Misplaced Pages

List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 19:28, 13 August 2021 edit24.78.228.96 (talk) →Data Table: typos← Previous edit Latest revision as of 03:29, 24 December 2024 edit undoJohn Abbe (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,042 editsm citation for Gliese 832 c refutation 
(27 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Misplaced Pages list article}} {{Short description|None}}
{{Update|reason=The article does not yet include recent discoveries such as Teegarden b and c, the planets of L 98-59, Gliese 486 b and Wolf 1069 b.|date=February 2024}}
This '''list of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates''' contains possible ] ("rocky") ]s spaced at a distance of up to 50 ]s from the ], ordered by increasing distance.<ref name=aaa534>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Pepe | first1=F. | last2=Lovis | first2=C. | last3=Ségransan | first3=D. | last4=Benz | first4=W. |last5=Bouchy | first5=F. | last6=Dumusque | first6=X. | last7=Mayor | first7=M. | last8=Queloz | first8=M. | last9=Queloz | first9=D. | last10=Udry | first10=S. |title=The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone: I – Very low-mass planets around HD20794, HD85512 and HD192310 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=534 | pages=A58 | date=2011 | arxiv=1108.3447 | bibcode=2011A&A...534A..58P | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201117055 }}</ref><ref name=epe_HD_20794>{{citation | first1=Jean | last1=Schneider | publisher=Paris Observatory | title=Star: HD 20794 | work=Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia |url=http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=HD+20794 | access-date=2011-12-05 }}</ref><ref name="tuomi12">{{Cite journal|last= Tuomi, Anglada-Escude, Gerlach, Jones, Reiners, Rivera, Vogt, Butler|first= Mikko, Guillem, Enrico, Hugh R. R., Ansgar, Eugenio J., Steven S., R. Paul|arxiv= 1211.1617|title= Habitable-zone super-Earth candidate in a six-planet system around the K2.5V star HD 40307|journal= Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume= 549|pages= A48|date= 2012|last2= Anglada-Escude|first2= Guillem|last3= Gerlach|first3= Enrico|last4= Jones|first4= Hugh R. R.|last5= Reiners|first5= Ansgar|last6= Rivera|first6= Eugenio J.|last7= Vogt|first7= Steven S.|last8= Paul Butler|first8= R.|doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201220268|bibcode=2013A&A...549A..48T}}</ref>
This '''list of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates''' contains possible ] ("rocky") ]s spaced at a distance of up to 50 ]s from the ], ordered by increasing distance.<ref name=aaa534>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Pepe | first1=F. | last2=Lovis | first2=C. | last3=Ségransan | first3=D. | last4=Benz | first4=W. |last5=Bouchy | first5=F. | last6=Dumusque | first6=X. | last7=Mayor | first7=M. | last8=Queloz | first8=M. | last9=Queloz | first9=D. | last10=Udry | first10=S. |title=The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone: I – Very low-mass planets around HD20794, HD85512 and HD192310 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=534 | pages=A58 | date=2011 | arxiv=1108.3447 | bibcode=2011A&A...534A..58P | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201117055 | s2cid=15088852 }}</ref><ref name=epe_HD_20794>{{citation | first1=Jean | last1=Schneider | title=Star: HD 20794 |url=http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=HD+20794 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008190015/http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=HD+20794 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 8, 2011 | encyclopedia=] | access-date=2011-12-05 }}</ref><ref name="tuomi12">{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201220268 |last1=Tuomi |first1=Mikko |last2=Anglada-Escudé |first2=Guillem |last3=Gerlach |first3=Enrico |last4=Jones |first4=Hugh R. A. |last5=Reiners |first5=Ansgar |last6=Rivera |first6=Eugenio J. |last7=Vogt |first7=Steven S. |last8=Butler |first8=R. Paul |title=Habitable-zone super-Earth candidate in a six-planet system around the K2.5V star HD 40307 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |date=17 December 2012 |volume=549 |pages=A48 |arxiv=1211.1617 |bibcode=2013A&A...549A..48T |s2cid=7424216 }}</ref>


They may be composed primarily of ] ]s and/or ]s. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the ] closest to the ]. They may be composed primarily of ] ]s and/or ]s. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the ] closest to the ].
Line 8: Line 9:
This list is incomplete, currently containing 34 exoplanets, 11 of which probably lie inside their star's ]. This list is incomplete, currently containing 34 exoplanets, 11 of which probably lie inside their star's ].


There are roughly 2,000 stars at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/50lys.html|title=Stars within 50 light years|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> (64 of them are yellow-orange ] like our sun<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solstation.com/stars3/100-gs.htm|title=G stars within 100 light-years|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref>). As many as 15% of them can have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones.<ref name="arxiv.org">{{Cite journal|arxiv=1403.0430|title= Bayesian search for low-mass planets around nearby M dwarfs. Estimates for occurrence rate based on global detectability statistics|journal= Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume= 441|issue= 2|pages= 1545–1569|last1= Tuomi|first1= Mikko|last2= Jones|first2= Hugh R. A.|last3= Barnes|first3= John R.|last4= Anglada-Escudé|first4= Guillem|last5= Jenkins|first5= James S.|year= 2014|doi= 10.1093/mnras/stu358|bibcode = 2014MNRAS.441.1545T }}</ref> There are roughly 2,000 stars at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/50lys.html|title=Stars within 50 light years|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> (64 of them are yellow-orange ] like the Sun<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solstation.com/stars3/100-gs.htm|title=G stars within 100 light-years|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref>). As many as 15% of them could have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones.<ref name="arxiv.org">{{Cite journal|arxiv=1403.0430|title= Bayesian search for low-mass planets around nearby M dwarfs. Estimates for occurrence rate based on global detectability statistics|journal= Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume= 441|issue= 2|pages= 1545–1569|last1= Tuomi|first1= Mikko|last2= Jones|first2= Hugh R. A.|last3= Barnes|first3= John R.|last4= Anglada-Escudé|first4= Guillem|last5= Jenkins|first5= James S.|year= 2014|doi= 10.1093/mnras/stu358|doi-access= free|bibcode = 2014MNRAS.441.1545T }}</ref>


On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on ] data, that there could be as many as 40 billion ] ] orbiting in the ]s of ] stars and ] stars within the ] galaxy.<ref name="NYT-20131104">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis|title=Far-Off Planets Like the Earth Dot the Galaxy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/05/science/cosmic-census-finds-billions-of-planets-that-could-be-like-earth.html |date=November 4, 2013 |work=] |access-date=November 5, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20131031">{{cite journal |last1=Petigura |first1=Eric A.|last2=Howard |first2=Andrew W. |last3=Marcy |first3=Geoffrey W. |title=Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/10/31/1319909110 |date=October 31, 2013 |journal=]|volume=110|issue=48|pages=19273–19278|doi=10.1073/pnas.1319909110 |access-date=November 5, 2013 |arxiv = 1311.6806 |bibcode = 2013PNAS..11019273P |pmid=24191033 |pmc=3845182}}</ref> Eleven billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars.<ref name="LATimes-20131104">{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Amina |title=Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets |url=http://www.latimes.com/science/la-sci-earth-like-planets-20131105,0,2673237.story |date=November 4, 2013 |work=] |access-date=November 5, 2013 }}</ref> The nearest such planet was then as close as 12 light-years away<ref name="NYT-20131104"/><ref name="PNAS-20131031"/> but (see below) is now estimated slightly above four light-years away. On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on ] data, that there could be as many as 40 billion ] ] orbiting in the ]s of ] stars and ] stars within the ] galaxy.<ref name="NYT-20131104">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis|title=Far-Off Planets Like the Earth Dot the Galaxy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/05/science/cosmic-census-finds-billions-of-planets-that-could-be-like-earth.html |date=November 4, 2013 |work=] |access-date=November 5, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20131031">{{cite journal |last1=Petigura |first1=Eric A.|last2=Howard |first2=Andrew W. |last3=Marcy |first3=Geoffrey W. |title=Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars|date=October 31, 2013 |journal=]|volume=110|issue=48|pages=19273–19278|doi=10.1073/pnas.1319909110 |arxiv = 1311.6806 |bibcode = 2013PNAS..11019273P |pmid=24191033 |pmc=3845182|doi-access=free}}</ref> Eleven billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars.<ref name="LATimes-20131104">{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Amina |title=Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets |url=http://www.latimes.com/science/la-sci-earth-like-planets-20131105,0,2673237.story |date=November 4, 2013 |work=] |access-date=November 5, 2013 }}</ref> The nearest such planet was then as close as 12 light-years away<ref name="NYT-20131104"/><ref name="PNAS-20131031"/> but (see below) is now estimated slightly above four light-years away.


On August 24, 2016, astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone of ], the closest star to Earth (not counting the Sun). Called ], the planet is 1.3 times the mass of Earth and has an orbital period of roughly 11.2 Earth days.<ref name="nature_paper">{{cite journal
On August 24, 2016, astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone of ], the closest star to Earth (not counting the Sun). Called ], the planet is 1.3 times the mass of Earth and has an orbital period of roughly 11.2 Earth days.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Anglada-Escudé|first1=Guillem|title=A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri|journal=Nature|date=August 24, 2016|url=http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1629/eso1629a.pdf|doi=10.1038/nature19106|pmid=27558064|volume=536|issue=7617|pages=437–40|arxiv = 1609.03449 |bibcode = 2016Natur.536..437A }}</ref> However, Proxima Centauri's classification as a red dwarf casts doubts on the habitability of any exoplanets in its orbit due to low stellar flux, high probability of ], small circumstellar habitable zones and high stellar variation. Another likely candidate is ], Earth's nearest Sun-like star system 4.37 light-years away. Estimates place the probability of finding a habitable planet around Alpha Centauri A or B at roughly 75%.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Billings|first1=Lee|title=Miniature Space Telescope Could Boost the Hunt for "Earth Proxima"| url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miniature-space-telescope-could-boost-the-hunt-for-earth-proxima-video|website=Scientific American}}</ref> Alpha Centauri is the target of several exoplanet-finding missions, including ] and Mission Centaur, the latter of which is chronicled in the 2016 documentary film ''The Search for Earth Proxima''.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Search for Earth Proxima|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/492266/the-search-for-earth-proxima|website=The Atlantic}}</ref>
| bibcode = 2016Natur.536..437A
| title = A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri
| journal = Nature
| volume = 536
| issue = 7617
| pages = 437–440
| last1 = Anglada-Escudé
| first1 = Guillem
| last2 = Amado
| first2 = Pedro J.
| last3 = Barnes
| first3 = John
| last4 = Berdiñas
| first4 = Zaira M.
| last5 = Butler
| first5 = R. Paul
| last6 = Coleman
| first6 = Gavin A. L.
| last7 = de la Cueva
| first7 = Ignacio
| last8 = Dreizler
| first8 = Stefan
| last9 = Endl
| first9 = Michael
| last10 = Giesers
| first10 = Benjamin
| last11 = Jeffers
| first11 = Sandra V.
| last12 = Jenkins
| first12 = James S.
| last13 = Jones
| first13 = Hugh R. A.
| last14 = Kiraga
| first14 = Marcin
| last15 = Kürster
| first15 = Martin
| last16 = López-González
| first16 = María J.
| last17 = Marvin
| first17 = Christopher J.
| last18 = Morales
| first18 = Nicolás
| last19 = Morin
| first19 = Julien
| last20 = Nelson
| first20 = Richard P.
| last21 = Ortiz
| first21 = José L.
| last22 = Ofir
| first22 = Aviv
| last23 = Paardekooper
| first23 = Sijme-Jan
| last24 = Reiners
| first24 = Ansgar
| last25 = Rodríguez
| first25 = Eloy
| last26 = Rodríguez-López
| first26 = Cristina
| last27 = Sarmiento
| first27 = Luis F.
| last28 = Strachan
| first28 = John P.
| last29 = Tsapras
| first29 = Yiannis
| last30 = Tuomi
| first30 = Mikko
| first31=Mathias |last31=Zechmeister
| display-authors = 3
| year = 2016
| arxiv = 1609.03449
| doi = 10.1038/nature19106
| pmid = 27558064
| s2cid = 4451513
| url=http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1629/eso1629a.pdf
}}</ref> However, Proxima Centauri's classification as a red dwarf casts doubts on the habitability of any exoplanets in its orbit due to low stellar flux, high probability of ], small circumstellar habitable zones and high stellar variation. Another likely candidate is ], Earth's nearest Sun-like star system 4.37 light-years away. Estimates place the probability of finding a habitable planet around Alpha Centauri A or B at roughly 75%.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Billings|first1=Lee|title=Miniature Space Telescope Could Boost the Hunt for "Earth Proxima"| url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miniature-space-telescope-could-boost-the-hunt-for-earth-proxima-video|website=Scientific American}}</ref> Alpha Centauri is the target of several exoplanet-finding missions, including ] and Mission Centaur, the latter of which is chronicled in the 2016 documentary film ''The Search for Earth Proxima''.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Search for Earth Proxima|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/492266/the-search-for-earth-proxima|website=The Atlantic}}</ref>

In 2023, astronomers used the radial velocity method to confirm that the exoplanet ] sits in the habitable zone of ]. Located 31 light years from Earth, this planet is 1.26 times the mass of Earth and has a radius of 1.08 times the Earth's. Though Wolf 1069 b is likely tidally locked, its daylight side may still be habitable. It has similar characteristics to Proxima Centauri b and is one of the nearest discovered potentially habitable exoplanets to Earth. Wolf 1069 b is likely rocky, with an Earth-like composition, and climate models suggest that it is habitable for a broad range of possible atmospheres although the nature of its true atmosphere is unknown. Characterizing its atmosphere is more difficult than with a transiting exoplanet as ] is inapplicable, and instruments for alternative techniques such as analysis of thermal emission and reflected light are not yet available. The angular separation between Wolf 1069 b and its star is also small, which further complicates these measurements.<ref name="Kossakowski 2023">{{Cite journal |last=Kossakowski |first=Diana |last2=Kürster |first2=Martin |last3=Trifonov |first3=Trifon |last4=Henning |first4=Thomas |last5=Kemmer |first5=Jonas |last6=Caballero |first6=José |display-authors=5 |title=The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs - Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star |url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/02/aa45322-22/aa45322-22.html |journal=] |publication-date=2023-02-10 |volume=670 |issue=February 2023 |at=A84 |arxiv=2301.02477v2 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202245322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tognetti |first=Laurence |date=2023-02-03 |title=Astronomers discover potential habitable exoplanet only 31 light-years from Earth |url=https://www.space.com/wolf-1069-b-exoplanet-habitable-earth-mass-discovery |work=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nielbock |first=Marcus |date=2023-02-03 |title=A nearby potentially habitable Earth-mass exoplanet |url=https://www.mpia.de/news/science/2023-02-wolf1069b |access-date=2024-10-07 |work=]}}</ref>


==Data Table== ==Data Table==
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="text-align:center"
! |'''Name'''
! Name
! |'''{{abbr|M<sub>⊕</sub>|Mass (in Earth masses)}}'''
! M🜨
! |'''{{abbr|R<sub>⊕</sub>|Radius (in Earth radii)}}'''
! R🜨
! |'''{{abbr|g|Surface gravity (1 – standard Earth gravity)}}'''
! g
! |'''{{abbr|T<sub>s</sub>|Surface temperature}}'''
! Ts
! |'''{{abbr|''a''|Semi-major axis in astronomical units}}'''
! ''a''
! |'''{{abbr|''e''|Orbital eccentricity}}'''
! ''e''
! class="unsortable" |{{abbr||Main source}}
! class="unsortable" |
! |'''{{abbr|D|Distance from the Sun in lightyears}}'''
! D
|- class="sorttop"
!
! {{Vertical header|Mass (in Earth masses)}}
! {{Vertical header|Radius (in Earth radii)}}
! {{Vertical header|Surface gravity (1 – standard Earth gravity)}}
! {{Vertical header|Surface temperature}}
! {{Vertical header|Semi-major axis in astronomical units}}
! {{Vertical header|Orbital eccentricity}}
! {{Vertical header|Main source}}
! {{Vertical header|Distance from the Sun in lightyears}}
|- |-
| ]|| ≥1.27 || ~1.1|| || {{free|234 K <br />-39°C}} || 0.05||<0.35 || <ref name="nature_paper" />||4.22
| ]|| ≥1.27 || ~1.1|| || {{free|234 K <br/>-39°C}} || 0.05||<0.35 || <ref name="nature_paper">{{cite journal|last1=Anglada-Escudé|first1=Guillem|last2=Amado|first2=Pedro J.|last3=Barnes|first3=John|last4=Berdiñas|first4=Zaira M.|last5=Butler|first5=R. Paul|last6=Coleman|first6=Gavin A. L.|last7=de la Cueva|first7=Ignacio|last8=Dreizler|first8=Stefan|last9=Endl|first9=Michael|last10=Giesers|first10=Benjamin|last11=Jeffers|first11=Sandra V.|last12=Jenkins|first12=James S.|last13=Jones|first13=Hugh R. A.|last14=Kiraga|first14=Marcin|last15=Kürster|first15=Martin|last16=López-González|first16=Marίa J.|last17=Marvin|first17=Christopher J.|last18=Morales|first18=Nicolás|last19=Morin|first19=Julien|last20=Nelson|first20=Richard P.|last21=Ortiz|first21=José L.|last22=Ofir|first22=Aviv|last23=Paardekooper|first23=Sijme-Jan|last24=Reiners|first24=Ansgar|last25=Rodríguez|first25=Eloy|last26=Rodrίguez-López|first26=Cristina|last27=Sarmiento|first27=Luis F.|last28=Strachan|first28=John P.|last29=Tsapras|first29=Yiannis|last30=Tuomi|first30=Mikko|last31=Zechmeister|first31=Mathias|title=A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri|journal=Nature|date=25 August 2016|volume=536|issue=7617|pages=437–440|arxiv=1609.03449 |doi=10.1038/nature19106|language=en|issn=0028-0836|pmid=27558064|bibcode = 2016Natur.536..437A }}</ref>||4.22
|- |-
| ]||~7 || || || {{free|39 K<br/>-234&nbsp;°C}}<ref name="ProximaCSource1">{{cite news |last1=Wall |first1=Mike |date=12 April 2019 |title=Possible 2nd Planet Spotted Around Proxima Centauri |url=https://www.space.com/proxima-centauri-possible-second-exoplanet.html |website=Space.com |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref> || ~1.489||~0.04 || ||4.22 | ]||~7 || || || {{free|39 K<br />-234&nbsp;°C}}<ref name="ProximaCSource1">{{cite news |last1=Wall |first1=Mike |date=12 April 2019 |title=Possible 2nd Planet Spotted Around Proxima Centauri |url=https://www.space.com/proxima-centauri-possible-second-exoplanet.html |website=Space.com |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref> || ~1.489||~0.04 || ||4.22
|- |-
| ]||≥3.23|||| || {{free|105 K<br/>-168.15&nbsp;°C}} || 0.404 || 0.32 ||<ref> name="Barnard">https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1837/eso1837a.pdf</ref>||5.958 | ]||≥1.40|||||| {{free|213 to 301 K<br /> -60 to 28 °C }} || || || ||11.03
|- |-
| ]||≥1.40|||||| {{free|213 to 301 K<br/> -60 to 28 °C }} || || || ||11.03 | ]|| ≥2.89||≥1.35|| || {{free|259 K<br />-14&nbsp;°C}}|| 0.091 || 0.10 || ||12.20
|- |-
| ]|| ≥4.3||≥1.64|| ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || || ||<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|title=HEC: Data of Potentially Habitable Worlds - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=2013-01-26|archive-date=2012-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601044944/http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||13.8
| ]|| ≥2.89||≥1.35|| || {{free|259 K<br/>-14&nbsp;°C}}|| 0.091 || 0.10 || ||12.20
|- |-
| ]|| ≥1.36||≥1.44|| ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || || || ||13.8 | ]|| ≥5.21||≥2.04|| ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || || || ||13.8
|- |-
|]
| ]|| ≥4.3||≥1.64|| ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || || ||<ref name="ReferenceA">http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data</ref> ||13.8
|1.26
|1.08
|
|{{free|250.1 K<br />-23.1&nbsp;°C}}
|0.0672
|
|<ref name="Kossakowski 2023" />
|31
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite journal | title=Oligarchic and giant impact growth of terrestrial planets in the presence of gas giant planet migration | url=http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2005/38/aa3453-05/aa3453-05.html | last1=Fogg | first1=M. J. | last2=Nelson | first2=R. P. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | date=2005 | volume=441 | issue=2 | pages=791–806 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053453 | bibcode=2005A&A...441..791F | arxiv=astro-ph/0507180 | s2cid=15248175 }}</ref>
| ]|| ≥5.21||≥2.04|| ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || || || ||13.8
||6.8|| || ||{{bad|650 K<br />377&nbsp;°C}}<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rivera | first1 = E. |display-authors=etal | year = 2005 | title = A ~7.5 M<sub>🜨</sub> Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 634 | issue = 1| pages = 625–640 | doi=10.1086/491669 | bibcode=2005ApJ...634..625R|arxiv = astro-ph/0510508 | s2cid = 14122053 }}</ref> || 0.021||0.21||<ref>Eugenio J. Rivera, Gregory Laughlin, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Nader Haghighipour, Stefano Meschiari (2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration".</ref>||15
|- |-
| ]|| ≥2 || || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || || ||<ref name="arxiv.org"/><br /><ref>http://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/tuomi/hec_orbit_GJ_682_b.png {{Bare URL image|date=March 2022}}</ref><br /><ref name="ReferenceA"/> ||16
| ]<ref>{{cite journal | title=Oligarchic and giant impact growth of terrestrial planets in the presence of gas giant planet migration | url=http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2005/38/aa3453-05/aa3453-05.html | last1=Fogg | first1=M. J. | last2=Nelson | first2=R. P. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | date=2005 | volume=441 | issue=2 | pages=791–806 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053453 | bibcode=2005A&A...441..791F | arxiv=astro-ph/0507180 }}</ref>
||6.8|| || ||{{bad|650 K<br/>377&nbsp;°C}}<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rivera | first1 = E. |display-authors=etal | year = 2005 | title = A ~7.5 M⊕ Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 634 | issue = 1| pages = 625–640 | doi=10.1086/491669 | bibcode=2005ApJ...634..625R|arxiv = astro-ph/0510508 }}</ref> || 0.021||0.21||<ref>Eugenio J. Rivera, Gregory Laughlin, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Nader Haghighipour, Stefano Meschiari (2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration".</ref>||15
|- |-
| ]||≥5.4 || || || {{won|251 K<br />-22 °C}}
| ]|| ≥2 || || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || || ||<ref name="arxiv.org"/><br/><ref>http://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/tuomi/hec_orbit_GJ_682_b.png</ref><br/><ref name="ReferenceA"/> ||16
|| 0.162 || 0.03 || <ref name="phl.upr.edu"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/gliese832|title=A Nearby Super-Earth with the Right Temperature but Extreme Seasons - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=13 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513221647/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/gliese832|url-status=dead}}</ref>||16.16
|- |-
| ]||≥5.4 || || || {{won|251 K<br>-22 °C}} | ]|| ≥2.7 || || || {{bad|660 K<br /> 387&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }} || 0.1207 || 0||<ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71
|| 0.162 || 0.03 || <ref name="phl.upr.edu"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/gliese832|title=A Nearby Super-Earth with the Right Temperature but Extreme Seasons - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref>||16.16
|- |-
| ]|| ≥2.7 || || || {{bad|660 K<br/> 387&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }} || 0.1207 || 0||<ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71 | ]|| ≥2.4 || || || {{bad|508 K<br /> 235&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }} || 0.2036 || 0|| <ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71
|- |-
| ]|| ≥2.4 || || || {{bad|508 K<br/> 235&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }} || 0.2036 || 0|| <ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71 | ]|| ≥4.8 || || || {{bad|388 K<br /> 115&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }}
|-
| ]|| ≥4.8 || || || {{bad|388 K<br/> 115&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }}
|| 0.3499 || 0||<ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71 || 0.3499 || 0||<ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71
|- |-
| ]||≥1.7|| || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || 0.029||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010"/>||20 | ]||≥1.7|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.029||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010"/>||20
|- |-


| ]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Valencia |title=Radius and Structure Models of the First Super-Earth Planet | year=2007 |journal=]|volume=656|issue=1|pages=545–551|doi=10.1086/509800 |last2=Sasselov |first2=Dimitar D. |last3=O'Connell |first3=Richard J. |bibcode=2007ApJ...656..545V|arxiv = astro-ph/0610122 }}</ref>||≥5.6|| || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || 0.072||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010">{{cite journal | last1=Vogt|first1= S. S.| year=2010|title=The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637x/723/1/954| bibcode=2010ApJ...723..954V| volume=723|issue= 1| journal=The Astrophysical Journal| pages=954–965|arxiv = 1009.5733 }}</ref>||20 | ]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Valencia |title=Radius and Structure Models of the First Super-Earth Planet | year=2007 |journal=]|volume=656|issue=1|pages=545–551|doi=10.1086/509800 |last2=Sasselov |first2=Dimitar D. |last3=O'Connell |first3=Richard J. |bibcode=2007ApJ...656..545V|arxiv = astro-ph/0610122 |s2cid=17656317 }}</ref>||≥5.6|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.072||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010">{{cite journal | last1=Vogt|first1= S. S.| year=2010|title=The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637x/723/1/954| bibcode=2010ApJ...723..954V| volume=723|issue= 1| journal=The Astrophysical Journal| pages=954–965|arxiv = 1009.5733 |s2cid= 3163906}}</ref>||20
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=2007A&A...476.1365V|title=The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581|author1=von Bloh, W. |author2=Bounama, C. |author3=Cuntz, M. |author4=Franck, S. |journal=]|volume=476|issue=3|pages=1365–1371|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077939|date=2007|arxiv = 0705.3758 }}</ref>||≥5.6|| 2.34<ref name="hec">. The values are just the best estimates and are subject to change.</ref>|| 1.27<ref name="hec"/>||{{free|233 K<br/>-41&nbsp;°C}}<ref name="hec"/> | ]<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=2007A&A...476.1365V|title=The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581|author1=von Bloh, W. |author2=Bounama, C. |author3=Cuntz, M. |author4=Franck, S. |journal=]|volume=476|issue=3|pages=1365–1371|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077939|date=2007|arxiv = 0705.3758 |s2cid=14475537}}</ref>||≥5.6|| 2.34<ref name="hec">. The values are just the best estimates and are subject to change.</ref>|| 1.27<ref name="hec"/>||{{free|233 K<br />-41&nbsp;°C}}<ref name="hec"/>
|| 0.218||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010"/>||20 || 0.218||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010"/>||20
|- |-
| ]||4.5 ||1.6 || ||{{bad|700 K<br/>427&nbsp;°C }} | ]||4.5 ||1.6 || ||{{bad|700 K<br />427&nbsp;°C }}
|| || ||<ref>http://phys.org/news/2015-07-astronomers-star-super-earths.html</ref> || 21 || || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://phys.org/news/2015-07-astronomers-star-super-earths.html|title=Astronomers find star with three super-Earths}}</ref> || 21
|- |-
| ] || 6.30 || || 1.44 ||{{bad|445 K<br/> | ] || 6.30 || || 1.44 ||{{bad|445 K<br />
172&nbsp;°C}} 172&nbsp;°C}}
|| 0.05 || 0.09 || <ref name="hec"/> || 22 || 0.05 || 0.09 || <ref name="hec"/> || 22
|- |-
|]<ref>{{cite journal|arxiv=1111.5019|author1=Bonfils|author2=Delfosse|author3=Udry|author4=Forveille|author5=Mayor|author6=Perrier|author7=Bouchy|author8=Gillon|author9=Lovis|title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample|date=2011|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201014704|bibcode=2013A&A...549A.109B|volume=549|journal=Astronomy|page=A109}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/apotentialhabitableexoplanetinanearbytriplestarsystem|title=A Potential Habitable Exoplanet in a Nearby Triple Star System - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref>|| 3.8 || || 1.32 ||{{won|302 K <br/>29&nbsp;°C }} |]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201014704 |last1=Bonfils |first1=Xavier |last2=Delfosse |first2=Xavier |last3=Udry |first3=Stéphane |last4=Forveille |first4=Thierry |last5=Mayor |first5=Michel |last6=Perrier |first6=Christian |last7=Bouchy |first7=François |last8=Gillon |first8=Michaël |last9=Lovis |first9=Christophe |last10=Pepe |first10=Francesco |last11=Queloz |first11=Didier |last12=Santos |first12=Nuno C. |last13=Ségransan |first13=Damien |last14=Bertaux |first14=Jean-Loup |title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=2011 |volume=549 |bibcode=2013A&A...549A.109B |arxiv = 1111.5019 |pages=A109 |s2cid=119288366 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/apotentialhabitableexoplanetinanearbytriplestarsystem|title=A Potential Habitable Exoplanet in a Nearby Triple Star System - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225032824/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/apotentialhabitableexoplanetinanearbytriplestarsystem|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| 3.8 || || 1.32 ||{{won|302 K <br />29&nbsp;°C }}
|| 0.13 || 0.34 || <ref name="hec"/> || 22 || 0.13 || 0.34 || <ref name="hec"/> || 22
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Vogt |first=Steven |arxiv=0912.2599 |title=A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis |year=2010 |author2=Wittenmyer |author3=Paul Butler |author4=Simon O'Toole |author5=Henry |author6=Rivera |author7=Stefano Meschiari |author8=Gregory Laughlin |author9=Tinney |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1366 |bibcode=2010ApJ...708.1366V |volume=708 |issue=2 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |pages=1366–1375}}</ref>||≥5.1|| || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || 0.050||0.12||<ref>Vogt, Steven (2009). \"A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis</ref>||28 | ]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Vogt |first=Steven |arxiv=0912.2599 |title=A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis |year=2010 |author2=Wittenmyer |author3=Paul Butler |author4=Simon O'Toole |author5=Henry |author6=Rivera |author7=Stefano Meschiari |author8=Gregory Laughlin |author9=Tinney |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1366 |bibcode=2010ApJ...708.1366V |volume=708 |issue=2 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |pages=1366–1375|s2cid=1979253 }}</ref>||≥5.1|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.050||0.12||<ref>Vogt, Steven (2009). \"A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis</ref>||28
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite journal|title=A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?|first=L|last=Kaltenegger|first2=S|last2=Udry|first3=F|last3=Pepe|date=2011|arxiv=1108.3561|bibcode=2011arXiv1108.3561K|volume=1108|pages=3561}}</ref>||≥3.6|| 1.74<ref name="hec"/>||1.33<ref name="hec"/> ||{{won|351 K<br/>78&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} | ]<ref>{{cite journal|title=A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?|first1=L|last1=Kaltenegger|first2=S|last2=Udry|first3=F|last3=Pepe|date=2011|arxiv=1108.3561|bibcode=2011arXiv1108.3561K|volume=1108|pages=3561}}</ref>||≥3.6|| 1.74<ref name="hec"/>||1.33<ref name="hec"/> ||{{won|351 K<br />78&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}}
|| 0.26||0.11||<ref name="Kaltenegger">Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. (2011). A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?</ref>||36 || 0.26||0.11||<ref name="Kaltenegger">Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. (2011). A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?</ref>||36
|- |-
| ]|| ≥2.3 || || ||{{won|312 K<br/>39&nbsp;°C }} | ]|| ≥2.3 || || ||{{won|312 K<br />39&nbsp;°C }}
|| || ||<ref name="arxiv.org"/><ref name="phl.upr.edu">{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|title=HEC: Data of Potentially Habitable Worlds - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> ||38 || || ||<ref name="arxiv.org"/><ref name="phl.upr.edu">{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|title=HEC: Data of Potentially Habitable Worlds - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=1 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601044944/http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||38


|- |-
| ]|| || || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature21360 | url = http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1706/eso1706a.pdf | volume=542 | issue = 7642 | title=Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 | journal=Nature | pages=456–460 | pmid=28230125 | pmc=5330437 | last1 = Gillon | first1 = M | last2 = Triaud | first2 = AH | last3 = Demory | first3 = BO | last4 = Jehin | first4 = E | last5 = Agol | first5 = E | last6 = Deck | first6 = KM | last7 = Lederer | first7 = SM | last8 = de Wit | first8 = J | last9 = Burdanov | first9 = A | last10 = Ingalls | first10 = JG | last11 = Bolmont | first11 = E | last12 = Leconte | first12 = J | last13 = Raymond | first13 = SN | last14 = Selsis | first14 = F | last15 = Turbet | first15 = M | last16 = Barkaoui | first16 = K | last17 = Burgasser | first17 = A | last18 = Burleigh | first18 = MR | last19 = Carey | first19 = SJ | last20 = Chaushev | first20 = A | last21 = Copperwheat | first21 = CM | last22 = Delrez | first22 = L | last23 = Fernandes | first23 = CS | last24 = Holdsworth | first24 = DL | last25 = Kotze | first25 = EJ | last26 = Van Grootel | first26 = V | last27 = Almleaky | first27 = Y | last28 = Benkhaldoun | first28 = Z | last29 = Magain | first29 = P | last30 = Queloz | first30 = D|arxiv = 1703.01424 |bibcode = 2017Natur.542..456G | year = 2017 }}</ref>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature21360 | url = http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1706/eso1706a.pdf | volume=542 | issue = 7642 | title=Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 | journal=Nature | pages=456–460 | pmid=28230125 | pmc=5330437 | last1 = Gillon | first1 = M | last2 = Triaud | first2 = AH | last3 = Demory | first3 = BO | last4 = Jehin | first4 = E | last5 = Agol | first5 = E | last6 = Deck | first6 = KM | last7 = Lederer | first7 = SM | last8 = de Wit | first8 = J | last9 = Burdanov | first9 = A | last10 = Ingalls | first10 = JG | last11 = Bolmont | first11 = E | last12 = Leconte | first12 = J | last13 = Raymond | first13 = SN | last14 = Selsis | first14 = F | last15 = Turbet | first15 = M | last16 = Barkaoui | first16 = K | last17 = Burgasser | first17 = A | last18 = Burleigh | first18 = MR | last19 = Carey | first19 = SJ | last20 = Chaushev | first20 = A | last21 = Copperwheat | first21 = CM | last22 = Delrez | first22 = L | last23 = Fernandes | first23 = CS | last24 = Holdsworth | first24 = DL | last25 = Kotze | first25 = EJ | last26 = Van Grootel | first26 = V | last27 = Almleaky | first27 = Y | last28 = Benkhaldoun | first28 = Z | last29 = Magain | first29 = P | last30 = Queloz | first30 = D|arxiv = 1703.01424 |bibcode = 2017Natur.542..456G | year = 2017 }}</ref>||39.5
|- |-
| ]|| || || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]|| || || ||{{free|282.1 K<br/>9&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]||0.48 || || ||{{free|282.1 K<br />9&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]|| || || ||{{free|246.1 K<br/>-27.1&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free|246.1 K<br />-27.1&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]|| || || ||{{free|219 K<br/>-54&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free|219 K<br />-54&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]|| || || ||{{free|198.6 K<br/>-75&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free|198.6 K<br />-75&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]|| || || ||{{free|169 K<br/>-104&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free|169 K<br />-104&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]<br>(Janssen)||8.6|| || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || 0.016||0.17||<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rebekah |display-authors=etal | year = 2010 | title = Radial velocity planets de-aliased. A new, short period for Super-Earth 55 Cnc e | doi = 10.1088/0004-637x/722/1/937| journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 722 | issue = 1| pages = 937–953 | bibcode=2010ApJ...722..937D|arxiv = 1005.4050 }}</ref>||40 | ]<br />(Janssen)||8.6|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.016||0.17||<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rebekah |display-authors=etal | year = 2010 | title = Radial velocity planets de-aliased. A new, short period for Super-Earth 55 Cnc e | doi = 10.1088/0004-637x/722/1/937| journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 722 | issue = 1| pages = 937–953 | bibcode=2010ApJ...722..937D|arxiv = 1005.4050 |s2cid=118592734 }}</ref>||40
|- |-
| ]<ref name="Mayor2009">{{cite journal|author1=M. Mayor |author2=S. Udry |author3=C. Lovis |author4=F. Pepe |author5=D. Queloz |author6=W. Benz |author7=J.-L. Bertaux |author8=F. Bouchy |author9=C. Mordasini |author10=D. Segransan |title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)|arxiv=0806.4587|bibcode = 2009A&A...493..639M |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200810451|date= 2009|journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume= 493|issue= 2|pages= 639–644 }}</ref>||≥4.2|| || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || 0.047||0.2||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42 | ]<ref name="Mayor2009">{{cite journal|author1=M. Mayor |author2=S. Udry |author3=C. Lovis |author4=F. Pepe |author5=D. Queloz |author6=W. Benz |author7=J.-L. Bertaux |author8=F. Bouchy |author9=C. Mordasini |author10=D. Segransan |title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)|arxiv=0806.4587|bibcode = 2009A&A...493..639M |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200810451|date= 2009|journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume= 493|issue= 2|pages= 639–644 |s2cid=116365802 }}</ref>||≥4.2|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.047||0.2||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42
|- |-
| ]<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||≥6.8|| || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || 0.081||0.06||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42 | ]<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||≥6.8|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.081||0.06||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite journal|arxiv=0901.1698|author=Barnes, R., Jackson, B., Raymond, S., West, A., Greenberg, R.|title=The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?|journal=]|date=2009|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006|volume=695|issue=2|pages=1006–1011|bibcode=2009ApJ...695.1006B}}</ref>||≥9.2|| || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || 0.134||0.07||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42 | ]<ref>{{cite journal|arxiv=0901.1698|author=Barnes, R., Jackson, B., Raymond, S., West, A., Greenberg, R.|title=The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?|journal=]|date=2009|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006|volume=695|issue=2|pages=1006–1011|bibcode=2009ApJ...695.1006B|s2cid=18849636}}</ref>||≥9.2|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.134||0.07||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42
|- |-
| ]|| ≥3.5 || || ||{{free| -<br/> -}} || 0.1886 ||0.15|| <ref name="tuomi12"/>||42 | ]|| ≥3.5 || || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.1886 ||0.15|| <ref name="tuomi12"/>||42
|- |-
| ]|| ≥5.2 || || ||{{free|385 K<br/>112&nbsp;°C }} | ]|| ≥5.2 || || ||{{free|385 K<br />112&nbsp;°C }}
|| 0.247 ||0.02|| <ref name="tuomi12"/>||42 || 0.247 ||0.02|| <ref name="tuomi12"/>||42
|- |-
| ]|| ≥7.1 || || || {{free|284 K<br/>11&nbsp;°C<ref>{{cite web |title=HEC: Data of Potential Habitable Worlds |url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data |date=November 12, 2012 |publisher=] (Planetary Habitability Laboratory)}}</ref>}} | ]|| ≥7.1 || || || {{free|284 K<br />11&nbsp;°C<ref>{{cite web |title=HEC: Data of Potential Habitable Worlds |url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data |date=November 12, 2012 |publisher=] (Planetary Habitability Laboratory) |access-date=January 26, 2013 |archive-date=June 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601044944/http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
|| 0.600 ||0.29||<ref name="tuomi12"/>||42 || 0.600 ||0.29||<ref name="tuomi12"/>||42
|- |-
Line 119: Line 214:
'''Note''': There is no ] about terrestrial composition of most of the planets in the list. Sources in the "Main source" column confirm the ''possibility'' of terrestrial composition. '''Note''': There is no ] about terrestrial composition of most of the planets in the list. Sources in the "Main source" column confirm the ''possibility'' of terrestrial composition.


In September 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting ]<ref name="Simbad-20120920">{{cite web|author=Staff |title=LHS 188 -- High proper-motion Star |url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HIP+19394 |date=September 20, 2012 |publisher=](Strasbourg astronomical Data Center) |access-date=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> was announced.<ref name="PHL-20120829">{{cite web |last=Méndez |first=Abel |title=A Hot Potential Habitable Exoplanet around Gliese 163|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/ahotpotentialhabitableexoplanetaroundgliese163 |date=August 29, 2012|publisher=] (Planetary Habitability Laboratory)|access-date=September 20, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Space-20120920">{{cite news |last=Redd |first = Nola Taylor|title=Newfound Alien Planet a Top Contender to Host Life|url=http://www.space.com/17684-alien-planet-gliese-163c-extraterrestrial-life.html|date=September 20, 2012|work=] |access-date=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> One of the planets, ], about 6.9 times the mass of Earth and somewhat hotter, was considered to be within the ], but is probably not terrestrial.<ref name="PHL-20120829"/><ref name="Space-20120920"/> In May 2016, the finding of three Earth-like planets of ultracool dwarf ] has been released. In September 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting ]<ref name="Simbad-20120920">{{cite web|author=Staff |title=LHS 188 -- High proper-motion Star |url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HIP+19394 |date=September 20, 2012 |publisher=](Strasbourg astronomical Data Center) |access-date=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> was announced.<ref name="PHL-20120829">{{cite web |last=Méndez |first=Abel |title=A Hot Potential Habitable Exoplanet around Gliese 163 |url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/ahotpotentialhabitableexoplanetaroundgliese163 |date=August 29, 2012 |publisher=] (Planetary Habitability Laboratory) |access-date=September 20, 2012 |archive-date=October 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021202448/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/ahotpotentialhabitableexoplanetaroundgliese163 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Space-20120920">{{cite news |last=Redd |first = Nola Taylor|title=Newfound Alien Planet a Top Contender to Host Life|url=http://www.space.com/17684-alien-planet-gliese-163c-extraterrestrial-life.html|date=September 20, 2012|work=] |access-date=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> One of the planets, ], about 6.9 times the mass of Earth and somewhat hotter, was considered to be within the ], but is probably not terrestrial.<ref name="PHL-20120829"/><ref name="Space-20120920"/>
In May 2016, the finding of three Earth-like planets of ultracool dwarf ] has been released.

The existence of the planet ] was refuted in 2022, when a study found that the ] signal shows characteristics of a signal originating from stellar activity, and not from a planet.<ref>https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2022/08/aa43063-22/aa43063-22.html</ref>


==Statistics== ==Statistics==
Line 126: Line 225:
|- |-
! scope="col" |Distance ! scope="col" |Distance
! scope="col" |Lying within<br>the habitable zone ! scope="col" |Lying within<br />the habitable zone
! scope="col" |All ! scope="col" |All
|- |-
Line 153: Line 252:
== See also == == See also ==
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
Line 169: Line 267:
{{exoplanet}} {{exoplanet}}
{{Portal bar|Lists|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System}} {{Portal bar|Lists|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System}}

] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 03:29, 24 December 2024

This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: The article does not yet include recent discoveries such as Teegarden b and c, the planets of L 98-59, Gliese 486 b and Wolf 1069 b.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2024)

This list of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates contains possible terrestrial ("rocky") exoplanets spaced at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System, ordered by increasing distance.

They may be composed primarily of silicate rocks and/or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun.

Exoplanets discovered (incomplete)

This list is incomplete, currently containing 34 exoplanets, 11 of which probably lie inside their star's habitable zone.

There are roughly 2,000 stars at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System (64 of them are yellow-orange "G" stars like the Sun). As many as 15% of them could have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones.

On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarf stars within the Milky Way galaxy. Eleven billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet was then as close as 12 light-years away but (see below) is now estimated slightly above four light-years away.

On August 24, 2016, astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, the closest star to Earth (not counting the Sun). Called Proxima b, the planet is 1.3 times the mass of Earth and has an orbital period of roughly 11.2 Earth days. However, Proxima Centauri's classification as a red dwarf casts doubts on the habitability of any exoplanets in its orbit due to low stellar flux, high probability of tidal locking, small circumstellar habitable zones and high stellar variation. Another likely candidate is Alpha Centauri, Earth's nearest Sun-like star system 4.37 light-years away. Estimates place the probability of finding a habitable planet around Alpha Centauri A or B at roughly 75%. Alpha Centauri is the target of several exoplanet-finding missions, including Breakthrough Starshot and Mission Centaur, the latter of which is chronicled in the 2016 documentary film The Search for Earth Proxima.

In 2023, astronomers used the radial velocity method to confirm that the exoplanet Wolf 1069 b sits in the habitable zone of Wolf 1069. Located 31 light years from Earth, this planet is 1.26 times the mass of Earth and has a radius of 1.08 times the Earth's. Though Wolf 1069 b is likely tidally locked, its daylight side may still be habitable. It has similar characteristics to Proxima Centauri b and is one of the nearest discovered potentially habitable exoplanets to Earth. Wolf 1069 b is likely rocky, with an Earth-like composition, and climate models suggest that it is habitable for a broad range of possible atmospheres although the nature of its true atmosphere is unknown. Characterizing its atmosphere is more difficult than with a transiting exoplanet as transmission spectroscopy is inapplicable, and instruments for alternative techniques such as analysis of thermal emission and reflected light are not yet available. The angular separation between Wolf 1069 b and its star is also small, which further complicates these measurements.

Data Table

Name M🜨 R🜨 g Ts a e D
Mass (in Earth masses) Radius (in Earth radii) Surface gravity (1 – standard Earth gravity) Surface temperature Semi-major axis in astronomical units Orbital eccentricity Main source Distance from the Sun in lightyears
Proxima Centauri b ≥1.27 ~1.1 234 K
-39°C		 0.05 <0.35 4.22
Proxima Centauri c ~7 39 K
-234 °C		 ~1.489 ~0.04 4.22
Ross 128 b ≥1.40 213 to 301 K
-60 to 28 °C		 11.03
Luyten b ≥2.89 ≥1.35 259 K
-14 °C		 0.091 0.10 12.20
Wolf 1061c ≥4.3 ≥1.64 -
-		 13.8
Wolf 1061d ≥5.21 ≥2.04 -
-		 13.8
Wolf 1069 b 1.26 1.08 250.1 K
-23.1 °C 		0.0672 31
Gliese 876 d 6.8 650 K
377 °C		 0.021 0.21 15
Gliese 682 b ≥2 -
-

16
Gliese 832 c ≥5.4 251 K
-22 °C 		0.162 0.03 16.16
82 G. Eridani b ≥2.7 660 K
387 °C		 0.1207 0 19.71
82 G. Eridani c ≥2.4 508 K
235 °C		 0.2036 0 19.71
82 G. Eridani d ≥4.8 388 K
115 °C 		0.3499 0 19.71
Gliese 581 e ≥1.7 -
-		 0.029 0 20
Gliese 581 c ≥5.6 -
-		 0.072 0 20
Gliese 581 d ≥5.6 2.34 1.27 233 K
-41 °C 		0.218 0 20
HD 219134 b 4.5 1.6 700 K
427 °C 		21
Gliese 667 Cb 6.30 1.44 445 K

172 °C

0.05 0.09 22
Gliese 667 Cc 3.8 1.32 302 K
29 °C 		0.13 0.34 22
61 Virginis b ≥5.1 -
-		 0.050 0.12 28
HD 85512 b ≥3.6 1.74 1.33 351 K
78 °C 		0.26 0.11 36
GJ 180 b ≥2.3 312 K
39 °C 		38
TRAPPIST-1b -
-		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1c -
-		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1d 0.48 282.1 K
9 °C		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1e 246.1 K
-27.1 °C		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1f 219 K
-54 °C		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1g 198.6 K
-75 °C		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1h 169 K
-104 °C		 39.5
55 Cancri e
(Janssen)		 8.6 -
-		 0.016 0.17 40
HD 40307 b ≥4.2 -
-		 0.047 0.2 42
HD 40307 c ≥6.8 -
-		 0.081 0.06 42
HD 40307 d ≥9.2 -
-		 0.134 0.07 42
HD 40307 e ≥3.5 -
-		 0.1886 0.15 42
HD 40307 f ≥5.2 385 K
112 °C 		0.247 0.02 42
HD 40307 g ≥7.1 284 K
11 °C 		0.600 0.29 42

Note: There is no scientific consensus about terrestrial composition of most of the planets in the list. Sources in the "Main source" column confirm the possibility of terrestrial composition.

In September 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting Gliese 163 was announced. One of the planets, Gliese 163 c, about 6.9 times the mass of Earth and somewhat hotter, was considered to be within the habitable zone, but is probably not terrestrial.

In May 2016, the finding of three Earth-like planets of ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1 has been released.

The existence of the planet Gliese 832 c was refuted in 2022, when a study found that the radial velocity signal shows characteristics of a signal originating from stellar activity, and not from a planet.

Statistics

Distance from the Solar System
Distance Lying within
the habitable zone 		All
< 10 light-years 0 (2?) 2
< 20 light-years 6 15
< 30 light-years 8 22
< 40 light-years 10 24
< 50 light-years 11 31

Note: in most cases the composition of the atmosphere and atmosphere pressure of exoplanets are unknown, so surface temperatures are estimates based on computer models and expert opinions.

See also

References

  1. ^ Pepe, F.; et al. (2011), "The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone: I – Very low-mass planets around HD20794, HD85512 and HD192310", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 534: A58, arXiv:1108.3447, Bibcode:2011A&A...534A..58P, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117055, S2CID 15088852
  2. ^ Schneider, Jean, "Star: HD 20794", Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia, archived from the original on October 8, 2011, retrieved 2011-12-05
  3. ^ Tuomi, Mikko; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Gerlach, Enrico; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Reiners, Ansgar; Rivera, Eugenio J.; Vogt, Steven S.; Butler, R. Paul (17 December 2012). "Habitable-zone super-Earth candidate in a six-planet system around the K2.5V star HD 40307". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 549: A48. arXiv:1211.1617. Bibcode:2013A&A...549A..48T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220268. S2CID 7424216.
  4. "Stars within 50 light years". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  5. "G stars within 100 light-years". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  6. ^ Tuomi, Mikko; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Barnes, John R.; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Jenkins, James S. (2014). "Bayesian search for low-mass planets around nearby M dwarfs. Estimates for occurrence rate based on global detectability statistics". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 441 (2): 1545–1569. arXiv:1403.0430. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.441.1545T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu358.
  7. ^ Overbye, Dennis (November 4, 2013). "Far-Off Planets Like the Earth Dot the Galaxy". New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  8. ^ Petigura, Eric A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W. (October 31, 2013). "Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (48): 19273–19278. arXiv:1311.6806. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11019273P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319909110. PMC 3845182. PMID 24191033.
  9. Khan, Amina (November 4, 2013). "Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  10. ^ Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri" (PDF). Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. S2CID 4451513.
  11. Billings, Lee. "Miniature Space Telescope Could Boost the Hunt for "Earth Proxima"". Scientific American.
  12. "The Search for Earth Proxima". The Atlantic.
  13. ^ Kossakowski, Diana; Kürster, Martin; Trifonov, Trifon; Henning, Thomas; Kemmer, Jonas; et al. (2023-02-10). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs - Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 670 (February 2023). A84. arXiv:2301.02477v2. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245322.
  14. Tognetti, Laurence (2023-02-03). "Astronomers discover potential habitable exoplanet only 31 light-years from Earth". Space.com.
  15. Nielbock, Marcus (2023-02-03). "A nearby potentially habitable Earth-mass exoplanet". Max Planck Institute for Astronomy. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
  16. Wall, Mike (12 April 2019). "Possible 2nd Planet Spotted Around Proxima Centauri". Space.com. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  17. ^ "HEC: Data of Potentially Habitable Worlds - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo". Archived from the original on 2012-06-01. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
  18. Fogg, M. J.; Nelson, R. P. (2005). "Oligarchic and giant impact growth of terrestrial planets in the presence of gas giant planet migration". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 441 (2): 791–806. arXiv:astro-ph/0507180. Bibcode:2005A&A...441..791F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053453. S2CID 15248175.
  19. Rivera, E.; et al. (2005). "A ~7.5 M🜨 Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876". The Astrophysical Journal. 634 (1): 625–640. arXiv:astro-ph/0510508. Bibcode:2005ApJ...634..625R. doi:10.1086/491669. S2CID 14122053.
  20. Eugenio J. Rivera, Gregory Laughlin, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Nader Haghighipour, Stefano Meschiari (2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration".
  21. http://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/tuomi/hec_orbit_GJ_682_b.png
  22. ^ "HEC: Data of Potentially Habitable Worlds - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo". Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  23. "A Nearby Super-Earth with the Right Temperature but Extreme Seasons - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo". Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  24. ^ Vogt, S. S. (2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581". The Astrophysical Journal. 723 (1): 954–965. arXiv:1009.5733. Bibcode:2010ApJ...723..954V. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/723/1/954. S2CID 3163906.
  25. Valencia; Sasselov, Dimitar D.; O'Connell, Richard J. (2007). "Radius and Structure Models of the First Super-Earth Planet". The Astrophysical Journal. 656 (1): 545–551. arXiv:astro-ph/0610122. Bibcode:2007ApJ...656..545V. doi:10.1086/509800. S2CID 17656317.
  26. von Bloh, W.; Bounama, C.; Cuntz, M.; Franck, S. (2007). "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 476 (3): 1365–1371. arXiv:0705.3758. Bibcode:2007A&A...476.1365V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077939. S2CID 14475537.
  27. ^ The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog. The values are just the best estimates and are subject to change.
  28. "Astronomers find star with three super-Earths".
  29. Bonfils, Xavier; Delfosse, Xavier; Udry, Stéphane; Forveille, Thierry; Mayor, Michel; Perrier, Christian; Bouchy, François; Gillon, Michaël; Lovis, Christophe; Pepe, Francesco; Queloz, Didier; Santos, Nuno C.; Ségransan, Damien; Bertaux, Jean-Loup (2011). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 549: A109. arXiv:1111.5019. Bibcode:2013A&A...549A.109B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014704. S2CID 119288366.
  30. "A Potential Habitable Exoplanet in a Nearby Triple Star System - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo". Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  31. Vogt, Steven; Wittenmyer; Paul Butler; Simon O'Toole; Henry; Rivera; Stefano Meschiari; Gregory Laughlin; Tinney (2010). "A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis". The Astrophysical Journal. 708 (2): 1366–1375. arXiv:0912.2599. Bibcode:2010ApJ...708.1366V. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1366. S2CID 1979253.
  32. Vogt, Steven (2009). \"A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis
  33. Kaltenegger, L; Udry, S; Pepe, F (2011). "A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?". 1108: 3561. arXiv:1108.3561. Bibcode:2011arXiv1108.3561K. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  34. Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. (2011). A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?
  35. ^ Gillon, M; Triaud, AH; Demory, BO; Jehin, E; Agol, E; Deck, KM; Lederer, SM; de Wit, J; Burdanov, A; Ingalls, JG; Bolmont, E; Leconte, J; Raymond, SN; Selsis, F; Turbet, M; Barkaoui, K; Burgasser, A; Burleigh, MR; Carey, SJ; Chaushev, A; Copperwheat, CM; Delrez, L; Fernandes, CS; Holdsworth, DL; Kotze, EJ; Van Grootel, V; Almleaky, Y; Benkhaldoun, Z; Magain, P; Queloz, D (2017). "Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1" (PDF). Nature. 542 (7642): 456–460. arXiv:1703.01424. Bibcode:2017Natur.542..456G. doi:10.1038/nature21360. PMC 5330437. PMID 28230125.
  36. Rebekah; et al. (2010). "Radial velocity planets de-aliased. A new, short period for Super-Earth 55 Cnc e". The Astrophysical Journal. 722 (1): 937–953. arXiv:1005.4050. Bibcode:2010ApJ...722..937D. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/722/1/937. S2CID 118592734.
  37. ^ M. Mayor; S. Udry; C. Lovis; F. Pepe; D. Queloz; W. Benz; J.-L. Bertaux; F. Bouchy; C. Mordasini; D. Segransan (2009). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 493 (2): 639–644. arXiv:0806.4587. Bibcode:2009A&A...493..639M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810451. S2CID 116365802.
  38. Barnes, R., Jackson, B., Raymond, S., West, A., Greenberg, R. (2009). "The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?". The Astrophysical Journal. 695 (2): 1006–1011. arXiv:0901.1698. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695.1006B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006. S2CID 18849636.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. "HEC: Data of Potential Habitable Worlds". University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo (Planetary Habitability Laboratory). November 12, 2012. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  40. Staff (September 20, 2012). "LHS 188 -- High proper-motion Star". Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg(Strasbourg astronomical Data Center). Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  41. ^ Méndez, Abel (August 29, 2012). "A Hot Potential Habitable Exoplanet around Gliese 163". University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo (Planetary Habitability Laboratory). Archived from the original on October 21, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  42. ^ Redd, Nola Taylor (September 20, 2012). "Newfound Alien Planet a Top Contender to Host Life". Space.com. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  43. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2022/08/aa43063-22/aa43063-22.html

External links

Exoplanets
Main topics
Sizes
and
types
Terrestrial
Gaseous
Other types
Formation
and
evolution
Systems
Host stars
Detection
Habitability
Catalogues
Lists
Other
Portals: Categories: