prepared by someone else in Bengal, and Das only popularised it. In Banglar Khabar (1987), food historian Pranab Ray states that a man named Braja Moira had introduced rôśôgolla in his shop near Calcutta High Court in 1866, two years before Das started selling the dish. In1906, Panchana Bandopadhyay wrote that rôśôgolla was invented in the 19th century by Haradhan Moira, a Phulia-based sweetmaker who worked for the Pal Chowdhurys of Ranaghat. According to Mistikatha, a newspaper published by West Bengal Sweetmeat Traders Association, many other people prepared similar sweets under different names such as gopalgolla (prepared by Gopal Moira of Burdwan district), jatingolla, bhabanigolla and rasugolla. Food historian Michael Krondl states that irrespective of its origin, the rôśôgolla likely predates Nobin Chandra Das. A sales brochure of the company run by Das' descendants also hints at this: "it is hard to tell whether or not cruder versions of similar sweets existed anywhere at that time. Even if they did, they did not match the quality of Nobin Chandra, and having failed to excite the Bengali palate, they slipped into oblivion."
Bhagwandas Bagla, a Marwari businessman and a customer of Nobin Chandra Das, popularised the Bengali rôśôgolla beyond the shop's locality by ordering huge amounts.
Modern popularity
In 1930, the introduction of vacuum packing by Nobin Chandra's son Krishna Chandra Das led to the availability of canned Rasgullas, which made the dessert popular outside Kolkata, and subsequently, outside India. Krishna Chandra's son Sarada Charan Das established the K.C. Das Pvt Ltd company in 1946. Sarada Charan's younger, estranged son Debendra Nath established K.C. Das Grandsons in 1956.
Today, canned rasgullas are available throughout India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, as well as in South Asian grocery stores outside the Indian subcontinent. In Nepal, Rasgulla became popular under the name Rasbari.
The Indian space agency, ISRO, is developing dehydrated rasgullas and other dishes for Indian astronauts in its planned crewed missions.
In 2015, the Odisha government initiated a move to get Geographical indication (GI) status for the rasagulla made in Pahala. On 30 July, the people of Odisha celebrated "Rasagola Dibasa" ("Rasgulla Day") to reaffirm Odisha as the place of the dish's origin. In August, West Bengal decided to legally contest Odisha's move to obtain GI Status. In 2015 The Odisha state government constituted three committees to claim over the rasgulla. The committees submitted their interim report to the government. Noted journalist and food researcher Bhakta Tripathy and a member of the committee had submitted dossier containing historical evidence of rasgulla origin in Odisha. The Science and Technology department of the West Bengal government also started the process to get its own GI status for the dessert.
Rasagola Dibasa
On 30 July 2015, on the day of "Niladri Bije", a social media campaign was started by using the hashtag #RasagolaDibasa and it later became a mainstream celebration as the first day to celebrate Rasgulla's origin to be Odisha. Odia newspaper Sambad and FM radio Radio Choklate in collaboration with the confectioners of Pahala celebrated a rasgulla exhibition-cum-awareness event in Bhubaneswar. Sand artist Sudarshan Patnaik made a sand sculpture in Puri Beach depicting "Niladri Bije" and Jagannath offering rasgulla to Lakshmi.
It has been agreed upon to celebrate the Rasagola Dibasa every year on the tithi of Niladri Bije in the lunar calendar. In the year 2016, the Rasagola Dibasa has been celebrated on 17 July.
Rosogolla Utsob
To pay tribute to the inventor of rosogolla, ‘Nobin Chandra Das’, and to promote Bengali claim of authenticity over rosogolla, from 2017 the government of West Bengal has decided to celebrate "Rosogolla Utsob" every year on 28 December. And in the 2017 rosogolla festival, Bengali confectioners prepared the world's largest rasgulla, which weighed nine kilograms. To celebrate the 150th anniversary of rosogolla's invention, the government of West Bengal had also organised a three-day grand ‘Rosogolla festival’ from 28 December 2018 to 30 December 2018.
Preparation
To prepare rasgulla, the cheese (chhena) mixture is formed into small balls. These balls are then simmered in a sugar syrup. It can also be prepared using a pressure cooker or an oven. While serving, a drop of rose water (only organic and edible type of rose water, not rose perfume or synthetic flavours) can be added.
Variations
- Rasgullas from Kolkata, India
- Reddish rasgullas from Pahala (located between the cities of Bhubaneswar and Cuttack), Odisha
- Bikali Kar Rasagola from Salepur, Cuttack, Odisha
- Rasagola from Bhubaneswar, Odisha
- Sponge Rasgulla within a container
- Kamalabhog, an orange-flavoured Bengali rasgulla
- Baked rasgulla – a Bengali variation
- Rasagola from Kalahandi, Odisha
- Rasgulla and gulab jamun
Derivatives and similar desserts
Along with chhena gaja and chhena poda, rasgulla is one of three traditional Odia chhena desserts. Due to rasgulla becoming associated with Bengali cuisine, the Odisha Milk Federation has tried to popularise chhena poda as the signature Odia dessert.
Nutrition
Typically, a 100-gram serving of rasgulla contains 186 calories, out of which about 153 calories come from carbohydrates. It also contains about 1.85 grams of fat and 4 grams of protein.
Geographical indication (GI) tag
In 2015, West Bengal applied for a Geographical Indication (GI) status for "Banglar Rasogolla" (Bengali Rasgulla). The Government clarified that there was no conflict with Odisha, and its application was only for a specific variant which was different in "both in colour, texture, taste, juice content and method of manufacturing" from the variant produced in Odisha. And the same goes for the Odisha Rasgulla, which can be claimed as a variant of the Bengali Rasagulla. On 14 November 2017, the GI Registry of India granted West Bengal the GI status for Banglar Rasogolla.
The GI Registrar office at Chennai later specifically clarified that West Bengal was given GI status only for the Bengali version of Rasgulla ("Banglar Rasogolla"), not for the sweet's origin. The office also stated that Odisha had not by then applied for any GI tag, but it could also get Odisha Rasgulla's GI tag by presenting the necessary evidence.
In 2018 Odisha applied for GI status in Chennai GI Registry. On 29 July 2019, the GI Registry of India granted Odisha the GI status for "Odisha Rasagola", which is the Odia version of Rasgulla.
See also
- Bangladeshi cuisine
- Bengali cuisine
- Dharwad pedha
- List of Indian sweets and desserts
- Mysore pak
- Odia cuisine
Notes
- Also known as rasagola, rosogola, or rosogolla.
References
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- ^ "Sweet War: This GI tag is for Banglar Rosogolla, it is not about the origin". The New Indian Express. 14 November 2017.
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- ^ Ishita Dey (2015). Michael Krondl; et al. (eds.). The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets. Oxford University Press. pp. 580–581. ISBN 978-0-19-931361-7.
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{{cite news}}
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