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{{short description|Misplaced Pages list article}} {{Short description|None}}
{{Update|reason=The article does not yet include recent discoveries such as Teegarden b and c, the planets of L 98-59, Gliese 486 b and Wolf 1069 b.|date=February 2024}}
This '''list of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates''' contains possible ] ("rocky") ]s spaced at a distance of up to 50 ]s from our ], ordered by increasing distance.<ref name=aaa534>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Pepe | first1=F. | last2=Lovis | first2=C. | last3=Ségransan | first3=D. | last4=Benz | first4=W. |last5=Bouchy | first5=F. | last6=Dumusque | first6=X. | last7=Mayor | first7=M. | last8=Queloz | first8=M. | last9=Queloz | first9=D. | last10=Udry | first10=S. |title=The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone: I – Very low-mass planets around HD20794, HD85512 and HD192310 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=534 | pages=A58 | date=2011 | arxiv=1108.3447 | bibcode=2011A&A...534A..58P | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201117055 }}</ref><ref name=epe_HD_20794>{{citation | first1=Jean | last1=Schneider | publisher=Paris Observatory | title=Star: HD 20794 | work=Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia |url=http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=HD+20794 | accessdate=2011-12-05 }}</ref><ref name="tuomi12">{{Cite journal|last= Tuomi, Anglada-Escude, Gerlach, Jones, Reiners, Rivera, Vogt, Butler|first= Mikko, Guillem, Enrico, Hugh R. R., Ansgar, Eugenio J., Steven S., R. Paul|arxiv= 1211.1617|title= Habitable-zone super-Earth candidate in a six-planet system around the K2.5V star HD 40307|journal= Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume= 549|pages= A48|date= 2012|version= |last2= Anglada-Escude|first2= Guillem|last3= Gerlach|first3= Enrico|last4= Jones|first4= Hugh R. R.|last5= Reiners|first5= Ansgar|last6= Rivera|first6= Eugenio J.|last7= Vogt|first7= Steven S.|last8= Paul Butler|first8= R.|doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201220268|bibcode=2013A&A...549A..48T}}</ref>
This '''list of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates''' contains possible ] ("rocky") ]s spaced at a distance of up to 50 ]s from the ], ordered by increasing distance.<ref name=aaa534>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Pepe | first1=F. | last2=Lovis | first2=C. | last3=Ségransan | first3=D. | last4=Benz | first4=W. |last5=Bouchy | first5=F. | last6=Dumusque | first6=X. | last7=Mayor | first7=M. | last8=Queloz | first8=M. | last9=Queloz | first9=D. | last10=Udry | first10=S. |title=The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone: I – Very low-mass planets around HD20794, HD85512 and HD192310 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=534 | pages=A58 | date=2011 | arxiv=1108.3447 | bibcode=2011A&A...534A..58P | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201117055 | s2cid=15088852 }}</ref><ref name=epe_HD_20794>{{citation | first1=Jean | last1=Schneider | title=Star: HD 20794 |url=http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=HD+20794 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008190015/http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=HD+20794 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 8, 2011 | encyclopedia=] | access-date=2011-12-05 }}</ref><ref name="tuomi12">{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201220268 |last1=Tuomi |first1=Mikko |last2=Anglada-Escudé |first2=Guillem |last3=Gerlach |first3=Enrico |last4=Jones |first4=Hugh R. A. |last5=Reiners |first5=Ansgar |last6=Rivera |first6=Eugenio J. |last7=Vogt |first7=Steven S. |last8=Butler |first8=R. Paul |title=Habitable-zone super-Earth candidate in a six-planet system around the K2.5V star HD 40307 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |date=17 December 2012 |volume=549 |pages=A48 |arxiv=1211.1617 |bibcode=2013A&A...549A..48T |s2cid=7424216 }}</ref>


They may be composed primarily of ] ]s and/or ]s. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the ] closest to the ]. They may be composed primarily of ] ]s and/or ]s. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the ] closest to the ].
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This list is incomplete, currently containing 34 exoplanets, 11 of which probably lie inside their star's ]. This list is incomplete, currently containing 34 exoplanets, 11 of which probably lie inside their star's ].


There are roughly 2,000 stars at a distance of up to 50 light-years from our solar system<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/50lys.html|title=Stars within 50 light years|publisher=|accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref> (64 of them are yellow-orange ] like our sun<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solstation.com/stars3/100-gs.htm|title=G stars within 100 light-years|publisher=|accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref>). As many as 15% of them can have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones.<ref name="arxiv.org">{{Cite journal|arxiv=1403.0430|title= Bayesian search for low-mass planets around nearby M dwarfs. Estimates for occurrence rate based on global detectability statistics|journal= Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume= 441|issue= 2|pages= 1545–1569|publisher=|last1= Tuomi|first1= Mikko|last2= Jones|first2= Hugh R. A.|last3= Barnes|first3= John R.|last4= Anglada-Escudé|first4= Guillem|last5= Jenkins|first5= James S.|year= 2014|doi= 10.1093/mnras/stu358|bibcode = 2014MNRAS.441.1545T }}</ref> There are roughly 2,000 stars at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/50lys.html|title=Stars within 50 light years|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> (64 of them are yellow-orange ] like the Sun<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solstation.com/stars3/100-gs.htm|title=G stars within 100 light-years|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref>). As many as 15% of them could have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones.<ref name="arxiv.org">{{Cite journal|arxiv=1403.0430|title= Bayesian search for low-mass planets around nearby M dwarfs. Estimates for occurrence rate based on global detectability statistics|journal= Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume= 441|issue= 2|pages= 1545–1569|last1= Tuomi|first1= Mikko|last2= Jones|first2= Hugh R. A.|last3= Barnes|first3= John R.|last4= Anglada-Escudé|first4= Guillem|last5= Jenkins|first5= James S.|year= 2014|doi= 10.1093/mnras/stu358|doi-access= free|bibcode = 2014MNRAS.441.1545T }}</ref>


On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on ] data, that there could be as many as 40 billion ] ] orbiting in the ]s of ] stars and ] stars within the ] galaxy.<ref name="NYT-20131104">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis|title=Far-Off Planets Like the Earth Dot the Galaxy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/05/science/cosmic-census-finds-billions-of-planets-that-could-be-like-earth.html |date=November 4, 2013 |work=] |accessdate=November 5, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20131031">{{cite journal |last1=Petigura |first1=Eric A.|last2=Howard |first2=Andrew W. |last3=Marcy |first3=Geoffrey W. |title=Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/10/31/1319909110 |date=October 31, 2013 |journal=]|volume=110|issue=48|pages=19273–19278|doi=10.1073/pnas.1319909110 |accessdate=November 5, 2013 |arxiv = 1311.6806 |bibcode = 2013PNAS..11019273P |pmid=24191033 |pmc=3845182}}</ref> Eleven billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars.<ref name="LATimes-20131104">{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Amina |title=Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets |url=http://www.latimes.com/science/la-sci-earth-like-planets-20131105,0,2673237.story |date=November 4, 2013 |work=] |accessdate=November 5, 2013 }}</ref> The nearest such planet was then as close as 12 light-years away<ref name="NYT-20131104"/><ref name="PNAS-20131031"/> but (see below) is now estimated slightly above four light-years away. On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on ] data, that there could be as many as 40 billion ] ] orbiting in the ]s of ] stars and ] stars within the ] galaxy.<ref name="NYT-20131104">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis|title=Far-Off Planets Like the Earth Dot the Galaxy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/05/science/cosmic-census-finds-billions-of-planets-that-could-be-like-earth.html |date=November 4, 2013 |work=] |access-date=November 5, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20131031">{{cite journal |last1=Petigura |first1=Eric A.|last2=Howard |first2=Andrew W. |last3=Marcy |first3=Geoffrey W. |title=Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars|date=October 31, 2013 |journal=]|volume=110|issue=48|pages=19273–19278|doi=10.1073/pnas.1319909110 |arxiv = 1311.6806 |bibcode = 2013PNAS..11019273P |pmid=24191033 |pmc=3845182|doi-access=free}}</ref> Eleven billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars.<ref name="LATimes-20131104">{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Amina |title=Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets |url=http://www.latimes.com/science/la-sci-earth-like-planets-20131105,0,2673237.story |date=November 4, 2013 |work=] |access-date=November 5, 2013 }}</ref> The nearest such planet was then as close as 12 light-years away<ref name="NYT-20131104"/><ref name="PNAS-20131031"/> but (see below) is now estimated slightly above four light-years away.


On August 24, 2016, astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone of ], the closest star to Earth (not counting the Sun). Called ], the planet is 1.3 times the mass of Earth and has an orbital period of roughly 11.2 Earth days.<ref name="nature_paper">{{cite journal
On August 24, 2016, astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone of ], the closest star to Earth (not counting the Sun). Called ], the planet is 1.3 times the mass of Earth and has an orbital period of roughly 11.2 Earth days.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Anglada-Escudé|first1=Guillem|title=A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri|journal=Nature|date=August 24, 2016|url=http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1629/eso1629a.pdf|doi=10.1038/nature19106|pmid=27558064|volume=536|issue=7617|pages=437–40|arxiv = 1609.03449 |bibcode = 2016Natur.536..437A }}</ref> However, Proxima Centauri's classification as a red dwarf casts doubts on the habitability of any exoplanets in its orbit due to low stellar flux, high probability of ], small circumstellar habitable zones and high stellar variation. Another likely candidate is ], Earth's nearest Sun-like star system 4.37 light-years away. Estimates place the probability of finding a habitable planet around Alpha Centauri A or B at roughly 75%.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Billings|first1=Lee|title=Miniature Space Telescope Could Boost the Hunt for "Earth Proxima"| url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miniature-space-telescope-could-boost-the-hunt-for-earth-proxima-video|website=Scientific American}}</ref> Alpha Centauri is the target of several exoplanet-finding missions, including ] and Mission Centaur, the latter of which is chronicled in the 2016 documentary film ''The Search for Earth Proxima''.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Search for Earth Proxima|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/492266/the-search-for-earth-proxima|website=The Atlantic}}</ref>
| bibcode = 2016Natur.536..437A
| title = A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri
| journal = Nature
| volume = 536
| issue = 7617
| pages = 437–440
| last1 = Anglada-Escudé
| first1 = Guillem
| last2 = Amado
| first2 = Pedro J.
| last3 = Barnes
| first3 = John
| last4 = Berdiñas
| first4 = Zaira M.
| last5 = Butler
| first5 = R. Paul
| last6 = Coleman
| first6 = Gavin A. L.
| last7 = de la Cueva
| first7 = Ignacio
| last8 = Dreizler
| first8 = Stefan
| last9 = Endl
| first9 = Michael
| last10 = Giesers
| first10 = Benjamin
| last11 = Jeffers
| first11 = Sandra V.
| last12 = Jenkins
| first12 = James S.
| last13 = Jones
| first13 = Hugh R. A.
| last14 = Kiraga
| first14 = Marcin
| last15 = Kürster
| first15 = Martin
| last16 = López-González
| first16 = María J.
| last17 = Marvin
| first17 = Christopher J.
| last18 = Morales
| first18 = Nicolás
| last19 = Morin
| first19 = Julien
| last20 = Nelson
| first20 = Richard P.
| last21 = Ortiz
| first21 = José L.
| last22 = Ofir
| first22 = Aviv
| last23 = Paardekooper
| first23 = Sijme-Jan
| last24 = Reiners
| first24 = Ansgar
| last25 = Rodríguez
| first25 = Eloy
| last26 = Rodríguez-López
| first26 = Cristina
| last27 = Sarmiento
| first27 = Luis F.
| last28 = Strachan
| first28 = John P.
| last29 = Tsapras
| first29 = Yiannis
| last30 = Tuomi
| first30 = Mikko
| first31=Mathias |last31=Zechmeister
| display-authors = 3
| year = 2016
| arxiv = 1609.03449
| doi = 10.1038/nature19106
| pmid = 27558064
| s2cid = 4451513
| url=http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1629/eso1629a.pdf
}}</ref> However, Proxima Centauri's classification as a red dwarf casts doubts on the habitability of any exoplanets in its orbit due to low stellar flux, high probability of ], small circumstellar habitable zones and high stellar variation. Another likely candidate is ], Earth's nearest Sun-like star system 4.37 light-years away. Estimates place the probability of finding a habitable planet around Alpha Centauri A or B at roughly 75%.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Billings|first1=Lee|title=Miniature Space Telescope Could Boost the Hunt for "Earth Proxima"| url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miniature-space-telescope-could-boost-the-hunt-for-earth-proxima-video|website=Scientific American}}</ref> Alpha Centauri is the target of several exoplanet-finding missions, including ] and Mission Centaur, the latter of which is chronicled in the 2016 documentary film ''The Search for Earth Proxima''.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Search for Earth Proxima|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/492266/the-search-for-earth-proxima|website=The Atlantic}}</ref>


In 2023, astronomers used the radial velocity method to confirm that the exoplanet ] sits in the habitable zone of ]. Located 31 light years from Earth, this planet is 1.26 times the mass of Earth and has a radius of 1.08 times the Earth's. Though Wolf 1069 b is likely tidally locked, its daylight side may still be habitable. It has similar characteristics to Proxima Centauri b and is one of the nearest discovered potentially habitable exoplanets to Earth. Wolf 1069 b is likely rocky, with an Earth-like composition, and climate models suggest that it is habitable for a broad range of possible atmospheres although the nature of its true atmosphere is unknown. Characterizing its atmosphere is more difficult than with a transiting exoplanet as ] is inapplicable, and instruments for alternative techniques such as analysis of thermal emission and reflected light are not yet available. The angular separation between Wolf 1069 b and its star is also small, which further complicates these measurements.<ref name="Kossakowski 2023">{{Cite journal |last=Kossakowski |first=Diana |last2=Kürster |first2=Martin |last3=Trifonov |first3=Trifon |last4=Henning |first4=Thomas |last5=Kemmer |first5=Jonas |last6=Caballero |first6=José |display-authors=5 |title=The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs - Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star |url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/02/aa45322-22/aa45322-22.html |journal=] |publication-date=2023-02-10 |volume=670 |issue=February 2023 |at=A84 |arxiv=2301.02477v2 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202245322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tognetti |first=Laurence |date=2023-02-03 |title=Astronomers discover potential habitable exoplanet only 31 light-years from Earth |url=https://www.space.com/wolf-1069-b-exoplanet-habitable-earth-mass-discovery |work=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nielbock |first=Marcus |date=2023-02-03 |title=A nearby potentially habitable Earth-mass exoplanet |url=https://www.mpia.de/news/science/2023-02-wolf1069b |access-date=2024-10-07 |work=]}}</ref>
==Table==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
==Data Table==
! |'''Name'''
{{sticky header}}
! class="unsortable" |''' Image (artist's concept) '''
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="text-align:center"
! |'''{{abbr|M<sub>⊕</sub>|Mass (in Earth masses)}}'''
! Name
! |'''{{abbr|R<sub>⊕</sub>|Radius (in Earth radii)}}'''
! M🜨
! |'''{{abbr|g|Surface gravity (1 – standard Earth gravity)}}'''
! R🜨
! |'''{{abbr|T<sub>s</sub>|Surface temperature}}'''
! g
! |'''{{abbr|''a''|Semi-major axis in astronomical units}}'''
! Ts
! |'''{{abbr|''e''|Orbital eccentricity}}'''
! ''a''
! class="unsortable" |{{abbr||Main source}}
! ''e''
! |'''{{abbr|D|Distance from the Sun in lightyears}}'''
! class="unsortable" |
! D
|- class="sorttop"
!
! {{Vertical header|Mass (in Earth masses)}}
! {{Vertical header|Radius (in Earth radii)}}
! {{Vertical header|Surface gravity (1 – standard Earth gravity)}}
! {{Vertical header|Surface temperature}}
! {{Vertical header|Semi-major axis in astronomical units}}
! {{Vertical header|Orbital eccentricity}}
! {{Vertical header|Main source}}
! {{Vertical header|Distance from the Sun in lightyears}}
|- |-
| ]|| ≥1.27 || ~1.1|| || {{free|234 K <br />-39°C}} || 0.05||<0.35 || <ref name="nature_paper" />||4.22
| ]||]||≥1.27 || ~1.1|| || {{free|234 K <br/>-39°C}} || 0.05||<0.35 || <ref name="nature_paper">{{cite journal|last1=Anglada-Escudé|first1=Guillem|last2=Amado|first2=Pedro J.|last3=Barnes|first3=John|last4=Berdiñas|first4=Zaira M.|last5=Butler|first5=R. Paul|last6=Coleman|first6=Gavin A. L.|last7=de la Cueva|first7=Ignacio|last8=Dreizler|first8=Stefan|last9=Endl|first9=Michael|last10=Giesers|first10=Benjamin|last11=Jeffers|first11=Sandra V.|last12=Jenkins|first12=James S.|last13=Jones|first13=Hugh R. A.|last14=Kiraga|first14=Marcin|last15=Kürster|first15=Martin|last16=López-González|first16=Marίa J.|last17=Marvin|first17=Christopher J.|last18=Morales|first18=Nicolás|last19=Morin|first19=Julien|last20=Nelson|first20=Richard P.|last21=Ortiz|first21=José L.|last22=Ofir|first22=Aviv|last23=Paardekooper|first23=Sijme-Jan|last24=Reiners|first24=Ansgar|last25=Rodríguez|first25=Eloy|last26=Rodrίguez-López|first26=Cristina|last27=Sarmiento|first27=Luis F.|last28=Strachan|first28=John P.|last29=Tsapras|first29=Yiannis|last30=Tuomi|first30=Mikko|last31=Zechmeister|first31=Mathias|title=A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri|journal=Nature|date=25 August 2016|volume=536|issue=7617|pages=437–440|arxiv=1609.03449 |doi=10.1038/nature19106|language=en|issn=0028-0836|pmid=27558064|bibcode = 2016Natur.536..437A }}</ref>||4.22
|- |-
| ]||||~7 || || || {{free|39 K<br/>-234&nbsp;°C}}<ref name="ProximaCSource1">{{cite news |last1=Wall |first1=Mike |date=12 April 2019 |title=Possible 2nd Planet Spotted Around Proxima Centauri |url=https://www.space.com/proxima-centauri-possible-second-exoplanet.html |website=Space.com |accessdate=22 July 2020}}</ref> || ~1.489||~0.04 || ||4.22 | ]||~7 || || || {{free|39 K<br />-234&nbsp;°C}}<ref name="ProximaCSource1">{{cite news |last1=Wall |first1=Mike |date=12 April 2019 |title=Possible 2nd Planet Spotted Around Proxima Centauri |url=https://www.space.com/proxima-centauri-possible-second-exoplanet.html |website=Space.com |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref> || ~1.489||~0.04 || ||4.22
|- |-
| ]||≥1.40|||||| {{free|213 to 301 K<br /> -60 to 28 °C }} || || || ||11.03
| ]||]||≥3.23|||| || {{free|105 K<br/>-168.15&nbsp;°C}} || 0.404 || 0.32 ||<ref name="Barnard">https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1837/eso1837a.pdf</ref>||5.958
|- |-
| ]||]||≥1.40|||||| {{free|213–301 K<br/>}} || || || ||11.03 | ]|| ≥2.89||≥1.35|| || {{free|259 K<br />-14&nbsp;°C}}|| 0.091 || 0.10 || ||12.20
|- |-
| ]|| ≥4.3||≥1.64|| ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || || ||<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|title=HEC: Data of Potentially Habitable Worlds - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=2013-01-26|archive-date=2012-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601044944/http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||13.8
| ]|| ||≥2.89||≥1.35|| || {{free|259 K<br/>-14&nbsp;°C}}|| 0.091 || 0.10 || ||12.20
|- |-
| ]|| ||≥1.36||≥1.44|| || || || || ||13.8 | ]|| ≥5.21||≥2.04|| ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || || || ||13.8
|- |-
|]
| ]|| ||≥4.3||≥1.64|| || || || ||<ref name="ReferenceA">http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data</ref> ||13.8
|1.26
|1.08
|
|{{free|250.1 K<br />-23.1&nbsp;°C}}
|0.0672
|
|<ref name="Kossakowski 2023" />
|31
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite journal | title=Oligarchic and giant impact growth of terrestrial planets in the presence of gas giant planet migration | url=http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2005/38/aa3453-05/aa3453-05.html | last1=Fogg | first1=M. J. | last2=Nelson | first2=R. P. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | date=2005 | volume=441 | issue=2 | pages=791–806 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053453 | bibcode=2005A&A...441..791F | arxiv=astro-ph/0507180 | s2cid=15248175 }}</ref>
| ]|| ||≥5.21||≥2.04|| || || || || ||13.8
||6.8|| || ||{{bad|650 K<br />377&nbsp;°C}}<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rivera | first1 = E. |display-authors=etal | year = 2005 | title = A ~7.5 M<sub>🜨</sub> Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 634 | issue = 1| pages = 625–640 | doi=10.1086/491669 | bibcode=2005ApJ...634..625R|arxiv = astro-ph/0510508 | s2cid = 14122053 }}</ref> || 0.021||0.21||<ref>Eugenio J. Rivera, Gregory Laughlin, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Nader Haghighipour, Stefano Meschiari (2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration".</ref>||15
|- |-
| ]|| ≥2 || || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || || ||<ref name="arxiv.org"/><br /><ref>http://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/tuomi/hec_orbit_GJ_682_b.png {{Bare URL image|date=March 2022}}</ref><br /><ref name="ReferenceA"/> ||16
| ]<ref>{{cite journal | title=Oligarchic and giant impact growth of terrestrial planets in the presence of gas giant planet migration | url=http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2005/38/aa3453-05/aa3453-05.html | last1=Fogg | first1=M. J. | last2=Nelson | first2=R. P. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | date=2005 | volume=441 | issue=2 | pages=791–806 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053453 | bibcode=2005A&A...441..791F | arxiv=astro-ph/0507180 }}</ref>||]||6.8|| || ||{{bad|650 K<br/>377&nbsp;°C}}<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rivera | first1 = E. |display-authors=etal | year = 2005 | title = A ~7.5 M⊕ Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876 | url = | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 634 | issue = 1| pages = 625–640 | doi=10.1086/491669 | bibcode=2005ApJ...634..625R|arxiv = astro-ph/0510508 }}</ref> || 0.021||0.21||<ref>Eugenio J. Rivera, Gregory Laughlin, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Nader Haghighipour, Stefano Meschiari (2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration".</ref>||15
|- |-
| ]||≥5.4 || || || {{won|251 K<br />-22 °C}}
| ]|| ||≥2 || || || || || ||<ref name="arxiv.org"/><br/><ref>http://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/tuomi/hec_orbit_GJ_682_b.png</ref><br/><ref name="ReferenceA"/> ||16
|| 0.162 || 0.03 || <ref name="phl.upr.edu"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/gliese832|title=A Nearby Super-Earth with the Right Temperature but Extreme Seasons - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=13 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513221647/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/gliese832|url-status=dead}}</ref>||16.16
|- |-
| ]|| ≥2.7 || || || {{bad|660 K<br /> 387&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }} || 0.1207 || 0||<ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71
| ]||] ||≥5.4 || || || {{won|251 K<br>-22 °C}}
|| 0.162 || 0.03 || <ref name="phl.upr.edu"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/gliese832|title=A Nearby Super-Earth with the Right Temperature but Extreme Seasons - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|publisher=|accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref>||16.16
|- |-
| ]|| || ≥2.7 || || || {{bad|660 K<br/> 387&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }} || 0.1207 || 0||<ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71 | ]|| ≥2.4 || || || {{bad|508 K<br /> 235&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }} || 0.2036 || 0|| <ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71
|- |-
| ]|| || ≥2.4 || || || {{bad|508 K<br/> 235&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }} || 0.2036 || 0|| <ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71 | ]|| ≥4.8 || || || {{bad|388 K<br /> 115&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }}
|-
| ]|| || ≥4.8 || || || {{bad|388 K<br/> 115&nbsp;°C<ref name="aaa534"/> }}
|| 0.3499 || 0||<ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71 || 0.3499 || 0||<ref name=epe_HD_20794/>||19.71
|- |-
| ]||]||≥1.7|| || || || 0.029||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010"/>||20 | ]||≥1.7|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.029||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010"/>||20
|- |-


| ] <ref>{{cite journal |author=Valencia |title=Radius and Structure Models of the First Super-Earth Planet | year=2007 |journal=]|volume=656|issue=1|pages=545–551|doi=10.1086/509800 |last2=Sasselov |first2=Dimitar D. |last3=O'Connell |first3=Richard J. |bibcode=2007ApJ...656..545V|arxiv = astro-ph/0610122 }}</ref>||]||≥5.6|| || || || 0.072||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010">{{cite journal | last1=Vogt|first1= S. S.| year=2010|title=The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637x/723/1/954| bibcode=2010ApJ...723..954V| volume=723|issue= 1| journal=The Astrophysical Journal| pages=954–965|arxiv = 1009.5733 }}</ref>||20 | ]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Valencia |title=Radius and Structure Models of the First Super-Earth Planet | year=2007 |journal=]|volume=656|issue=1|pages=545–551|doi=10.1086/509800 |last2=Sasselov |first2=Dimitar D. |last3=O'Connell |first3=Richard J. |bibcode=2007ApJ...656..545V|arxiv = astro-ph/0610122 |s2cid=17656317 }}</ref>||≥5.6|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.072||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010">{{cite journal | last1=Vogt|first1= S. S.| year=2010|title=The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637x/723/1/954| bibcode=2010ApJ...723..954V| volume=723|issue= 1| journal=The Astrophysical Journal| pages=954–965|arxiv = 1009.5733 |s2cid= 3163906}}</ref>||20
|- |-
| ] <ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=2007A&A...476.1365V|title=The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581|author1=von Bloh, W. |author2=Bounama, C. |author3=Cuntz, M. |author4=Franck, S. |journal=]|volume=476|issue=3|pages=1365–1371|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077939|date=2007|arxiv = 0705.3758 }}</ref>||]||≥5.6|| 2.34<ref name="hec">. The values are just the best estimates and are subject to change.</ref>|| 1.27<ref name="hec"/>||{{free|233 K<br/>-41&nbsp;°C}}<ref name="hec"/> | ]<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=2007A&A...476.1365V|title=The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581|author1=von Bloh, W. |author2=Bounama, C. |author3=Cuntz, M. |author4=Franck, S. |journal=]|volume=476|issue=3|pages=1365–1371|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077939|date=2007|arxiv = 0705.3758 |s2cid=14475537}}</ref>||≥5.6|| 2.34<ref name="hec">. The values are just the best estimates and are subject to change.</ref>|| 1.27<ref name="hec"/>||{{free|233 K<br />-41&nbsp;°C}}<ref name="hec"/>
|| 0.218||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010"/>||20 || 0.218||0||<ref name="Vogt 2010"/>||20
|- |-
| ] ||] ||4.5 ||1.6 || ||{{bad|700 K<br/>427&nbsp;°C }} | ]||4.5 ||1.6 || ||{{bad|700 K<br />427&nbsp;°C }}
|| || ||<ref>http://phys.org/news/2015-07-astronomers-star-super-earths.html</ref> || 21 || || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://phys.org/news/2015-07-astronomers-star-super-earths.html|title=Astronomers find star with three super-Earths}}</ref> || 21
|- |-
| ] ||] || 6.30 || || 1.44 ||{{bad|445 K<br/> | ] || 6.30 || || 1.44 ||{{bad|445 K<br />
172&nbsp;°C}} 172&nbsp;°C}}
|| 0.05 || 0.09 || <ref name="hec"/> || 22 || 0.05 || 0.09 || <ref name="hec"/> || 22
|- |-
|]<ref>{{cite journal|arxiv=1111.5019|author1=Bonfils|author2=Delfosse|author3=Udry|author4=Forveille|author5=Mayor|author6=Perrier|author7=Bouchy|author8=Gillon|author9=Lovis|title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample|date=2011|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201014704|bibcode=2013A&A...549A.109B|volume=549|journal=Astronomy|page=A109}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/apotentialhabitableexoplanetinanearbytriplestarsystem|title=A Potential Habitable Exoplanet in a Nearby Triple Star System - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|publisher=|accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref>||] || 3.8 || || 1.32 ||{{won|302 K <br/>29&nbsp;°C }} |]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201014704 |last1=Bonfils |first1=Xavier |last2=Delfosse |first2=Xavier |last3=Udry |first3=Stéphane |last4=Forveille |first4=Thierry |last5=Mayor |first5=Michel |last6=Perrier |first6=Christian |last7=Bouchy |first7=François |last8=Gillon |first8=Michaël |last9=Lovis |first9=Christophe |last10=Pepe |first10=Francesco |last11=Queloz |first11=Didier |last12=Santos |first12=Nuno C. |last13=Ségransan |first13=Damien |last14=Bertaux |first14=Jean-Loup |title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=2011 |volume=549 |bibcode=2013A&A...549A.109B |arxiv = 1111.5019 |pages=A109 |s2cid=119288366 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/apotentialhabitableexoplanetinanearbytriplestarsystem|title=A Potential Habitable Exoplanet in a Nearby Triple Star System - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225032824/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/apotentialhabitableexoplanetinanearbytriplestarsystem|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| 3.8 || || 1.32 ||{{won|302 K <br />29&nbsp;°C }}
|| 0.13 || 0.34 || <ref name="hec"/> || 22 || 0.13 || 0.34 || <ref name="hec"/> || 22
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Vogt |first=Steven |arxiv=0912.2599 |title=A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis |year=2010 |version= |author2=Wittenmyer |author3=Paul Butler |author4=Simon O'Toole |author5=Henry |author6=Rivera |author7=Stefano Meschiari |author8=Gregory Laughlin |author9=Tinney |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1366 |bibcode=2010ApJ...708.1366V |volume=708 |issue=2 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |pages=1366–1375}}</ref>||]||≥5.1|| || || || 0.050||0.12||<ref>Vogt, Steven (2009). \"A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis</ref>||28 | ]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Vogt |first=Steven |arxiv=0912.2599 |title=A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis |year=2010 |author2=Wittenmyer |author3=Paul Butler |author4=Simon O'Toole |author5=Henry |author6=Rivera |author7=Stefano Meschiari |author8=Gregory Laughlin |author9=Tinney |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1366 |bibcode=2010ApJ...708.1366V |volume=708 |issue=2 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |pages=1366–1375|s2cid=1979253 }}</ref>||≥5.1|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.050||0.12||<ref>Vogt, Steven (2009). \"A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis</ref>||28
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite journal|title=A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?|first=L|last=Kaltenegger|first2=S|last2=Udry|first3=F|last3=Pepe|date=2011|arxiv=1108.3561|bibcode=2011arXiv1108.3561K|volume=1108|pages=3561}}</ref>||]||≥3.6|| 1.74<ref name="hec"/>||1.33<ref name="hec"/> ||{{won|351 K<br/>78&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} | ]<ref>{{cite journal|title=A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?|first1=L|last1=Kaltenegger|first2=S|last2=Udry|first3=F|last3=Pepe|date=2011|arxiv=1108.3561|bibcode=2011arXiv1108.3561K|volume=1108|pages=3561}}</ref>||≥3.6|| 1.74<ref name="hec"/>||1.33<ref name="hec"/> ||{{won|351 K<br />78&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}}
|| 0.26||0.11||<ref name="Kaltenegger">Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. (2011). A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?</ref>||36 || 0.26||0.11||<ref name="Kaltenegger">Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. (2011). A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?</ref>||36
|- |-
| ]|| ||≥2.3 || || ||{{won|312 K<br/>39&nbsp;°C }} | ]|| ≥2.3 || || ||{{won|312 K<br />39&nbsp;°C }}
|| || ||<ref name="arxiv.org"/><ref name="phl.upr.edu">{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|title=HEC: Data of Potentially Habitable Worlds - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|publisher=|accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref> ||38 || || ||<ref name="arxiv.org"/><ref name="phl.upr.edu">{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|title=HEC: Data of Potentially Habitable Worlds - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=1 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601044944/http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||38


|- |-
| ]||]|||| || || || ||||<ref name="eso.org">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature21360 | url = http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1706/eso1706a.pdf | volume=542 | issue = 7642 | title=Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 | journal=Nature | pages=456–460 | pmid=28230125 | pmc=5330437 | last1 = Gillon | first1 = M | last2 = Triaud | first2 = AH | last3 = Demory | first3 = BO | last4 = Jehin | first4 = E | last5 = Agol | first5 = E | last6 = Deck | first6 = KM | last7 = Lederer | first7 = SM | last8 = de Wit | first8 = J | last9 = Burdanov | first9 = A | last10 = Ingalls | first10 = JG | last11 = Bolmont | first11 = E | last12 = Leconte | first12 = J | last13 = Raymond | first13 = SN | last14 = Selsis | first14 = F | last15 = Turbet | first15 = M | last16 = Barkaoui | first16 = K | last17 = Burgasser | first17 = A | last18 = Burleigh | first18 = MR | last19 = Carey | first19 = SJ | last20 = Chaushev | first20 = A | last21 = Copperwheat | first21 = CM | last22 = Delrez | first22 = L | last23 = Fernandes | first23 = CS | last24 = Holdsworth | first24 = DL | last25 = Kotze | first25 = EJ | last26 = Van Grootel | first26 = V | last27 = Almleaky | first27 = Y | last28 = Benkhaldoun | first28 = Z | last29 = Magain | first29 = P | last30 = Queloz | first30 = D|arxiv = 1703.01424 |bibcode = 2017Natur.542..456G | year = 2017 }}</ref>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature21360 | url = http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1706/eso1706a.pdf | volume=542 | issue = 7642 | title=Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 | journal=Nature | pages=456–460 | pmid=28230125 | pmc=5330437 | last1 = Gillon | first1 = M | last2 = Triaud | first2 = AH | last3 = Demory | first3 = BO | last4 = Jehin | first4 = E | last5 = Agol | first5 = E | last6 = Deck | first6 = KM | last7 = Lederer | first7 = SM | last8 = de Wit | first8 = J | last9 = Burdanov | first9 = A | last10 = Ingalls | first10 = JG | last11 = Bolmont | first11 = E | last12 = Leconte | first12 = J | last13 = Raymond | first13 = SN | last14 = Selsis | first14 = F | last15 = Turbet | first15 = M | last16 = Barkaoui | first16 = K | last17 = Burgasser | first17 = A | last18 = Burleigh | first18 = MR | last19 = Carey | first19 = SJ | last20 = Chaushev | first20 = A | last21 = Copperwheat | first21 = CM | last22 = Delrez | first22 = L | last23 = Fernandes | first23 = CS | last24 = Holdsworth | first24 = DL | last25 = Kotze | first25 = EJ | last26 = Van Grootel | first26 = V | last27 = Almleaky | first27 = Y | last28 = Benkhaldoun | first28 = Z | last29 = Magain | first29 = P | last30 = Queloz | first30 = D|arxiv = 1703.01424 |bibcode = 2017Natur.542..456G | year = 2017 }}</ref>||39.5
|- |-
| ]||]|||| || || || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]||]|||| || ||{{won|282.1 K<br/>9&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]||0.48 || || ||{{free|282.1 K<br />9&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]||]|||| || ||{{won|246.1 K<br/>-27.1&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free|246.1 K<br />-27.1&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]||]|||| || ||{{free|219 K<br/>-54&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free|219 K<br />-54&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]||]|||| || ||{{free|198.6 K<br/>-75&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free|198.6 K<br />-75&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]||]|||| || ||{{free|169 K<br/>-104&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5 | ]|| || || ||{{free|169 K<br />-104&nbsp;°C<ref name="hec"/>}} || ||||<ref name="eso.org"/>||39.5
|- |-
| ]<br>(Janssen)||]||8.6|| || || || 0.016||0.17||<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rebekah |display-authors=etal | year = 2010 | title = Radial velocity planets de-aliased. A new, short period for Super-Earth 55 Cnc e | doi = 10.1088/0004-637x/722/1/937| journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 722 | issue = 1| pages = 937–953 | bibcode=2010ApJ...722..937D|arxiv = 1005.4050 }}</ref>||40 | ]<br />(Janssen)||8.6|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.016||0.17||<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rebekah |display-authors=etal | year = 2010 | title = Radial velocity planets de-aliased. A new, short period for Super-Earth 55 Cnc e | doi = 10.1088/0004-637x/722/1/937| journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 722 | issue = 1| pages = 937–953 | bibcode=2010ApJ...722..937D|arxiv = 1005.4050 |s2cid=118592734 }}</ref>||40
|- |-
| ]<ref name="Mayor2009">{{cite journal|author1=M. Mayor |author2=S. Udry |author3=C. Lovis |author4=F. Pepe |author5=D. Queloz |author6=W. Benz |author7=J.-L. Bertaux |author8=F. Bouchy |author9=C. Mordasini |author10=D. Segransan |title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)|arxiv=0806.4587|bibcode = 2009A&A...493..639M |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200810451|date= 2009|journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume= 493|issue= 2|pages= 639–644 }}</ref>||{{Annotated image | ]<ref name="Mayor2009">{{cite journal|author1=M. Mayor |author2=S. Udry |author3=C. Lovis |author4=F. Pepe |author5=D. Queloz |author6=W. Benz |author7=J.-L. Bertaux |author8=F. Bouchy |author9=C. Mordasini |author10=D. Segransan |title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)|arxiv=0806.4587|bibcode = 2009A&A...493..639M |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200810451|date= 2009|journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume= 493|issue= 2|pages= 639–644 |s2cid=116365802 }}</ref>||≥4.2|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.047||0.2||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42
| image = A Trio of Super-Earths (artist's impression).jpg
| image-width = 1200 <!-- choose any width, as you like it. It doesn't matter the factual width of the image-->
| image-left = -490 <!-- crop the left part. Be aware of the "-" minus symbol -->
| image-top = -170 <!-- crop the upper part. Be aware of the "-" minus symbol -->
| width = 150 <!-- crop the right part. That will be the width of the image in the article -->
| height = 120 <!-- crop the below part. That will be the height of the image in the article -->
| float = left
| annotations = <!-- empty or not, this parameter must be included -->
| caption =
| icon = none
}}
||≥4.2|| || || || 0.047||0.2||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42
|- |-
| ]<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||{{Annotated image | ]<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||≥6.8|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.081||0.06||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42
| image = A Trio of Super-Earths (artist's impression).jpg
| image-width = 1200 <!-- choose any width, as you like it. It doesn't matter the factual width of the image-->
| image-left = -230 <!-- crop the left part. Be aware of the "-" minus symbol -->
| image-top = -520 <!-- crop the upper part. Be aware of the "-" minus symbol -->
| width = 150 <!-- crop the right part. That will be the width of the image in the article -->
| height = 120 <!-- crop the below part. That will be the height of the image in the article -->
| float = left
| annotations = <!-- empty or not, this parameter must be included -->
| caption =
| icon = none
}}
||≥6.8|| || || || 0.081||0.06||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42
|- |-
| ] <ref>{{cite journal|arxiv=0901.1698|author=Barnes, R., Jackson, B., Raymond, S., West, A., Greenberg, R.|title=The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?|journal=]|date=2009|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006|volume=695|issue=2|pages=1006–1011|bibcode=2009ApJ...695.1006B}}</ref>||]||≥9.2|| || || || 0.134||0.07||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42 | ]<ref>{{cite journal|arxiv=0901.1698|author=Barnes, R., Jackson, B., Raymond, S., West, A., Greenberg, R.|title=The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?|journal=]|date=2009|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006|volume=695|issue=2|pages=1006–1011|bibcode=2009ApJ...695.1006B|s2cid=18849636}}</ref>||≥9.2|| || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.134||0.07||<ref name="Mayor2009"/>||42
|- |-
| ]|| || ≥3.5 || || || || 0.1886 ||0.15|| <ref name="tuomi12"/>||42 | ]|| ≥3.5 || || ||{{free| -<br /> -}} || 0.1886 ||0.15|| <ref name="tuomi12"/>||42
|- |-
| ]|| || ≥5.2 || || ||{{bad|385 K<br/>112&nbsp;°C }} | ]|| ≥5.2 || || ||{{free|385 K<br />112&nbsp;°C }}
|| 0.247 ||0.02|| <ref name="tuomi12"/>||42 || 0.247 ||0.02|| <ref name="tuomi12"/>||42
|- |-
| ]|| || ≥7.1 || || || {{won|284 K<br/>11&nbsp;°C<ref>{{cite web |title=HEC: Data of Potential Habitable Worlds |url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data |date=November 12, 2012 |publisher=] (Planetary Habitability Laboratory)}}</ref>}} | ]|| ≥7.1 || || || {{free|284 K<br />11&nbsp;°C<ref>{{cite web |title=HEC: Data of Potential Habitable Worlds |url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data |date=November 12, 2012 |publisher=] (Planetary Habitability Laboratory) |access-date=January 26, 2013 |archive-date=June 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601044944/http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
|| 0.600 ||0.29||<ref name="tuomi12"/>||42 || 0.600 ||0.29||<ref name="tuomi12"/>||42
|- |-
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'''Note''': There is no ] about terrestrial composition of most of the planets in the list. Sources in the "Main source" column confirm the ''possibility'' of terrestrial composition. '''Note''': There is no ] about terrestrial composition of most of the planets in the list. Sources in the "Main source" column confirm the ''possibility'' of terrestrial composition.


In September 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting ]<ref name="Simbad-20120920">{{cite web|author=Staff |title=LHS 188 -- High proper-motion Star |url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HIP+19394 |date=September 20, 2012 |publisher=](Strasbourg astronomical Data Center) |accessdate=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> was announced.<ref name="PHL-20120829">{{cite web |last=Méndez |first=Abel |title=A Hot Potential Habitable Exoplanet around Gliese 163|url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/ahotpotentialhabitableexoplanetaroundgliese163 |date=August 29, 2012|publisher=] (Planetary Habitability Laboratory)|accessdate=September 20, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Space-20120920">{{cite news |last=Redd |first = Nola Taylor|title=Newfound Alien Planet a Top Contender to Host Life|url=http://www.space.com/17684-alien-planet-gliese-163c-extraterrestrial-life.html|date=September 20, 2012|work=] |accessdate=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> One of the planets, ], about 6.9 times the mass of Earth and somewhat hotter, was considered to be within the ], but is probably not terrestrial.<ref name="PHL-20120829"/><ref name="Space-20120920"/> In May 2016, the finding of three Earth-like planets of ultracool dwarf ] has been released. In September 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting ]<ref name="Simbad-20120920">{{cite web|author=Staff |title=LHS 188 -- High proper-motion Star |url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HIP+19394 |date=September 20, 2012 |publisher=](Strasbourg astronomical Data Center) |access-date=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> was announced.<ref name="PHL-20120829">{{cite web |last=Méndez |first=Abel |title=A Hot Potential Habitable Exoplanet around Gliese 163 |url=http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/ahotpotentialhabitableexoplanetaroundgliese163 |date=August 29, 2012 |publisher=] (Planetary Habitability Laboratory) |access-date=September 20, 2012 |archive-date=October 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021202448/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/ahotpotentialhabitableexoplanetaroundgliese163 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Space-20120920">{{cite news |last=Redd |first = Nola Taylor|title=Newfound Alien Planet a Top Contender to Host Life|url=http://www.space.com/17684-alien-planet-gliese-163c-extraterrestrial-life.html|date=September 20, 2012|work=] |access-date=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> One of the planets, ], about 6.9 times the mass of Earth and somewhat hotter, was considered to be within the ], but is probably not terrestrial.<ref name="PHL-20120829"/><ref name="Space-20120920"/>
In May 2016, the finding of three Earth-like planets of ultracool dwarf ] has been released.

The existence of the planet ] was refuted in 2022, when a study found that the ] signal shows characteristics of a signal originating from stellar activity, and not from a planet.<ref>https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2022/08/aa43063-22/aa43063-22.html</ref>


==Statistics== ==Statistics==
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|- |-
! scope="col" |Distance ! scope="col" |Distance
! scope="col" |Lying within<br>the habitable zone ! scope="col" |Lying within<br />the habitable zone
! scope="col" |All ! scope="col" |All
|- |-
!< 10 light-years !< 10 light-years
| style="text-align:center;"|0 (2?) | style="text-align:center;"|0 (2?)
| style="text-align:center;"|2 systems | style="text-align:center;"|2
|- |-
! < 20 light-years ! < 20 light-years
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== See also == == See also ==
{{portal|Astronomy|Lists}}
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]


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{{exoplanet}} {{exoplanet}}
{{Portal bar|Lists|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 03:29, 24 December 2024

This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: The article does not yet include recent discoveries such as Teegarden b and c, the planets of L 98-59, Gliese 486 b and Wolf 1069 b.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2024)

This list of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates contains possible terrestrial ("rocky") exoplanets spaced at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System, ordered by increasing distance.

They may be composed primarily of silicate rocks and/or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun.

Exoplanets discovered (incomplete)

This list is incomplete, currently containing 34 exoplanets, 11 of which probably lie inside their star's habitable zone.

There are roughly 2,000 stars at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System (64 of them are yellow-orange "G" stars like the Sun). As many as 15% of them could have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones.

On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarf stars within the Milky Way galaxy. Eleven billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet was then as close as 12 light-years away but (see below) is now estimated slightly above four light-years away.

On August 24, 2016, astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, the closest star to Earth (not counting the Sun). Called Proxima b, the planet is 1.3 times the mass of Earth and has an orbital period of roughly 11.2 Earth days. However, Proxima Centauri's classification as a red dwarf casts doubts on the habitability of any exoplanets in its orbit due to low stellar flux, high probability of tidal locking, small circumstellar habitable zones and high stellar variation. Another likely candidate is Alpha Centauri, Earth's nearest Sun-like star system 4.37 light-years away. Estimates place the probability of finding a habitable planet around Alpha Centauri A or B at roughly 75%. Alpha Centauri is the target of several exoplanet-finding missions, including Breakthrough Starshot and Mission Centaur, the latter of which is chronicled in the 2016 documentary film The Search for Earth Proxima.

In 2023, astronomers used the radial velocity method to confirm that the exoplanet Wolf 1069 b sits in the habitable zone of Wolf 1069. Located 31 light years from Earth, this planet is 1.26 times the mass of Earth and has a radius of 1.08 times the Earth's. Though Wolf 1069 b is likely tidally locked, its daylight side may still be habitable. It has similar characteristics to Proxima Centauri b and is one of the nearest discovered potentially habitable exoplanets to Earth. Wolf 1069 b is likely rocky, with an Earth-like composition, and climate models suggest that it is habitable for a broad range of possible atmospheres although the nature of its true atmosphere is unknown. Characterizing its atmosphere is more difficult than with a transiting exoplanet as transmission spectroscopy is inapplicable, and instruments for alternative techniques such as analysis of thermal emission and reflected light are not yet available. The angular separation between Wolf 1069 b and its star is also small, which further complicates these measurements.

Data Table

Name M🜨 R🜨 g Ts a e D
Mass (in Earth masses) Radius (in Earth radii) Surface gravity (1 – standard Earth gravity) Surface temperature Semi-major axis in astronomical units Orbital eccentricity Main source Distance from the Sun in lightyears
Proxima Centauri b ≥1.27 ~1.1 234 K
-39°C		 0.05 <0.35 4.22
Proxima Centauri c ~7 39 K
-234 °C		 ~1.489 ~0.04 4.22
Ross 128 b ≥1.40 213 to 301 K
-60 to 28 °C		 11.03
Luyten b ≥2.89 ≥1.35 259 K
-14 °C		 0.091 0.10 12.20
Wolf 1061c ≥4.3 ≥1.64 -
-		 13.8
Wolf 1061d ≥5.21 ≥2.04 -
-		 13.8
Wolf 1069 b 1.26 1.08 250.1 K
-23.1 °C 		0.0672 31
Gliese 876 d 6.8 650 K
377 °C		 0.021 0.21 15
Gliese 682 b ≥2 -
-

16
Gliese 832 c ≥5.4 251 K
-22 °C 		0.162 0.03 16.16
82 G. Eridani b ≥2.7 660 K
387 °C		 0.1207 0 19.71
82 G. Eridani c ≥2.4 508 K
235 °C		 0.2036 0 19.71
82 G. Eridani d ≥4.8 388 K
115 °C 		0.3499 0 19.71
Gliese 581 e ≥1.7 -
-		 0.029 0 20
Gliese 581 c ≥5.6 -
-		 0.072 0 20
Gliese 581 d ≥5.6 2.34 1.27 233 K
-41 °C 		0.218 0 20
HD 219134 b 4.5 1.6 700 K
427 °C 		21
Gliese 667 Cb 6.30 1.44 445 K

172 °C

0.05 0.09 22
Gliese 667 Cc 3.8 1.32 302 K
29 °C 		0.13 0.34 22
61 Virginis b ≥5.1 -
-		 0.050 0.12 28
HD 85512 b ≥3.6 1.74 1.33 351 K
78 °C 		0.26 0.11 36
GJ 180 b ≥2.3 312 K
39 °C 		38
TRAPPIST-1b -
-		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1c -
-		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1d 0.48 282.1 K
9 °C		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1e 246.1 K
-27.1 °C		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1f 219 K
-54 °C		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1g 198.6 K
-75 °C		 39.5
TRAPPIST-1h 169 K
-104 °C		 39.5
55 Cancri e
(Janssen)		 8.6 -
-		 0.016 0.17 40
HD 40307 b ≥4.2 -
-		 0.047 0.2 42
HD 40307 c ≥6.8 -
-		 0.081 0.06 42
HD 40307 d ≥9.2 -
-		 0.134 0.07 42
HD 40307 e ≥3.5 -
-		 0.1886 0.15 42
HD 40307 f ≥5.2 385 K
112 °C 		0.247 0.02 42
HD 40307 g ≥7.1 284 K
11 °C 		0.600 0.29 42

Note: There is no scientific consensus about terrestrial composition of most of the planets in the list. Sources in the "Main source" column confirm the possibility of terrestrial composition.

In September 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting Gliese 163 was announced. One of the planets, Gliese 163 c, about 6.9 times the mass of Earth and somewhat hotter, was considered to be within the habitable zone, but is probably not terrestrial.

In May 2016, the finding of three Earth-like planets of ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1 has been released.

The existence of the planet Gliese 832 c was refuted in 2022, when a study found that the radial velocity signal shows characteristics of a signal originating from stellar activity, and not from a planet.

Statistics

Distance from the Solar System
Distance Lying within
the habitable zone 		All
< 10 light-years 0 (2?) 2
< 20 light-years 6 15
< 30 light-years 8 22
< 40 light-years 10 24
< 50 light-years 11 31

Note: in most cases the composition of the atmosphere and atmosphere pressure of exoplanets are unknown, so surface temperatures are estimates based on computer models and expert opinions.

See also

References

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  43. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2022/08/aa43063-22/aa43063-22.html

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