Revision as of 14:42, 29 May 2010 edit67.189.247.220 (talk) →Storm names← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 00:00, 24 December 2024 edit undoStormHunterBryante5467 (talk | contribs)356 edits #5 | ||
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{{Short description|none}} | |||
<!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see ] --> | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2019}} | |||
{{Infobox hurricane season | {{Infobox hurricane season | ||
| Basin=EPac | | Basin=EPac | ||
| Year=2010 | | Year=2010 | ||
| Track=2010 Pacific hurricane season summary map.png | |||
| First storm formed=May 29 | |||
| |
| First storm formed=May 29, 2010 | ||
| |
| Last storm dissipated=December 21, 2010 | ||
| Strongest storm |
| Strongest storm name=] | ||
| Strongest storm |
| Strongest storm pressure=921 | ||
| Strongest storm winds=140 | |||
| Total depressions=1 | |||
| Average wind speed=1 | |||
| Total storms=0 | |||
| Total depressions=13 | |||
<!-- | |||
| Total storms=8 (record low, tied with ]) | |||
| Total hurricanes= | |||
| Total |
| Total hurricanes=3 (record low) | ||
| Total intense=2 | |||
| Damagespre=~ | |||
| ACE Index=52.0 | |||
| Damages= | |||
| Damages=1620 | |||
| Fatalities= | |||
| Damagespost=Fifth-costliest ] season on record | |||
| five seasons=], ], '''2010''', ] | |||
| Fatalities=268 total | |||
| Season timeline=<!--Timeline of the 2010 Pacific hurricane season--> | |||
| five seasons=], ], '''2010''', ], ] | |||
| Season timeline=Timeline of the 2010 Pacific hurricane season | |||
|Atlantic season=2010 Atlantic hurricane season | |||
|West Pacific season=2010 Pacific typhoon season | |||
|North Indian season=2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''2010 Pacific hurricane season''' was the least active Pacific hurricane season on record (reliable records began in ]), tied with ]. The season accumulated the second-fewest ] units on record, as many of the ] were weak and short-lived. Altogether, only three of the season's eight ] strengthened into hurricanes. Of those, two became major hurricanes, with one, ], reaching ] intensity on the ] scale. Despite the inactivity, however, it was the costliest Pacific hurricane season on record at the time, mostly due to ]. The season officially began on May 15 in the eastern North Pacific (east ]) and on June 1 in the central North Pacific (from 140°W to the ]). It ended in both regions on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most ] occurs in these regions of the Pacific. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year, as evidenced by the formation of Tropical Storm Omeka on December 19. | |||
The '''2010 Pacific hurricane season''' is an event in the annual cycle of ] formation. It officially started May 15, 2010 for the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 2010 for the central Pacific. These dates delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones tend to form in the basin. | |||
The first system of the season, Agatha, developed on May 29 near the coast of Guatemala. In the second week of June, a sudden spree of tropical cyclones developed, and between June 16 and 22, four cyclones formed, including the two major hurricanes of the season, Celia and Darby, the first of which reached Category 5 intensity. This near-record activity was a reversal from the ], when no storm formed until June 18. Following this activity, July saw zero named storms. In August and September only 2 tropical storms and one hurricane formed. ] caused a great deal of flooding in southern Mexico, causing millions of dollars in damage, as well as causing over 50 deaths and $500 million in damage in areas of ] and ]. Tropical Storm Omeka was a rare ]. | |||
==Seasonal forecasts== | |||
{| class="toccolours" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:right;" | |||
== Seasonal forecasts == | |||
|+'''Predictions of tropical activity in the 2010 season <br />for the Eastern North Pacific''' | |||
{| class="toccolours" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:right; clear: right;" | |||
|+'''Predictions of tropical activity in the 2010 season''' | |||
|- style="background:#ccccff" | |- style="background:#ccccff" | ||
|align="center"|'''Source''' | |align="center"|'''Source''' | ||
|align="center"|'''Date''' | |align="center"|'''Date''' | ||
|align="center"|'''< |
|align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Named<br />storms</span>''' | ||
|align="center"|'''< |
|align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Hurricanes</span>''' | ||
|align="center"|'''< |
|align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Major<br />hurricanes</span>''' | ||
|align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Ref</span>''' | |||
|- | |||
|align="left"|] | |||
|align="left"|''Average''<ref name="NOAA May">{{cite web| author=Climate Prediction Center, ]| date=May 21, 2009| title= NOAA: 2008 Tropical Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Outlook| publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate=June 11, 2009|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5hSA3PQ4z}}</ref> | |||
|15.3 | |||
|8.8 | |||
|4.2 | |||
|- | |||
|align="left"|NOAA | |||
|align="left"|''1995-2008 average''<ref name="NOAA May"/> | |||
|14 | |||
|7 | |||
|3 | |||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center" colspan="2"|''Average <span style="font-size: 80%;">(1981–2010)</span>'' || 15.4 || 8.4 || 3.9 ||<ref name="Background">{{cite web|url=http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Epac_hurr/background_information.html|title=Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=Climate Prediction Center|access-date=September 26, 2013}}</ref> | |||
|align="left"|NOAA<ref name="NOAA May"/> | |||
|align="left"|27 May 2010 | |||
|9 - 15 | |||
|4 - 8 | |||
|1 - 3 | |||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center" colspan="2"|''Record high activity'' | |align="center" colspan="2"|''Record high activity'' | ||
|] | |] | ||
|] (] |
|] (tie) | ||
|] | |||
| |
|{{EPAC hurricane best track}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center" colspan="2"|''Record low activity'' | |align="center" colspan="2"|''Record low activity'' | ||
|] | |] (tie) | ||
|3 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |] (]) | ||
|<ref name="HURDAT"/> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|<hr> | |||
|colspan="5" align="center"|–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– | |||
|- | |||
|align="left"|NOAA | |||
|align="left"|May 27, 2010 | |||
|9–15 | |||
|4–8 | |||
|1–3 | |||
|<ref name="May2010NOAA">{{cite web|title=NOAA Predicts Below Normal Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20100527_pacifichurricanes.html|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=May 27, 2010|access-date=September 26, 2013}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|<hr> | |||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"| | |align="left"| | ||
|align="left"|'''Actual activity''' | |align="left"|'''Actual activity'''<br> | ||
| | |8 | ||
| | |3 | ||
| | |2 | ||
|} | |} | ||
On May 19, 2010, the ] (NOAA) released their forecast for the 2010 Central Pacific hurricane season, which would start on June 1. They expected two or three cyclones to form in or enter the region throughout the season, below the average of four or five storms. The below-average activity forecast was based on two factors: the first was the continuance of a period of decreased activity in the central Pacific; and second, the effects of a ] (ENSO) or ], both of which reduce cyclone activity in the region. However, in light of the near-miss of ] the previous year, forecasters at the ] gave the public a basic message for the 2010 season, "''Prepare! Watch! Act!''".<ref>{{cite web|author=Delores Clark|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=May 19, 2010|access-date=June 24, 2010|title=NOAA Expects Below Normal Central Pacific Hurricane Season|url=http://www.weather.gov/hawaii/pages/examples/2010cphc.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613125730/http://www.weather.gov/hawaii/pages/examples/2010cphc.pdf|archive-date=June 13, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
On May 27, 2010, ] released their forecast for the 2010 Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific hurricane seasons. They predicted a below-normal level of activity in the Eastern Pacific, with 9 to 15 named storms, of which 4 to 8 were expected to become hurricanes, and 1 to 3 expected to become major hurricanes. <ref name="NOAAPrediction">{{cite web|url=http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/Epac_hurr/Epac_hurricane.html|title=2010 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Outlook|author=Gerald Bell |coauthors=Jae Schemm, Eric Blake, Todd Kimberlain, and Christopher Landsea |archivedate=2010-05-29 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5q5TZ41Ky |date=May 27, 2010|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=28 May 2010}}</ref> | |||
On May 27, 12 days after the official start of the 2010 eastern Pacific hurricane season, NOAA released their forecast for the basin. Similar to the forecast for the central Pacific, below-average activity was expected, with nine to fifteen ] forming, four to eight of which would become hurricanes and a further one to three would become major hurricanes. This lessened activity was based on the same two factors as the central Pacific, decreased activity since ] and the ENSO event. Overall, NOAA stated there was a 75% chance of below-average activity, 20% of near-normal and only a 5% chance of above-average due to a strong La Niña.<ref name="NOAAPrediction">{{cite web |url=http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/Epac_hurr/Epac_hurricane.html |title=2010 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Outlook |author=Gerald Bell |author2=Jae Schemm |author3=Eric Blake |author4=Todd Kimberlain |author5=Christopher Landsea |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527123742/http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/Epac_hurr/Epac_hurricane.html |date=May 27, 2010 |publisher=] |access-date=May 28, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
{{Clear}} | |||
== Seasonal summary == | |||
{{For timeline}} | |||
{{center|<timeline> | |||
ImageSize = width:800 height:215 | |||
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 | |||
Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 | |||
AlignBars = early | |||
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy | |||
Period = from:01/05/2010 till:31/01/2011 | |||
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal | |||
ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/05/2010 | |||
Colors = | |||
id:canvas value:gray(0.88) | |||
id:GP value:red | |||
id:TD value:rgb(0.43,0.76,0.92) legend:Tropical_Depression_=_≤38_mph_(≤62_km/h) | |||
id:TS value:rgb(0.3,1,1) legend:Tropical_Storm_=_39–73_mph_(63–117_km/h) | |||
id:C1 value:rgb(1,1,0.85) legend:Category_1_=_74–95_mph_(118–153_km/h) | |||
id:C2 value:rgb(1,0.85,0.55) legend:Category_2_=_96–110_mph_(154–177_km/h) | |||
id:C3 value:rgb(1,0.62,0.35) legend:Category_3_=_111–129_mph_(178–208_km/h) | |||
id:C4 value:rgb(1,0.45,0.54) legend:Category_4_=_130–156_mph_(209–251_km/h) | |||
id:C5 value:rgb(0.55,0.46,0.90) legend:Category_5_=_≥157_mph_(≥252_km/h) | |||
Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas | |||
BarData = | |||
barset:Hurricane | |||
bar:Month | |||
PlotData= | |||
barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till | |||
from:29/05/2010 till:30/05/2010 color:TS text:"]" | |||
from:16/06/2010 till:17/06/2010 color:TD text:"Two-E (TD)" | |||
from:17/06/2010 till:21/06/2010 color:TS text:"Blas (TS)" | |||
from:18/06/2010 till:28/06/2010 color:C5 text:"]" | |||
from:23/06/2010 till:28/06/2010 color:C3 text:"Darby (C3)" | |||
from:14/07/2010 till:16/07/2010 color:TD text:"Six-E (TD)" | |||
from:06/08/2010 till:10/08/2010 color:TS text:"Estelle (TS)" | |||
from:20/08/2010 till:21/08/2010 color:TD text:"Eight-E (TD)" | |||
barset:break | |||
from:21/08/2010 till:28/08/2010 color:C1 text:"]" | |||
from:03/09/2010 till:04/09/2010 color:TD text:"Ten-E (TD)" | |||
from:03/09/2010 till:04/09/2010 color:TD text:"]" | |||
from:20/09/2010 till:23/09/2010 color:TS text:"]" | |||
from:20/12/2010 till:21/12/2010 color:TS text:"Omeka (TS)" | |||
bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas | |||
from:01/05/2010 till:31/05/2010 text:May | |||
from:01/06/2010 till:30/06/2010 text:June | |||
from:01/07/2010 till:31/07/2010 text:July | |||
from:01/08/2010 till:31/08/2010 text:August | |||
from:01/09/2010 till:30/09/2010 text:September | |||
from:01/10/2010 till:31/10/2010 text:October | |||
from:01/11/2010 till:30/11/2010 text:November | |||
from:01/12/2010 till:31/12/2010 text:December | |||
from:01/01/2011 till:31/01/2011 text:January 2011 | |||
TextData = | |||
pos:(570,30) | |||
text:"(From the" | |||
pos:(618,30) | |||
text:"])" | |||
</timeline> | |||
}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; float:right;" | |||
|+'''Activity by month compared to averages'''<ref name="MWR">{{cite journal|author1=Stacy R. Stewart |author2=John P. Cangialosi|journal=Monthly Weather Review|date=September 2012|volume=140|issue=9|publisher=]|title=Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2010|doi=10.1175/MWR-D-11-00152.1|pages=2,769–2,781|bibcode = 2012MWRv..140.2769S |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1234609|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref group="nb">Values are only for the Eastern Pacific (east of ]).</ref> | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
!rowspan=2| '''Month''' | |||
!colspan=3| '''Actual activity vs. Averages'''<ref group="nb">Storm averages are those in parentheses.</ref> | |||
!colspan=2| '''ACE'''<ref group="nb">Percentage of average ACE through the end of the month</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| '''Storms''' | |||
| '''Hurricanes''' | |||
| '''Major''' | |||
| '''Month''' | |||
| '''Year''' | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| May<ref>{{cite web|author=Hurricane Specialists Unit|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=June 1, 2010|access-date=June 22, 2015|title=Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for May 2010|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSEP_may.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> | |||
| 1 (0–1) | |||
| 0 (0) | |||
| 0 (0) | |||
| – | |||
| – | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| June<ref name="JuneTWS"/> | |||
| 3 (2) | |||
| 2 (1) | |||
| 2 (0–1) | |||
| >300% | |||
| >300% | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| July<ref name="JulTWS"/> | |||
| 0 (3–4) | |||
| 0 (2) | |||
| 0 (1) | |||
| 0% | |||
| 107% | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| August<ref name="AugTWS">{{cite web|author=Robbie Berg|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=September 1, 2010|access-date=June 22, 2015|title=Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for August 2010|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSEP_aug.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> | |||
| 2 (4) | |||
| 1 (2) | |||
| 0 (1) | |||
| 40% | |||
| 75% | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| September<ref name="SepTWS">{{cite web|author=Michael J. Brennan|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=October 1, 2010|access-date=June 22, 2015|title=Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for September 2010|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSEP_sep.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> | |||
| 1 (3) | |||
| 0 (2) | |||
| 0 (1) | |||
| <5% | |||
| 46% | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| October<ref name="OctTWS"/> | |||
| 0 (2) | |||
| 0 (1) | |||
| 0 (0-1) | |||
| 0% | |||
| 48% | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| November<ref name="NovTWS">{{cite web|author=Hurricane Specialists Unit|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=December 1, 2010|access-date=June 22, 2015|title=Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for November 2010|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSEP_nov.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> | |||
| 0 (0-1) | |||
| 0 (0) | |||
| 0 (0) | |||
| 0% | |||
| ~46% | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| '''Total'''<ref name="MWR"/> | |||
| 7 (15) | |||
| 3 (9) | |||
| 2 (4) | |||
| – | |||
| ~46% | |||
|} | |||
===Background=== | |||
The ] (ACE) index for the 2010 Pacific hurricane season (Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific combined) as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the National Hurricane Center was 51.2 units.{{#tag:ref|The total represents the sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for every (sub)tropical storm's intensity of over 33 knots (38 mph, 61 km/h), divided by 10,000 while they are above that threshold; therefore, tropical depressions are not included.|group="nb"}}<ref>{{cite web| title=Basin Archives: Northeast Pacific Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics|url=http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/Realtime/index.php?arch&loc=northeastpacific|publisher=Colorado State University|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|access-date=July 8, 2022}}</ref> This ranked as the second-quietest since 1966. The vast majority of the ACE stemmed from Hurricanes Celia and Darby, which collectively accounted for roughly 70 percent of the seasonal total.<ref name="MWR"/> | |||
Continuing a trend of below-average activity that began in ], the 2010 season was quiet as expected. The Eastern Pacific proper saw record-low numbers of named storms and hurricanes, with only seven and three respectively forming.<ref name="MWR"/> Inclusive of the Central Pacific, the basin tied its record low activity of eight named storms set in ].<ref name="HURDAT">{{cite web|work=Hurricane Research Division |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |date=July 2014 |access-date=June 22, 2015 |title=Northeast Pacific hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2) |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/tracks-hurdat2-epac-1949-2013-jul14.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521024144/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/tracks-hurdat2-epac-1949-2013-jul14.html |archive-date=May 21, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="CPac PPT">{{cite web|author=Raymond Tanabe|publisher=Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology|date=February 28, 2011|access-date=March 8, 2011|title=Review of the 2010 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season and Preliminary Verification|url=http://www.ofcm.gov/ihc11/Presentations/Session02%20-%20Season%20in%20Review/s02-04CPHC_2011_IHC.pptx|format=]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172202/http://www.ofcm.gov/ihc11/Presentations/Session02%20-%20Season%20in%20Review/s02-04CPHC_2011_IHC.pptx|archive-date=July 18, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
Inactivity was largely attributed to a moderately strong ] event which resulted in below-average ]s across the basin. Another major factor limiting storm formation was the eastward displacement of ] ]. The displacement of this feature brought conditions that favor tropical development closer to the rugged terrain of Mexico and Central America, a factor known to disrupt low-level circulations. Accordingly, six of the seven named storms in the Eastern Pacific proper formed east of 106°W, four of which originated over the ] where the greatest depth of warm waters were restricted to. A final limiting factor was above-average ] across much of the basin east of 130°W and north of 10°N.<ref name="MWR"/> | |||
The record inactivity experienced in the Northeastern Pacific also took place in the ]. Since reliable records began in the 1970s, there has been no precedent for both basins experiencing exceptionally low tropical cyclone formation. Moreover, this general lack of storm formation was reflected in all cyclone basins except the Atlantic. On average, the Northeastern Pacific accounts for 16 percent of the world's storms; however, during 2010, it accounted for roughly 10 percent (7 out of 67 cyclones).<ref>{{cite web|author=Jeff Masters|publisher=Weather Underground|date=April 4, 2011|access-date=April 4, 2011|title=The global tropical cyclone season of 2010: record inactivity|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1776}}</ref> | |||
{{Least ACE Pacific hurricane seasons|align=right}} | |||
===Early to peak intensity=== | |||
{{List of costliest Pacific hurricane seasons|align=left}} | |||
The season began with record-high activity, featuring two ] in June. ACE values exceeded 300 percent of the long-term mean, though most was due to ] ].<ref name="JuneTWS">{{cite web|author=Eric S. Blake|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=July 1, 2010|access-date=June 22, 2010|title=Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for June 2010|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSEP_jun.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Hurricane Celia was also the second-earliest forming storm of that intensity during the course of a season, surpassed only by ] in ].<ref name="HURDAT"/> The month featured an ACE value of 37.22, eclipsing the previous record set in ].<ref name="JuneTWS"/> Furthermore, Darby was the earliest second major hurricane of a season, eclipsing ];<ref name="DarbyD12">{{cite web|author=Eric S. Blake|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=June 25, 2010|access-date=June 22, 2015|title=Hurricane Darby Discussion Number 12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/ep05/ep052010.discus.012.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> however, this has since been surpassed by ] in 2014, ] in 2015, and ] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric S. Blake|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=August 21, 2014|access-date=June 22, 2015|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Cristina|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP032014_Cristina}}|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref><ref name="BlancaD12">{{cite web|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Hurricane Blanca Advisory Number 12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2015/ep02/ep022015.discus.012.shtml|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=June 3, 2015|access-date=June 22, 2015|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> This activity abruptly halted and languished throughout the month of July.<ref name="MWR"/> No named storms developed during the month, marking the first such occurrence since ]. However, due to the activity in June, ACE value for the season by the start of August remained slightly above normal, roughly 107 percent the yearly mean.<ref name="JulTWS">{{cite web|author1=Stacey R. Stewart |author2=Todd B. Kimberlain |author3=Jack L. Beven |work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=August 1, 2010|access-date=June 22, 2015|title=Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for July 2010|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSEP_jul.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> | |||
===Late activity=== | |||
Through the remainder of the season, the basin observed record low activity with only three additional named storms developing.<ref name="OctTWS">{{cite web|author1=Todd B. Kimberlain |author2=Eric S. Blake |author3=Stacy R. Stewart |author4=Robbie Berg |work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=November 1, 2010|access-date=June 22, 2015|title=Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for October 2010|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSEP_oct.shtml|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Since Omeka was the first storm in the Central Pacific during the year, it marked the latest start to a season since reliable records began, excluding seasons with no storms.<ref name=OmekaTCR/>{{EPAC hurricane best track}}<ref>{{cite web|author1=Samuel H. Houston |author2=Robert Ballard |author3=Kevin Kodama |author4=Raymond M. Tanabe |publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center |date=December 1, 2010 |access-date=December 20, 2010 |title=Tropical Weather Summary for the Central North Pacific |url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/pages/TWS.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002014459/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/pages/TWS.php |archive-date=October 2, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
== |
== Systems == | ||
===Tropical |
=== Tropical Storm Agatha === | ||
{{Infobox hurricane |
{{Infobox hurricane small | ||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|name=Tropical Depression One-E | |||
|Image=Agatha 2010-05-29 1705Z.jpg | |||
|time=5 a.m. ] (1200 ]) May 29<!-- SAME DAY, PDT AND UTC: TIME PDT (TIME UTC) DATE. DIFFERENT DAYS, PDT AND UTC: TIME PDT DATE PDT (TIME UTC DATE UTC) ///NOTICE THE DATE UTC INSIDE THE PARENTHESIS NOT OUTSIDE--> | |||
|Track=Agatha 2010 track.png | |||
|category=depression | |||
|Formed=May 29 | |||
|type=tropical depression | |||
|Dissipated=May 30 | |||
|image= | |||
|1-min winds=40 | |||
|track=01E 2010 5day.gif | track_width=170px | track_topcaption = <font/> | |||
|Pressure=1001 | |||
|location=] ] ± 30 nm<br />About 490 mi (785 km) ] of ] | |||
|1sustained=30 ] {{!}} 35 ] {{!}} 55 ] | |||
|gusts=40 knots {{!}} 45 mph {{!}} 75 km/h | |||
|pressure=1005 ] (]) {{!}} 29.68 ] | |||
|movement=] at 4 kt {{!}} 5 mph {{!}} 7 km/h | |||
|sectnum=1 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{main|Tropical Storm Agatha}} | |||
Early May 29, the season's first tropical depression consolidated near the ]. Large-scale southwesterly flow prompted the system to move slowly northeast. ] data indicated the depression soon strengthened into a tropical storm, at which time it was ] ''Agatha''. Attaining peak winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, Agatha soon made ] late on May 29 near ], ], just south of the border with Mexico. Once onshore, the mountainous terrain of Guatemala caused the storm to quickly dissipate early on May 30.<ref name="Agatha">{{cite web|author=John L. Beven II|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=January 10, 2011|access-date=June 27, 2015|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Agatha|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP012010_Agatha}}|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> | |||
Although a weak tropical cyclone, Agatha brought torrential rainfall to much of Central America.<ref>{{cite news|author=Juan Carlos Llorca |agency=Associated Press |work=Yahoo! News |date=May 31, 2010 |access-date=June 21, 2010 |title=Tropical Storm Agatha kills 142 in Central America |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100531/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/tropical_weather |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618185638/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100531/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/tropical_weather |archive-date=June 18, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daily accumulations peaked at {{convert|16.78|in|mm|abbr=on}} in Montufar, ] and {{convert|483|mm|in|abbr=on|disp=flip}} in ], ].<ref name="Agatha"/><ref name="AgathaElSalvador">{{cite web|publisher=United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean|date=June 2010|access-date=June 30, 2015|title=Evaluación de daños y pérdidas en El Salvador ocasionados por la tormenta tropical Agatha|url=http://www.cepal.org/noticias/paginas/5/41295/resumen_evaluacionrev_1.pdf2020.pdf|language=es}}</ref> According to Guatemala's president, ], some areas received more than {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=flip}} of rain.<ref>{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|publisher=BBC|date=May 31, 2010|access-date=June 21, 2010|title=Agatha storm deaths rise across Central America|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/latin_america/10195619.stm| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100602223948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/latin_america/10195619.stm| archive-date= June 2, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The ensuing flash floods and landslides proved catastrophic, especially in Guatemala where at least 174 people died.<ref name="GuatemalaIFRCfinal">{{cite web|work=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=April 20, 2012|access-date=June 27, 2015|title=Tropical Storm Agatha, Final Report|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full_Report_3835.pdf}}</ref> In El Salvador, 11 people were killed and damage from the storm reached $112.1 million.<ref name="AgathaElSalvador"/> Honduras also suffered significant losses from the storm with 18 fatalities and at least $18.5 million in damage.<ref>{{cite web|agency=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=June 3, 2010|access-date=June 30, 2015|title=Central America – Tropical Storm Agatha, Situation Report #2|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/6356AAFA350358C4852577380076FB7A-Full_Report.pdf}}</ref> One person was also killed in Nicaragua.<ref>{{cite web|author=Steve Lang |author2=Rob Gutro |author3=Ed Olsen |author4=Hal Pierce|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|date=June 4, 2010|access-date=June 30, 2015|title=Hurricane Season 2010: Agatha (Eastern Pacific Ocean)|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2010/h2010_90E.html}}</ref> | |||
Formed from a tropical disturbance located near the coast of ] during the last week of May, it slowly organized into a ] on May 29. At this time, it was located south of ], Nicaragua. | |||
The storm also associated with a very large sinkhole. | |||
{{Clear}} | |||
=== Tropical Depression Two-E === | |||
====Current storm information==== | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
As of 5 a.m. ] (1200 ]) May 29, Tropical Depression One-E is located within 30 ]s of ] ], about 490 mi (785 km) ] of ]. Maximum sustained winds are 30 knots (35 mph, 55 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 1005 ] (29.68 ]), and the system is moving ] at 4 kt (5 mph, 7 km/h). | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=Two-E Jun 16 2010 1700Z.jpg | |||
|Track=2-E 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=June 16 | |||
|Dissipated=June 17 | |||
|1-min winds=30 | |||
|Pressure=1007 | |||
}} | |||
A ] emerged off the west coast of Africa on June 2 and entered the Atlantic Ocean. Tracking westward, the system eventually reached the eastern Pacific on June 13. As it approached the ], ] increased, despite strong ]. Early on June 16, sufficient development had taken place for the NHC to classify the wave as a tropical depression, at which time the depression was situated roughly {{convert|110|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south of ], Mexico. A ] pass over the storm revealed it to have attained peak winds of {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} later that day. Thereafter, wind shear took its toll on the system and its low-level circulation ultimately dissipated early on June 17 while still off the coast of Mexico.<ref name="TwoE">{{cite web|author=Michael J. Brennan|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=July 28, 2010|access-date=June 27, 2015|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Two-E|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP022010_Two-E}}|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> | |||
Due to its proximity to land, tropical storm watches and warnings were issued in advance of the storm when the system was first classified. This was discontinued when the system dissipated.<ref name="TwoE"/> Rainfall associated with the depression extended as far north as ]. In ], 82 homes were damaged by flood waters and 40 others were affected in the town of Zimatlán de Alvarez.<ref>{{cite news|author=Jimenez Luna|publisher=Noticias|date=June 17, 2010|title=Depresión Tropical 2-E se dirige a Guerrero|language=es}}</ref> Some homes lost their roofs and a few trees were downed as a result of high winds.<ref>{{cite news |author=Oscar Rodríguez |newspaper=Milenio |date=June 17, 2010 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |title=Más de 150 damnificados en Oaxaca por depresión tropical 2-E |location=Oaxaca, Mexico |url=http://www.milenio.com/node/466985 |archive-date=June 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618001939/https://www.milenio.com/node/466985 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
For latest official information see: | |||
{{clear}} | |||
*The NHC's . | |||
*The NHC's . | |||
=== Tropical Storm Blas === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=TS Blas 06-17 1740UTC.JPG | |||
|Track=Blas 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=June 17 | |||
|Dissipated=June 21 | |||
|1-min winds=55 | |||
|Pressure=994 | |||
}} | |||
On May 30, a new tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic Ocean. Little convective development took place as it traversed the region; however, as it crossed Central America between June 9 and 10, it began to show signs of strengthening. By June 13, an ] developed within the wave and slowly developed a surface circulation over the following 48 hours as it remained nearly stationary over open waters. Early on June 17, deep convection was able to maintain itself over the system, prompting the NHC to classify the low as Tropical Depression Three-E; at this time, the depression was situated {{convert|305|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south-southwest of ]. Within hours of becoming a tropical depression, a ship in the region reported sustained winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, indicating that the system had developed into a tropical storm. The newly upgraded storm, now named Blas by the NHC, began to track slowly to the northwest, and later nearly due west, in response to a strengthening ridge over Mexico.<ref name="BlasTCR">{{cite web|author=Robbie Berg|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=July 31, 2010|access-date=August 2, 2010|title=Tropical Storm Blas Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP032010_Blas}}|format=]}}</ref> | |||
Strong ] prevented Blas from strengthening further over the following day; however, by June 19, the system entered a region of weaker shear. This allowed convection to develop over the center of circulation and that afternoon, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and a pressure of 992 mbar (hPa; {{convert|992|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}). Shortly thereafter, cooler ] took their toll on Blas, causing the storm to gradually weaken. By June 21, the system weakened to a tropical depression as convection diminished. Hours later, it degenerated into a non-convective remnant low while situated about 715 mi (1,150 km) west-southwest of the southern tip of ]. The remnants of Blas persisted through June 23 as they continued westward, before it dissipated to a weak upper-level low.<ref name="BlasTCR"/> | |||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
=== Hurricane Celia === | |||
<!-- | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
==Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE)== | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
--> | |||
|Image=Celia 2010-06-25 0830Z.jpg | |||
|Track=Celia 2010 path.png | |||
|Formed=June 18 | |||
|Dissipated=June 28 | |||
|1-min winds=140 | |||
|Pressure=921 | |||
}} | |||
{{Main|Hurricane Celia (2010)}} | |||
Celia formed out of a ] on June 18, quickly organized into a tropical storm, and later into a hurricane the following day as deep ] consolidated around the center. On June 21, the storm further intensified into a ]; however, over the following days, Celia's winds fluctuated. The system briefly attained major hurricane status on June 23 before temporarily succumbing to ]. Once this shear lightened the next day, Celia ] to attain its peak intensity with winds of {{convert|160|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and an estimated ] of 921 ] (hPa; {{convert|921|mbar|inHg|lk=on|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}).<ref name="CeliaTCR">{{cite web|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 6, 2010|access-date=December 1, 2010|title=Hurricane Celia Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP042010_Celia}}|format=]}}</ref> | |||
Not long after reaching this strength, wind shear increased and the system entered a dry, stable environment. Over the following 42 hours, sustained winds decreased to tropical storm force and the system began to stall over the open ocean by June 27. Despite highly unfavorable conditions, the storm managed to retain tropical storm status through June 28 and degenerated into a non-convective remnant low that evening. The remnants of Celia continued to drift towards the north before finally dissipating on June 30, about 990 mi (1,590 km) southwest of the southern tip of ].<ref name="CeliaTCR"/> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Hurricane Darby === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=Darby jun 25 2010 1955Z.jpg | |||
|Track=Darby 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=June 23 | |||
|Dissipated=June 28 | |||
|1-min winds=105 | |||
|Pressure=959 | |||
}} | |||
The second, and final, major hurricane of the season, Hurricane Darby originated from a vigorous ] that moved off the west coast of Africa on June 8. Initially well-organized, the wave rapidly deteriorated within 24 hours; it continued westward without redevelopment and entered the Eastern Pacific on June 19. The following day, an ] developed within the system as it slowed and turned towards the west-northwest. Gradually organizing, the low strengthened into a tropical depression on June 23 while situated roughly {{convert|380|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south-southeast of ], Mexico. Over the following two days, Darby underwent two periods of rapid intensification. At the end of the second phase on June 25, the storm attained its peak intensity as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and a pressure of 959 mbar (hPa; {{convert|959|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}). Though a strong storm, Darby was unusually small with tropical storm force winds extending only {{convert|70|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} from its center.<ref name="DarbyTCR"/> | |||
Not long after peaking, a large area of westerly winds, produced by ] over the ], caused Darby to stall offshore before turning to the east, being drawn into the circulation of the larger storm. Increased ] produced by the "massive ] of Alex" caused the small storm to rapidly weaken.<ref name="DarbyTCR"/> By June 28, Darby had diminished to a tropical depression and later to a remnant low off the coast of Mexico. The low persisted for another day before fully dissipating offshore.<ref name="DarbyTCR">{{cite web|author=Stacy R. Stewart|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=November 18, 2010|access-date=July 8, 2015|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Darby|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP052010_Darby}}|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> | |||
While offshore, authorities in Mexico advised residents to be cautious of heavy rains from Darby. Alerts were issued for several areas; however, the storm dissipated before reaching land.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Informador|date=June 25, 2010|access-date=March 21, 2011|title=Alerta en cuatro estados por huracán ''Darby''|url=http://www.informador.com.mx/mexico/2010/212757/6/alerta-en-cuatro-estados-por-huracan-darby.htm|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Agence-France-Presse and Reuters|newspaper=La Prensa|date=June 25, 2010|access-date=March 21, 2011|title=Huracán Darby sube a nivel 3 frente a costas mexicanas|url=http://www.oem.com.mx/laprensa/notas/n1685309.htm|language=es}}</ref> The combined effects of Hurricanes Alex and Darby resulted in heavy rains over much of ], amounting to {{convert|300|to|400|mm|in|disp=flip|abbr=on}} in some areas. Flash flooding damaged 43 homes and affected 60,000 people.<ref>{{cite news|author=Óscar Gutiérrez|newspaper=El Universal|date=June 26, 2010|access-date=March 21, 2011|title='Darby' y 'Alex' provocan primeras inundaciones|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/690614.html|language=es}}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Tropical Depression Six-E === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=06E 2010-07-15 1808Z.jpg | |||
|Track=6-E 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=July 14 | |||
|Dissipated=July 16 | |||
|1-min winds=30 | |||
|Pressure=1006 | |||
}} | |||
On July 11, a low pressure formed southwest of Central America.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/gtwo/epac/201007111803/index.php?basin=epac¤t_issuance=201007111803|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|last=Stewart|date=July 11, 2010|publisher=]|access-date=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The next day, the system began to organize.<ref name="NOAA TWO">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/gtwo/epac/201007121743/index.php?basin=epac¤t_issuance=201007121743|title=Tropical Weather Outlook (2)|last=Chris Landesa|author2=Stewart|date=July 12, 2010|work=NOAA|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 15, 2010}}</ref> After a decrease in convection,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/gtwo/epac/201007130557/index.php?basin=epac¤t_issuance=201007130557|title=Tropical Weather Outlook (3)|author=Robbie Breg|date=July 12, 2010|publisher=National Hurricane center|access-date=July 15, 2010}}</ref> the system became more concentrated.<ref name="TWO 4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/gtwo/epac/201007140557/index.php?basin=epac¤t_issuance=201007140557|title=Tropical Weather Outlook (4)|last=Robbie Berg|date=July 13, 2010|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 15, 2010}}</ref> After additional development, the NHC upgraded the disturbance into Tropical Depression Six-E on July 14.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/ep06/ep062010.discus.001.shtml? |title=Tropical Depression Six-E Discussion 1 |date=July 14, 2010 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=July 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718114821/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/ep06/ep062010.discus.001.shtml |archive-date=July 18, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Six-E slowed down forward momentum, and slowly turned north. The depression did not develop further, and it degenerated into an area of low pressure on July 16. However, the remnant low of the system continued moving westward for the next couple days, before fully dissipating on July 18.<ref>{{NHC TCR url|id=EP062010_Six-E}}</ref> | |||
Though relatively far from land, the depression's outer bands brought locally heavy rains to portions of ] and ].<ref>{{cite news|author=Notimex|newspaper=El Universal|date=July 15, 2010|access-date=March 23, 2011|title=Depresión tropical afectará Colima y Jalisco|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/695800.html|language=es|archive-date=July 19, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719124406/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/695800.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Tropical Storm Estelle === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=Estelle aug 7 2010 1810Z.jpg | |||
|Track=Estelle 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=August 6 | |||
|Dissipated=August 10 | |||
|1-min winds=55 | |||
|Pressure=994 | |||
}} | |||
After an unusual, record inactive July, an area of disturbed weather formed off the south coast of Mexico, on August 4 from a tropical wave that left Africa 13 days earlier.<ref name="Estelle TCR">{{cite web|last=Eric Blake|title=Tropical Cyclone Report – Estelle|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP072010_Estelle}}|publisher=National Hurricane center| access-date=December 3, 2010 }}</ref> The system became better organized throughout the next day, and was upgraded into a tropical depression on August 6, {{convert|138|mi|km|abbr=on}} southwest of ]. Initially, there was uncertainty regarding the storm's path.<ref name="Disc 1 7-E">{{cite web|last=John Brown |title=Tropical Depression Seven-E Discussion |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/ep07/ep072010.discus.001.shtml? |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=May 8, 2010 |date=May 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818035313/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/ep07/ep072010.discus.001.shtml |archive-date=August 18, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> It reached tropical storm status on the same day. On August 8, the storm showed signs of weakening. It was downgraded into a tropical depression the next day. Estelle became a remnant low on August 10, dissipating shortly thereafter.<ref name="Estelle TCR" /> | |||
Though the center of Estelle remained offshore, its outer bands brought moderate to heavy rains and increased surf to coastal areas of ], ], ], and ] on August 7.<ref>{{cite web|author=Notimex|publisher=Noticias MVX|date=August 7, 2010|access-date=March 23, 2011|title=Afectará Estelle Guerrero, Michoacán, Colima|url=http://www.noticiasmvs.com/Afectara-Estelle-Guerrero-Michoacan-Colima.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906103614/http://www.noticiasmvs.com/Afectara-Estelle-Guerrero-Michoacan-Colima.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 6, 2012|language=es}}</ref> The following day, a detachment of clouds associated with the storm brought locally heavy rains to ], resulting in localized street flooding.<ref>{{cite web|author=Manuel Guízar |publisher=Noroeste|date=August 8, 2010|access-date=March 23, 2011|title= Empapan lluvias de "Estelle" a Mazatlán |url=http://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones.php?id=608041|language=es}}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Tropical Depression Eight-E === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=Tropical Depression Eight-E Aug 20 2010.jpg | |||
|Track=08E 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=August 20 | |||
|Dissipated=August 21 | |||
|1-min winds=30 | |||
|Pressure=1003 | |||
}} | |||
On August 3, a tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa and tracked westward across the Atlantic Ocean. By August 15, the wave crossed Central America and entered the Eastern Pacific. Over the following five days, development was relatively slow at first, resulting in forecasters at the NHC not predicting the system to become a tropical cyclone. However, on August 20, a low-pressure area formed and quickly became a tropical depression. At this time, the system was situated roughly {{convert|185|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} west-southwest of ], Mexico. Tracking northwestward in response to a mid-level ridge over northwestern Mexico, the depression moved through a region of moderate wind shear, preventing further development. Once over cooler waters on August 21, convection began to wane and the system degenerated into a remnant low later that day. Continuing along the same path, the remnants of the depression dissipated early on August 23, over open waters.<ref name="EightETCR">{{cite web|author=Richard J. Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 24, 2011|access-date=March 23, 2011|title=Tropical Depression Eight-E Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP082010_Eight-E}}|format=]}}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Hurricane Frank === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=Hurricane Frank 2010 off the coast of Mexico.jpg | |||
|Track=Frank 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=August 21 | |||
|Dissipated=August 28 | |||
|1-min winds=80 | |||
|Pressure=978 | |||
}} | |||
{{main|Hurricane Frank (2010)}} | |||
The tropical wave that became Frank was first noticed on August 15 south of the ]. Tropical Depression Nine-E formed on August 21 south of the ]. It developed into a tropical storm the following morning. On August 23, Frank continued to intensify, but later faced shear and entered a period of weakening. However, on August 24, as shear decreased, it began to reorganize and strengthen again, becoming a hurricane on August 25. Frank also formed an eye feature that persisted for about a day. Two days later, Frank weakened back into a tropical storm. Frank encountered unfavorable conditions of high shear and cool waters, causing it to rapidly weakening overnight. Frank became a remnant low on August 28. | |||
In Mexico, six deaths were reported. A total 30 homes were destroyed with 26 others damaged. Two major roads were damaged with another road blocked due to a landslides. Several rivers overflowed their banks as well.<ref>{{cite web|author=IRZA|publisher=El Sol de Chilpancingo|date=August 2010|access-date=March 9, 2011|title=Estiman que "Frank" dejó daños por $14 millones|url=http://www.elsoldechilpancingo.com.mx/index.php/portada/9382-estiman-que-frank-dejo-danos-por-14-millones|language=es}}</ref> In the wake of the storm, 110 communities requested assistance from the government. By September 14, an estimated 200,000 food packages were distributed to the region. Losses from Hurricane Frank exceeded 100 million ] (US$8.3 million).<ref>{{cite web|author=Sandra Pacheco |publisher=CNX Oaxaca |date=September 14, 2010 |access-date=March 22, 2011 |title=Necesarios más de 100 mdp para atender emergencia: URO |url=http://cnxoaxaca.com/?mod=noticias&i=6930&is=5 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151304/http://cnxoaxaca.com/?mod=noticias&i=6930&is=5 |archive-date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Tropical Depression Ten-E === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=Tropical Depression Ten-E 2010-09-03 1750Z.jpg | |||
|Track=Ten-E 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=September 3 | |||
|Dissipated=September 4 | |||
|1-min winds=30 | |||
|Pressure=1003 | |||
}} | |||
Tropical Depression Ten-E originated from a ] that moved off the west coast of Africa on August 14. Tracking westward, the wave eventually crossed Central America and entered the Pacific Ocean on August 26. Gradual organization took place by early September as deepening ]. During September 3, a low-level circulation developed within the system and the NHC classified it as a tropical depression. At this time, the depression was situated roughly {{convert|255|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south-southeast of the southern tip of ]. Located between a strong ] over Mexico and ] over the north Pacific Ocean, the system tracked northwestward throughout the remainder of its existence. ]s never exceeded {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} before moving into a region cooler waters and moderate ]. The combination of these two factors caused convection to diminish; the depression degenerated into a non-convective remnant low on September 4 before dissipating the following day.<ref>{{cite web|author=John P. Cangialosi|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 28, 2010|access-date=March 21, 2011|title=Tropical Depression Ten-E Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP102010_Ten-E}}|format=]}}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Tropical Depression Eleven-E === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=11E 2010-09-04 1700Z.jpg | |||
|Track=Hermine 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=September 3 | |||
|Dissipated=September 4 | |||
|1-min winds=30 | |||
|Pressure=1004 | |||
}} | |||
{{Main|Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)}} | |||
During mid-August, a westward moving tropical wave in the Atlantic Ocean spawned ].<ref>{{cite web|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 15, 2010|access-date=March 9, 2011|title=Hurricane Danielle Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL062010_Danielle}}|format=]}}</ref> The southern portion of this system continued its track and later entered the Eastern Pacific on August 29. By September 2, convection consolidated over the Gulf of Tehuantepec and a ] developed as it moved in a general northward direction. Classified a tropical depression the following day,<ref name="ElevenTCR">{{cite web|author=John L. Beven II|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 6, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2011|title=Tropical Depression Eleven-E Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP112010_Eleven-E}}|format=]}}</ref> the National Hurricane Center initially expected it to attain tropical storm status before moving over land.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Robbie Berg |author2=Michael Brennan|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 3, 2010|access-date=March 9, 2011|title=Tropical Depression Eleven-E Discussion One|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/ep11/ep112010.discus.001.shtml?}}</ref> A ship in the region measured gale-force winds, supporting this forecast but later analysis revealed that these winds were associated with a broad ] which the depression was embedded within. Failing to intensify, the system made landfall near ], Mexico and rapidly weakened. Maintaining its circulation, the depression survived its crossing of Mexico and regenerated into Atlantic Tropical Storm Hermine. The crossover of this storm is regarded as an uncommon occurrence,<ref name="ElevenTCR"/> taking place only a handful of times since reliable records in the Atlantic began in 1851.<ref>{{cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|publisher=National Hurricane Center|year=2010|access-date=March 9, 2011|title=Easy-to-Read HURDAT (1851–2009)|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyread-2010.html}}</ref> | |||
Due to the depression's proximity to land, ] were issued for southern Mexico.<ref name="ElevenTCR"/> The depression produced a swath of heavy rain along its immediate track, with localized peaks over {{convert|10|in|mm|abbr=on}} and a storm maximum of {{convert|13.6|in|mm|abbr=on}} in ].<ref name="HermineWPC">{{cite report|author=David M. Roth|work=Weather Prediction Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2010|access-date=June 28, 2015|title=Tropical Depression 11E/T. S. Hermine - September 3-11, 2010 |url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/hermine2010.html}}</ref> Flooding affected more than 25,000 people in Oaxaca and 6,000 people in Guerrero.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Agustín Galo |author2=Hiram Moreno |author3=Octavio Vélez |publisher=La Jordana|date=September 5, 2010|access-date=June 28, 2015|title=La situación es de desastre en Juchitán; imposible hacer más|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2010/09/05/politica/002n1pol|language=es|location=Oaxaca, Oaxaca}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Adriana Covarrubias|newspaper=El Universal|date=September 7, 2010|access-date=June 28, 2015|title=Lluvias afectan a 6 mil familias in Guerrero|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/707193.html|language=es|location=Acapulco, Mexico}}</ref> The monsoon trough in which the depression was embedded was responsible for tremendous damage across Central America,<ref name="ElevenTCR"/> including at least 54 fatalities and $500 million in damage across Guatemala.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Informador|date=September 13, 2010|access-date=June 28, 2015|title=Mantiene Guatemala alerta por lluvias que han causado 54 muertos|url=http://www.informador.com.mx/internacional/2010/233349/6/mantiene-guatemala-alerta-por-lluvias-que-han-causado-54-muertos.htm|location=Guatemala City, Guatemala|language=es|archive-date=July 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701092555/http://www.informador.com.mx/internacional/2010/233349/6/mantiene-guatemala-alerta-por-lluvias-que-han-causado-54-muertos.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="IDD">{{cite web|publisher=Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters |year=2015 |access-date=June 28, 2015 |title=International Disaster Database: Disaster List |url=http://www.emdat.be/disaster_list/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708003828/http://emdat.be/disaster_list/index.html |archive-date=July 8, 2015 }}</ref> At least three others perished in Costa Rica.<ref>{{cite web|author=Solange Garrido|publisher=Radio Bio Bio|date=September 4, 2010|access-date=March 9, 2011|title=Tres muertos en Costa Rica tras deslizamiento de tierra por fuertes lluvias|url=http://www.radiobiobio.cl/2010/09/04/tres-muertos-en-costa-rica-tras-deslizamiento-de-tierra-por-fuertes-lluvias/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909130345/http://www.radiobiobio.cl/2010/09/04/tres-muertos-en-costa-rica-tras-deslizamiento-de-tierra-por-fuertes-lluvias/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 9, 2012|language=es}}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Tropical Storm Georgette === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=Georgette sept 21 2010.jpg | |||
|Track=Georgette_2010_track.png | |||
|Formed=September 20 | |||
|Dissipated=September 23 | |||
|1-min winds=35 | |||
|Pressure=999 | |||
}} | |||
{{Main|Tropical Storm Georgette (2010)}} | |||
Georgette originated from a ] that moved off the west coast of Africa on September 1. Tracking westward across the Atlantic, the wave eventually spawned an area of low pressure, which developed into ] on September 14. The wave itself continued through the Caribbean Sea, and entered the Eastern Pacific on September 17, but signification development was not anticipated. Tracking northwestward, the low gradually organized into a tropical depression by September 20, at which time it was situated south of ]. Shortly thereafter, it intensified into a tropical storm and was named Georgette. On September 21, Georgette attained its peak intensity with winds of {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and a minimum pressure of 999 mbar (hPa; {{convert|999|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}). The storm struck Baja California Sur later that day before weakening to a tropical depression. It continued north as a depression and made landfall on mainland Mexico on September 22. The system dissipated over northern Mexico early on September 23.<ref name="GeorgetteTCR">{{cite web|author=Michael J. Brennan|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 4, 2010|access-date=March 9, 2011|title=Tropical Storm Georgette Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP122010_Georgette}}|format=]}}</ref> | |||
Georgette caused the heaviest rains on Baja California Sur in the last 15 years, leaving many people homeless.<ref name="heaviest rain">{{cite news|title=Mexico hit by Tropical Storm Georgette|url=http://www.breakingtravelnews.com/news/article/mexico-hit-by-tropical-storm-georgette/|access-date=2010-07-23|publisher=Breaking Travel News|date=2010-07-23}}</ref> Georgette also produced high waves. The tropical cyclone worsened Mexico's flooding problem which started when ] made landfall several days earlier.<ref name=BBC>{{cite web|title=Tropical storm brings fresh flood misery to Mexico|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11386824|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2011-08-01|date=2011-08-04}}</ref> A peak rainfall total of {{convert|5.9|in|mm|abbr=on}} fell in Todos Santos.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Georgette_2010_rainfall.gif|date=2010-10-21|title=Tropical Storm Georgette|publisher=]|author=David M. Roth|access-date=2011-07-27}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> Throughout Sonora, rainfall up to {{convert|4.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} triggered flooding that damaged 220 homes.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Ulises|last1= Gutiérrez|first2= Javier |last2=Valdez|first3= Sergio|last3= Ocampo|first4=Julia|last4=Le Duc|author-link4=Julia Le Duc|first5= David|last5= Carrizales|first6= Agustín|last6= Galo|first7= Octavio|last7= Vélez|first8= René Alberto|last8=López|first9= Luis A.|last9= Boffil|author10= Notimex|publisher=La Jordana|date=September 23, 2010|access-date=September 28, 2010|title=Graves daños en varias zonas de Sonora, tras intensas lluvias|url=http://www.revistaasi.com.mx/vernoticias.php?artids=2577&categoria=25|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228225047/http://www.revistaasi.com.mx/vernoticias.php?artids=2577&categoria=25|archive-date=February 28, 2012}}</ref> Georgette caused {{convert|2.61|in|mm||abbr=on}} of rainfall in Guaymas<ref name="Georgette alert lifted">{{cite news|last=Ojeda|first=Yesicka|title=Levantan alerta por "Georgette" en Guaymas y Empalme|url=http://www.elimparcial.com/EdicionEnLinea/Notas/Noticias/22092010/469899.aspx|access-date=2010-09-23|newspaper=El Imparcial|date=2010-09-22|location=]|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222193655/http://www.elimparcial.com/EdicionEnLinea/Notas/Noticias/22092010/469899.aspx|archive-date=2014-02-22}}</ref> Flooding was reported in several places (Empalme, Etchojoa, Navojoa, Guaymas, ]), causing 500,000 people to be evacuated.<ref name=GeorgetteTCR /> Heavy runoff caused inflows of {{convert|18,000|ft3/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} into El Novillo Dam, forcing the Comisión Nacional del Agua, the local water authorities, to release water from the dam.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ojeda|first=Yesika|title=Deja "Georgette" agua a Sonora|url=http://www.elimparcial.com/EdicionEnLinea/Notas/Noticias/23092010/469933.aspx|access-date=2010-09-23|newspaper=El Imparcial|date=2010-09-23|author2=Francisco Reza|location=]|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222190645/http://www.elimparcial.com/EdicionEnLinea/Notas/Noticias/23092010/469933.aspx|archive-date=2014-02-22}}</ref> After impacting Mexico, moisture from the system combined with an approaching trough to produce heavy rainfall and thunderstorms across New Mexico. A total of {{convert|6.42|in|mm|abbr=on}} was reported in ].<ref>{{cite web|date=2010-12-31|title=A Recipe for Heavy Rain - September 22, 2010|publisher=Albuquerque, New Mexico National Weather Service|access-date=2012-01-27|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/abq/?n=climonhigh2010sepsigevents}}</ref> The rains caused flooding that killed a person along the Rio Grande near ].<ref>{{cite report |title=Storm Events Database |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=252947 |website=National Centers for Environmental Information |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=28 May 2019 |date=September 22, 2010}}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
=== Tropical Storm Omeka === | |||
{{Infobox hurricane small | |||
|Basin=EPac | |||
|Image=Omeka 2010-12-20 0140Z.jpg | |||
|Track=Omeka 2010 track.png | |||
|Formed=December 18 | |||
|Dissipated=December 21<br><small>]</small> | |||
|1-min winds=45 | |||
|Pressure=997 | |||
}} | |||
On December 16, an ] developed in the western Pacific Ocean beneath an ], just west of the ]. The system drifted southeastward, crossing into the Central Pacific on December 17.<ref name="OmekaTCR">{{cite report|author1=Timothy A. Craig, Samuel H. Houston|author2=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|date=March 8, 2011|access-date=June 9, 2019|type=Tropical Cyclone Report|title=Tropical Storm Omeka|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/CP012010_Omeka.pdf}}</ref> Because the cyclone was large and sprawling, the CPHC did not anticipate development.<ref>{{cite web|author=Samuel H. Houston |publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center |date=December 18, 2010 |access-date=December 20, 2010 |title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ac/acpn50.phfo.two.cp.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203113519/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ac/acpn50.phfo.two.cp.txt |archive-date=February 3, 2011 }}</ref> On December 18, the system organized into a ]. It quickly intensified into a subtropical storm as it curved to the southeast into an area of warmer than normal water temperatures, which fueled the development of thunderstorms. On December 19, the storm crossed the International Date Line back into the western Pacific, and soon after developed a temporary eye-feature. The CPHC estimated peak winds of 60 mph (100 km/h) while in the Western Pacific. The storm soon turned eastward, crossing back into the Central Pacific on December 20 roughly 505 miles (815 km) south of ]. At that time, the CPHC designated the system as Tropical Storm Omeka.<ref name="OmekaTCR"/> The storm marked the latest date for a named storm in the basin since reliable records in the 1960s, as well as the first December named storm since ] in 1997.<ref name="OmekaTCR"/><ref name="PA1">{{cite web|author=Timothy A. Craig|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|date=December 20, 2010|access-date=December 20, 2010|title=Tropical Storm Omeka Public Advisory One|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2010/TCPCP1.CP012010.001.1012200747}}</ref><ref name="CPHC Archive">{{cite web|title=Previous Tropical Systems of the Central Pacific|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/|author=]|access-date=2007-02-23| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070223223955/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/| archive-date= 23 February 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>{{EPAC hurricane best track}} | |||
Upon entering the basin, Omeka had sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), which marked its peak intensity in the basin. The storm was already weakening due to wind shear from an approaching trough, and it soon turned northeastward into an area of cooler waters.<ref name="OmekaTCR"/> After intermittent bursts of convection, Omeka transitioned into an extratropical low on December 21. Around that time, the storm brushed Lisianski Island, part of the ]. The low that was formerly Omeka dissipated on December 22.<ref name="OmekaTCR"/> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
==Storm names== | == Storm names == | ||
{{Tropical cyclone naming}} | |||
The following names will be used for named storms that form in East Pacific in 2010. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the ] in the spring of 2011. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2016 season. Names that were not used are marked in {{tcname unused}}, and names in '''bold''' are storms currently active. This is the same list used in the 2004 season. The first Central Pacific name to be used will be Omeka, if a tropical cyclone forms there. | |||
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Pacific Ocean east of ] in 2010.<ref name="Names">{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |date=January 8, 2010 |access-date=June 24, 2010 |title=Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629105033/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml |archive-date=June 29, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This is the same list used for the ].<ref name="NHOP 04">{{cite report|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-P12-2004.pdf|page=3{{hyphen}}10{{ndash}}11|publisher=] Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2004|access-date=March 7, 2024}}</ref> as no ] after that season. | |||
{| width="90%" | {| width="90%" | ||
| | | | ||
* ] | |||
* {{Agatha'''Bold text'''}} | |||
* |
* Blas | ||
* |
* ] | ||
* |
* Darby | ||
* |
* Estelle | ||
* |
* ] | ||
* |
* ] | ||
* {{tcname unused|Howard}} | * {{tcname unused|Howard}} | ||
| | | | ||
Line 134: | Line 462: | ||
|} | |} | ||
For the |
For storms that form in the North Pacific between 140°W to the ], the names come from a series of four rotating lists. Names are used one after the other without regard to year, and when the bottom of one list is reached, the next named storm receives the name at the top of the next list.<ref name="Names"/> One named storm, listed below, formed within the area in 2010.<ref name="OmekaTCR"/> | ||
{| width=" |
{| width="50%" | ||
| | |||
*{{tcname unused|Omeka}} | |||
*{{tcname unused|Pewa}} | |||
| | | | ||
* Omeka | |||
*{{tcname unused|Unala}} | |||
*{{tcname unused|Wali}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
== |
===Retirement=== | ||
{{see also|List of retired Pacific hurricane names}} | |||
This is a table of the storms in 2010 and their landfall(s), if any. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low. | |||
Even though the name was not used during this season, the ] retired the name ''Isis'' from the rotating Eastern Pacific name lists in 2015 after the name has become associated with the ], also known as ISIS.<ref>{{cite news| last=Rice| first=Doyle| title=Isis removed from list of hurricane names| date=April 20, 2015| url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2015/04/20/isis-hurricane-names/26085533/| newspaper=USA Today| access-date=August 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| author=<!--"staff", not stated-->| title='Isis' among names removed from UN list of hurricane names| date=April 17, 2015| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-weather-isis/isis-among-names-removed-from-un-list-of-hurricane-names-idUKKBN0N81QS20150417| work=Reuters |access-date=August 1, 2022}}</ref> It was replaced with ''Ivette'' for the ]. | |||
{{Saffir-Simpson small|align=center}} | |||
{{TC stats table start|year=2010|basin=Pacific hurricane}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone|cat=depression|name=One-E|dates=May 29 – Still Active|max-winds=35|min-press=1005|ace= 0.00}} | |||
{{TC stats no landfall}} | |||
{{TC stats impact|damage=Unknown |deaths=Unknown }} | |||
{{TC stats table end|num-cyclones-text='''1 cyclone'''|dates='''May 29 – Still Active'''<!-- Do not change this until after November 30 -->|max-winds='''0'''|min-press='''0'''|tot-ace='''0'''|num-landfalls='''0'''|tot-damage='''0'''|tot-deaths='''0(0)'''}} | |||
== |
== Season effects == | ||
This is a table of all of the tropical cyclones that formed in the 2010 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2010 USD. | |||
{{tcportal}} | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: ] <!-- ] --> | |||
*Australian region cyclone seasons: ]<!-- ]--> | |||
*South Pacific cyclone seasons: ] <!-- ] --> | |||
<!--*]--> | |||
{{Saffir–Simpson small|align=center}} | |||
==References== | |||
{{TC stats table start3|year=2010|basin=Pacific hurricane}} | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=]|dates=May 29–30|max-winds=45 (75)|min-press=1001|areas=Southwestern Mexico, Central America|damage={{ntsp|1112600000||$}}|deaths=204}} | |||
==External links== | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Two-E|dates=June 16–17|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1007|areas=Southwestern Mexico|damage=Minor|deaths=None}} | |||
* | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Blas|dates=June 17–21|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=994|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} | |||
* | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat5|name=]|dates=June 18–28|max-winds=160 (260)|min-press=921|areas=Southwestern Mexico, ]|damage=None|deaths=None}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=Darby|dates=June 23–28|max-winds=120 (195)|min-press=959|areas=Southwestern Mexico|damage=None|deaths=None}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Six-E|dates=July 14–16|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1006|areas=Western Mexico|damage=None|deaths=None}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Estelle|dates=August 6–10|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=994|areas=Southwestern Mexico, Northwestern Mexico|damage=None|deaths=None}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Eight-E|dates=August 20–21|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1003|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=]|dates=August 21–28|max-winds=90 (150)|min-press=978|areas=Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico|damage={{ntsp|8300000||$}}|deaths=6}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Ten-E|dates=September 3–4|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1003|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=]|dates=September 3–4|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1004|areas=Southwestern Mexico, Central America|damage={{ntsp|500000000||$}}|deaths=0 (57)}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=]|dates=September 20–23|max-winds=40 (65)|min-press=999|areas=Northwestern Mexico|damage=Minor|deaths=0 (1)}} | |||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Omeka|dates=December 20–21|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=997|areas=]|damage=None|deaths=None}} | |||
{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=13|dates=May 29 – December 21|max-winds=160 (260)|min-press=921|tot-areas=|tot-damage={{ntsp|1620900000||$}}|tot-deaths=210 (58)}} | |||
== See also == | |||
* ] | |||
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: ], ] | |||
* Australian region cyclone seasons: ], ] | |||
* South Pacific cyclone seasons: ], ] | |||
== Notes == | |||
{{2010-2019 Pacific hurricane seasons}} | |||
{{Reflist|group=nb}} | |||
{{2010 Pacific hurricane season buttons}} | |||
== References == | |||
] | |||
{{reflist|3}} | |||
== External links == | |||
{{Commons category}} | |||
* | |||
* {{in lang|es}} | |||
* | |||
{{Lowest ACE Pacific hurricane seasons}} | |||
{{2010 Pacific hurricane season buttons}} | |||
{{TC Decades|Year=2010|basin=Pacific|type=hurricane}} | |||
{{Tropical cyclone season|2010}} | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] |
Latest revision as of 00:00, 24 December 2024
2010 Pacific hurricane season | |
---|---|
Season summary map | |
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | May 29, 2010 |
Last system dissipated | December 21, 2010 |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Celia |
• Maximum winds | 160 mph (260 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 921 mbar (hPa; 27.2 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 13 |
Total storms | 8 (record low, tied with 1977) |
Hurricanes | 3 (record low) |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 2 |
Total fatalities | 268 total |
Total damage | $1.62 billion (2010 USD) (Fifth-costliest Pacific hurricane season on record) |
Related articles | |
Pacific hurricane seasons 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 |
The 2010 Pacific hurricane season was the least active Pacific hurricane season on record (reliable records began in 1971), tied with 1977. The season accumulated the second-fewest ACE units on record, as many of the tropical cyclones were weak and short-lived. Altogether, only three of the season's eight named storms strengthened into hurricanes. Of those, two became major hurricanes, with one, Celia, reaching Category 5 intensity on the Saffir-Simpson scale. Despite the inactivity, however, it was the costliest Pacific hurricane season on record at the time, mostly due to Tropical Storm Agatha. The season officially began on May 15 in the eastern North Pacific (east 140°W) and on June 1 in the central North Pacific (from 140°W to the International Date Line). It ended in both regions on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most tropical cyclogenesis occurs in these regions of the Pacific. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year, as evidenced by the formation of Tropical Storm Omeka on December 19.
The first system of the season, Agatha, developed on May 29 near the coast of Guatemala. In the second week of June, a sudden spree of tropical cyclones developed, and between June 16 and 22, four cyclones formed, including the two major hurricanes of the season, Celia and Darby, the first of which reached Category 5 intensity. This near-record activity was a reversal from the previous season, when no storm formed until June 18. Following this activity, July saw zero named storms. In August and September only 2 tropical storms and one hurricane formed. Tropical Depression Eleven-E caused a great deal of flooding in southern Mexico, causing millions of dollars in damage, as well as causing over 50 deaths and $500 million in damage in areas of Oaxaca and Guatemala. Tropical Storm Omeka was a rare off-season storm.
Seasonal forecasts
Source | Date | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref |
Average (1981–2010) | 15.4 | 8.4 | 3.9 | ||
Record high activity | 27 | 16 (tie) | 11 | ||
Record low activity | 8 (tie) | 3 | 0 (tie) | ||
NOAA | May 27, 2010 | 9–15 | 4–8 | 1–3 | |
Actual activity |
8 | 3 | 2 |
On May 19, 2010, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released their forecast for the 2010 Central Pacific hurricane season, which would start on June 1. They expected two or three cyclones to form in or enter the region throughout the season, below the average of four or five storms. The below-average activity forecast was based on two factors: the first was the continuance of a period of decreased activity in the central Pacific; and second, the effects of a Neutral El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or La Niña, both of which reduce cyclone activity in the region. However, in light of the near-miss of Hurricane Felicia the previous year, forecasters at the Central Pacific Hurricane Center gave the public a basic message for the 2010 season, "Prepare! Watch! Act!".
On May 27, 12 days after the official start of the 2010 eastern Pacific hurricane season, NOAA released their forecast for the basin. Similar to the forecast for the central Pacific, below-average activity was expected, with nine to fifteen named storms forming, four to eight of which would become hurricanes and a further one to three would become major hurricanes. This lessened activity was based on the same two factors as the central Pacific, decreased activity since 1995 and the ENSO event. Overall, NOAA stated there was a 75% chance of below-average activity, 20% of near-normal and only a 5% chance of above-average due to a strong La Niña.
Seasonal summary
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of the 2010 Pacific hurricane season.Month | Actual activity vs. Averages | ACE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Storms | Hurricanes | Major | Month | Year | |
May | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | – |
June | 3 (2) | 2 (1) | 2 (0–1) | >300% | >300% |
July | 0 (3–4) | 0 (2) | 0 (1) | 0% | 107% |
August | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | 0 (1) | 40% | 75% |
September | 1 (3) | 0 (2) | 0 (1) | <5% | 46% |
October | 0 (2) | 0 (1) | 0 (0-1) | 0% | 48% |
November | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0% | ~46% |
Total | 7 (15) | 3 (9) | 2 (4) | – | ~46% |
Background
The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index for the 2010 Pacific hurricane season (Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific combined) as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the National Hurricane Center was 51.2 units. This ranked as the second-quietest since 1966. The vast majority of the ACE stemmed from Hurricanes Celia and Darby, which collectively accounted for roughly 70 percent of the seasonal total.
Continuing a trend of below-average activity that began in 1995, the 2010 season was quiet as expected. The Eastern Pacific proper saw record-low numbers of named storms and hurricanes, with only seven and three respectively forming. Inclusive of the Central Pacific, the basin tied its record low activity of eight named storms set in 1977.
Inactivity was largely attributed to a moderately strong La Niña event which resulted in below-average sea surface temperatures across the basin. Another major factor limiting storm formation was the eastward displacement of 200 mb divergence. The displacement of this feature brought conditions that favor tropical development closer to the rugged terrain of Mexico and Central America, a factor known to disrupt low-level circulations. Accordingly, six of the seven named storms in the Eastern Pacific proper formed east of 106°W, four of which originated over the Gulf of Tehuantepec where the greatest depth of warm waters were restricted to. A final limiting factor was above-average wind shear across much of the basin east of 130°W and north of 10°N.
The record inactivity experienced in the Northeastern Pacific also took place in the Northwestern Pacific. Since reliable records began in the 1970s, there has been no precedent for both basins experiencing exceptionally low tropical cyclone formation. Moreover, this general lack of storm formation was reflected in all cyclone basins except the Atlantic. On average, the Northeastern Pacific accounts for 16 percent of the world's storms; however, during 2010, it accounted for roughly 10 percent (7 out of 67 cyclones).
Rank | Season | ACE value |
---|---|---|
1 | 1977 | 22.3 |
2 | 2010 | 51.2 |
3 | 2007 | 51.6 |
4 | 1996 | 53.9 |
5 | 2003 | 56.6 |
6 | 1979 | 57.4 |
7 | 2004 | 71.1 |
8 | 1981 | 72.8 |
9 | 2013 | 74.8 |
10 | 2020 | 77.3 |
Early to peak intensity
Rank | Cost | Season |
---|---|---|
1 | ≥$13.071 billion | 2023 |
2 | $4.64 billion | 2013 |
3 | $3.15 billion | 1992 |
4 | >$2.51 billion | 2024 |
5 | $1.62 billion | 2010 |
6 | ≥$1.577 billion | 2018 |
7 | $1.52 billion | 2014 |
8 | $834 million | 1982 |
9 | $760 million | 1998 |
10 | $720 million | 1994 |
The season began with record-high activity, featuring two major hurricanes in June. ACE values exceeded 300 percent of the long-term mean, though most was due to Category 5 Hurricane Celia. Hurricane Celia was also the second-earliest forming storm of that intensity during the course of a season, surpassed only by Hurricane Ava in 1973. The month featured an ACE value of 37.22, eclipsing the previous record set in 1984. Furthermore, Darby was the earliest second major hurricane of a season, eclipsing Hurricane Daniel (1978); however, this has since been surpassed by Cristina in 2014, Blanca in 2015, and Bud in 2018. This activity abruptly halted and languished throughout the month of July. No named storms developed during the month, marking the first such occurrence since 1966. However, due to the activity in June, ACE value for the season by the start of August remained slightly above normal, roughly 107 percent the yearly mean.
Late activity
Through the remainder of the season, the basin observed record low activity with only three additional named storms developing. Since Omeka was the first storm in the Central Pacific during the year, it marked the latest start to a season since reliable records began, excluding seasons with no storms.
Systems
Tropical Storm Agatha
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | May 29 – May 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min); 1001 mbar (hPa) |
Early May 29, the season's first tropical depression consolidated near the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Large-scale southwesterly flow prompted the system to move slowly northeast. Scatterometer data indicated the depression soon strengthened into a tropical storm, at which time it was assigned the name Agatha. Attaining peak winds of 45 mph (70 km/h), Agatha soon made landfall late on May 29 near Champerico, Guatemala, just south of the border with Mexico. Once onshore, the mountainous terrain of Guatemala caused the storm to quickly dissipate early on May 30.
Although a weak tropical cyclone, Agatha brought torrential rainfall to much of Central America. Daily accumulations peaked at 16.78 in (426 mm) in Montufar, Guatemala and 19.0 in (483 mm) in Ilopango, El Salvador. According to Guatemala's president, Álvaro Colom, some areas received more than 3.3 ft (1 m) of rain. The ensuing flash floods and landslides proved catastrophic, especially in Guatemala where at least 174 people died. In El Salvador, 11 people were killed and damage from the storm reached $112.1 million. Honduras also suffered significant losses from the storm with 18 fatalities and at least $18.5 million in damage. One person was also killed in Nicaragua. The storm also associated with a very large sinkhole.
Tropical Depression Two-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 16 – June 17 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1007 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa on June 2 and entered the Atlantic Ocean. Tracking westward, the system eventually reached the eastern Pacific on June 13. As it approached the Gulf of Tehuantepec, convection increased, despite strong wind shear. Early on June 16, sufficient development had taken place for the NHC to classify the wave as a tropical depression, at which time the depression was situated roughly 110 mi (175 km) south of Salina Cruz, Mexico. A scatterometer pass over the storm revealed it to have attained peak winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) later that day. Thereafter, wind shear took its toll on the system and its low-level circulation ultimately dissipated early on June 17 while still off the coast of Mexico.
Due to its proximity to land, tropical storm watches and warnings were issued in advance of the storm when the system was first classified. This was discontinued when the system dissipated. Rainfall associated with the depression extended as far north as Oaxaca. In San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, 82 homes were damaged by flood waters and 40 others were affected in the town of Zimatlán de Alvarez. Some homes lost their roofs and a few trees were downed as a result of high winds.
Tropical Storm Blas
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 17 – June 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 994 mbar (hPa) |
On May 30, a new tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic Ocean. Little convective development took place as it traversed the region; however, as it crossed Central America between June 9 and 10, it began to show signs of strengthening. By June 13, an area of low pressure developed within the wave and slowly developed a surface circulation over the following 48 hours as it remained nearly stationary over open waters. Early on June 17, deep convection was able to maintain itself over the system, prompting the NHC to classify the low as Tropical Depression Three-E; at this time, the depression was situated 305 mi (490 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico. Within hours of becoming a tropical depression, a ship in the region reported sustained winds of 45 mph (70 km/h), indicating that the system had developed into a tropical storm. The newly upgraded storm, now named Blas by the NHC, began to track slowly to the northwest, and later nearly due west, in response to a strengthening ridge over Mexico.
Strong wind shear prevented Blas from strengthening further over the following day; however, by June 19, the system entered a region of weaker shear. This allowed convection to develop over the center of circulation and that afternoon, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) and a pressure of 992 mbar (hPa; 29.29 inHg). Shortly thereafter, cooler sea surface temperatures took their toll on Blas, causing the storm to gradually weaken. By June 21, the system weakened to a tropical depression as convection diminished. Hours later, it degenerated into a non-convective remnant low while situated about 715 mi (1,150 km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Sur. The remnants of Blas persisted through June 23 as they continued westward, before it dissipated to a weak upper-level low.
Hurricane Celia
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 18 – June 28 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 160 mph (260 km/h) (1-min); 921 mbar (hPa) |
Celia formed out of a tropical wave on June 18, quickly organized into a tropical storm, and later into a hurricane the following day as deep convection consolidated around the center. On June 21, the storm further intensified into a Category 2 hurricane; however, over the following days, Celia's winds fluctuated. The system briefly attained major hurricane status on June 23 before temporarily succumbing to wind shear. Once this shear lightened the next day, Celia rapidly intensified to attain its peak intensity with winds of 160 mph (255 km/h) and an estimated barometric pressure of 921 mbar (hPa; 27.20 inHg).
Not long after reaching this strength, wind shear increased and the system entered a dry, stable environment. Over the following 42 hours, sustained winds decreased to tropical storm force and the system began to stall over the open ocean by June 27. Despite highly unfavorable conditions, the storm managed to retain tropical storm status through June 28 and degenerated into a non-convective remnant low that evening. The remnants of Celia continued to drift towards the north before finally dissipating on June 30, about 990 mi (1,590 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Sur.
Hurricane Darby
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 23 – June 28 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 mph (195 km/h) (1-min); 959 mbar (hPa) |
The second, and final, major hurricane of the season, Hurricane Darby originated from a vigorous tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on June 8. Initially well-organized, the wave rapidly deteriorated within 24 hours; it continued westward without redevelopment and entered the Eastern Pacific on June 19. The following day, an area of low pressure developed within the system as it slowed and turned towards the west-northwest. Gradually organizing, the low strengthened into a tropical depression on June 23 while situated roughly 380 mi (610 km) south-southeast of Salina Cruz, Mexico. Over the following two days, Darby underwent two periods of rapid intensification. At the end of the second phase on June 25, the storm attained its peak intensity as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) and a pressure of 959 mbar (hPa; 28.32 inHg). Though a strong storm, Darby was unusually small with tropical storm force winds extending only 70 mi (115 km) from its center.
Not long after peaking, a large area of westerly winds, produced by Hurricane Alex over the Gulf of Mexico, caused Darby to stall offshore before turning to the east, being drawn into the circulation of the larger storm. Increased wind shear produced by the "massive outflow of Alex" caused the small storm to rapidly weaken. By June 28, Darby had diminished to a tropical depression and later to a remnant low off the coast of Mexico. The low persisted for another day before fully dissipating offshore.
While offshore, authorities in Mexico advised residents to be cautious of heavy rains from Darby. Alerts were issued for several areas; however, the storm dissipated before reaching land. The combined effects of Hurricanes Alex and Darby resulted in heavy rains over much of Chiapas, amounting to 12 to 16 in (300 to 400 mm) in some areas. Flash flooding damaged 43 homes and affected 60,000 people.
Tropical Depression Six-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 14 – July 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1006 mbar (hPa) |
On July 11, a low pressure formed southwest of Central America. The next day, the system began to organize. After a decrease in convection, the system became more concentrated. After additional development, the NHC upgraded the disturbance into Tropical Depression Six-E on July 14. Six-E slowed down forward momentum, and slowly turned north. The depression did not develop further, and it degenerated into an area of low pressure on July 16. However, the remnant low of the system continued moving westward for the next couple days, before fully dissipating on July 18.
Though relatively far from land, the depression's outer bands brought locally heavy rains to portions of Colima and Jalisco.
Tropical Storm Estelle
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 6 – August 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 994 mbar (hPa) |
After an unusual, record inactive July, an area of disturbed weather formed off the south coast of Mexico, on August 4 from a tropical wave that left Africa 13 days earlier. The system became better organized throughout the next day, and was upgraded into a tropical depression on August 6, 138 mi (222 km) southwest of Acapulco, Mexico. Initially, there was uncertainty regarding the storm's path. It reached tropical storm status on the same day. On August 8, the storm showed signs of weakening. It was downgraded into a tropical depression the next day. Estelle became a remnant low on August 10, dissipating shortly thereafter.
Though the center of Estelle remained offshore, its outer bands brought moderate to heavy rains and increased surf to coastal areas of Guerrero, Michoacán, Colima, and Jalisco on August 7. The following day, a detachment of clouds associated with the storm brought locally heavy rains to Mazatlán, resulting in localized street flooding.
Tropical Depression Eight-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 20 – August 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1003 mbar (hPa) |
On August 3, a tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa and tracked westward across the Atlantic Ocean. By August 15, the wave crossed Central America and entered the Eastern Pacific. Over the following five days, development was relatively slow at first, resulting in forecasters at the NHC not predicting the system to become a tropical cyclone. However, on August 20, a low-pressure area formed and quickly became a tropical depression. At this time, the system was situated roughly 185 mi (300 km) west-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico. Tracking northwestward in response to a mid-level ridge over northwestern Mexico, the depression moved through a region of moderate wind shear, preventing further development. Once over cooler waters on August 21, convection began to wane and the system degenerated into a remnant low later that day. Continuing along the same path, the remnants of the depression dissipated early on August 23, over open waters.
Hurricane Frank
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 21 – August 28 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min); 978 mbar (hPa) |
The tropical wave that became Frank was first noticed on August 15 south of the Windward Islands. Tropical Depression Nine-E formed on August 21 south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. It developed into a tropical storm the following morning. On August 23, Frank continued to intensify, but later faced shear and entered a period of weakening. However, on August 24, as shear decreased, it began to reorganize and strengthen again, becoming a hurricane on August 25. Frank also formed an eye feature that persisted for about a day. Two days later, Frank weakened back into a tropical storm. Frank encountered unfavorable conditions of high shear and cool waters, causing it to rapidly weakening overnight. Frank became a remnant low on August 28.
In Mexico, six deaths were reported. A total 30 homes were destroyed with 26 others damaged. Two major roads were damaged with another road blocked due to a landslides. Several rivers overflowed their banks as well. In the wake of the storm, 110 communities requested assistance from the government. By September 14, an estimated 200,000 food packages were distributed to the region. Losses from Hurricane Frank exceeded 100 million pesos (US$8.3 million).
Tropical Depression Ten-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 3 – September 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1003 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Depression Ten-E originated from a tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on August 14. Tracking westward, the wave eventually crossed Central America and entered the Pacific Ocean on August 26. Gradual organization took place by early September as deepening convection. During September 3, a low-level circulation developed within the system and the NHC classified it as a tropical depression. At this time, the depression was situated roughly 255 mi (410 km) south-southeast of the southern tip of Baja California Sur. Located between a strong ridge over Mexico and trough over the north Pacific Ocean, the system tracked northwestward throughout the remainder of its existence. Maximum sustained winds never exceeded 35 mph (55 km/h) before moving into a region cooler waters and moderate wind shear. The combination of these two factors caused convection to diminish; the depression degenerated into a non-convective remnant low on September 4 before dissipating the following day.
Tropical Depression Eleven-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 3 – September 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1004 mbar (hPa) |
During mid-August, a westward moving tropical wave in the Atlantic Ocean spawned Hurricane Danielle. The southern portion of this system continued its track and later entered the Eastern Pacific on August 29. By September 2, convection consolidated over the Gulf of Tehuantepec and a low-level circulation developed as it moved in a general northward direction. Classified a tropical depression the following day, the National Hurricane Center initially expected it to attain tropical storm status before moving over land. A ship in the region measured gale-force winds, supporting this forecast but later analysis revealed that these winds were associated with a broad monsoon trough which the depression was embedded within. Failing to intensify, the system made landfall near Salina Cruz, Mexico and rapidly weakened. Maintaining its circulation, the depression survived its crossing of Mexico and regenerated into Atlantic Tropical Storm Hermine. The crossover of this storm is regarded as an uncommon occurrence, taking place only a handful of times since reliable records in the Atlantic began in 1851.
Due to the depression's proximity to land, tropical storm warnings were issued for southern Mexico. The depression produced a swath of heavy rain along its immediate track, with localized peaks over 10 in (250 mm) and a storm maximum of 13.6 in (350 mm) in Alvarado, Veracruz. Flooding affected more than 25,000 people in Oaxaca and 6,000 people in Guerrero. The monsoon trough in which the depression was embedded was responsible for tremendous damage across Central America, including at least 54 fatalities and $500 million in damage across Guatemala. At least three others perished in Costa Rica.
Tropical Storm Georgette
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 20 – September 23 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 999 mbar (hPa) |
Georgette originated from a tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on September 1. Tracking westward across the Atlantic, the wave eventually spawned an area of low pressure, which developed into Hurricane Karl on September 14. The wave itself continued through the Caribbean Sea, and entered the Eastern Pacific on September 17, but signification development was not anticipated. Tracking northwestward, the low gradually organized into a tropical depression by September 20, at which time it was situated south of Baja California Sur. Shortly thereafter, it intensified into a tropical storm and was named Georgette. On September 21, Georgette attained its peak intensity with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 999 mbar (hPa; 29.50 inHg). The storm struck Baja California Sur later that day before weakening to a tropical depression. It continued north as a depression and made landfall on mainland Mexico on September 22. The system dissipated over northern Mexico early on September 23.
Georgette caused the heaviest rains on Baja California Sur in the last 15 years, leaving many people homeless. Georgette also produced high waves. The tropical cyclone worsened Mexico's flooding problem which started when Hurricane Karl made landfall several days earlier. A peak rainfall total of 5.9 in (150 mm) fell in Todos Santos. Throughout Sonora, rainfall up to 4.7 in (120 mm) triggered flooding that damaged 220 homes. Georgette caused 2.61 in (66 mm) of rainfall in Guaymas Flooding was reported in several places (Empalme, Etchojoa, Navojoa, Guaymas, Los Mochis), causing 500,000 people to be evacuated. Heavy runoff caused inflows of 18,000 cu ft/s (510 m/s) into El Novillo Dam, forcing the Comisión Nacional del Agua, the local water authorities, to release water from the dam. After impacting Mexico, moisture from the system combined with an approaching trough to produce heavy rainfall and thunderstorms across New Mexico. A total of 6.42 in (163 mm) was reported in Gladstone. The rains caused flooding that killed a person along the Rio Grande near Carnuel.
Tropical Storm Omeka
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 18 – December 21 (Out of basin December 19–20) |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 997 mbar (hPa) |
On December 16, an extratropical cyclone developed in the western Pacific Ocean beneath an upper-level low, just west of the International Date Line. The system drifted southeastward, crossing into the Central Pacific on December 17. Because the cyclone was large and sprawling, the CPHC did not anticipate development. On December 18, the system organized into a subtropical depression. It quickly intensified into a subtropical storm as it curved to the southeast into an area of warmer than normal water temperatures, which fueled the development of thunderstorms. On December 19, the storm crossed the International Date Line back into the western Pacific, and soon after developed a temporary eye-feature. The CPHC estimated peak winds of 60 mph (100 km/h) while in the Western Pacific. The storm soon turned eastward, crossing back into the Central Pacific on December 20 roughly 505 miles (815 km) south of Midway Island. At that time, the CPHC designated the system as Tropical Storm Omeka. The storm marked the latest date for a named storm in the basin since reliable records in the 1960s, as well as the first December named storm since Paka in 1997.
Upon entering the basin, Omeka had sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), which marked its peak intensity in the basin. The storm was already weakening due to wind shear from an approaching trough, and it soon turned northeastward into an area of cooler waters. After intermittent bursts of convection, Omeka transitioned into an extratropical low on December 21. Around that time, the storm brushed Lisianski Island, part of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. The low that was formerly Omeka dissipated on December 22.
Storm names
Main articles: Tropical cyclone naming, History of tropical cyclone naming, and List of historical tropical cyclone namesThe following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Pacific Ocean east of 140°W in 2010. This is the same list used for the 2004 season. as no names were retired after that season.
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|
For storms that form in the North Pacific between 140°W to the International Date Line, the names come from a series of four rotating lists. Names are used one after the other without regard to year, and when the bottom of one list is reached, the next named storm receives the name at the top of the next list. One named storm, listed below, formed within the area in 2010.
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Retirement
See also: List of retired Pacific hurricane namesEven though the name was not used during this season, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name Isis from the rotating Eastern Pacific name lists in 2015 after the name has become associated with the Islamic extremist militant group, also known as ISIS. It was replaced with Ivette for the 2016 season.
Season effects
This is a table of all of the tropical cyclones that formed in the 2010 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2010 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agatha | May 29–30 | Tropical storm | 45 (75) | 1001 | Southwestern Mexico, Central America | $1.11 billion | 204 | |||
Two-E | June 16–17 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1007 | Southwestern Mexico | Minor | None | |||
Blas | June 17–21 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 994 | None | None | None | |||
Celia | June 18–28 | Category 5 hurricane | 160 (260) | 921 | Southwestern Mexico, Clipperton Island | None | None | |||
Darby | June 23–28 | Category 3 hurricane | 120 (195) | 959 | Southwestern Mexico | None | None | |||
Six-E | July 14–16 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1006 | Western Mexico | None | None | |||
Estelle | August 6–10 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 994 | Southwestern Mexico, Northwestern Mexico | None | None | |||
Eight-E | August 20–21 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1003 | None | None | None | |||
Frank | August 21–28 | Category 1 hurricane | 90 (150) | 978 | Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico | $8.3 million | 6 | |||
Ten-E | September 3–4 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1003 | None | None | None | |||
Eleven-E | September 3–4 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1004 | Southwestern Mexico, Central America | $500 million | 0 (57) | |||
Georgette | September 20–23 | Tropical storm | 40 (65) | 999 | Northwestern Mexico | Minor | 0 (1) | |||
Omeka | December 20–21 | Tropical storm | 50 (85) | 997 | Hawaii | None | None | |||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
13 systems | May 29 – December 21 | 160 (260) | 921 | $1.62 billion | 210 (58) |
See also
- 2010 Atlantic hurricane season
- 2010 Pacific typhoon season
- 2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2009–10, 2010–11
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2009–10, 2010–11
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2009–10, 2010–11
Notes
- Values are only for the Eastern Pacific (east of 140°W).
- Storm averages are those in parentheses.
- Percentage of average ACE through the end of the month
- The total represents the sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for every (sub)tropical storm's intensity of over 33 knots (38 mph, 61 km/h), divided by 10,000 while they are above that threshold; therefore, tropical depressions are not included.
References
- "Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season". Climate Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
- ^ National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (April 26, 2024). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2023". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. A guide on how to read the database is available here. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Northeast Pacific hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)". Hurricane Research Division. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. July 2014. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
- "NOAA Predicts Below Normal Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 27, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
- Delores Clark (May 19, 2010). "NOAA Expects Below Normal Central Pacific Hurricane Season" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2010. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- Gerald Bell; Jae Schemm; Eric Blake; Todd Kimberlain; Christopher Landsea (May 27, 2010). "2010 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Outlook". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
- ^ Stacy R. Stewart; John P. Cangialosi (September 2012). "Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2010". Monthly Weather Review. 140 (9). American Meteorological Society: 2, 769–2, 781. Bibcode:2012MWRv..140.2769S. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-11-00152.1.
- Hurricane Specialists Unit (June 1, 2010). "Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for May 2010". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
- ^ Eric S. Blake (July 1, 2010). "Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for June 2010". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
- ^ Stacey R. Stewart; Todd B. Kimberlain; Jack L. Beven (August 1, 2010). "Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for July 2010". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
- Robbie Berg (September 1, 2010). "Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for August 2010". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
- Michael J. Brennan (October 1, 2010). "Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for September 2010". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
- ^ Todd B. Kimberlain; Eric S. Blake; Stacy R. Stewart; Robbie Berg (November 1, 2010). "Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for October 2010". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
- Hurricane Specialists Unit (December 1, 2010). "Eastern Pacific Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for November 2010". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
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External links
- National Hurricane Center Website
- Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Website (in Spanish)
- NHC 2010 Pacific hurricane season archive
Least active Pacific hurricane seasons | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Sorted by Accumulated cyclone energy | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Note: In terms of ACE units |
Tropical cyclones of the 2010 Pacific hurricane season | ||
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TSAgatha TDTwo-E TSBlas 5Celia 3Darby TDSix-E TSEstelle TDEight-E 1Frank TDTen-E TDEleven-E TSGeorgette TSOmeka | ||
2010–2019 Pacific hurricane seasons | |
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Tropical cyclones in 2010 | |
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Cyclones | |
Hurricanes | |
Typhoons | |
Non-seasonal lists |