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			{{Short description|none}}
	{{History of war}}
			{{about|territorial occupations|military ranks|List of comparative military ranks}}
			{{War}}
			This article presents a list of ]s, both historic and contemporary, but only those that have taken place since the customary laws of belligerent military occupation were first clarified and supplemented by the ].<ref name="Hague IV">{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/lawofwar/hague04.htm |title=Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV); October 18, 1907 |via=The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School|access-date=June 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990225111007/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/lawofwar/hague04.htm |archive-date=1999-02-25}}</ref>
			As currently understood in ], "military occupation" is the effective military control by a power of a territory outside of said power's recognized sovereign territory.<ref>{{cite book | last=Bracka | first=J. | title=Transitional Justice for Palestine: Truth-Telling and Empathy in Ongoing Conflict | publisher=Springer International Publishing AG | series=Springer series in transitional justice | year=2021 | isbn=978-3-030-89435-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWVXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51|quote=Today, the widely accepted definition of occupation is 'the effective control of a power (be it one or more states or an international organization, such as the United Nations) over a territory to which that power has no sovereign title, without the volition of the sovereign of that territory'}}</ref> The occupying power in question may be an individual state or a supranational organization, such as the ].
	This article presents a '''list of ]s'''. Only military occupations since the customary laws of belligerent military occupation were first clarified and supplemented by the ] are included in this article.
			== Ongoing occupations ==
	] is effective provisional control of a certain power over a territory which is not under the formal sovereignty of that entity, without the volition of the actual sovereign.<ref>A Roberts. Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967 - ''Am. J. Int'l L.'', 1990, p. 47.</ref><ref name="Benv">Eyāl Benveniśtî. The international law of occupation. Princeton University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-691-12130-3, ISBN 978-0-691-12130-7, p. xvi</ref><ref>Eran Halperin, Daniel Bar-Tal, Keren Sharvit, Nimrod Rosler and Amiram Raviv. Socio-psychological implications for an occupying society: The case of Israel. Journal of Peace Research 2010; 47; 59</ref><ref>During civil wars, the districts occupied by rebels are considered to be foreign.Military Government and Martial Law LLMC, p. 21. </ref> Military occupation is distinguished from ] by its intended temporary nature (i.e. no claim for permanent sovereignty), by its military nature, and by citizenship rights of the controlling power not being conferred upon the subjugated population.<ref name="Benv"/><ref>David M. Edelstein. Occupational Hazards: Why Military Occupations Succeed or Fail. ''Journal of Peace Research'' 2010; 47; 59</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Termination of War and Treaties of Peace|first=Coleman|last=Phillipson|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-z5HRoVEt90C&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false|quote=The difference between effective military occupation (or conquest) and annexation involves a profound difference in the rights conferred by each|date=1916|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange|isbn=9781584778608|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Politics of Military Occupation|first=Peter|last=Stirk|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4951aoUL5nEC&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false|quote=The significance of the temporary nature of military occupation is that it brings about no change of allegiance. Military government remains an alien government whether of short or long duration, though prolonged occupation may encourage the occupying power to change military occupation into something else, namely annexation|page=44|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year= 2009|isbn=9780748636716}}</ref>
			]
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
	== Past military occupations ==
	<!--before 1907 is out of the scope of this list-->
	{|class="wikitable sortable"
	|-		|-
			! style="width:1%;" class=unsortable |
	! Territory occupied
			! Territory
	! From
	! To		! Since
			! Occupied state/territory
			! Occupying state
			! Occupier's declared state/territory
			! style="width:30%;" | Status
			|-
			| rowspan="5" style="background-color:#00aa00;" data-sort-value="Russia" |
			| ]
			| 1992
			| {{Flag|Moldova}}
			| rowspan=5 | {{Country|Russia}}
			| {{flag|Transnistria|state}}
			| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power{{efn|Seized during the ]; administered as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, a state with ].}}
			|-
			| ]
			| rowspan=2 | 2008
			| rowspan=2 | {{Flag|Georgia}}
			| {{Flag|Abkhazia}}
			| rowspan=2 | Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power<ref name=DuvalKassoti/>{{efn|Seized during the ]; administered as states with ].}}
			|-
			| data-sort-value="Ossetia" | ]
			| {{Flag|South Ossetia}}
			|-
			| data-sort-value="Crimea" | ]<ref name ="Bursens">{{cite book |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ejglDwAAQBAJ&q=occup++crimea&pg=PA170 | title = Complex Political Decision-Making: Leadership, Legitimacy and Communication |editor=Peter Bursens |editor2=Christ'l De Landtsheer |editor3=Luc Braeckmans |editor4=Barbara Segaert | publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 2016 | page = 170| isbn = 9781315453521 }}</ref><ref name ="Geiß">{{cite journal | url =https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1377&context=ils | title = Russia's Annexation of Crimea: The Mills of International Law Grind Slowly but They Do Grind | last=Geiß |first=Robin | journal = International Law Studies | volume = 91 | publisher = the Stockton Center for the Study of International Law | year = 2015|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
			| 2014
			| rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Ukraine}}{{efn|name=Russo-Ukrainian War|See ], ] and ].}}
			| nowrap | {{Flagicon|Russia}} ]
			* {{Flag|Republic of Crimea}}
			* {{Flag|Sevastopol}}
			| ] and ] by a foreign power<ref name=DuvalKassoti/>
			|-
			| data-sort-value="Luhansk and Donetsk" | Significant parts of ], ], ], and ] Oblasts{{pb}}Negligible parts of ] and ] Oblasts
			|2014{{efn|The occupation of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts occurred in two stages. The south of Luhansk Oblast and the southeast of Donetsk Oblast were occupied by ] from 2014 to 2022. Later, in 2022, the north of Luhansk Oblast (i.e. almost the entire oblast) and the southwest of Donetsk Oblast (e.g. ]) came under Russian occupation. Parts of the northeast of Donetsk Oblast were also occupied, but areas such as ] have been retaken by Ukraine as of October 2022.}}<br/>2022{{efn|Russia's occupation of Kherson Oblast (nearly the entire oblast) and Zaporizhzhia Oblast (only the southern portion) began in 2022. On the other hand, Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts were initially partially occupied by ] back in 2014. In 2022, larger areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts came under Russian occupation, and the Russian-backed separatists handed over absolute control to Russia, effectively designating the entire area as Russian-occupied (as opposed to separatists-occupied). In Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russia lacks control of the capital city, ], but controls the second-biggest city, ], which is acting as the ''de facto'' capital. Parts of the northwest of Kherson Oblast have been retaken by Ukraine as of October 2022.}}
			|{{Flagicon|Russia}} ]{{efn|See ] and ].}}
			* {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}}{{efn|See ].}}
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Kherson Oblast (Russia).svg}} ]
			** Outer ] (])
			* {{flag|Luhansk People's Republic}}{{efn|See ].}}
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian administered Zaporizhzhia Oblast.svg}} ]
			----
			* ]'s environs, area north of ] (])
			| Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia Oblasts:
			* <u>DPR & LPR</u>: Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power (2014–2022)<ref name="DuvalKassoti" /><ref name="EPDGarmed" />
			* <u>Four oblasts</u>: Occupied and annexed by a foreign power (2022){{Efn|As of November 2022, Russia does not control significant portions of ], ], and ]. In particular, Russia does not control the capital cities of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts, namely ] and ], respectively. Russia formerly controlled Kherson for over eight months throughout 2022 after capturing it in the ], although the city was eventually liberated by Ukraine following the successful ] on 10–11 November 2022. Russia never managed to occupy the city of Zaporizhzhia at any point. Meanwhile, Russia has never managed to occupy a significant portion of Donetsk Oblast in the northwest, although Russia does control the capital city, ]. As for ], Russia controls nearly the entire oblast as of November 2022.}}
			----
			Mykolaiv Oblast:
			* Occupied and partially annexed by a foreign power; territory mostly recaptured by Ukraine{{Efn|Russia ] territory in the southeast of ] during the 2022 invasion. After failing to occupy the capital city, ], Russian forces withdrew to the extreme southeast, near the border with ]. On 30 September 2022, when Russia ] Kherson Oblast, Russia also streamlined two small parts of Mykolaiv Oblast into Kherson Oblast, namely the city of ] and its surroundings,<ref name="SnihurivkaJoinsKhersonOblast">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=21 September 2022 |title=Russian-held parts of Ukraine's Mykolaiv region to be incorporated in Russian-held Kherson |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-held-parts-ukraines-mykolaiv-region-be-incorporated-russian-held-kherson-2022-09-21/ |accessdate=21 September 2022}}</ref> as well as the outer portion of the ]. As of 10 November 2022, the city of Snihurivka<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Special Kherson Cat 🐈🇺🇦 |user=bayraktar_1love |number=1590632374152597504 |date=10 November 2022 |title=Snihurivka, Mykolaiv oblast - liberated 10/11/2022 https://t.co/eZSRD5c3uV |language=en |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115223247/https://twitter.com/bayraktar_1love/status/1590632374152597504 |archive-date=15 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title=Russia-Ukraine war live: Kyiv sceptical of Moscow's retreat from Kherson; US general estimates 100,000 Russian military casualties |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/nov/10/russia-ukraine-war-live-news-kyiv-wary-of-moscows-retreat-from-kherson-us-general-estimates-100000-russian-military-casualties |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> and its surroundings<ref name="auto3">{{cite web | url=https://news.yahoo.com/ukraine-liberates-mykolaiv-oblast-zelenskyy-132100696.html | title=Ukraine liberates all of Mykolaiv Oblast, Zelenskyy admin considers slashing ministries | date=11 November 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author=ТРУХА⚡️English |user=TpyxaNews |number=1591034997183746049 |date=11 November 2022 |title=The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has published a map where the entire Western bank of the Kherson region is no longer occupied by Russians https://t.co/K6CM40k9Tx |language=en |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111230927/https://twitter.com/TpyxaNews/status/1591034997183746049 |archive-date=11 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> have been completely liberated following the successful ], although the outer Kinburn Peninsula is still under Russian occupation.<ref>{{cite tweet |author=ТРУХА⚡️English |user=TpyxaNews |number=1591418001915785216 |date=12 November 2022 |title=The Kinburn peninsula, or as it is also called, the Kinburn Spit, remains the only not yet liberated territory in the Mykolaiv region, is the goal of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, "combat work is underway" on this occasion, - Natalia Humeniuk In addition, she promised good news🤞 https://t.co/6MhK3yHLO8 |language=en |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114120711/https://twitter.com/tpyxanews/status/1591418001915785216 |archive-date=14 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>|name=MykolaivFreedom}}
			----
			Kharkiv Oblast:
			* Occupied by a foreign power{{Efn|As of August 2024, a small incursion on the northern border of ] and a tiny sliver of territory in the far northeast are occupied by Russian forces.}}
			|-
			| rowspan="1" style="background-color:#ffef00;" data-sort-value="Ukraine" |
			| Parts of ]
			| ]
			| {{Flag|Russia}}{{efn|name=Russo-Ukrainian War}}
			| rowspan=1 | {{Country|Ukraine}}
			| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Ukraine.svg}} ]
			| Occupied by a foreign power<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-opens-military-office-occupied-kursk-region-says-it-is-still-advancing-2024-08-15/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>{{efn|Seized in the ]; as of August 2024 Ukraine claims occupation encompasses 82 settlements near Russian-Ukrainian border, the largest being ].}}
			|-
			| rowspan=6 style="background-color:#0066ff;" data-sort-value="Israel" |
			| Parts of ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hezbollah-lebanon-iran-ceasefire-beirut-41d19e05cebf73a66dc320ccad047d4d|title=Israeli troops reach deepest point in Lebanon since Oct. 1 invasion, Lebanese media say|date=16 November 2024|publisher=AP}}</ref>
			| ]
			| {{country|Lebanon}}
			| rowspan=6 | {{Flag|Israel}}
			| {{n/a}}
			| Occupied by a foreign power
			|-
			| data-sort-value="Jerusalem" | ]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11709617 |title=Israel plans 1,300 East Jerusalem Jewish settler homes |work=BBC News|date=9 November 2010|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch12.pdf|title=Chapter 12: The status of Jerusalem |work=The Question of Palestine & the United Nations|publisher=United Nations Department of Public Information|type=Brochure |date=March 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030902113931/https://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch12.pdf |archive-date=2003-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8538791.stm |title= Israeli authorities back 600 new East Jerusalem homes |work=BBC News|date=26 February 2010|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/441329a958089eaa852560c4004ee74d?OpenDocument|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819003928/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/441329a958089eaa852560c4004ee74d?OpenDocument |archive-date=2013-08-19|title=United Nations Security Council Resolution 298 (1971) of 25 September 1971}}</ref>
			| rowspan=4 | 1967
			| rowspan=3 | ];<br />{{Flag|Palestine}} {{small|(since ])}}{{efn|name=Palestine|The ] (including ]) was occupied by ]<ref>See also: ]</ref> and the ] was occupied by ]<ref>See also: ]</ref> from 1948 to 1967, and have been occupied by ] since 1967.<ref name="BBC 2015">{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29362505 | title=Palestinian territories - Timeline |work=BBC News | date=8 July 2015 | access-date=November 30, 2015}}</ref> The ], which claims these territories, was not founded until 1988 (see ]). The State of Palestine is, as of November 2015, recognised by 136 countries and is also a ].<ref name="UNNEWS2015">{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52631 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126233436/https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52631 | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 November 2015 | title=Amid violence, 'glaring lack of hope,' UN deputy chief urges action to break Israeli-Palestinian impasse | publisher=UN News | date=23 November 2015 | access-date=November 30, 2015}}</ref>}}
			| {{Flagicon|Israel}} Part of the ] {{small|(])}}
			| ]<ref name=DuvalKassoti>{{cite book | last1=Duval | first1=A. | last2=Kassoti | first2=E. | title=The Legality of Economic Activities in Occupied Territories: International, EU Law and Business and Human Rights Perspectives | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge Research in International Economic Law | year=2020 | isbn=978-1-000-08873-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z57qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT10 | quote=In the West Bank, Israel pays lip service to the notion of a temporary occupation that is to be brought to an end by negotiation but in practice it has de facto annexed large portions of the territory under the pretext of security – as evidenced by the Wall in Palestinian territory – or by the settling of some 400,000 of its own citizens in the territory. In most cases today, however, the occupying power has formally annexed the territory in question. This is illustrated by the cases of Israel's annexations of East Jerusalem and the Golan, Morocco's annexation of Western Sahara and Russia's annexation of the Crimea. Alternatively, the occupying power has established a puppet regime that claims to be the TRNC, Abkhazia and South Ossetia.}}</ref><ref name=EPDGannex>{{harvnb|Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO|2015|p=14}}: "An occupied territory may also be illegally annexed Annexation means that the territory is incorporated into another state and is being regarded by that state as a part of its territory. Among contemporary examples, one finds the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem, Western Sahara and Crimea. Under current international law, annexation can only be carried out after a peace treaty, and preferably after a referendum. Annexations which do not correspond to this requirement – like those just mentioned – are illegal."</ref>{{efn|Seized during the ] from ]; effectively annexed in 1980 via the ].}}
			|-
			| ]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf|title=Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory|type=Advisory opinion |series=Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders |publisher=International Court of Justice|date=2004|isbn=92-1-070993-4 |access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
			| {{Flagicon|Israel}} ]
			| rowspan="2" | Occupied by a foreign power,<ref name="EPDGocc">{{harvnb|Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO|2015|p=14}}: "Territory over which a foreign power has taken control is occupied. An occupation is supposed to be a temporary status, but current reality shows that territory may be occupied for decades; the West Bank and Gaza have been occupied for 48 years."</ref>{{efn|The West Bank was seized during the ] from ], and is administered by the ]. The ], officially signed on 28 September 1995, divided the West Bank into the ] administered by Israel and the ] administered by the ].<br /><br />The Gaza Strip was seized during the ] from ]. In 2005, Israel ] and no longer considers itself to be occupying the territory. Gaza's border crossings with Israel and maritime and air space are controlled by Israel. As of 2012, the United Nations "continue to refer to the Gaza Strip as part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory until such time as either the General Assembly or the Security Council take a different view."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2012/db120119.doc.htm|title=Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General|publisher=United Nations|date=19 January 2012|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>}} with ''de facto'' partial annexation in the West Bank<ref name=DuvalKassoti/>
			|-
			| ]{{efn|Still considered occupied despite the 2005 ].<ref name=occ>
			* {{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429 |page=429 |first=Andrew |last=Sanger |chapter=The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla |title=Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010 |volume=13 |editor=M.N. Schmitt |editor2=Louise Arimatsu |editor3=Tim McCormack |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |date=2011 |isbn=978-90-6704-811-8 |quote=Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it is neither a Stale nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel, but rather it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However the Plan also provided that Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian-Gaza border. and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will.<br />Israel continues to control six of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings. Troops from the Israeli Defence Force regularly enter pans of the territory and/or deploy missile attacks, drones and sonic bombs into Gaza. Israel has declared a no-go buffer zone that stretches deep into Gaza: if Gazans enter this zone they are shot on sight. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications and other utilities, currency, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000 aside from a limited number of exceptions Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry.<br />It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied. |doi=10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14}}
			* {{cite book |title=International Law and the Classification of Conflicts |editor=Elizabeth Wilmshurst |first=Iain |last=Scobbie |author-link=Iain Scobbie |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-965775-9 |page=295 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295 |quote=Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.}}
			* {{cite book |title=Prefiguring Peace: Israeli–Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships |first=Michelle |last= Gawerc |publisher=Lexington Books |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-7391-6610-9 |page=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44 |quote=While Israel withdrew from the immediate territory, Israel still controlled all access to and from Gaza through the border crossings, as well as through the coastline and the airspace. In addition, Gaza was dependent upon Israel for water, electricity, sewage, communication networks, and for its trade (Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). ln other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement, Palestinians—as well as many human right organizations and international bodies—argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.}}</ref> The system of control imposed by Israel has been described as an "indirect occupation".<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jerome|last=Slater|url=https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/IS3702_Slater.pdf|title=Just War Moral Philosophy and the 2008–09 Israeli Campaign in Gaza|journal=International Security|volume=37|number=2|pages=44–80|date=October 2012|doi=10.1162/ISEC_a_00098|s2cid=57565733|access-date=2019-10-11|archive-date=2019-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024142223/https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/IS3702_Slater.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some other legal scholars have disputed the idea that Israel still occupies Gaza.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Samson |first1=Elizabeth |date=2010 |title=Is Gaza Occupied?: Redefining the Status of Gaza Under International Law |url=https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r29313.pdf |journal=American University International Law Review |volume=25 |issue=915 |pages=915-967 |access-date=6 December 2024 |quote=Although the United Nations still maintains that Gaza is occupied, under both the literal and interpreted applications of the definition of occupation—characterized by what is termed “effective control”—Gaza is not occupied territory pursuant to the standards set forth in international law and doctrine.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=Abraham |last2=Kontorovich |first2=Eugene |date=8 March 2016 |title=Palestine, Uti Possidetis Juris and the Borders of Israel |url=https://arizonalawreview.org/pdf/58-3/58arizlrev633.pdf |journal=Arizona Law Review |volume=58 |pages=633-692 |access-date=6 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/186/186-20240719-adv-01-02-en.pdf |title=Dissenting opinion of Vice-President Sebutinde | last=Sebutinde |first=Julia |date=19 July 2024 |publisher=UN International Court of Justice |access-date=6 December 2024 | quote=The Court has misapplied the law of belligerent occupation and has adopted presumptions implicit in the question of the General Assembly without a prior critical analysis of relevant issues, including the application of the principle of ''uti possidetis juris'' to the territory of the former British Mandate, the question of Israel’s borders and its competing sovereignty claims, the nature of the Palestinian right of self-determination and its relationship to Israel’s own rights and security concerns.}}</ref>}}
			| {{n/a}}
			|-
			| ]<ref name=occupiedSyrian>
			* "The international community maintains that the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void and without international legal effect." {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqIv03qWPc0C&q=%22The+international+community+maintains+that+the+Israeli+decision+to+impose+its+laws%2C+jurisdiction+and+administration+in+the+occupied+Syrian+Golan+is+null+and+void+and+without+international+legal+effect.%22 |title=The Situation of Workers of the Occupied Arab Territories |author=International Labour Office|place=Geneva |publisher=International Labour Office |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-2-120630-9 |page=23}}
			* In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the "occupied Syrian Golan" that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. ({{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/ga10794.doc.htm |title=General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees |publisher=United Nations |date=5 December 2008}})
			* " the Golan Heights, a 450-square mile portion of southwestern Syria that Israel occupied during the 1967 Arab–Israeli war." Also, " the Syrian Golan Heights territory, which Israel has occupied since 1967". ({{cite web|last=Prados|first=Alfred B. |url=https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/62681.pdf |title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues|publisher=Congressional Research Service|pages=3, 4|date=19 January 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323113431/https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/62681.pdf|archive-date=2006-03-23}})</ref><ref name=InternationalCommunityOccupiedTerritory>Occupied territory:
			* " Israeli-occupied Golan Heights " ({{cite book|author=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://archive.org/details/ciaworldfactbook0000unit |quote=OCCUPIED GOLAN. |title=CIA World Factbook 2010 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc.|year=2009 |page= |isbn=978-1-60239-727-9}})
			* " the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal " ({{cite web|last=Mark|first=Clyde R. |url=https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/9570.pdf |title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations |publisher=Congressional Research Service |date=5 April 2002|page=8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030424042458/https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/9570.pdf|archive-date=2003-04-24|url-status=dead}})
			* " Occupied Golan Heights." ({{cite web|url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travelling-and-living-overseas/travel-advice-by-country/middle-east-north-africa/israel-occupied |title=Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories travel advice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811045929/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/middle-east-north-africa/israel-occupied |archive-date=11 August 2010 |url-status=dead|publisher=UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office|date=5 August 2010}})
			* "In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory " ({{cite web|url=http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/israel-golan-311207.htm|title=ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007|publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross|date=24 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113065232/http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/israel-golan-311207.htm|archive-date=2011-11-13|url-status=dead}})</ref><ref name=KORMAN>{{cite book| last=Korman|first=Sharon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueDO1dJyjrUC&q=The+right+of+conquest+golan+heights&pg=PA261 |title=The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996|page=265|isbn=0-19-828007-6|quote=The continued occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights is recognized by many states as valid and consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter, on a self-defence basis. Israel, on this view, would be entitled to exact as a condition of withdrawal from the territory the imposition of security measures of an indefinite character—such as perpetual demilitarization, or the emplacement of a United Nations force—which would ensure, or tend to ensure, that the territory would not be used against it for aggression on future occasions. But the notion that Israel is entitled to claim any status other than that of belligerent occupant in the territory which it occupies, or to act beyond the strict bounds laid down in the Fourth Geneva Convention, has been universally rejected by the international community—no less by the United States than by any other state.}}</ref>
			| rowspan="6" | {{Country|Syria}}
			| {{Flagicon|Israel}} Part of the ] {{small|(])}}
			| Occupied and annexed by a foreign power<ref name=DuvalKassoti/><ref name=EPDGannex/>{{efn|Seized during the ]; effectively annexed in 1981 via the ]. ] also claims the ] and sees the territory as being under Israeli occupation.}} Recognized by only the United States as part of Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFW1N1ZU01G |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325162706/https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFW1N1ZU01G |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 March 2019 |title=Trump signs decree recognizing Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights|work=Reuters|date=25 March 2019|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
			|-
			| Parts of ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/10/barrage-of-israeli-attacks-destroys-important-military-sites-in-syria|title=Israel says it will impose ‘sterile’ zone in southern Syria|date= 10 December 2024|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref>
			| ]
			| {{n/a}}
			| Occupied by a foreign power
			|-
			|style="background-color:#808000;" data-sort-value="United States" |
			| data-sort-value="Al-Tanf" | ]<ref name=eastsyr>{{cite news |title=Syria vows to fight against 'occupiers' US, Turkey, Israel |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200520-syria-vows-to-fight-against-occupiers-us-turkey-israel/ |access-date=28 May 2020 |publisher=Middle East Monitor |date=20 May 2020}}</ref>
			| 2015
			| {{Country|United States}}
			|{{n/a}}
			| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power<ref name=eastsyr/>{{efn|See ].}}
			|-
			| rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ff2a2a;" data-sort-value="Turkey" |
			| data-sort-value="Aleppo" | ], ] and ]s<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/skirmishes-mar-fight-against-islamic-state-in-northern-syia/3747121.html|title=Skirmishes Mar Fight Against IS in Northern Syria|publisher=]|last=Kajjo|first=Sirwan |date=2 March 2017|quote=Turkish occupation "is an existential threat to the Assad government's ability to reclaim the entirety of its territory, which is a key argument that regime loyalists make in their support of Bashar al-Assad's government," Heras said.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-aleppo-syria-defeated-fighters-leave-crucifixion-stands-scorched-earth-robert-fisk-a7656736.html|title=In northern Syria, defeated Isis fighters leave behind only scorched earth, trenches – and a crucifixion stand|work=]|last=Fisk|first=Robert |author-link=Robert Fisk|date=29 March 2017|quote=You can't mistake the front line between the Syrian army and Turkey's occupation force east of Aleppo.}}</ref>
			| ]
			| rowspan="4" | {{Country|Turkey}}
			| rowspan="3" nowrap="" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power{{efn|See ] and ].}}
			|-
			| ]
			| ]
			| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power<ref name="afrin">{{cite news |title=Afrin's Syrian Kurds Continue to Pay Price of Turkey's Occupation |url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/09/15/syrian-kurds-afrin/ |work=The Defense Post |date=15 September 2021}}</ref>{{efn|See ] and ].}}
			|-
			| ] and ]s
			| ]
			| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power{{efn|See ] and ].}}
			|-
			| data-sort-value="Cyprus" | ]<ref>UN Security Council resolutions 353, 357, 358, 359, 360, and 365.</ref>
			| 1974
			| {{Flag|Cyprus}}
			| nowrap | {{Flag|Northern Cyprus}}
			| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power<ref name=DuvalKassoti/><ref name=EPDGarmed>{{harvnb|Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO|2015|p=15}}: "Territory may further be controlled by an armed group. This could be a rebel group which wants to take over control of the government of the state in question or it could be a group that wants to secede from the state and form a new state or have the territory transferred to another state. There is no term in international law for such territory. In some cases, the armed group in power in such a territory may be under the control of or under the influence of a foreign power. As has been held by the European Court of Human Rights, Turkey is legally responsible for human rights violations committed in the non-recognised 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' (TRNC). It is possible that the situation is similar in the self-proclaimed peoples' republics in Donetsk and Lugansk."</ref>{{efn|Seized during the ]; administered as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a state with ]}}
			|-
			| style="background-color:#8d2aff;" data-sort-value="Armenia" |
			| ], ] and ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armenian.usc.edu/armenian-azerbaijani-disputes-beyond-karabakh/|title=Armenian-Azerbaijani Disputes Beyond Karabakh|date=August 9, 2017|publisher=]|access-date=October 28, 2020}}</ref>
			| rowspan="2" | 1992
			| {{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
			| {{Flag|Armenia}}
			| {{flagicon|Armenia}} Part of the ] and ] Provinces
			| rowspan="3" | Occupied by a foreign power
			|-
			| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#000000;" data-sort-value="Azerbaijan" |
			| ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4d5a1b06c.html|title=Cold Comfort for Displaced Armenian Villagers|author=]|website=]|date=February 12, 2011|access-date=October 28, 2020}}</ref>
			| rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Armenia}}
			| rowspan="2" | {{nowrap|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}}}
			| {{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} Part of the ]
			|-
			|Portions of ], ], and ] Provinces
			|2021{{efn|] and ] 2021}}<br/>2022{{efn|]}}
			|{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} ]
			|-
			| style="background-color:#ff8b00;" data-sort-value="Morocco" |
			| Majority of ]<ref name="RULAC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rulac.org/browse/conflicts/military-occupation-of-western-sahara-by-morocco |title=Military occupation of Western Sahara by Morocco|website=Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts|publisher=Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
			| 1975
			| {{Flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}} {{small|(declared in 1976)}}
			| {{Flag|Morocco}}
			| {{nowrap|{{Flagicon|Morocco}} ]}}<br />{{small|(])}}
			| Occupied and annexed by a foreign power<ref name=DuvalKassoti/><ref name=EPDGannex/>{{efn|Seized during the ]; ''de facto'' annexed; administered as the ]; claimed by the ], a state with ].}}
			|-
			|}
			== Historical occupations ==
			Events before the ] are out of scope.
			=== 1907–1919 (miscellaneous) ===
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
			! Occupied territory
			! Years
	! Occupied state		! Occupied state
	! Occupying state		! Occupying state
			! Event
	! Conflict
			! Part of war(s)
			! Subsequently annexed?
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| {{Sort|05|1905–1910}}
	| 1912
			| {{Country|Korean Empire|name=Korea}}
	| 1913
			| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
	| {{Flag|Albania|1914}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Serbia|name=Serbia}}
			| ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1906–1909
			| {{Country|Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|name=Cuba}}
			| {{Country|United States|1896}}
			| ]
			|]
			|No
			|-
			| ]
			| {{Sort|01|1911–1912}}
			| {{Country|Ottoman Empire}}
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
			|]
			|]
			|'''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| {{Sort|01|1912–1913}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1913_1.html|archive-date=2012-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504110038/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1913_1.html|title=1913 I Leo Freundlich: Albania's Golgotha: Indictment of the Exterminators of the Albanian People|translator-last=Elsie|translator-first=Robert |translator-link=Robert Elsie|website=Texts and Documents of Albanian History }}</ref>
			| {{Country|Albania|1914}}
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Serbia|name=Serbia}}
			|]
	| ]		| ]
			|No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| {{Sort|21|1912–1933}}
	| 1912
			| {{Country|Nicaragua|1908}}
	| 1933
	| {{Flag|Nicaragua}}		| {{Country|United States|1912}}
	| {{Flag|United States|1912}}		| ]
			|]
	| ]
			|No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
	| 1914		| {{Sort|0|1914}}
			| {{Country|Mexico|1893}}
	| 1918
	| {{Flag|Belgium}}		| {{Country|United States}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|German Empire}}
	| ]		|]
			|No
	|-		|-
			|}
	| ]
	| 1914
			=== World War I and immediate aftermath ===
	| 1918
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
	| {{Flag|Luxembourg}}
			! Occupied territory
	| {{Flag|German Empire}}
			! Years
	| World War I
			! Occupied state
			! Occupying state
			! Event
			! Part of war(s)
			! Subsequently annexed?
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1916–1918<ref name="militärverwaltung" />
	| 1914
			| {{Country|Principality of Albania|name=Albania}}
	| 1918
			| {{nobr|{{Country|Austria-Hungary}}}}
	| {{Flag|France}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|German Empire}}
	| World War I		|rowspan="14"|]
			|No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1914–1915
	| 1914
			| {{nobr|{{Country|Austria-Hungary}}}}
	| 1918
	| {{Flag|Russian Empire}}		| {{Country|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}
			|]
	| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
			|No
	| World War I
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1914–1918
	| 1914
			| {{Country|Belgium}}
	| 1918
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Serbia|name=Serbia}}		|rowspan="3"| {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
			|]
	| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
			|No
	| World War I
	|-		|-
			| Northeastern ]
	| ]
			| 1914–1918
	| 1914
			| {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
	| 1918<ref name="militärverwaltung">, Vol. 4</ref>
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Montenegro|name=Montenegro}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
	| World War I
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1914–1918
	| 1914
			| {{nobr|{{Country|Luxembourg}}}}
	| 1918<ref name="militärverwaltung"/>
			|]
	| {{Flag|Albania|1914}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
	| World War I
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1914–1918
	| 1917
			|rowspan="2"|{{Country|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}
	| 1918
			| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
	| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}		* {{Country|Austria-Hungary}}
			* {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
	| World War I
			}}
			|]
			|No
	|-		|-
			| Parts of the ] and ]
	| ]
			| 1914–1919
	| 1914
			| {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
	| 1918
			|]
	| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Russian Empire}}
	| World War I
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1914–1915
	| 1915
			| {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
	| 1917
			| {{Country|Union of South Africa|name=South Africa|1912}}
	| {{Flag|Albania|1914}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
			| '''Yes'''
	| World War I
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1915–1918
	| 1914
			|rowspan="4"|{{Country|Kingdom of Serbia|name=Serbia}}
	| 1919
			| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|Russian Empire}}
	| {{Flag|German Empire}}		* {{Country|Austria-Hungary}}
			}}
	| World War I
			|]
			|No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ] (])
			| 1915–1918
	| 1915
			| {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
	| 1994
			|]
	| {{Flag|German Empire}}
			|No
	| {{flagdeco|Union of South Africa|size=23px}} ]
	| World War I
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1915–1918
	| 1914
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
	| 1914
			|]
	| {{Flag|Mexico|1893}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|United States|1912}}
	| ]
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1915–1918
	| 1915
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
	| 1934
			|]
	| {{Flag|Haiti}}
			|'''Yes'''
	| {{Flag|United States|1912}}
			|-
	| ]
			| ]
			| 1915–1917<ref name="militärverwaltung">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLmiAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Milit%C3%A4rverwaltung+in+Albanien%22 | title=Die Militärverwaltung in den von den österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen besetzten Gebieten, Nide 4 |last1=Kerchnawe|first1=Hugo |last2=Mitzka|first2=Rudolf |last3=Sobotka|first3=Felix |last4=Leidl|first4=Hermann |last5=Krauss |first5=Alfred |year=1928 |publisher=Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky A.G.|language=de}}</ref>
			| {{Country|Principality of Albania|name=Albania}}
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
			| ]
			|No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1916–1918
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Montenegro|name=Montenegro}}
			| {{Country|Austria-Hungary}}
			| ]
			|No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1915–1934
			| {{Country|Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)|name=Haiti}}
			|rowspan="3"| {{Country|United States}}
			| ]
			|rowspan=3|]
			|No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1916–1924
	| 1916
			| {{Country|Dominican Republic}}
	| 1924
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|United States|1912}}
	| ]
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1917–1922
	| 1917
			| {{Country|Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|name=Cuba}}
	| 1922
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Cuba}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|United States|1912}}
	| ]
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| rowspan="4" | Parts of ] {{#tag:ref|See ] and ]. |group=lower-alpha}}
			| 1917–1918
	| rowspan="4" | 1919
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
	| rowspan="4" | 1922<ref>http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne</ref>
			| {{Country|Austria-Hungary}}
	| rowspan="4" | {{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|France}}
	| rowspan="4" | World War I		| ]
			|No
	|-		|-
			| {{plainlist|* Parts of the ],
	| {{Flag|Greece|old}}
			* ],
			* Parts of ]}}
			| {{nobr|1918–1925{{efn|Most of the Allies had withdrawn by 1920, Japan continued to occupy Northern ] until 1925.}}}}
			| {{nobr|{{Country|Russian SFSR|1918}}<hr>{{Country|Soviet Union|1924}}}}
			| {{plainlist|
			* {{nobr|{{Country|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}}}}
			* {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
			* {{Country|Kingdom of Greece|name=Greece|state}}
			* {{Country|United States|1912}}
			* {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
			* {{flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–1949)|1912}} ]
			}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
			| 1918–1923
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Ottoman Empire}}
			| | {{plainlist|
			* {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
			* {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
			}}
			| ]
			| rowspan=6 | ]
			| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
			| 1919–1922
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Greece|name=Greece|state}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1918–1930
			| {{Flagcountry|Weimar Republic}}
			| {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}{{Clear}}{{flag|United Kingdom}}{{Clear}}{{flag|Belgium}}{{Clear}}{{flag|United States|1912}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1918–1919
			| {{flag|West Ukrainian People's Republic}}
			| rowspan=2 | {{Flagcountry|Second Polish Republic|1918}}
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1918–1919
			| {{flag|Ukrainian People's Republic}}
			| '''Partial'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1918–1920
			| {{flag|Ukrainian People's Republic}}
			| {{Country|Russian SFSR|1918}}
			| ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|}
			=== 1920–1946 (miscellaneous) ===
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
			! Occupied territory
			! Years
			! Occupied state
			! Occupying state
			! Event
			! Part of war(s)
			! Subsequently annexed?
			|-
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| 1920
			| {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan|1918}} ]
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Russian SFSR|1918|name=Russia}}
			| ]
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| 1921
			| {{Country|Democratic Republic of Georgia|name=Georgia}}
			| ]
			| '''Yes'''
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1923–1924
	| 1923
			| {{Country|Weimar Republic|name=Germany}}
	| 1924
			| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|Weimar Republic}}
	| {{Flag|Belgium}}<br>{{Flag|France}}		* {{Country|Belgium}}
			* {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
			}}
	| ]		| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ] / ]
			| 1931–1945
	| 1931
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Republic of China (1912–49)|name=China}}
	| 1945
			| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
	| {{Flag|China|1929}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
	| ]		| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
	| 1935		| 1934
			| {{Country|Soviet Union|1924}}
	| 1941
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Ethiopia|1897}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
			| No
	| ]
	|-		|-
			|}
	| ]
			=== World War II: build up and immediate aftermath ===
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
			! Occupied territory
			! Years
			! Occupied state
			! Occupying state
			! Event
			! Part of war(s)
			! Subsequently annexed?
			|-
			| ]
			| 1935–1941
			| {{Country|Ethiopian Empire|name=Ethiopia}}
			| {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
			| ]
			|]
			|'''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1937–1945
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Republic of China (1912–49)|name=China}}
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1937–1945
			|No
			|-
			| ]
	| 1938		| 1938
			| {{nobr|{{Country|Federal State of Austria|name=Austria}}}}
	| 1945
			| rowspan=4 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
	| {{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			| rowspan=7 | ]
	| ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glassheim |first=Eagle |date=2006 |title=Ethnic Cleansing, Communism, and Environmental Devastation in Czechoslovakia's Borderlands, 1945–1989 |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/499795 |journal=The Journal of Modern History |volume=78 |issue=1|pages=65–92 |doi=10.1086/499795 |s2cid=142647561 }}</ref>
			| 1938
			| rowspan=2| {{nobr|{{Country|Czechoslovakia}}}}
			| ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1939–1945
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1939–1945
			| {{Country|Lithuania}}
			| ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1939–1945
			| {{Country|Albania|1928}}
			| {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
			| ]
			|No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1938
			| {{Country|Czechoslovakia}}
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|name=Hungary}}
			| ]
			|'''Yes'''
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1939–1944
	| 1939
			| {{Country|Carpatho-Ukraine}}
	| 1944
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|name=Hungary}}
	| {{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Hungary|1940}}
			|'''Yes'''
	|
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| {{nobr|1939–1945}}
	| 1939
			|rowspan="2"| {{Flagcountry|Second Polish Republic|1928}}
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|Albania|1928}}		| {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
			|rowspan=62"| ]
	|
			|'''Partial'''
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ] ]
			| 1939–1941
	| 1939
			| rowspan="2"|{{nobr|{{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}}}
	| 1945<ref name="fn_2">Under the terms of two decrees by ] (October 8 and October 12, 1939), large areas of western ] were annexed by ]. Much of the rest of Poland was organized into the ''Generalgouvernement'' (General Government) of Poland, under German administration, while eastern Poland was annexed by the ]. The annexations were not recognized by any other State.</ref>
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Poland}}
			|'''Partial'''
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
	| ]
	|-		|-
			| Parts of ]
	| ]
			| 1939–1940
	| 1940
			| {{Country|Finland}}
	| 1945
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Denmark}}
			|'''Partial'''
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1940–1941
	| 1940
			| {{Country|United Kingdom}}
	| 1945
			| {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
	| {{Flag|Norway}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			|'''Yes'''
	| World War II
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1940–1945
	| 1940
			| {{Country|Belgium}}
	| 1945
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
	| {{Flag|Belgium}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			| No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| rowspan="3" | ]
			| 1940–1945
	| rowspan="3" | 1941
	| rowspan="3" | 1944		|rowspan=3 | {{Country|Denmark}}
			| ]
	| rowspan="3" | {{Flag|Greece|old}}
			| No
	| {{Flag|Bulgaria}}
	| rowspan="3" | World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
			| 1940–1945
			| {{nobr|{{Country|United Kingdom}}}}
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			| 1940–1945
			| {{plainlist|
			* {{Country|United States}}
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
			}}
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1940–1941
	| 1941
			| {{Country|Finland}}
	| 1944
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}		| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			| No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| rowspan=2 | ]{{efn|name=Iceland WW2|On 17 June 1944, ] and ].}}
	| ]
			| rowspan=2 | 1940–1945
	| 1940
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Kingdom of Iceland}}
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}		| {{Country|United Kingdom}}
			| rowspan=2 | ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			| No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| {{Country|United States}}{{efn|name=Iceland USA|On 7 July 1941, the defence of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the ].}}
	| ]
			|No
	| 1940
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|Luxembourg}}
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]{{efn|] ]}}{{efn|Occupied the rest of France from 1942}}
			| 1940–1944
	| 1940
			| rowspan=3 | {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
	| 1944
			| {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
	| {{Flag|France}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			|No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]{{efn|] ]}}
	| ]
			| 1940–1943
	| 1940
			| {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
	| 1944
			| ]
	| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
	| rowspan="4" | ]		| ]
			| 1940–1945
	| rowspan="4" | 1941
			| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
	| rowspan="4" | 1945
			| ]
	| rowspan="4" | {{Flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia|name=Yugoslavia}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Bulgaria}}
	| rowspan="4" | World War II
	|-		|-
			| rowspan=3 | ]
	| {{Flag|Hungary|1940}}
			| rowspan=3 | 1940–1941{{efn|name=USSD|On March 26, 1949, the US department of State issued a circular letter stating that the Baltic countries were still independent nations with their own diplomatic representatives and consuls.<ref name="Feldbrugge 1985 461">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7gBESqTciYC&pg=PA461 | title=Encyclopedia of Soviet Law | publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht | editor-last1=Feldbrugge|editor-first1=F. J. M. |editor-last2=Van den Berg|editor-first2=G. P.|editor-last3=Simons|editor-first3=William B. | year=1985 | pages=461 |edition=2nd revised | isbn=90-247-3075-9}}</ref>}}{{efn|name=Welles|From the ] of July 23, 1940, "that we would not recognise the occupation, the United States acted with a consistency and a tenacity of which we can all be proud. We housed the exiled Baltic diplomatic delegations. We accredited their diplomats. We flew their flags in the State Department's Hall of Flags. We never recognised in deed or word or symbol the illegal occupation of their lands."<ref name="U.S.-Baltic Relations">{{cite press release|url=http://merln.ndu.edu/archivepdf/EUR/State/86539.pdf |title=U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=June 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819185542/http://merln.ndu.edu/archivepdf/EUR/State/86539.pdf |archive-date=August 19, 2012 }}</ref>}}
			| {{Country|Estonia}}
			| rowspan=3 | {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
			| rowspan=3 | ]
			| rowspan=3 | '''Yes'''
	|-		|-
			| {{Country|Latvia}}
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
	|-		|-
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}		| {{Country|Lithuania}}
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1940–1945
	| 1941
			| {{Country|Luxembourg}}
	| 1944
			| rowspan=3 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			|No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1940–1945
	| 1941
			| {{Country|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}
	| 1944
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1940–1945
	| 1941
			| {{Country|Norway}}
	| 1944
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ], ] and the ]
	| ]
			|1940
	| 1943
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Romania|name=Romania}}
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}		| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			|'''Yes'''
	| World War II
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1940–1945
	| 1944
			| {{nobr|{{Country|United Kingdom}}}}
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|Hungary|1940}}		| {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
			|No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1941–1945
	| 1940
			| {{Country|France|1830}}
	| 1943
			| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
	| {{Flag|France}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
			|No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1941–1944
	| 1940
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Greece|name=Greece|state}}
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|Denmark}}		| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}		* {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
			* {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
	| World War II
			* {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
			}}
			| ]
			|No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1941–1946
	| 1940
			| {{Country|Iran|1925}}
	| 1945
			| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|Denmark}}-{{Flag|Iceland}}{{#tag:ref|On 17 June 1944, ] and ]. |group=lower-alpha}}
			* {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
	| {{Flag|UK}} and {{Flag|USA|1912}}{{#tag:ref|On 7 July 1941, the defence of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the ].|group=lower-alpha}}
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
	| World War II
			}}
			| ]
			|No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| Parts of the ]
			| rowspan=5 | 1941–1944
	| 1941
			| rowspan=5 | {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
	| 1944
			| rowspan=4 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Finland}}
			| rowspan=4 | No
			|-
			| ]
			| ]
			|-
			| ]
			| Occupation of ], ] and ] (''de jure'' independent, ''de facto'' under Soviet rule)
			|-
			| Parts of ]
			| ]
			|-
			| ]
			| {{Country|Finland}}
	| ]		| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1941–1944
	| 1941
			| {{Country|United States}}
	| 1946
			| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
	| {{Flag|Iran}}
	| ]		| ]
			| No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1941–1944
	| 1943
			| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
	| 1951
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Romania|name=Romania}}
	| {{Flag|Libya}}
			| ]
	| ]
			|No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1941–1945
	| 1937
			| rowspan=3 | {{Country|United Kingdom}}
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|Republic of China}}		| rowspan=3 | {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
			|No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1941–1945
	| 1937
			| ]
	| 1945
			|No
	| {{Flag|Republic of China}}
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1941–1945
	| 1941
			| ]
	| 1945
			|No
	| {{Flag|UK}}
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1941–1945
	| 1940
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Yugoslavia|name=Yugoslavia}}
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|France}}		| {{plainlist|
			* {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
			* {{Country|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|name=Hungary}}
	| World War II
			* {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
			* {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
			* {{Country|Independent State of Croatia|name=Croatia}}
			}}
			| ]
			|No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1945
	| 1941
			| {{Country|France|1830}}
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|France}}		| {{Country|United States}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
			|No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1942–1945
	| 1941
			| {{Country|Australia}}
	| 1945
			| rowspan=10 | {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
	| {{Flag|UK}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
			|No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1945
	| 1941
			| {{plainlist|
	| 1945
	| {{Flag|UK}}		* {{Country|Australia}}
			* {{Country|Dominion of New Zealand|name=New Zealand}}
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
	| World War II
			}}
			| ]
			|No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1945
	| 1942
			| {{Country|British Raj}}
	| 1945
			| ]
	| {{Flag|UK}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1945
	| 1942
			| {{Country|Netherlands}}
	| 1945
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Commonwealth of the Philippines}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1945
	| 1942
			| {{Country|Commonwealth of the Philippines|name=Philippines}}
	| 1945
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Netherlands}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1945
	| 1942
			| {{Country|Estado Novo (Portugal)|name=Portugal}}
	| 1945
			| ]
	| {{Flag|UK}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1945
	| 1942
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|United Kingdom}}
	| 1945
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Australia}}{{#tag:ref|] administered by Australia.|group=lower-alpha}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1945
	| 1942
			| ]
	| 1943
			|No
	| {{Flag|USA|1912}}
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1943
	| 1940
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|United States}}
	1944
			| ]
	| 1941
			|No
	1991
	| {{Flag|Estonia}}{{#tag:ref|On March 26, 1949, the US department of State issued a circular letter stating that the Baltic countries were still independent nations with their own diplomatic representatives and consuls.<ref name="Feldbrugge 1985 461">{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Soviet law |last=Feldbrugge |first=Ferdinand |authorlink= |coauthors=Gerard Pieter van den Berg, William B. Simons |year=1985 |publisher=BRILL |location= |isbn=90-247-3075-9 |page=461 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=j7gBESqTciYC&pg=PA461&dq |accessdate= }}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}}{{#tag:ref|From Sumner Wells' declaration of July 23, 1940, that we would not recognize the occupation. We housed the exiled Baltic diplomatic delegations. We accredited their diplomats. We flew their flags in the State Department's Hall of Flags. We never recognized in deed or word or symbol the illegal occupation of their lands.<ref name="Fried">{{cite web | last=Fried | first=Daniel | title=U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship | url=http://merln.ndu.edu/archivepdf/EUR/State/86539.pdf | date=June 14, 2007 | work= | publisher= | accessdate=2009-04-29 }}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}}
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1942–1943
	| 1940
			| ]
	1944
			|No
	| 1941
	1991
	| {{Flag|Latvia}}{{#tag:ref|On March 26, 1949, the US department of State issued a circular letter stating that the Baltic countries were still independent nations with their own diplomatic representatives and consuls.<ref name="Feldbrugge 1985 461"/>|group=lower-alpha}}{{#tag:ref|From Sumner Wells' declaration of July 23, 1940, that we would not recognize the occupation. We housed the exiled Baltic diplomatic delegations. We accredited their diplomats. We flew their flags in the State Department's Hall of Flags. We never recognized in deed or word or symbol the illegal occupation of their lands.<ref name="Fried"/>|group=lower-alpha}}
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1943–1951
	| 1940
			| {{Country|Libya}}
	1944
			| {{plainlist|
	| 1941
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
	1991
			* {{Country|France|1830}}
	| {{Flag|Lithuania}}{{#tag:ref|On March 26, 1949, the US department of State issued a circular letter stating that the Baltic countries were still independent nations with their own diplomatic representatives and consuls.<ref name="Feldbrugge 1985 461"/>|group=lower-alpha}}{{#tag:ref|From Sumner Wells' declaration of July 23, 1940, that we would not recognize the occupation. We housed the exiled Baltic diplomatic delegations. We accredited their diplomats. We flew their flags in the State Department's Hall of Flags. We never recognized in deed or word or symbol the illegal occupation of their lands.<ref name="Fried"/>|group=lower-alpha}}
			}}
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
			| ]
	| World War II
			|No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1943–1945
	| 1939
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
	| 1941
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
	| {{Flag|Poland}}{{#tag:ref|On August 16, 1945 the Communist-dominated Polish government signed a treaty with the USSR to formally ] these territories. |group=lower-alpha}}
			| ], ]
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
			|No
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1944–1945
	| 1939
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|name=Hungary}}
	| 1940
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Finland}}
			|No
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
	| ]
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1943–1945
	| 1940
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
	| 1941
	| {{Flag|Romania}}		| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}		* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
			* {{Country|United States}}
	| World War II
			}}
			| ], ]
			|No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1944–1946
	| 1944
			| {{Country|France|1830}}
	| 1958
	| {{Flag|Romania}}		| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}		* {{Country|Free France}}
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
	| | World War II
			* {{Country|United States}}
			}}
			| ]
			|No
	|-		|-
			| rowspan=3 | ]
	| ]
			| rowspan=3 | 1944–1991{{efn|name=USSD}}{{efn|name=Welles}}
	| 1944
			| {{Country|Estonia}}
	| 1947
			| rowspan=11 | {{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
	| {{Flag|Bulgaria}}
			| rowspan=3 | ],<br />]
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
			| rowspan=3 | '''Yes'''
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| {{Country|Latvia}}
	| ]
	| 1945
	| 1991
	| {{Flag|Hungary}}
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| {{Country|Lithuania}}
	| ]
			|-
	| 1945
			| ]
	| 1945
			| 1944–1947
	| {{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
			| ]
	| World War II
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1944–1958
			| {{Country|Romania}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1944–1956{{efn|name=POL|A ] was signed in December 1956 to formally regulate the position of Soviet troops in Poland, which had been there since the end of the Second World War. After the end of the country's ] in 1989, the last Soviet contingent would leave the country in 1993.}}
			| {{Country|Poland|1928}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1944–1949{{efn|name=HUN|A ] was signed in 1947 to regulate the position of Soviet troops in Hungary, which was further confirmed by Hungary's later membership in ] in 1949. Soviet troops would remain stationed in Hungary until 1991.}}
			| {{Country|Second Hungarian Republic|name=Hungary}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1944–1956
			| {{Country|Finland}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1944–1945
			| {{Country|Czechoslovakia}}
			| ]
			| '''Yes'''
	|-		|-
			| Northern part of ]/]
	| ]
	| 1945		| 1945
			| {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
	| 1949
	| {{Flag|East Germany}}		| ]
			|'''Yes'''
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
			|-
	| World War II
			| ]
			| 1945–1946
			| {{Country|Manchukuo}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1945–1955
			| {{Country|Austria}}
			| {{plainlist|
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
			* {{Country|United States}}
			* {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
			* {{Country|France|1830}}
			}}
			| ]
			| rowspan=14 | ]
			|No
			|-
			| ], incl. ]
			| 1945–1949
			| rowspan=4 | {{Country|Allied-occupied Germany|name=Germany}}
			| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
			| rowspan=3 | ]
			| rowspan=3 | No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1945–1949
			| rowspan=2 | {{plainlist|
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
			* {{Country|United States}}
			* {{Country|France|1830}}
			}}
			|-
			| ]
			| 1945–1990
			|-
			| ]
			| 1945–1957
			| {{Country|France|1830}}
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1945–1946
	| 1945
			| {{Country|Iran|1925}}
	| 1946
	| {{Flag|Iran}}		| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
	|		| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1945–1951
	| 1945
			| rowspan=5 | {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
	| 1948
			| rowspan=5 | {{Country|United States}}
	| {{Flag|Korea}}
			| rowspan=5 | ]
	| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
	| World War II		| rowspan=5 | No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1945–1952
	| 1945
	| 1949
	1990{{#tag:ref|Berlin remained under formal military occupation until September 12, 1990 when the ] was signed|group=lower-alpha}}
	| {{Flag|Germany}}
	| ]
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			|1945–1953
	| 1945
	| 1955
	| {{Flag|Austria}}
	| ]
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1945–1968
	| 1945
	| 1951
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| ]
	| World War II
	|-		|-
			| ] and ]{{efn|name=Ryukyu Islands| The Tokara Islands were restored to Japan in 1952. The Amami Islands were restored in 1953.}}
	| ]
			| 1945–1972
	| 1945
	| 1948
	| {{Flag|Korea}}
	| {{Flag|USA}} and {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
	| World War II
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ], ], and ]
			| 1945–1952<ref name=Formosa>{{Cite journal
	| 1945
			| url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1955/may/04/far-east-formosa-and-the-pescadores#S5CV0540P0_19550504_HOC_582
	| 1952<ref>{{Cite journal
			| title=Far East (Formosa and the Pescadores)
	|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1955/may/04/far-east-formosa-and-the-pescadores#S5CV0540P0_19550504_HOC_582
			| publisher=U.K. Parliament |journal=Hansard |volume=540 |number=cc1870–4
	|title=Far East (Formosa and the Pescadores)
			| date=May 4, 1955
	|publisher=U.K. Parliament |journal=Hansard |volume=540 |number=cc1870–4
			| quote=The sovereignty was Japanese until 1952. The Japanese Treaty came into force, and at that time Formosa was being administered by the Chinese Nationalists, to whom it was entrusted in 1945, as a military occupation.
	|date=May 4, 1955
			| access-date=2010-09-01
	|quote=The sovereignty was Japanese until 1952. The Japanese Treaty came into force, and at that time Formosa was being administered by the Chinese Nationalists, to whom it was entrusted in 1945, as a military occupation.
	|accessdate=2010-09-01
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>
			| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}<ref name=Formosa />
	| {{Flag|Japan}}
	| {{Flag|Republic of China}}		| {{Country|Republic of China (1912–49)|name=China}}
			| ]
	| World War II
			| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
			| 1945–1948
	| 1945
			| {{Country|Korea}}
	| 1946
	| {{Flag|Vietnam}}		| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|UK}}		* {{Country|United States}}
			* {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
	| World War II
			}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			|] and ]{{sfn|Chapman|2013|pp=30–31}}
			| 1945–1946
			| {{Flag|France}}
			| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			|}
			=== 1947–1959 ===
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
			! Occupied territory
			! Years
			! Occupied state
			! Occupying state
			! Event
			! Part of war(s)
			! Subsequently annexed?
			|-
			| ]
			| 1947–1948
			| {{flagcountry|Junagadh State}}
			| {{flagcountry|Dominion of India}}
			| ]
			| {{n/a}}
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]{{efn|name=Palestine}}
			| {{nobr|1948–1967<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JKgeX_sdQG0C&pg=PA204|title=The International Law of Occupation|last=Benvenisti|first=Eyal|date=2012-02-23|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-958889-3}}</ref>}}
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| {{Country|Jordan|1948}}
			| ]
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]{{efn|name=Palestine}}
			| 1948–1956<br />1957–1967{{efn|The ] was ''de facto'' controlled by Egypt. Formal occupation occurred only from 1959 to 1967 after that government was dissolved.}}
			| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Egyptian Revolution (1952).svg}} ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
	| 1948		| 1948
			| {{flagcountry|Hyderabad State}}
	March 1957
			| {{flagcountry|Dominion of India}}
	| October 1956
			| ]
	June 1967
			| rowspan=3 {{n/a}}
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1949<ref>{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Stephen P. |author-link=Stephen P. Cohen|title=The Security of South Asia: American and Asian Perspectives|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=1987|pages=38, 40}}</ref>–1950
			| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Sikkim|1914}}
			| {{Country|India}}
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1949–1951
			| {{flagcountry|Tibet|1912}}
			| {{Country|China}}
			| ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| Northern ]<ref>'']'' (2004), by ]. {{ISBN|978-0-374-52980-2}}. pp 584-585</ref>
			| 1949-1967
			| {{flagcountry|Israel}}
			| {{Country|Syria}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1954–1974
			| {{Country|Portugal}}
			| {{Country|India}}
			| ]
			| {{n/a}}
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1956
			| rowspan=2 | {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Egyptian Revolution (1952).svg}} ]
			| {{plainlist|
			* {{Country|French Fourth Republic|name=France}}
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
			}}
			| rowspan=3 | ]
			| rowspan=3 | ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| rowspan=2 | 1956–1957
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Israel}}
			| No
			|-
	| ]		| ]
	| {{Flag|Egypt}}		| {{Country|All-Palestine}}
	|		| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
	| 1956		| 1956
			| {{Country|Hungarian People's Republic|revolution|name=Hungary}}
	| 1956<ref>, ]. Retrieved 22 June 2008.</ref><ref name="The occupation of Sinai 1956"></ref>
	| {{Flag|Egypt}}		| {{Country|Soviet Union|1955}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|France}}, {{Flag|Israel}}, and {{Flag|UK}}
	| ]		| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1959–1975
	| 1959
			| {{Country|Kingdom of Laos|name=Laos}}
	| 1975
	| {{Flag|Laos}}		| {{Country|North Vietnam}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|North Vietnam}}
			| ]
	| ]
			| No
			|}
			=== 1960–1979 ===
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
			! Occupied territory
			! Years
			! Occupied state
			! Occupying state
			! Event
			! Part of war(s)
			! Subsequently annexed?
			|-
			| ], ] and ]
			| 1961–1974
			| {{Country|Portugal}}
			| {{Country|India}}
			| ]
			| {{n/a}}
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1962
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|India}}
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|China}}
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1962
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1965–1966
	| 1965
			| {{Country|Dominican Republic}}
	| 1966
	| {{Flag|Dominican Republic}}		| {{Country|United States}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|USA}} and The ]
	| ]		| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| {{nobr|1967–1982}}{{efn|Israel withdrew from ] in 1989.|name=Sinai-Taba}}
	| 1967
			| {{Country|Egypt}}
	| 1982
	| {{Flag|Egypt}}		| {{Country|Israel}}
	| {{Flag|Israel}}
	| ]		| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| {{nobr|1968–1989}}{{efn|Government control ended with the ] in late 1989, and ] departed peacefully over 1990–1991.}}
	| 1968
			| {{Country|Czechoslovakia}}
	| 1968
			| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}
			* {{Country|Soviet Union}}
	| ]
			* {{Country|People's Republic of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
	| ]
			* {{Country|PPR|name=Poland}}
			* {{Country|East Germany}}
			* {{Country|Hungarian People's Republic|name=Hungary}}
			}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]<br />(became ])
	| 1971		| 1971
			| {{Country|Pakistan}}
	| 1971
	| {{Flag|Pakistan}}		| {{Country|India}}
	| {{Flag|India}}
	| ]		| ]
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1975–1976
			| {{Country|South Vietnam}}
			| {{Country|North Vietnam}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| Parts of ]
			| 1975–1976
			| {{Country|Angola}}
			| {{Country|South Africa|1928}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1975–1979
			| {{Country|Western Sahara}}
			| {{Country|Mauritania}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1975–1999
	| 1975
			| {{Country|East Timor}}
	| 1999
	| {{Flag|East Timor}}		| {{Country|Indonesia}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Indonesia}}
	| ]		| ]
			| '''Yes'''
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1976–1987
	| 1976
			| {{Country|Chad}}
	| 1987
			| {{Country|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|name=Libya}}
	| {{Flag|Chad}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya}}
			| ]
	| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| Parts of ]		| Parts of ]
			| {{nobr|1976–2005}}
	| 1976
			| {{Country|Lebanon}}
	| 2005
	| {{Flag|Lebanon}}		| {{Country|Syria}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Syria}}
	| ]		| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ]
	| 1982
	| 2000
	| {{Flag|Lebanon}}
	| {{Flag|Israel}}
	| ]
	|-
	| Parts of ]
	| 1978		| 1978
			| {{Country|Uganda}}
	| 1978
	| {{Flag|Uganda}}		| {{Country|Tanzania}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Tanzania}}
	| ]		| ]
			| No
			|-
			| rowspan=2 | ]
			| 1978–1984
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Lebanon}}
			| {{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} ]
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| 1984–2000
			| {{Country|Israel}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1978–1989
	| 1979
			| {{flagcountry|Democratic Kampuchea}}
	| 1989
	| {{Flag|Cambodia}}		| {{Country|Vietnam}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Vietnam}}
	| ]		| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| Parts of ]		| Parts of ]
	| 1979		| 1979
			| {{Country|Vietnam}}
	| 1979
	| {{Flag|Vietnam}}		| {{Country|China}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|China}}
	| ]		| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1979–1989
			| {{flagcountry|Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|1980}}
			| {{Country|Soviet Union}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
			|}
			=== 1980–1999 ===
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
			! Occupied territory
			! Years
			! Occupied state
			! Occupying state
			! Event
			! Part of war(s)
			! Subsequently annexed?
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
	| 1982		| 1982
			| {{nobr|{{Country|United Kingdom}}}}
	| 1982
	| {{Flag|UK}}		| {{Country|Argentina}}
	| {{Flag|Argentina}}
	| ]		| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| Northern ]		| ]
	| 1987		| 1983
			| {{Country|Grenada}}
	| 1990
			| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
	| {{Flag|India}}		* {{Country|United States}}
			* {{Country|Barbados}}
	| ]
			* {{Country|Jamaica}}
			* {{Country|Antigua and Barbuda}}
			* {{Country|Dominica}}
			* {{Country|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
			* {{Country|Saint Lucia}}
			* {{Country|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
			}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]
			| 1987–1990
			| {{Country|Sri Lanka}}
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|India}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
	| 1988		| 1988
			| {{Country|Maldives}}
	| 1988
	| {{Flag|Maldives}}
	| {{Flag|India}}
	| ]		| ]
			| {{n/a}}
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| nowrap | 1989–1990
	| 1989
			| {{Country|Panama}}
	| 1990
	| {{Flag|Panama}}		| {{Country|United States}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|USA}}
	| ]		| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1990–1991
	| 1990
			| {{Country|Kuwait}}
	| 1991
			| {{Country|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}
	| {{Flag|Kuwait}}
			* ]
	| {{Flag|Iraq}}
			* ]
	| ]		| ]
			| ]
			| '''Yes'''
			|-
			| ]
			| 1992–2020
			| rowspan="2" | {{Country|Azerbaijan}}
			| {{unbulleted list|{{Country|Armenia}}|''{{Country|Artsakh}}''}}
			| rowspan="2" | ]
			| rowspan="2" | ]
			| '''Yes''' (by Artsakh)
			|-
			| ], ], ] and Ghizilhajili<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/armenia-returns-4-border-villages-to-azerbaijan/a-69168512|title=Armenia returns 4 border villages to Azerbaijan|publisher=DW|date= 24 April 2024}}</ref>
			| 1992–2024
			| {{Country|Armenia}}
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1994–1995
	| 1994
			| {{Country|Haiti}}
	| 1995
	| {{Flag|Haiti}}		| {{plainlist|
			* {{Country|United States}}
	| {{Flag|USA}} {{Flag|Poland}}{{Flag|Argentina}}
			* {{Country|Poland}}
			* {{Country|Argentina}}
			}}
	| ]		| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 1998–1999
	| September 1998
			| {{Country|Lesotho|1987}}
	| May 1999
	| {{Flag|Lesotho}}		| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|South Africa}} and ]		* {{Country|South Africa}}
			* {{Country|Botswana}}
			}}
	| ]		| ]
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| Parts of the ]		| Parts of the ]
			| nowrap | 1998–2002<ref name="Congo CIA">{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ | title=Africa :: Congo, Democratic Republic of the|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency | access-date=June 20, 2015}}</ref>
	| 1998
	| 2002<ref> CIA Factbook</ref>		| {{Country|Democratic Republic of the Congo|1997}}
			| {{plainlist|
	| {{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
			* {{Country|Uganda}}
	| {{Flag|Uganda}}, {{Flag|Rwanda}}, {{Flag|Zimbabwe}}, {{Flag|Angola}}, {{Flag|Namibia}}, {{Flag|Chad}}, and {{Flag|Sudan}}
			* {{Country|Rwanda}}
			* {{Country|Zimbabwe}}
			* {{Country|Angola}}
			* {{Country|Namibia}}
			* {{Country|Chad}}
			* {{Country|Sudan}}
			}}
			| ]
	| ]		| ]
			| No
			|}
			=== 2000–2019 ===
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
			! Occupied territory
			! Years
			! Occupied state
			! Occupying state
			! Event
			! Part of war(s)
			! Subsequently annexed?
	|-		|-
			| {{nowrap|], ],}} ] and ]<br />regions of ]
	| ]
			| 2000–2018
	| 1999
			| {{Flag|Eritrea}}
	| 1999
	| {{Flag|India}}		| {{Flag|Ethiopia}}
			| Regions were seized at the end of the ] in 2000, and subsequently delimited<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_XXV/83-195.pdf |title=Decision regarding delimitation of the border between Eritrea and Ethiopia|series=Reports of International Arbitral Awards|volume=XXV |pages=83–195 |date=13 April 2002 |access-date=2017-05-18}}</ref> and demarcated<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pca-cpa.org/en/cases/99/ |title=Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission |publisher=Permanent Court of Arbitration|access-date=2017-05-18}}</ref> by the ] at the Hague to be Eritrean territory.
	| {{Flag|Pakistan}}
	| ]
			Eritrea recaptured the lands during the ].
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
			| ]{{efn|Occupation of Afghanistan by the U.S.-led ] ended on June 18, 2002 following the ] that established the ]. From June 19, 2002, U.S.-led ] forces operated in Afghanistan with the consent of the new Afghan government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/review-881-all.pdf#page=15|title=Humanitarian debate: Law, policy, action: Conflict in Afghanistan II - Part 2: Law and humanitarian action|page=13-16|date=March 2011|publisher=]}}</ref>}}
	| ]
			| 2001–2002
	| 2003
			| {{flag|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan}}
	| 2004
	| {{Flag|Iraq}}		| {{plainlist|
			* {{Country|United States}}
	| ]
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
	| ]
			* {{Country|Canada}}
			* {{Country|Australia}}
			* {{Country|New Zealand}}
			* and other troops
			}}
			| ]
			| ]
			| No
			|-
			| ]{{efn|Occupation of Iraq by the U.S.-led Coalition ended on June 28, 2004 when the ] (CPA) handed back control of Iraq to the ] as mandated by ]. From June 29, 2004, U.S.-led Coalition forces operated in Iraq with the consent of the new Iraqi government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/ihl_in_iraq_conflict.pdf#page=3|title=International Humanitarian Law in the Iraq Conflict|author=Knut Dörmann, Laurent Colassis|page=3-9|publisher=]}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2024}}}}
			| 2003–2004
			| {{Country|Iraq|1991}}
			| nowrap | {{plainlist|
			* {{Country|United States}}
			* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
			* {{Country|Australia}}
			* {{Country|Poland}}
			* and other troops<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3873359.stm|title=Coalition troops in Iraq|work=BBC News| date=20 July 2004|access-date=2019-07-01}}</ref>
			}}
			| {{plainlist|
			* ]
			* ]
			}}
			| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| Parts of ]		| Parts of ]
			| {{nobr|2006–2009}}<ref name="VOA">{{cite web | url=http://www.voanews.com/content/a-13-2007-12-24-voa20/336722.html | title=Ethiopia Marks Yearlong Occupation in Somalia |publisher=Voice of America|date=1 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621084311/http://www.voanews.com/content/a-13-2007-12-24-voa20/336722.html|archive-date=2015-06-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
	| December 2006
			| {{Country|Somalia}}
	| January 2009<ref>Joe De Capua , ], 24 December 2007</ref>
	| {{Flag|Somalia}}		| {{Country|Ethiopia}}
			| ]
	| {{Flag|Ethiopia}}
			| nowrap | ]
	| ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ] and ]		| ] and ]
	| 2008		| 2008
			| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Georgia}}
	| 2008
	| {{Flag|Georgia}}		| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Russia}}
			| ] and ]
	| {{Flag|Russia}}
	| ]		| rowspan=2 | ]
			| No
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
			| 2008–2010
	| 2008
			| ]
	| 2010
			| No
	| {{Flag|Georgia}}
	| {{Flag|Russia}}
	| ]
	|-
	| ]
	| October 2010
	| January 2011
	| {{Flag|Costa Rica}}
	| {{Flag|Nicaragua}}
	|
	|-		|-
			| ]
			| 2018
			| {{Country|Yemen}}
			| {{Country|United Arab Emirates}}
			| ]
			| nowrap | ]
			| No
	|}		|}
			=== 2020–present ===
	== Current military occupations ==
	{|class="wikitable sortable"
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
	|-
			! Occupied territory
	! style="width:15%" | Territory occupied
			! Years
	! style="width:5%" | Since
	! style="width:10%" | Occupied state		! Occupied state
	! style="width:10%" | Occupying state		! Occupying state
			! Event
	! style="width:35%" | Status
			! Part of war(s)
	|-
			! Subsequently annexed?
	| ]
	| 2008
	| {{Flag|Georgia}}
	| {{Flag|Russia}}
	| Seized during the ]; administered as the Republic of Abkhazia, a state with ] (See ])
	|-
	| ]
	| 1994
	| {{Flag|Armenia}}
	| {{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
	| Seized during the ]; ''de facto'' annexed; administered as part of ]
	|-
	| ]
	| 1994
	| {{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
	| {{Flag|Armenia}}
	| Seized during the ]; ''de facto'' annexed; administered as part of ]
	|-
	| ]
	| 2014
	| {{Flag|Ukraine}}
	| {{Flag|Russia}}
	| ] in 2014 during ]
	|-
	| ]
	| 1967
	| {{Flag|Palestine}}
	| {{Flag|Israel}}
	| Seized during the ] from ]; ''de facto'' annexed in 1980 via the ]
	|-
	| ]
	| 1967
	| {{Flag|Palestine}}
	| {{Flag|Israel}}
	| Seized during the ] from ]; In 2005, Israel disengaged its military forces from the Gaza Strip and no longer considers itself to be occupying the territory, however the United Nations still considers it an occupying power. Gaza's border crossings with Israel and maritime and air space are controlled by Israel{{#tag:ref|In 2005, Israel disengaged its military forces from the Gaza Strip and no longer considers itself to be occupying the territory. However, in a " on 19 January 2012, Martin Nesirky, Spokesperson for the United Nations Secretary-General, stated "under resolutions adopted by both the Security Council and the General Assembly on the Middle East peace process, the Gaza Strip continues to be regarded as part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The United Nations will accordingly continue to refer to the Gaza Strip as part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory until such time as either the General Assembly or the Security Council take a different view."|group=lower-alpha}}
	|-		|-
			| {{unbulleted list|Parts of ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] Oblasts{{efn|These oblasts of Ukraine were all ] by Russia during the ]. However, these oblasts were eventually relinquished after several weeks. On the other hand, Russia has also occupied (parts of) ], ], ], and ] Oblasts during the same invasion, eventually ] them (including uncontrolled parts) in September–October 2022. Additionally, amid the 2022 annexation, Russia streamlined two small parts of ] into Kherson Oblast, namely the city of ] and its surroundings,<ref name="SnihurivkaJoinsKhersonOblast"/> as well as the outer portion of the ]. Earlier, Russia ] and ] ] (including ]) in 2014, which was also previously administered by Ukraine.}}{{efn|See ], ], ], ], and ] Oblasts.}}|]{{efn|The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, the site of the ] in 1986, was ] by Russia during the 2022 invasion. Most of Chernobyl EZ lies within Kyiv Oblast (and partially within Zhytomyr Oblast), but it is off-limits to civilians. Chernobyl EZ was retaken by Ukraine in March–April 2022.}}|]{{efn|Snake Island, which is administratively part of ] and located in the ], was ] by Russia at the beginning of the invasion, on 24 February 2022. Snake Island was retaken by Ukraine on 30 June 2022.}}}}
	| ]
			| rowspan="2" | 2022–2024
	| 1967
			| rowspan="2" | {{Country|Ukraine}}
	| {{Flag|Syria}}
	| {{Flag|Israel}}		| rowspan="2" | {{Country|Russia}}
			| rowspan="2" | ]
	| Seized during the ]; ''de facto'' annexed in 1981 via the ]
			| rowspan="2" | ]
			| No{{efn|Russia still controls a small part of Kharkiv Oblast, which it has not officially annexed.}}
	|-		|-
	| ]
	| 1992
	| {{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
	| {{Flag|Armenia}}
	| Seized during the ]; ''de facto'' annexed; administered as part of ]
	|-
	| ]<br><small>(and ])</small>
	| 1994
	| {{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
	| {{Flag|Armenia}}
	| Seized during the ]; Nagorno-Karabakh administered as the ], a state with ]
	|-
	| ]
	| 1974
	| {{Flag|Cyprus}}
	| {{Flag|Turkey}}
	| Seized during the ]; administered as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a state with no international recognition
	|-
	| ]
	| 2008
	| {{Flag|Georgia}}
	| {{Flag|Russia}}
	| Seized during the ]; administered as the Republic of South Ossetia, a state with ] (See ])
	|-
	| ]
	| 1992
	| {{Flag|Moldova}}
	| {{Flag|Russia}}
	| Seized during the ]; administered as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, a state with ]
	|-
	| ]
	| 1967
	| {{Flag|Palestine}}
	| {{Flag|Israel}}
	| Seized during the ] from ]; administered by the ] and the ]
	|-
	| ]
	| 1975
	|
	| {{Flag|Morocco}}
	| Seized during the ]; ''de facto'' annexed; administered as the ]; claimed by ], a state with ]
	|-
	| ]
	| 1994
	| {{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
	| {{Flag|Armenia}}
	| Seized during the ]; ''de facto'' annexed; administered as part of ]
	|}		|}
	==See also==		== See also ==
			* ]
			* ]
	* ]		* ]
	* ] - military deployments for peace-keeping purposes		* ] – military deployments for peace-keeping purposes
	* ] – foreign ] missions of the ]		* ]
	* ]		* ]
	* ]		* ]
Line 908:		Line 1,559:
	* For a list of cases where territory is disputed between countries, see ]		* For a list of cases where territory is disputed between countries, see ]
			==Bibliography==
	==Footnotes and references==
			* {{citation|author-link=Secretariat of the European Parliament#External Policies|author=Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO|date=2015|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/534995/EXPO_STU(2015)534995_EN.pdf|title=Occupation/Annexation of a Territory: Respect for International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights and Consistent EU Policy}}
	;Footnotes
			* {{cite book | title = Cauldron of Resistance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and 1950s Southern Vietnam | url = https://scholar.google.com.sg/scholar?hl=zh-CN&q=Cauldron+of+Resistance&btnG=&lr=lang_en | last = Chapman | first = Jessica M. | publisher = Cornell University Press | location = Ithaca, New York | year = 2013 | isbn = 978-0-8014-5061-7 }}
	{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
	;References
			== Footnotes and references ==
	{{reflist|2}}
			===Footnotes===
			{{notelist}}
			===References===
			{{reflist}}
	]		]
	]
	]		]
	]		]
			]
	]		]

---

Latest revision as of 10:09, 23 December 2024

This article is about territorial occupations. For military ranks, see List of comparative military ranks.

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This article presents a list of military occupations, both historic and contemporary, but only those that have taken place since the customary laws of belligerent military occupation were first clarified and supplemented by the Hague Convention of 1907.

As currently understood in international law, "military occupation" is the effective military control by a power of a territory outside of said power's recognized sovereign territory. The occupying power in question may be an individual state or a supranational organization, such as the United Nations.

Ongoing occupations

	Territory	Since	Occupied state/territory	Occupying state	Occupier's declared state/territory	Status
	Transnistria	1992	Moldova	Russia	Transnistria	Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power
	Abkhazia	2008	Georgia		Abkhazia	Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power
	South Ossetia				South Ossetia
	Crimea	2014	Ukraine		Federal subjects of Russia  Republic of Crimea  Sevastopol	Occupied and annexed by a foreign power
	Significant parts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia OblastsNegligible parts of Kharkiv and Mykolaiv Oblasts	2014 2022			Federal subjects of Russia  Donetsk People's Republic Kherson Oblast Outer Kinburn Peninsula (Mykolaiv Oblast)  Luhansk People's Republic Zaporizhzhia Oblast Tavilzhanka's environs, area north of Vovchansk (Kharkiv Oblast)	Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia Oblasts: DPR & LPR: Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power (2014–2022) Four oblasts: Occupied and annexed by a foreign power (2022) Mykolaiv Oblast: Occupied and partially annexed by a foreign power; territory mostly recaptured by Ukraine Kharkiv Oblast: Occupied by a foreign power
	Parts of Kursk Oblast	2024	Russia	Ukraine	Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast	Occupied by a foreign power
	Parts of Southern Lebanon	2024	Lebanon	Israel	—	Occupied by a foreign power
	East Jerusalem	1967	Palestinian territories;  Palestine (since 1988 declaration)		Part of the Jerusalem District (effectively annexed in 1980)	Occupied and annexed by a foreign power
	West Bank				Judea and Samaria Area	Occupied by a foreign power, with de facto partial annexation in the West Bank
	Gaza Strip				—
	Golan Heights		Syria		Part of the Northern District (effectively annexed in 1981)	Occupied and annexed by a foreign power Recognized by only the United States as part of Israel.
	Parts of Southern Syria	2024			—	Occupied by a foreign power
	Al-Tanf	2015		United States	—	Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power
	Azaz, al-Bab and Jarabulus Districts	2016		Turkey	Syrian Interim Government	Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power
	Afrin District	2018				Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power
	Tell Abyad and Ras al-Ayn Districts	2019				Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power
	Northern Cyprus	1974	Cyprus		Northern Cyprus	Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power
	Sofulu, Barxudarlı and Karki	1992	Azerbaijan	Armenia	Part of the Tavush and Ararat Provinces	Occupied by a foreign power
	Artsvashen		Armenia	Azerbaijan	Part of the Gadabay Rayon
	Portions of Syunik, Vayots Dzor, and Gegharkunik Provinces	2021 2022			Armenian territory occupied by Azerbaijan
	Majority of Western Sahara	1975	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (declared in 1976)	Morocco	Southern Provinces (annexed between 1976-79)	Occupied and annexed by a foreign power

Historical occupations

Events before the Hague Convention of 1907 are out of scope.

1907–1919 (miscellaneous)

Occupied territory	Years	Occupied state	Occupying state	Event	Part of war(s)	Subsequently annexed?
Korea	1905–1910	Korea	Japan	Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905	Aftermath of Russo-Japanese War	Yes
Cuba	1906–1909	Cuba	United States	Provisional Government of Cuba	Banana Wars	No
Libya	1911–1912	Ottoman Empire	Italy	Invasion of Libya	Italo-Turkish War	Yes
Albania	1912–1913	Albania	Serbia	Occupation of Albania	Balkan Wars	No
Nicaragua	1912–1933	Nicaragua	United States	Occupation of Nicaragua	Banana Wars	No
Veracruz	1914	Mexico	United States	Occupation of Veracruz	Mexican Revolution	No

World War I and immediate aftermath

Occupied territory	Years	Occupied state	Occupying state	Event	Part of war(s)	Subsequently annexed?
Albania	1916–1918	Albania	Austria-Hungary	Occupation of Albania	World War I	No
Eastern Galicia	1914–1915	Austria-Hungary	Russia	Occupation of Eastern Galicia		No
Belgium	1914–1918	Belgium	Germany	Occupation of Belgium		No
Northeastern France	1914–1918	France		Invasion of Northeastern France		No
Luxembourg	1914–1918	Luxembourg		Occupation of Luxembourg		No
Congress Poland	1914–1918	Russia	Austria-Hungary  Germany	Invasion of Russian Poland		No
Parts of the Baltic governorates and Vilna Governorate-General	1914–1919		Germany	Invasion of Baltic Russia		No
German South West Africa	1914–1915	Germany	South Africa	South West Africa campaign		Yes
Governorate of Serbia	1915–1918	Serbia	Austria-Hungary	Occupation of Serbia		No
Serbia	1915–1918		Germany	Invasion of Serbia		No
Eastern Serbia	1915–1918		Bulgaria	Occupation of Eastern Serbia		No
Serbian Macedonia	1915–1918		Bulgaria	Occupation of Serbian Macedonia		Yes
Albania	1915–1917	Albania	Bulgaria	Occupation of Albania		No
Montenegro	1916–1918	Montenegro	Austria-Hungary	Invasion of Montenegro		No
Haiti	1915–1934	Haiti	United States	Occupation of Haiti	Banana Wars	No
Dominican Republic	1916–1924	Dominican Republic		Occupation of the Dominican Republic		No
Cuba	1917–1922	Cuba		Sugar Intervention		No
Northeast Italy	1917–1918	Italy	Austria-Hungary	Invasion of Northeastern Italy	World War I	No
Parts of the Russian Far East, Caucasus, Parts of Northern Russia	1918–1925	Russian SFSR  Soviet Union	United Kingdom  Japan  Greece  United States  France China	Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War	Russian Civil War	No
Constantinople	1918–1923	Ottoman Empire	France  Italy  United Kingdom	Occupation of Constantinople	Aftermath of World War I	No
Smyrna	1919–1922		Greece	Occupation of Smyrna		No
Rhineland	1918–1930	Germany	France United Kingdom Belgium United States	Occupation of the Rhineland		No
Eastern Galicia	1918–1919	West Ukrainian People's Republic	Poland	Polish–Ukrainian War		Yes
Volhynia	1918–1919	Ukrainian People's Republic				Partial
Ukraine	1918–1920	Ukrainian People's Republic	Russian SFSR	Ukrainian–Soviet War		Yes

1920–1946 (miscellaneous)

Occupied territory	Years	Occupied state	Occupying state	Event	Part of war(s)	Subsequently annexed?
Transcaucasia	1920	Azerbaijan	Russia	Invasion of Azerbaijan	Russian Civil War	Yes
	1921	Georgia		Invasion of Georgia		Yes
Ruhr	1923–1924	Germany	Belgium  France	Occupation of the Ruhr	Aftermath of World War I	No
Manchuria / Manchukuo	1931–1945	China	Japan	Invasion of Manchuria	Second Sino-Japanese War	No
Xinjiang	1934		Soviet Union	Invasion of Xinjiang	Kumul Rebellion	No

World War II: build up and immediate aftermath

Occupied territory	Years	Occupied state	Occupying state	Event	Part of war(s)	Subsequently annexed?
Ethiopia	1935–1941	Ethiopia	Italy	Invasion of Ethiopia	Second Italo-Ethiopian War	Yes
Parts of China	1937–1945	China	Japan	Second Sino-Japanese War	World War II	No
Shanghai	1937–1945					No
Austria	1938	Austria	Germany	Anschluss	Events preceding World War II in Europe	Yes
Sudetenland	1938	Czechoslovakia		Munich Agreement		Yes
Bohemia and Moravia	1939–1945			Occupation of Czechoslovakia		No
Memel Territory	1939–1945	Lithuania		Occupation of Memel		Yes
Albania	1939–1945	Albania	Italy	Invasion of Albania		No
Carpathian Ruthenia	1938	Czechoslovakia	Hungary	First Vienna Award		Yes
Carpatho-Ukraine	1939–1944	Carpatho-Ukraine	Hungary	Invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine		Yes
Poland	1939–1945	Poland	Germany	Invasion of Poland	World War II	Partial
Eastern Poland	1939–1941		Soviet Union	Annexation of Polish territories	Partial
Parts of Finland	1939–1940	Finland		Winter War	Partial
British Somaliland	1940–1941	United Kingdom	Italy	Italian invasion of British Somaliland	Yes
Belgium	1940–1945	Belgium	Germany	Invasion of Belgium	No
Denmark	1940–1945	Denmark		Invasion of Denmark	No
Faroe Islands	1940–1945		United Kingdom	Occupation of the Faroe Islands	No
Greenland	1940–1945		United States  United Kingdom	Greenland in World War II	No
Hankoniemi	1940–1941	Finland	Soviet Union	Winter War	No
Iceland	1940–1945	Kingdom of Iceland	United Kingdom	Occupation of Iceland	No
			United States		No
Northern France	1940–1944	France	Germany	Invasion of Northern France	No
Southeastern France	1940–1943		Italy	Italian invasion of France	No
Vietnam	1940–1945		Japan	Invasion of French Indochina	No
Baltic states	1940–1941	Estonia	Soviet Union	Soviet occupation of the Baltic states	Yes
		Latvia
		Lithuania
Luxembourg	1940–1945	Luxembourg	Germany	Occupation of Luxembourg	No
Netherlands	1940–1945	Netherlands		Invasion of the Netherlands	No
Norway	1940–1945	Norway		Invasion of Norway	No
Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region	1940	Romania	Soviet Union	Occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina	Yes
Channel Islands	1940–1945	United Kingdom	Germany	Occupation of the Channel Islands	No
Cambodia	1941–1945	France	Japan	Invasion of Cambodia	No
Greece	1941–1944	Greece	Bulgaria  Italy  Germany	Occupation of Greece	No
Iran	1941–1946	Iran	Soviet Union  United Kingdom	Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran	No
Byelorussia	1941–1944	Soviet Union	Germany	Occupation of Byelorussia	No
Ukraine				Occupation of Ukraine
Baltic states				Occupation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (de jure independent, de facto under Soviet rule)
Parts of European Russia				Eastern Front
Eastern Karelia			Finland	Continuation War	No
Guam	1941–1944	United States	Japan	Occupation of Guam	No
Transnistria	1941–1944	Soviet Union	Romania	Operation Barbarossa	No
Borneo	1941–1945	United Kingdom	Japan	Occupation of British Borneo	No
Hong Kong	1941–1945			Occupation of Hong Kong	No
Malaya	1941–1945			Occupation of Malaya	No
Yugoslavia	1941–1945	Yugoslavia	Bulgaria  Hungary  Italy  Germany  Croatia	Military operations in the territory of Yugoslavia	No
New Caledonia	1942–1945	France	United States	New Caledonia during WWII	No
New Guinea	1942–1945	Australia	Japan	New Guinea campaign	No
Nauru	1942–1945	Australia  New Zealand  United Kingdom		Occupation of Nauru	No
Andaman Islands	1942–1945	British Raj		Occupation of the Andaman Islands	No
Dutch East Indies	1942–1945	Netherlands		Occupation of Dutch East Indies	No
Philippines	1942–1945	Philippines		Occupation of the Philippines	No
Portuguese Timor	1942–1945	Portugal		Battle of Timor	No
Burma (Myanmar)	1942–1945	United Kingdom		Occupation of Burma	No
Singapore	1942–1945			Occupation of Singapore	No
Kiska	1942–1943	United States		Occupation of Kiska	No
Attu	1942–1943			Occupation of Attu	No
Italian Libya	1943–1951	Libya	United Kingdom  France	Allied occupation of Libya	No
Italy	1943–1945	Italy	Germany	Occupation of Italy, Italian campaign	No
Hungary	1944–1945	Hungary		Occupation of Hungary	No
Italy	1943–1945	Italy	United Kingdom  United States	Occupation of Italy, Italian campaign	No
France	1944–1946	France	Free France  United Kingdom  United States	Liberation of France	No
Baltic states	1944–1991	Estonia	Soviet Union	1944 Soviet re-occupation, Baltic states under Soviet rule	Yes
		Latvia
		Lithuania
Bulgaria	1944–1947	Bulgaria		Occupation of Bulgaria	No
Romania	1944–1958	Romania		Occupation of Romania	No
Poland	1944–1956	Poland		Soviet presence in Poland	No
Hungary	1944–1949	Hungary		Occupation of Hungary	No
Porkkalanniemi	1944–1956	Finland		Continuation War	No
Carpathian Ruthenia	1944–1945	Czechoslovakia		Annexation of Carpathian Ruthenia	Yes
Northern part of East Prussia/Kaliningrad Oblast	1945	Germany		East Prussian offensive	Yes
Manchuria	1945–1946	Manchukuo		Soviet–Japanese War	No
Austria	1945–1955	Austria	United Kingdom  United States  Soviet Union  France	Allied-occupied Austria	Aftermath of World War II	No
East Germany, incl. East Berlin	1945–1949	Germany	Soviet Union	Allied-occupied Germany		No
West Germany	1945–1949		United Kingdom  United States  France
West Berlin	1945–1990
Saarland	1945–1957		France	Saar Protectorate		No
Northern Iran	1945–1946	Iran	Soviet Union	Iran crisis of 1946		No
Japan (mainland)	1945–1951	Japan	United States	Occupation of Japan		No
Tokara Islands	1945–1952
Amami Islands	1945–1953
Ogasawara archipelago	1945–1968
Daitō Islands and Ryukyu Islands	1945–1972
Taiwan, Pescadores, and Itu Aba	1945–1952	Japan	China	History of Taiwan since 1945		No
Korea	1945–1948	Korea	United States  Soviet Union	Occupation of Korea		No
Southern Vietnam and Saigon	1945–1946	France	United Kingdom	War of Vietnam		No

1947–1959

Occupied territory	Years	Occupied state	Occupying state	Event	Part of war(s)	Subsequently annexed?
Junagadh	1947–1948	Junagadh	India	Annexation of Junagadh	—	Yes
West Bank	1948–1967	Post-Mandate Palestine	Jordan	Jordanian annexation of the West Bank	1948 Arab–Israeli War	Yes
Gaza Strip	1948–1956 1957–1967		Egypt	Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt		No
Hyderabad	1948	Hyderabad	India	Annexation of Hyderabad	—	Yes
Sikkim	1949–1950	Sikkim	India	Intervention in Sikkim		No
Tibet	1949–1951	Tibet	China	Annexation of Tibet		Yes
Northern Jordan Valley	1949-1967	Israel	Syria	1949 Armistice Agreements	1948 Arab–Israeli War	No
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	1954–1974	Portugal	India	Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli	—	Yes
Suez Canal Zone	1956	Egypt	France  United Kingdom	Suez Crisis	Arab–Israeli conflict	No
Sinai	1956–1957		Israel			No
Gaza Strip		All-Palestine				No
Hungary	1956	Hungary	Soviet Union	Hungarian Uprising	Hungarian Revolution of 1956	No
Laos	1959–1975	Laos	North Vietnam	Invasion of Laos	Laotian Civil War	No

1960–1979

Occupied territory	Years	Occupied state	Occupying state	Event	Part of war(s)	Subsequently annexed?
Goa, Daman and Diu	1961–1974	Portugal	India	Annexation of Goa	—	Yes
Aksai Chin	1962	India	China	Sino-Indian War	Sino-Indian War	Yes
Arunachal Pradesh	1962					No
Dominican Republic	1965–1966	Dominican Republic	United States	Invasion of the Dominican Republic	Dominican Civil War	No
Sinai	1967–1982	Egypt	Israel	Six-Day War	Arab–Israeli conflict	No
Czechoslovakia	1968–1989	Czechoslovakia	Soviet Union  Bulgaria  Poland  East Germany  Hungary	Invasion of Czechoslovakia	Prague Spring	No
East Pakistan (became Bangladesh)	1971	Pakistan	India	Indo-Pakistani War of 1971	Bangladesh Liberation War	No
Southern half of Vietnam	1975–1976	South Vietnam	North Vietnam	1975 spring offensive	Vietnam War	Yes
Parts of Angola	1975–1976	Angola	South Africa	South African invasion of Angola	South African Border War	No
Tiris al-Gharbiyya	1975–1979	Western Sahara	Mauritania	Battles of La Güera and Tichla	Western Sahara War	No
East Timor	1975–1999	East Timor	Indonesia	Invasion of East Timor	Indonesian occupation of East Timor	Yes
Aouzou Strip	1976–1987	Chad	Libya	Occupation of the Aouzou Strip	Chadian–Libyan War	No
Parts of Lebanon	1976–2005	Lebanon	Syria	Syrian occupation of Lebanon	Lebanese Civil War	No
Kagera Region	1978	Uganda	Tanzania	Ugandan invasion of Kagera	Uganda–Tanzania War	No
Southern Lebanon	1978–1984	Lebanon	Free Lebanon State	1978 South Lebanon conflict	Lebanese Civil War	No
	1984–2000		Israel	1982 Lebanon War	1982 Lebanon War	No
Cambodia	1978–1989	Kampuchea	Vietnam	Invasion of Kampuchea	Cambodian–Vietnamese War	No
Parts of Vietnam	1979	Vietnam	China	Invasion of Vietnam	Sino-Vietnamese War	No
Afghanistan	1979–1989	Afghanistan	Soviet Union	Invasion of Afghanistan	Afghan–Soviet War	No

1980–1999

Occupied territory	Years	Occupied state	Occupying state	Event	Part of war(s)	Subsequently annexed?
Falkland Islands	1982	United Kingdom	Argentina	Occupation of the Falkland Islands	Falklands War	No
Grenada	1983	Grenada	United States  Barbados  Jamaica  Antigua and Barbuda  Dominica  Saint Kitts and Nevis  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Invasion of Grenada	Grenadian Revolution	No
Northern Province	1987–1990	Sri Lanka	India	Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War	Sri Lankan Civil War	No
Maldives	1988	Maldives		1988 Maldives coup d'état	—	No
Panama	1989–1990	Panama	United States	Invasion of Panama	War on drugs	No
Kuwait	1990–1991	Kuwait	Iraq Kuwait Governorate Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District	Invasion of Kuwait	Gulf War	Yes
Seven districts surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh	1992–2020	Azerbaijan	Armenia  Artsakh	First Nagorno-Karabakh War	Nagorno-Karabakh conflict	Yes (by Artsakh)
Bağanıs Ayrım, Aşağı Əskipara, Xeyrimli and Ghizilhajili	1992–2024		Armenia			No
Haiti	1994–1995	Haiti	United States  Poland  Argentina	Operation Uphold Democracy	1991 Haitian coup d'état	No
Lesotho	1998–1999	Lesotho	South Africa  Botswana	Operation Boleas	Lesotho general election riots	No
Parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo	1998–2002	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Uganda  Rwanda  Zimbabwe  Angola  Namibia  Chad  Sudan	Foreign support to the DR Congo	Second Congo War	No

2000–2019

Occupied territory	Years	Occupied state	Occupying state	Event	Part of war(s)	Subsequently annexed?
Gash-Barka, Southern, Northern Red Sea and Southern Red Sea regions of Eritrea	2000–2018	Eritrea	Ethiopia	Regions were seized at the end of the Eritrean–Ethiopian War in 2000, and subsequently delimited and demarcated by the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague to be Eritrean territory. Eritrea recaptured the lands during the Tigray war.	Eritrean–Ethiopian War	No
Afghanistan	2001–2002	Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	United States  United Kingdom  Canada  Australia  New Zealand and other troops	United States invasion of Afghanistan	War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)	No
Iraq	2003–2004	Iraq	United States  United Kingdom  Australia  Poland and other troops	2003 invasion of Iraq Occupation of Iraq	Iraq War	No
Parts of Somalia	2006–2009	Somalia	Ethiopia	Somalia War (2006–2009)	Somali Civil War	No
Gori and Poti	2008	Georgia	Russia	Occupation of Gori and Poti	Russo-Georgian War	No
Perevi	2008–2010			Occupation of Perevi		No
Socotra	2018	Yemen	United Arab Emirates	Takeover of Socotra	Yemeni Civil War	No

2020–present

Occupied territory	Years	Occupied state	Occupying state	Event	Part of war(s)	Subsequently annexed?
Parts of Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Poltava, Sumy, and Zhytomyr Oblasts Chernobyl Exclusion Zone Snake Island	2022–2024	Ukraine	Russia	Russian invasion of Ukraine	Russo-Ukrainian War	No

See also

• Russian-occupied territories
• Israeli-occupied territories
• Military occupations by the Soviet Union
• Peacekeeping – military deployments for peace-keeping purposes
• List of military and civilian missions of the European Union
• Annexation
• Revanchism
• For a list of states that have seceded unilaterally see List of states with limited recognition
• For a list of cases where territory is disputed between countries, see List of territorial disputes

Bibliography

• Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO (2015), Occupation/Annexation of a Territory: Respect for International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights and Consistent EU Policy (PDF)
• Chapman, Jessica M. (2013). Cauldron of Resistance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and 1950s Southern Vietnam. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-5061-7.

Footnotes and references

Footnotes

1. Seized during the Transnistria War; administered as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, a state with limited international recognition.
2. Seized during the Russo-Georgian War; administered as states with limited international recognition.
3. ^ See Russo-Ukrainian War, War in Donbas and 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
4. The occupation of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts occurred in two stages. The south of Luhansk Oblast and the southeast of Donetsk Oblast were occupied by Russian-backed separatists from 2014 to 2022. Later, in 2022, the north of Luhansk Oblast (i.e. almost the entire oblast) and the southwest of Donetsk Oblast (e.g. Mariupol) came under Russian occupation. Parts of the northeast of Donetsk Oblast were also occupied, but areas such as Lyman have been retaken by Ukraine as of October 2022.
5. Russia's occupation of Kherson Oblast (nearly the entire oblast) and Zaporizhzhia Oblast (only the southern portion) began in 2022. On the other hand, Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts were initially partially occupied by Russian-backed separatists back in 2014. In 2022, larger areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts came under Russian occupation, and the Russian-backed separatists handed over absolute control to Russia, effectively designating the entire area as Russian-occupied (as opposed to separatists-occupied). In Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russia lacks control of the capital city, Zaporizhzhia, but controls the second-biggest city, Melitopol, which is acting as the de facto capital. Parts of the northwest of Kherson Oblast have been retaken by Ukraine as of October 2022.
6. See Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine and Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts.
7. See Russian occupation of Donetsk Oblast.
8. See Russian occupation of Luhansk Oblast.
9. As of November 2022, Russia does not control significant portions of Kherson Oblast, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, and Donetsk Oblast. In particular, Russia does not control the capital cities of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts, namely Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, respectively. Russia formerly controlled Kherson for over eight months throughout 2022 after capturing it in the Battle of Kherson, although the city was eventually liberated by Ukraine following the successful 2022 Ukrainian southern counteroffensive on 10–11 November 2022. Russia never managed to occupy the city of Zaporizhzhia at any point. Meanwhile, Russia has never managed to occupy a significant portion of Donetsk Oblast in the northwest, although Russia does control the capital city, Donetsk. As for Luhansk Oblast, Russia controls nearly the entire oblast as of November 2022.
10. Russia occupied territory in the southeast of Mykolaiv Oblast during the 2022 invasion. After failing to occupy the capital city, Mykolaiv, Russian forces withdrew to the extreme southeast, near the border with Kherson Oblast. On 30 September 2022, when Russia annexed Kherson Oblast, Russia also streamlined two small parts of Mykolaiv Oblast into Kherson Oblast, namely the city of Snihurivka and its surroundings, as well as the outer portion of the Kinburn Peninsula. As of 10 November 2022, the city of Snihurivka and its surroundings have been completely liberated following the successful 2022 Ukrainian southern counteroffensive, although the outer Kinburn Peninsula is still under Russian occupation.
11. As of August 2024, a small incursion on the northern border of Kharkiv Oblast and a tiny sliver of territory in the far northeast are occupied by Russian forces.
12. Seized in the August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion; as of August 2024 Ukraine claims occupation encompasses 82 settlements near Russian-Ukrainian border, the largest being Sudzha.
13. ^ The West Bank (including East Jerusalem) was occupied by Jordan and the Gaza Strip was occupied by Egypt from 1948 to 1967, and have been occupied by Israel since 1967. The State of Palestine, which claims these territories, was not founded until 1988 (see Palestinian Declaration of Independence). The State of Palestine is, as of November 2015, recognised by 136 countries and is also a United Nations non-member observer.
14. Seized during the Six-Day War from Jordan; effectively annexed in 1980 via the Jerusalem Law.
15. The West Bank was seized during the Six-Day War from Jordan, and is administered by the Israeli Civil Administration. The Oslo II Accord, officially signed on 28 September 1995, divided the West Bank into the Area C administered by Israel and the Area A and B administered by the Palestinian National Authority.
    
    The Gaza Strip was seized during the Six-Day War from Egypt. In 2005, Israel disengaged its military forces from the strip and no longer considers itself to be occupying the territory. Gaza's border crossings with Israel and maritime and air space are controlled by Israel. As of 2012, the United Nations "continue to refer to the Gaza Strip as part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory until such time as either the General Assembly or the Security Council take a different view."
16. Still considered occupied despite the 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza. The system of control imposed by Israel has been described as an "indirect occupation". Some other legal scholars have disputed the idea that Israel still occupies Gaza.
17. Seized during the Six-Day War; effectively annexed in 1981 via the Golan Heights Law. Lebanon also claims the Shebaa farms and sees the territory as being under Israeli occupation.
18. See American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War.
19. See Turkish military intervention in Syria and Syrian Civil War.
20. See Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war and Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present).
21. See Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war and Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present).
22. Seized during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus; administered as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a state with limited international recognition
23. May and November 2021
24. September 2022
25. Seized during the Western Sahara War; de facto annexed; administered as the Southern Provinces; claimed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a state with limited international recognition.
26. Most of the Allies had withdrawn by 1920, Japan continued to occupy Northern Sakhalin until 1925.
27. On 17 June 1944, Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic.
28. On 7 July 1941, the defence of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the United States.
29. de facto Vichy France
30. Occupied the rest of France from 1942
31. de facto Vichy France
32. ^ On March 26, 1949, the US department of State issued a circular letter stating that the Baltic countries were still independent nations with their own diplomatic representatives and consuls.
33. ^ From the Welles Declaration of July 23, 1940, "that we would not recognise the occupation, the United States acted with a consistency and a tenacity of which we can all be proud. We housed the exiled Baltic diplomatic delegations. We accredited their diplomats. We flew their flags in the State Department's Hall of Flags. We never recognised in deed or word or symbol the illegal occupation of their lands."
34. A status of forces agreement was signed in December 1956 to formally regulate the position of Soviet troops in Poland, which had been there since the end of the Second World War. After the end of the country's Soviet-backed Communist regime in 1989, the last Soviet contingent would leave the country in 1993.
35. A status of forces agreement was signed in 1947 to regulate the position of Soviet troops in Hungary, which was further confirmed by Hungary's later membership in Comecon in 1949. Soviet troops would remain stationed in Hungary until 1991.
36. The Tokara Islands were restored to Japan in 1952. The Amami Islands were restored in 1953.
37. The All-Palestine Government was de facto controlled by Egypt. Formal occupation occurred only from 1959 to 1967 after that government was dissolved.
38. Israel withdrew from Taba in 1989.
39. Government control ended with the Velvet Revolution in late 1989, and stationed Soviet troops departed peacefully over 1990–1991.
40. Occupation of Afghanistan by the U.S.-led NATO ended on June 18, 2002 following the 2002 loya jirga that established the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan. From June 19, 2002, U.S.-led NATO forces operated in Afghanistan with the consent of the new Afghan government.
41. Occupation of Iraq by the U.S.-led Coalition ended on June 28, 2004 when the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) handed back control of Iraq to the Iraqi Interim Government as mandated by UN Resolution 1546. From June 29, 2004, U.S.-led Coalition forces operated in Iraq with the consent of the new Iraqi government.
42. These oblasts of Ukraine were all partially occupied by Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, these oblasts were eventually relinquished after several weeks. On the other hand, Russia has also occupied (parts of) Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts during the same invasion, eventually annexing them (including uncontrolled parts) in September–October 2022. Additionally, amid the 2022 annexation, Russia streamlined two small parts of Mykolaiv Oblast into Kherson Oblast, namely the city of Snihurivka and its surroundings, as well as the outer portion of the Kinburn Peninsula. Earlier, Russia occupied and annexed Crimea (including Sevastopol) in 2014, which was also previously administered by Ukraine.
43. See Russian occupation of Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Sumy, and Zhytomyr Oblasts.
44. The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, the site of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986, was captured by Russia during the 2022 invasion. Most of Chernobyl EZ lies within Kyiv Oblast (and partially within Zhytomyr Oblast), but it is off-limits to civilians. Chernobyl EZ was retaken by Ukraine in March–April 2022.
45. Snake Island, which is administratively part of Odesa Oblast and located in the Black Sea, was captured by Russia at the beginning of the invasion, on 24 February 2022. Snake Island was retaken by Ukraine on 30 June 2022.
46. Russia still controls a small part of Kharkiv Oblast, which it has not officially annexed.

References

1. "Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV); October 18, 1907". Archived from the original on 1999-02-25. Retrieved June 20, 2015 – via The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School.
2. Bracka, J. (2021). Transitional Justice for Palestine: Truth-Telling and Empathy in Ongoing Conflict. Springer series in transitional justice. Springer International Publishing AG. ISBN 978-3-030-89435-1. Today, the widely accepted definition of occupation is 'the effective control of a power (be it one or more states or an international organization, such as the United Nations) over a territory to which that power has no sovereign title, without the volition of the sovereign of that territory'
3. ^ Duval, A.; Kassoti, E. (2020). The Legality of Economic Activities in Occupied Territories: International, EU Law and Business and Human Rights Perspectives. Routledge Research in International Economic Law. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-08873-1. In the West Bank, Israel pays lip service to the notion of a temporary occupation that is to be brought to an end by negotiation but in practice it has de facto annexed large portions of the territory under the pretext of security – as evidenced by the Wall in Palestinian territory – or by the settling of some 400,000 of its own citizens in the territory. In most cases today, however, the occupying power has formally annexed the territory in question. This is illustrated by the cases of Israel's annexations of East Jerusalem and the Golan, Morocco's annexation of Western Sahara and Russia's annexation of the Crimea. Alternatively, the occupying power has established a puppet regime that claims to be the TRNC, Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
4. Peter Bursens; Christ'l De Landtsheer; Luc Braeckmans; Barbara Segaert, eds. (2016). Complex Political Decision-Making: Leadership, Legitimacy and Communication. Taylor & Francis. p. 170. ISBN 9781315453521.
5. Geiß, Robin (2015). "Russia's Annexation of Crimea: The Mills of International Law Grind Slowly but They Do Grind". International Law Studies. 91. the Stockton Center for the Study of International Law. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
6. ^ Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO 2015, p. 15: "Territory may further be controlled by an armed group. This could be a rebel group which wants to take over control of the government of the state in question or it could be a group that wants to secede from the state and form a new state or have the territory transferred to another state. There is no term in international law for such territory. In some cases, the armed group in power in such a territory may be under the control of or under the influence of a foreign power. As has been held by the European Court of Human Rights, Turkey is legally responsible for human rights violations committed in the non-recognised 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' (TRNC). It is possible that the situation is similar in the self-proclaimed peoples' republics in Donetsk and Lugansk."
7. ^ "Russian-held parts of Ukraine's Mykolaiv region to be incorporated in Russian-held Kherson". Reuters. 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
8. Special Kherson Cat 🐈🇺🇦 (10 November 2022). "Snihurivka, Mykolaiv oblast - liberated 10/11/2022 https://t.co/eZSRD5c3uV" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022 – via Twitter.
9. "Russia-Ukraine war live: Kyiv sceptical of Moscow's retreat from Kherson; US general estimates 100,000 Russian military casualties". the Guardian. 2022-11-10. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
10. "Ukraine liberates all of Mykolaiv Oblast, Zelenskyy admin considers slashing ministries". 11 November 2022.
11. ТРУХА⚡️English (11 November 2022). "The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has published a map where the entire Western bank of the Kherson region is no longer occupied by Russians https://t.co/K6CM40k9Tx" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022 – via Twitter.
12. ТРУХА⚡️English (12 November 2022). "The Kinburn peninsula, or as it is also called, the Kinburn Spit, remains the only not yet liberated territory in the Mykolaiv region, is the goal of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, "combat work is underway" on this occasion, - Natalia Humeniuk In addition, she promised good news🤞 https://t.co/6MhK3yHLO8" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022 – via Twitter.
13. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-opens-military-office-occupied-kursk-region-says-it-is-still-advancing-2024-08-15/
14. "Israeli troops reach deepest point in Lebanon since Oct. 1 invasion, Lebanese media say". AP. 16 November 2024.
15. "Israel plans 1,300 East Jerusalem Jewish settler homes". BBC News. 9 November 2010. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
16. "Chapter 12: The status of Jerusalem" (PDF). The Question of Palestine & the United Nations (Brochure). United Nations Department of Public Information. March 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2003-09-02.
17. "Israeli authorities back 600 new East Jerusalem homes". BBC News. 26 February 2010. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
18. "United Nations Security Council Resolution 298 (1971) of 25 September 1971". Archived from the original on 2013-08-19.
19. See also: Jordanian annexation of the West Bank
20. See also: Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip
21. "Palestinian territories - Timeline". BBC News. 8 July 2015. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
22. "Amid violence, 'glaring lack of hope,' UN deputy chief urges action to break Israeli-Palestinian impasse". UN News. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
23. ^ Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO 2015, p. 14: "An occupied territory may also be illegally annexed Annexation means that the territory is incorporated into another state and is being regarded by that state as a part of its territory. Among contemporary examples, one finds the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem, Western Sahara and Crimea. Under current international law, annexation can only be carried out after a peace treaty, and preferably after a referendum. Annexations which do not correspond to this requirement – like those just mentioned – are illegal."
24. Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (PDF) (Advisory opinion). Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders. International Court of Justice. 2004. ISBN 92-1-070993-4. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
25. Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO 2015, p. 14: "Territory over which a foreign power has taken control is occupied. An occupation is supposed to be a temporary status, but current reality shows that territory may be occupied for decades; the West Bank and Gaza have been occupied for 48 years."
26. "Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General". United Nations. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
27. • Sanger, Andrew (2011). "The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla". In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. doi:10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14. ISBN 978-90-6704-811-8. Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it is neither a Stale nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel, but rather it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However the Plan also provided that Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian-Gaza border. and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will.
      Israel continues to control six of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings. Troops from the Israeli Defence Force regularly enter pans of the territory and/or deploy missile attacks, drones and sonic bombs into Gaza. Israel has declared a no-go buffer zone that stretches deep into Gaza: if Gazans enter this zone they are shot on sight. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications and other utilities, currency, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000 aside from a limited number of exceptions Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry.
      It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.
    • Scobbie, Iain (2012). Elizabeth Wilmshurst (ed.). International Law and the Classification of Conflicts. Oxford University Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-19-965775-9. Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.
    • Gawerc, Michelle (2012). Prefiguring Peace: Israeli–Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships. Lexington Books. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-7391-6610-9. While Israel withdrew from the immediate territory, Israel still controlled all access to and from Gaza through the border crossings, as well as through the coastline and the airspace. In addition, Gaza was dependent upon Israel for water, electricity, sewage, communication networks, and for its trade (Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). ln other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement, Palestinians—as well as many human right organizations and international bodies—argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.
28. Slater, Jerome (October 2012). "Just War Moral Philosophy and the 2008–09 Israeli Campaign in Gaza" (PDF). International Security. 37 (2): 44–80. doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00098. S2CID 57565733. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-24. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
29. Samson, Elizabeth (2010). "Is Gaza Occupied?: Redefining the Status of Gaza Under International Law" (PDF). American University International Law Review. 25 (915): 915–967. Retrieved 6 December 2024. Although the United Nations still maintains that Gaza is occupied, under both the literal and interpreted applications of the definition of occupation—characterized by what is termed "effective control"—Gaza is not occupied territory pursuant to the standards set forth in international law and doctrine.
30. Bell, Abraham; Kontorovich, Eugene (8 March 2016). "Palestine, Uti Possidetis Juris and the Borders of Israel" (PDF). Arizona Law Review. 58: 633–692. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
31. Sebutinde, Julia (19 July 2024). "Dissenting opinion of Vice-President Sebutinde" (PDF). UN International Court of Justice. Retrieved 6 December 2024. The Court has misapplied the law of belligerent occupation and has adopted presumptions implicit in the question of the General Assembly without a prior critical analysis of relevant issues, including the application of the principle of uti possidetis juris to the territory of the former British Mandate, the question of Israel's borders and its competing sovereignty claims, the nature of the Palestinian right of self-determination and its relationship to Israel's own rights and security concerns.
32. • "The international community maintains that the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void and without international legal effect." International Labour Office (2009). The Situation of Workers of the Occupied Arab Territories. Geneva: International Labour Office. p. 23. ISBN 978-92-2-120630-9.
    • In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the "occupied Syrian Golan" that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. ("General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees" (Press release). United Nations. 5 December 2008.)
    • " the Golan Heights, a 450-square mile portion of southwestern Syria that Israel occupied during the 1967 Arab–Israeli war." Also, " the Syrian Golan Heights territory, which Israel has occupied since 1967". (Prados, Alfred B. (19 January 2006). "CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. pp. 3, 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-03-23.)
33. Occupied territory:
    • " Israeli-occupied Golan Heights " (Central Intelligence Agency (2009). CIA World Factbook 2010. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 339. ISBN 978-1-60239-727-9. OCCUPIED GOLAN.)
    • " the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal " (Mark, Clyde R. (5 April 2002). "CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2003-04-24.)
    • " Occupied Golan Heights." ("Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories travel advice". UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 5 August 2010. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010.)
    • "In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory " ("ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007". International Committee of the Red Cross. 24 April 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-11-13.)
34. Korman, Sharon (1996). The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice. Oxford University Press. p. 265. ISBN 0-19-828007-6. The continued occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights is recognized by many states as valid and consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter, on a self-defence basis. Israel, on this view, would be entitled to exact as a condition of withdrawal from the territory the imposition of security measures of an indefinite character—such as perpetual demilitarization, or the emplacement of a United Nations force—which would ensure, or tend to ensure, that the territory would not be used against it for aggression on future occasions. But the notion that Israel is entitled to claim any status other than that of belligerent occupant in the territory which it occupies, or to act beyond the strict bounds laid down in the Fourth Geneva Convention, has been universally rejected by the international community—no less by the United States than by any other state.
35. "Trump signs decree recognizing Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights". Reuters. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
36. "Israel says it will impose 'sterile' zone in southern Syria". Al Jazeera. 10 December 2024.
37. ^ "Syria vows to fight against 'occupiers' US, Turkey, Israel". Middle East Monitor. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
38. Kajjo, Sirwan (2 March 2017). "Skirmishes Mar Fight Against IS in Northern Syria". Voice of America. Turkish occupation "is an existential threat to the Assad government's ability to reclaim the entirety of its territory, which is a key argument that regime loyalists make in their support of Bashar al-Assad's government," Heras said.
39. Fisk, Robert (29 March 2017). "In northern Syria, defeated Isis fighters leave behind only scorched earth, trenches – and a crucifixion stand". The Independent. You can't mistake the front line between the Syrian army and Turkey's occupation force east of Aleppo.
40. "Afrin's Syrian Kurds Continue to Pay Price of Turkey's Occupation". The Defense Post. 15 September 2021.
41. UN Security Council resolutions 353, 357, 358, 359, 360, and 365.
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48. Feldbrugge, F. J. M.; Van den Berg, G. P.; Simons, William B., eds. (1985). Encyclopedia of Soviet Law (2nd revised ed.). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht. p. 461. ISBN 90-247-3075-9.
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50. ^ "Far East (Formosa and the Pescadores)". Hansard. 540 (cc1870–4). U.K. Parliament. May 4, 1955. Retrieved 2010-09-01. The sovereignty was Japanese until 1952. The Japanese Treaty came into force, and at that time Formosa was being administered by the Chinese Nationalists, to whom it was entrusted in 1945, as a military occupation.
51. Chapman 2013, pp. 30–31.
52. Benvenisti, Eyal (2012-02-23). The International Law of Occupation. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-958889-3.
53. Cohen, Stephen P. (1987). The Security of South Asia: American and Asian Perspectives. University of Illinois Press. pp. 38, 40.
54. The Missing Peace - The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace (2004), by Dennis Ross. ISBN 978-0-374-52980-2. pp 584-585
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