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| {{Short description|Coach operator in Great Britain}}{{about|the United Kingdom long distance coach company|its parent company| |
{{Short description|Coach operator in Great Britain}} | ||
| {{about|the United Kingdom long distance coach company|its parent company|Mobico Group}} | |||
| {{Use British English|date=January 2013}} | {{Use British English|date=January 2013}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} | ||
| {{Infobox Bus transit | {{Infobox Bus transit | ||
| |name = | |name = | ||
| |logo = National Express Logo.svg | |logo = National Express Logo.svg | ||
| |logo_size = 250 | |logo_size = 250 | ||
| |parent = ] | |parent = ] | ||
| |founded = 1972 | |founded = {{Date and age|1972|12|04}} | ||
| |headquarters = ] | |headquarters = ] | ||
| |service_area = ] | |service_area = ] | ||
| |service_type = ] and InterRegional ] services | |service_type = ] and InterRegional ] services | ||
| |destinations = | |destinations = | ||
| |hubs = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>] | |hubs = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>] | ||
| |fleet = | |fleet = | ||
| |operator = | |operator = | ||
| |website = {{Official URL}} | |website = {{Official URL}} | ||
| |image=NE 276 R540.jpg | |||
| |image=National Express Coach at Birmingham Coach Station.png | |||
| |image_caption=National Express coach at |
|image_caption=National Express coach at ] in November 2024}} | ||
| }} | |||
| '''National Express'''<ref> National Express Limited</ref> is an ] and |
'''National Express''',<ref> National Express Limited</ref> also abbreviated '''NX''', is an ] and inter-regional ] operator providing services throughout ]. It is a subsidiary of the British multinational public transport company ]. Most services are subcontracted to local coach companies. The company's head office is in offices above ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lsh.co.uk/pages/news_detail.asp?id=1251|title=LSH plays integral role in £15m redevelopment of Birmingham Coach Station|publisher=LSH|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009121948/http://www.lsh.co.uk/pages/news_detail.asp?id=1251|archive-date=9 October 2011}}</ref> | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| ] bodied ] in ] in 1982 in the original livery]] | ] bodied ] in ] in 1982 in the original livery]] | ||
| Pursuant to the ], the ] was formed as a holding company for the many state-owned local bus companies. Many of these |
Pursuant to the ], the ] (NBC) was formed as a holding company for the many state-owned local bus companies. Many of these companies also operated coach services, which were brought together for marketing purposes under the ''National'' brand, developed by NBC chair ] and design consultant ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=NBC Corporate Identity Project |year=2021 |title=The rise of the white coach |url=https://nationalbusmanual.com/2021/11/19/the-rise-of-the-white-coach/ |website=NBC Corporate Identity Project}}</ref> The ''National Express'' brand was first used in 1974 and gradually became the main brand name for the coach business, although the coach services continued to be operated by the individual companies.<ref name=history> National Express</ref><ref name=MMC0294> Monopolies & Mergers Commission February 1994 page 3</ref> | ||
| Coach services were deregulated under the ], and buses by the ]. In March 1988 National Express was privatised in a ].<ref> '']'' 10 March 1988</ref> In July 1989 the company bought ATL Holdings<ref> Airlinks The Airport Coach Company Limited formerly Airport Express Trains Limited formerly ATL (Holdings) Limited</ref> (with operations in ]) and a 50% share in Yelloway Trathen, which was renamed ].<ref> Trathern Travel Services Limited formerly Yellow-Trathern Express Limited</ref><ref> ''Commercial Motor'' 27 July 1989</ref> | Coach services were deregulated under the ], and buses by the ]. In March 1988 National Express was privatised in a ].<ref> '']'' 10 March 1988</ref> In July 1989, the company bought ATL Holdings<ref> Airlinks The Airport Coach Company Limited formerly Airport Express Trains Limited formerly ATL (Holdings) Limited</ref> (with operations in ]) and a 50% share in Yelloway Trathen, which was renamed ].<ref> Trathern Travel Services Limited formerly Yellow-Trathern Express Limited</ref><ref> ''Commercial Motor'' 27 July 1989</ref> | ||
| In August 1989 the ] services from London to ], ] and |
In August 1989, the ] services from London to ], ] and Paris were purchased from the tour operator ], and the express services (with 29 coaches) in Scotland and to London from ]. These were operated under the Caledonian Express brand.<ref> ''Commercial Motor'' 10 August 1989</ref> | ||
| In June 1991 National Express was sold to the Drawlane Group.<ref> Burroughs Hill Limited formerly Drawlane Group Transport plc</ref><ref> ''Commercial Motor'' 4 July 1991</ref> In December 1992 National Express Group plc was floated on the ].<ref name="history"/> | In June 1991, National Express was sold to the Drawlane Group.<ref> Burroughs Hill Limited formerly Drawlane Group Transport plc</ref><ref> ''Commercial Motor'' 4 July 1991</ref> In December 1992, National Express Group plc was floated on the ].<ref name="history"/> | ||
| In its early years National Express had little competition in the long-distance coach market. A number of operators attempted to compete with the company after deregulation in 1980, the largest being the ] consortium, but most had ceased to compete by the end of the decade.<ref>{{cite book |last=Townsin |first=Alan |title=The British Bus Story – The Early '80s: The Die is Cast |publisher=The Transport Publishing Company |year=1992 |chapter=Coach deregulation arrives |pages=22–24 |isbn=978-0-86317-170-3}}</ref> However, in 2003, ] introduced ], a ] service whose £1 fares sparked a price war with National Express in autumn 2004. The |
In its early years, National Express had little competition in the long-distance coach market. A number of operators attempted to compete with the company after deregulation in 1980, the largest being the ] consortium, but most had ceased to compete by the end of the decade.<ref>{{cite book |last=Townsin |first=Alan |title=The British Bus Story – The Early '80s: The Die is Cast |publisher=The Transport Publishing Company |year=1992 |chapter=Coach deregulation arrives |pages=22–24 |isbn=978-0-86317-170-3}}</ref> However, in 2003, ] introduced ], a ] service whose £1 fares sparked a price war with National Express in autumn 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/feb/19/transportintheuk.travelnews|title=£1 a seat for Stagecoach's Ryanair of the road service|date=19 February 2004|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref> Competition intensified in 2007 when Megabus transferred its London terminus from the ] into the main ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stagecoachgroup.com/scg/media/press/pr2007/2007-08-15/ |title=London services move coach station |access-date=16 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615090233/http://www.stagecoachgroup.com/scg/media/press/pr2007/2007-08-15 |archive-date=15 June 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
| In November 2007 National Express announced plans to re-brand all its operations under a new unified National Express identity.<ref> National Express 15 November 2007</ref> As part of this the coach operation received a slightly different livery, retaining the red, white and blue theme, but with a new lower-case logo. Coaches started appearing in the new livery from December 2007. | |||
| ==National network== | |||
| A national network links more than 540 locations, including 59 of the UK mainland's 76 cities, with 1,800 plus services operating every day, increasing to over 1,900 on Fridays. Over 1,000 airport services a day run direct to the terminal for all major UK airports.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}} | |||
| ==Operations== | ==Operations== | ||
| ] bodied ] at ] in April 2003]] | A national network links more than 550 routes, including many of the UK mainland's cities, with 11,000 cross-country journeys every week {{As of|2022|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite news |year=2022 |title=National Express announces expansion of services across UK |url=https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/145869/national-express-announces-expansion-of-services-across-uk/ |access-date=7 April 2024 |newspaper=Intelligent Transport}}</ref>] bodied ] at ] in April 2003]] | ||
| ] ] bodied ] in the 2003 livery at ] in 2008]] | ] ] bodied ] in the 2003 livery at ] in 2008]] | ||
| ]'s ] bodied ] in ]]] | ]'s ] bodied ] in ]]] | ||
| ⚫ | National Express operates coach services direct to the terminal for all major UK airports, 24 hours a day, with 1,100 airport services every day, including ], ], ], ] and ]. The ''Airport'' brand was created in 2003 when the National Express image brand was updated, merging the former Airlink, Flightlink, Jetlink and Speedlink brands.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keybuses.com/article/airbus|title=Airbus|publisher=Key Buses|date=8 July 2023|access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref> | ||
| National Express offers many routes to destinations across the country. In addition, shuttle and airport services are also operated, although there is no obvious difference to the passenger between a standard, shuttle or airport service with regard to branding. | |||
| Many National Express coach routes pass through several town centres, which increases journey times for longer journeys considerably. A smaller number of shuttle services operate at least once an hour over faster direct routes. | |||
| ⚫ | National Express operates coach services direct to the terminal for all major UK airports, 24 hours a day, with 1,100 airport services every day, including ], ], ], ] and ]. The ''Airport'' brand was created in 2003 when the National Express image brand was updated, merging the former Airlink, Flightlink, Jetlink and Speedlink brands. |
||
| === Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic === | === Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic === | ||
| Following the introduction of guidance from the UK Government on avoiding non-essential travel, services were replaced from 24 March 2020 with a limited network of services for passengers with essential travel needs. However, due to declining passenger numbers as a result of the restrictions, all services were suspended from 6 April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/national-express-coach-cancelled-suspended-bus-ticket-refund-a9442221.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/national-express-coach-cancelled-suspended-bus-ticket-refund-a9442221.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=National Express to suspend all coach services|last=Xie|first=Qin|date=2020 |
Following the introduction of guidance from the UK Government on avoiding non-essential travel, services were replaced from 24 March 2020 with a limited network of services for passengers with essential travel needs. However, due to declining passenger numbers as a result of the restrictions, all services were suspended from 6 April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/national-express-coach-cancelled-suspended-bus-ticket-refund-a9442221.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/national-express-coach-cancelled-suspended-bus-ticket-refund-a9442221.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=National Express to suspend all coach services|last=Xie|first=Qin|date=2 April 2020|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> Services restarted nearly three months later on 1 July, on about a quarter of route mileage and with reduced frequencies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Calder|first=Simon|date=18 June 2020|title=National Express will start running coach services again on 1 July|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/national-express-bus-victoria-coach-station-a9572146.html|access-date=4 August 2020|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | As a result of the discovery of a new, more transmissible variant and the implementation of tighter restrictions prohibiting travel in many areas of the country, services were significantly reduced by the end of December 2020. On the implementation of a third national lockdown in January 2021, services were again suspended from 11 January.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wright|first=Greg|date=8 January 2021|title=National Express to suspend all coach services due to pandemic|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/national-express-suspend-all-coach-services-due-pandemic-3089257|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 January 2021|website=Yorkshire Post|language=en}}</ref> Eleven weeks later, limited services again resumed on 29 March.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Calder|first=Simon|date=25 March 2021|title=Coach travel back on in England from Monday|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/coach-29-march-national-express-megabus-b1822397.html|access-date=26 March 2021|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> | ||
| During the second national "lockdown" in November 2020, the company continued to run services albeit to a severely reduced timetable. After the ending of the month-long lockdown the company mainly restored the pre-lockdown timetable but with some alterations due to parts of the country being placed in different "tiers" of restrictions. | |||
| ⚫ | As a result of the discovery of a new, more transmissible variant and the implementation of tighter restrictions prohibiting travel in many areas of the country, services were significantly reduced by the end of December 2020. On the implementation of a third national lockdown in January 2021, services were again suspended from 11 January.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wright|first=Greg|date=8 January 2021|title=National Express to suspend all coach services due to pandemic|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/national-express-suspend-all-coach-services-due-pandemic-3089257 |
||
| === Franchised operators === | |||
| The majority of National Express services are contracted on long-term agreements to local coach companies, known as partner operators. As part of the contract, operators are required to use coaches in full National Express livery. On occasion, an operator will use its own branded vehicle due to lack of availability, but will be penalised financially for doing so. A wider list of additional operators are also available to bid for occasional work on the network – usually providing a one-off duplicate service to meet demand. Whilst still having to meet strict criteria, these coaches are usually not in National Express livery. | |||
| National Express operates some services itself, primarily those between ], ] and ] airports, and ], ] and ]. | |||
| Below is a list of partner operators:{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}} | |||
| {{div col|colwidth=30em}} | |||
| * Ambassador Travel, ] | |||
| * Bennetts Coaches, ] | |||
| * ], ], North Lanarkshire | |||
| * Chalfont Coaches, ] | |||
| * ], ], ] and ] | |||
| * ], ] | |||
| * Galloway European, ] | |||
| * ], ] | |||
| * Kavanagh, ] | |||
| * ], ] | |||
| * Llew Jones International, ] | |||
| * ] (Walsall Garage) | |||
| * ], ] | |||
| * ], ] | |||
| * ], ] | |||
| * ], ] | |||
| * Stotts Coaches, ] | |||
| * ], ] | |||
| * ], ] | |||
| * Travelstar European, ] | |||
| * Yeomans Canyon Travel, ] | |||
| {{div col end}} | |||
| ==Fares== | ==Fares== | ||
| National Express tickets are available through a variety of sources. Most tickets are booked on-line through both the |
National Express tickets are available through a variety of sources. Most tickets are booked on-line through both the company's own website and many third party sites. Telephone bookings are also available as are tickets through the traditional channels tickets of National Express ticket offices at coach stations, third-party agents at bus stations and travel agents. Since 2013, tickets have also been available for purchase from the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postoffice.co.uk/national-express-tickets|title=National Express Tickets - Post Office|website=postoffice.co.uk|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> | ||
| All fares are revenue managed with a range of prices, meaning that cheaper fares are generally available for those booking well in advance of travel. | |||
| With the introduction of competition from ], more competitive internet-only ''Funfares'' were introduced on some routes. These were phased out with the introduction of a full range of revenue managed fares from 2017. | |||
| There are several ticket types available, ranging from the cheapest restricted products, to a fully flexible product. | |||
| ===Coachcards=== | ===Coachcards=== | ||
| National Express offers several discounts to customers. | National Express offers several discounts to customers. | ||
| *'''Young Persons Coachcard''' – Available to people aged 16–26. This card gives a third off standard and fully flexible fares |
*'''Young Persons Coachcard''' – Available to people aged 16–26. This card gives a third off standard and fully flexible fares.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mycsa.org.uk/support/student-travel-discount-cards/|title=Student Coach Card|publisher=Cranfield Students' Association|access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref> | ||
| *'''Senior Coachcard''' – Following the Government's scrapping of the concessionary half-price fares for the over-60s in October 2011, National Express introduced a Senior Coachcard. Available to over-60s, this gives a third off standard and fully flexible fares. | *'''Senior Coachcard''' – Following the Government's scrapping of the concessionary half-price fares for the over-60s in October 2011, National Express introduced a Senior Coachcard. Available to over-60s, this gives a third off standard and fully flexible fares.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trafforddirectory.co.uk/kb5/trafford/fsd/service.page?id=lgCXZrcPhAs|title=Senior Coachcard: National Express|publisher=Trafford Directory| access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref> | ||
| *'''Disabled Coachcard''' – Following the government's scrapping of the concessionary half-price fares for disabled people in October 2011, National Express introduced a Disabled Coachcard. Available to adults registered as disabled, this gives a third off standard and fully flexible fares. | *'''Disabled Coachcard''' – Following the government's scrapping of the concessionary half-price fares for disabled people in October 2011, National Express introduced a Disabled Coachcard. Available to adults registered as disabled, this gives a third off standard and fully flexible fares.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nottshelpyourself.org.uk/kb5/nottinghamshire/directory/service.page?id=5_HjIORbeiM|title=National Express Disabled Person Coachcard|publisher=Notts Help Yourself|access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref> | ||
| ==Fleet== | ==Fleet== | ||
| ] Caetano Boa Vista at ]]] | ] Caetano Boa Vista at ]]] | ||
| National Express and its franchisees operate a limited number of coach types, primarily standardising on the ] body on ], ] and ] chassis. The Levante was designed between 2003 and 2005 by Portuguese coachbuilder ] and National Express exclusively for use on the network, equipped with a ] at the front entrance door,<ref>{{cite news |last=Adams-Spink |first=Geoff |title=Accessible coaches start trials |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4422482.stm |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=BBC News |date=24 November 2005}}</ref> and could be built on either two or three ]s depending on chassis configuration. The most recent tri-axle Levante III was introduced onto the network in July 2018,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.route-one.net/news/evolution_of_the_species/ |title=Evolution of the species |work=routeone |date=3 October 2017 |access-date=28 February 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309162756/https://www.route-one.net/news/evolution_of_the_species/ |archive-date=9 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=17 July 2018|title=First National Express Levante IIIs hit the road |url=https://cbwmagazine.com/first-national-express-levante-iiis-hit-the-road/ |work=Coach & Bus Week |location=Peterborough |publisher=Emap |access-date=28 February 2024}}</ref> with an updated version named the Levante IIIA introduced from late 2022.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=6 December 2022|title=National Express trials mirrorless coaches |url=https://cbwmagazine.com/national-express-trials-mirrorless-coaches/ |work=Coach & Bus Week |location=Peterborough |publisher=Emap |access-date=28 February 2024}}</ref> | |||
| National Express and its franchisees operate a limited number of vehicle types with bodies made by Caetano to the company’s specification. | |||
| After having initially trialled a ] on airport service A9 during 2020, National Express is to introduce a ] GTe14 tri-axle ] on a four-week trial operating Stansted Airport services from March 2024.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.route-one.net/coach/national-express-to-trial-yutong-gte14-battery-electric-tri-axle/ |title=National Express first to trial Yutong GTe14 battery-electric tri-axle |work=routeone |date=28 February 2024 |access-date=28 February 2024}}</ref> The company also purchased 25 ] Altano TDX21 coaches for services 040 between London and Bristol, and the 540 between London and Manchester via ]. These are due to enter service in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=chrispeat |date=19 March 2024 |title=FULL COVERAGE: National Express reveals Van Hool Altanos |url=https://www.busandcoachbuyer.com/full-coverage-national-express-reveals-van-hool-altanos/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |website=Bus & Coach Buyer |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deakin |first=Tim |date=18 March 2024 |title=Van Hool TDX21 Altano for National Express work makes debut |url=https://www.route-one.net/news/van-hool-tdx21-altano-for-national-express-work-makes-debut/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |website=routeone |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| The primary coach type on the network is the ], which may have 2 or 3 axles. This has been the main vehicle of choice since 2006. The most recent Levante III was introduced onto the network in July 2018 and an updated version Levante IIIa from 2023. There is no 2 axle version of the Levante III. | |||
| National Express also runs ten Caetano Boa Vista bodied ] ] coaches on its network, all of which are operated by ]. The first six entered service with National Express mainly for use between London Victoria and Luton Airport in October 2016,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.route-one.net/articles/Coach%20routes/National_Express_dips_toe_in_double_decker_coach_market |title=National Express dips toe in double-deck coach market |work=routeone |date=26 October 2016 |access-date=29 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129144746/http://www.route-one.net/articles/Coach%20routes/National_Express_dips_toe_in_double_decker_coach_market |archive-date=29 November 2016}}</ref> with the additional four later purchased by Edwards Coaches during 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last=Welch |first=Jonathan |url=https://cbwmagazine.com/express-with-edwards/ |title=Express with Edwards |date=18 July 2023 |website=Coach & Bus Week |location=Peterborough |publisher=Emap |access-date=28 February 2024 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> | |||
| The only other branded vehicles used on the network are 10 Caetano Boa Vista double deckers. | |||
| National Express had previously standardised on the double-deck variant of the ] for 'Rapide' coach services in 1980s, however by January 2007, the double-decker coach fleet had been reduced to 12 ]s, all of which were later withdrawn from National Express service following a speeding driver ] a Skyliner on an ] sliproad, causing the deaths of three passengers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coach death driver pleads guilty |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7671652.stm |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=BBC News |date=15 October 2008}}</ref> | |||
| Having withdrawn all its double deck coaches after an ], in October 2016 National Express placed six Caetano bodied ] into service.<ref> ''Route One'' 26 October 2016</ref> followed by a further 4 in 2018 | |||
| ==On-board services== | ==On-board services== | ||
| ] | ] bodied ] ''Rapide'' coach]] | ||
| ] ''Rapide'' double-decker bus]] | |||
| ⚫ | In April 2001 National Express phased out its on-board catering service, having already phased out its on-board television service in the 1990s. However, in late 2004 National Express launched NXTV or National Xpress Television. Rather than showing a whole film as on an aircraft, NXTV would instead show various episodes of British television series such as '']'', '']'' and '']'', all of which were commissioned by ] and the ]. The service was displayed on small monitors situated above the overhead luggage compartments, powered by a motor to move downwards and upwards while the programming would be played from a DVD drive at the driver's dashboard.<ref name=robinson>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=v29yEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT83 |title=National Express The Journey of an Iconic Brand|first1= Peter|last1= Robinson|first2= Harry|last2= Cameron|year=2022|publisher=Amberley Publishing|isbn=978-1398113626}}</ref> | ||
| In the mid-1980s during the ''Rapide'' era, an on-board tea service and on-board televisions were in operation. These were given extensive advertising campaigns as shown on the ] documentary ''History of the Coach''. | |||
| ⚫ | In April 2001 National Express phased out its on-board catering service, having already phased out its on-board television service in the 1990s. However, in late 2004 National Express launched |
||
| ⚫ | The service was phased out in the summer of 2006, due to a lack of interest in purchasing headphones, available at vending |
||
| National Express Coaches now offers free ] on most coaches. | |||
| ⚫ | The service was phased out in the summer of 2006, due to a lack of interest in purchasing ], available at ]s in the major stations and also via on-board vendors before a journey. The headphone jack was compatible with any headphone, removing any reason to buy those offered. Also, by the time NXTV was launched, the Apple ] was already at its height of popularity, diverting interest away from it. Programming was also very limited, with many of the episodes being frequent repeats from terrestrial television. The headphones were later given away for free when the service was about to be ceased. The advertising slogan was "Television shows as you board the coach".<ref name=robinson/> | ||
| ==Accidents== | |||
| Since National Express started operating, incidents include: | |||
| * 26 July 1974: Three killed and over 30 injured when a double-decker overturned on the M1 near ] after swerving to avoid an earlier collision. | |||
| * 17 August 1983: Three killed on the ] near ] when a lorry careered into the side of a coach. | |||
| * 3 August 1985: One killed and 40 injured when a double-decker overturned on the ] in ] after swerving to avoid a sheep on the carriageway.{{Citation needed|reason=Feb 2010|date=February 2010}} | |||
| * In 2007, two coaches were involved in separate fatal accidents, in ] and ]. | |||
| * On 4 September 2009 at ], a car collided with and ended up underneath a National Express coach. The single occupant of the car was killed instantly. The coach driver was taken to hospital and treated for shock. One coach passenger suffered a minor injury.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/sussex/8238872.stm |title=Crash Leads to Gatwick Congestion |work=BBC News |date=4 September 2009 |access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/cardiff-news/2009/09/07/bus-crash-victim-melanie-wisden-s-family-describe-their-heartbreak-91466-24622441/ |title=Bus crash victim Melanie Wisden's family describe their heartbreak |date=7 September 2009 |work=Wales Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/8240341.stm |title=Gatwick crash woman's lift favour |work=BBC News |date=6 September 2009 |access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> | |||
| * On 17 April 2018 a coach travelling from ] to ] was involved in a crash on the ] near ]; two people on board were injured and taken to hospital. | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 138: | Line 77: | ||
| *], another bus & coach subsidiary of National Express | *], another bus & coach subsidiary of National Express | ||
| *], coach company from West country | *], coach company from West country | ||
| *]; coach company from |
*]; coach company from West Sussex | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 149: | Line 88: | ||
| {{NEXG|state=collapsed}} | {{NEXG|state=collapsed}} | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
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Latest revision as of 04:22, 24 December 2024
Coach operator in Great Britain This article is about the United Kingdom long distance coach company. For its parent company, see Mobico Group.
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 National Express coach at Manchester Airport in November 2024 | |
| Parent | Mobico Group |
|---|---|
| Founded | December 4, 1972; 52 years ago (1972-12-04) |
| Headquarters | Birmingham Coach Station |
| Service area | Great Britain |
| Service type | Intercity and InterRegional coach services |
| Hubs | Birmingham London Manchester Stansted Airport Heathrow Airport Southampton Bristol Leeds |
| Website | www |
National Express, also abbreviated NX, is an intercity and inter-regional coach operator providing services throughout Great Britain. It is a subsidiary of the British multinational public transport company Mobico Group. Most services are subcontracted to local coach companies. The company's head office is in offices above Birmingham Coach Station.
History
Pursuant to the Transport Act 1968, the National Bus Company (NBC) was formed as a holding company for the many state-owned local bus companies. Many of these companies also operated coach services, which were brought together for marketing purposes under the National brand, developed by NBC chair Frederick Wood and design consultant Norman Wilson. The National Express brand was first used in 1974 and gradually became the main brand name for the coach business, although the coach services continued to be operated by the individual companies.
Coach services were deregulated under the Transport Act 1980, and buses by the Transport Act 1985. In March 1988 National Express was privatised in a management buyout. In July 1989, the company bought ATL Holdings (with operations in Sheffield) and a 50% share in Yelloway Trathen, which was renamed Trathens Travel Services.
In August 1989, the Eurolines services from London to Alicante, Barcelona and Paris were purchased from the tour operator Wallace Arnold, and the express services (with 29 coaches) in Scotland and to London from Stagecoach. These were operated under the Caledonian Express brand.
In June 1991, National Express was sold to the Drawlane Group. In December 1992, National Express Group plc was floated on the London Stock Exchange.
In its early years, National Express had little competition in the long-distance coach market. A number of operators attempted to compete with the company after deregulation in 1980, the largest being the British Coachways consortium, but most had ceased to compete by the end of the decade. However, in 2003, Stagecoach introduced Megabus, a no-frills service whose £1 fares sparked a price war with National Express in autumn 2004. Competition intensified in 2007 when Megabus transferred its London terminus from the Green Line Coach Station into the main Victoria Coach Station.
Operations
A national network links more than 550 routes, including many of the UK mainland's cities, with 11,000 cross-country journeys every week as of 2022.
National Express operates coach services direct to the terminal for all major UK airports, 24 hours a day, with 1,100 airport services every day, including East Midlands, Gatwick, Heathrow, Luton and Stansted. The Airport brand was created in 2003 when the National Express image brand was updated, merging the former Airlink, Flightlink, Jetlink and Speedlink brands.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
Following the introduction of guidance from the UK Government on avoiding non-essential travel, services were replaced from 24 March 2020 with a limited network of services for passengers with essential travel needs. However, due to declining passenger numbers as a result of the restrictions, all services were suspended from 6 April 2020. Services restarted nearly three months later on 1 July, on about a quarter of route mileage and with reduced frequencies.
As a result of the discovery of a new, more transmissible variant and the implementation of tighter restrictions prohibiting travel in many areas of the country, services were significantly reduced by the end of December 2020. On the implementation of a third national lockdown in January 2021, services were again suspended from 11 January. Eleven weeks later, limited services again resumed on 29 March.
Fares
National Express tickets are available through a variety of sources. Most tickets are booked on-line through both the company's own website and many third party sites. Telephone bookings are also available as are tickets through the traditional channels tickets of National Express ticket offices at coach stations, third-party agents at bus stations and travel agents. Since 2013, tickets have also been available for purchase from the Post Office.
Coachcards
National Express offers several discounts to customers.
- Young Persons Coachcard – Available to people aged 16–26. This card gives a third off standard and fully flexible fares.
- Senior Coachcard – Following the Government's scrapping of the concessionary half-price fares for the over-60s in October 2011, National Express introduced a Senior Coachcard. Available to over-60s, this gives a third off standard and fully flexible fares.
- Disabled Coachcard – Following the government's scrapping of the concessionary half-price fares for disabled people in October 2011, National Express introduced a Disabled Coachcard. Available to adults registered as disabled, this gives a third off standard and fully flexible fares.
Fleet
National Express and its franchisees operate a limited number of coach types, primarily standardising on the Caetano Levante body on Mercedes-Benz, Scania and Volvo chassis. The Levante was designed between 2003 and 2005 by Portuguese coachbuilder Salvador Caetano and National Express exclusively for use on the network, equipped with a wheelchair lift at the front entrance door, and could be built on either two or three axles depending on chassis configuration. The most recent tri-axle Levante III was introduced onto the network in July 2018, with an updated version named the Levante IIIA introduced from late 2022.
After having initially trialled a Yutong TCe12 on airport service A9 during 2020, National Express is to introduce a Yutong GTe14 tri-axle battery electric coach on a four-week trial operating Stansted Airport services from March 2024. The company also purchased 25 Van Hool Altano TDX21 coaches for services 040 between London and Bristol, and the 540 between London and Manchester via Milton Keynes. These are due to enter service in 2024.
National Express also runs ten Caetano Boa Vista bodied Scania K410 double decker coaches on its network, all of which are operated by Edwards Coaches. The first six entered service with National Express mainly for use between London Victoria and Luton Airport in October 2016, with the additional four later purchased by Edwards Coaches during 2018.
National Express had previously standardised on the double-deck variant of the MCW Metroliner for 'Rapide' coach services in 1980s, however by January 2007, the double-decker coach fleet had been reduced to 12 Neoplan Skyliners, all of which were later withdrawn from National Express service following a speeding driver overturning a Skyliner on an M25 motorway sliproad, causing the deaths of three passengers.
On-board services
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In April 2001 National Express phased out its on-board catering service, having already phased out its on-board television service in the 1990s. However, in late 2004 National Express launched NXTV or National Xpress Television. Rather than showing a whole film as on an aircraft, NXTV would instead show various episodes of British television series such as A Touch of Frost, My Family and Top Gear, all of which were commissioned by ITV and the BBC. The service was displayed on small monitors situated above the overhead luggage compartments, powered by a motor to move downwards and upwards while the programming would be played from a DVD drive at the driver's dashboard.
The service was phased out in the summer of 2006, due to a lack of interest in purchasing headphones, available at vending machines in the major stations and also via on-board vendors before a journey. The headphone jack was compatible with any headphone, removing any reason to buy those offered. Also, by the time NXTV was launched, the Apple iPod was already at its height of popularity, diverting interest away from it. Programming was also very limited, with many of the episodes being frequent repeats from terrestrial television. The headphones were later given away for free when the service was about to be ceased. The advertising slogan was "Television shows as you board the coach".
See also
- List of bus operators of the United Kingdom
- Coach transport in the United Kingdom
- ALSA, another bus & coach subsidiary of National Express
- Royal Blue Coach Services, coach company from West country
- Southdown Motor Services; coach company from West Sussex
References
- Companies House extract company no 232767 National Express Limited
- "LSH plays integral role in £15m redevelopment of Birmingham Coach Station". LSH. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011.
- NBC Corporate Identity Project (2021). "The rise of the white coach". NBC Corporate Identity Project.
- ^ National Express Group: Our History National Express
- National Express Group PLC and Saltire Holdings Ltd Monopolies & Mergers Commission February 1994 page 3
- Express sale set for DTp approval Commercial Motor 10 March 1988
- Companies House extract company no 2036613 Airlinks The Airport Coach Company Limited formerly Airport Express Trains Limited formerly ATL (Holdings) Limited
- Companies House extract company no 1792858 Trathern Travel Services Limited formerly Yellow-Trathern Express Limited
- National snaps up ATL Commercial Motor 27 July 1989
- National Express grows Commercial Motor 10 August 1989
- Companies House extract company no 1946383 Burroughs Hill Limited formerly Drawlane Group Transport plc
- Drawlane team snaps up NEG Commercial Motor 4 July 1991
- Townsin, Alan (1992). "Coach deregulation arrives". The British Bus Story – The Early '80s: The Die is Cast. The Transport Publishing Company. pp. 22–24. ISBN 978-0-86317-170-3.
- "£1 a seat for Stagecoach's Ryanair of the road service". The Guardian. 19 February 2004. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- "London services move coach station". Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
- "National Express announces expansion of services across UK". Intelligent Transport. 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- "Airbus". Key Buses. 8 July 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- Xie, Qin (2 April 2020). "National Express to suspend all coach services". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- Calder, Simon (18 June 2020). "National Express will start running coach services again on 1 July". The Independent. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- Wright, Greg (8 January 2021). "National Express to suspend all coach services due to pandemic". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- Calder, Simon (25 March 2021). "Coach travel back on in England from Monday". The Independent. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- "National Express Tickets - Post Office". postoffice.co.uk. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
- "Student Coach Card". Cranfield Students' Association. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- "Senior Coachcard: National Express". Trafford Directory. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- "National Express Disabled Person Coachcard". Notts Help Yourself. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- Adams-Spink, Geoff (24 November 2005). "Accessible coaches start trials". BBC News. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
- "Evolution of the species". routeone. 3 October 2017. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
- "First National Express Levante IIIs hit the road". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. 17 July 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
- "National Express trials mirrorless coaches". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
- "National Express first to trial Yutong GTe14 battery-electric tri-axle". routeone. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
- chrispeat (19 March 2024). "FULL COVERAGE: National Express reveals Van Hool Altanos". Bus & Coach Buyer. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- Deakin, Tim (18 March 2024). "Van Hool TDX21 Altano for National Express work makes debut". routeone. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- "National Express dips toe in double-deck coach market". routeone. 26 October 2016. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
- Welch, Jonathan (18 July 2023). "Express with Edwards". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
- "Coach death driver pleads guilty". BBC News. 15 October 2008. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
- ^ Robinson, Peter; Cameron, Harry (2022). National Express The Journey of an Iconic Brand. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1398113626.
External links
Media related to National Express Coaches at Wikimedia Commons
| Mobico Group | |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom bus operations | |
| International bus operations | |
| Railway operations | |
| Former bus operations | |
| Former railway operations | |
| Former tram operations | |