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{{Short description|Political analysis method created by Charles Maurras, inspired by positivism}}
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'''Organizing Empiricism''' is a political analysis method created by ], inspired by ]. This method involves analyzing the present in light of the past to predict societal evolution through psychology and derive principles for action. The application of this positivist doctrine in politics observes historical laws<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|author1=]|author2=]|author3=Martin Motte|title=Lire Maurras aujourd'hui|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/repliques/lire-maurras-aujourdhui|date=June 23, 2018|publisher=]|access-date=June 24, 2018|description=Episode of the show "Répliques."}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>M. Mourre, Dict. Encyclop. d'hist., Paris, Bordas, 1978, {{p.|2892}}, s.v. Maurras.</ref> and culminates in ]<ref name="Blanchonnet 2017">{{Cite book|language=fr|first=Stéphane|last=Blanchonnet|title=Petit dictionnaire maurrassien|publisher=Nouvelle Marge|location=Lyon|year=2017|total-pages=98|isbn=978-2-9556200-2-1}}.</ref>. Maurras argued that society’s organization and institutions should result from a centuries-long selection process, with monarchy considered optimal for France. '''Organizing Empiricism''' is a political analysis method created by ], inspired by ]. This method involves analyzing the present in light of the past to predict societal evolution through psychology and derive principles for action. The application of this positivist doctrine in politics observes historical laws<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|author1=Alain Finkielkraut|author-link1=Alain Finkielkraut|author2=Michel De Jaeghere|author-link2=Michel De Jaeghere|author3=Martin Motte|title=Lire Maurras aujourd'hui|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/repliques/lire-maurras-aujourdhui|date=June 23, 2018|publisher=]|access-date=June 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>M. Mourre, Dict. Encyclop. d'hist., Paris, Bordas, 1978, {{p.|2892}}, s.v. Maurras.</ref> and culminates in ].<ref name="Blanchonnet 2017">{{Cite book|language=fr|first=Stéphane|last=Blanchonnet|title=Petit dictionnaire maurrassien|publisher=Nouvelle Marge|location=Lyon|year=2017|isbn=978-2-9556200-2-1}}</ref> Maurras argued that society's organization and institutions should result from a centuries-long selection process, with monarchy considered optimal for France.


Maurras summarized organizing empiricism as "leveraging the successes of the past for the future every well-born spirit wishes for their country." He also encapsulated the concept in the phrase, "Our teacher in politics is experience."<ref>], ], ], ]: trois idées politiques, {{p.|29}} & seq., H. et E. Champion, Paris, 1912.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Entre volonté et renoncement : la Restauration jugée par Charles Maurras|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-napoleonica-la-revue-2015-1-page-52.htm|date=2015|website=Cairn, Revue Napoleonica 2015/1 (n° 22)|access-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref>. Maurras summarized organizing empiricism as "leveraging the successes of the past for the future every well-born spirit wishes for their country." He also encapsulated the concept in the phrase, "Our teacher in politics is experience."<ref>], ], ], ]: trois idées politiques, {{p.|29}} & seq., H. et E. Champion, Paris, 1912.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|language=fr|title=Entre volonté et renoncement : la Restauration jugée par Charles Maurras|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-napoleonica-la-revue-2015-1-page-52.htm|date=2015|journal=Napoleonica la Revue|doi=10.3917/napo.022.0052 |access-date=March 4, 2021 |last1=Georgin |first1=Éric |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=52–69 }}</ref>


Maurrassian organizing empiricism claims to derive political truths, social laws, and psychological norms from history: {{quote|The examination of natural social facts and the analysis of political history lead to certain certainties. The past establishes them, psychology explains them, and the subsequent course of contemporary events confirms them day by day.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Gabriel Monod et « l'État Monod ». Une campagne nationaliste de Charles Maurras (1897-1931)|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-historique-2012-4-page-837.htm|date=2012|website=Revue historique, 2012/4 (n° 664), pp. 837-862|access-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>La Démocratie religieuse, Paris, Nouvelle librairie nationale, 1921.</ref>}} Maurrassian organizing empiricism claims to derive political truths, social laws, and psychological norms from history: {{blockquote|The examination of natural social facts and the analysis of political history lead to certain certainties. The past establishes them, psychology explains them, and the subsequent course of contemporary events confirms them day by day.<ref>{{Cite journal|language=fr|title=Gabriel Monod et " l'État Monod ". Une campagne nationaliste de Charles Maurras (1897-1931)|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-historique-2012-4-page-837.htm|date=2012|journal=Revue Historique|doi=10.3917/rhis.124.0837 |access-date=March 4, 2021 |last1=Joly |first1=Laurent |issue=4 |pages=837–862 }}</ref><ref>La Démocratie religieuse, Paris, Nouvelle librairie nationale, 1921.</ref>}}


Through organizing empiricism, Maurras rejected deterministic philosophies, whether optimistic like ] or pessimistic like Guénonism, as well as the democratic idea that the future can be built without regard for the past, based solely on public opinion.<ref name="Blanchonnet 2017" /> Through organizing empiricism, Maurras rejected deterministic philosophies, whether optimistic like ] or pessimistic like Guénonism, as well as the democratic idea that the future can be built without regard for the past, based solely on public opinion.<ref name="Blanchonnet 2017" />
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Maurras traced the roots of organizing empiricism to ] as interpreted by ] and, more broadly, the '']'' of ], ], and ]{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}. Maurras traced the roots of organizing empiricism to ] as interpreted by ] and, more broadly, the '']'' of ], ], and ]{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}.


He directly drew inspiration from the analytical methods of literary critic ], coining the term "organizing empiricism." Sainte-Beuve’s approach was known for its impartiality, emphasis on experience, and effort to explore contradictions in literary, political, and philosophical currents.<ref name=actionfrancaise.net>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=L’empirisme organisateur|url=https://www.actionfrancaise.net/2020/09/01/lempirisme-organisateur/|date=September 1, 2020|website=actionfrancaise.net|access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> He directly drew inspiration from the analytical methods of literary critic ], coining the term "organizing empiricism." Sainte-Beuve's approach was known for its impartiality, emphasis on experience, and effort to explore contradictions in literary, political, and philosophical currents.<ref name=actionfrancaise.net>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=L'empirisme organisateur|url=https://www.actionfrancaise.net/2020/09/01/lempirisme-organisateur/|date=September 1, 2020|website=actionfrancaise.net|access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref>


The method also incorporated traditional (ancient and medieval), counter-revolutionary, and ] thought, particularly that of ].<ref name=actionfrancaise.net/> The method also incorporated traditional (ancient and medieval), counter-revolutionary, and ] thought, particularly that of ].<ref name=actionfrancaise.net/>
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== Bibliography == == Bibliography ==
* {{Article|author1=Francis Moury|title=Charles Maurras et le positivisme d'Auguste Comte|journal=]|issue=66|date=2017|pages=123-130}} * {{Cite journal|author1=Francis Moury|title=Charles Maurras et le positivisme d'Auguste Comte|journal=]|issue=66|date=2017|pages=123–130}}
* {{Article|author1=Maurice Plamondon|title=L'empirisme organisateur de Charles Maurras et celui de la ''Revue critique des idées et des livres''|journal=]|issue=4|location=Aix-en-Provence|date=1980|pages=193-205}} * {{Cite journal|author1=Maurice Plamondon|title=L'empirisme organisateur de Charles Maurras et celui de la ''Revue critique des idées et des livres''|journal=]|issue=4|location=Aix-en-Provence|date=1980|pages=193–205}}
* {{Article|author1=Pierre Maureau|title=Sur l'empirisme organisateur|journal=]|volume=1|location=Aix-en-Provence|date=1972|pages=107-114}} * {{Cite journal|author1=Pierre Maureau|title=Sur l'empirisme organisateur|journal=]|volume=1|location=Aix-en-Provence|date=1972|pages=107–114}}


== See Also == == See also ==
=== Related Articles === === Related Articles ===
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Latest revision as of 05:49, 24 December 2024

Political analysis method created by Charles Maurras, inspired by positivism
Charles Maurras

Organizing Empiricism is a political analysis method created by Charles Maurras, inspired by positivism. This method involves analyzing the present in light of the past to predict societal evolution through psychology and derive principles for action. The application of this positivist doctrine in politics observes historical laws and culminates in integral nationalism. Maurras argued that society's organization and institutions should result from a centuries-long selection process, with monarchy considered optimal for France.

Maurras summarized organizing empiricism as "leveraging the successes of the past for the future every well-born spirit wishes for their country." He also encapsulated the concept in the phrase, "Our teacher in politics is experience."

Maurrassian organizing empiricism claims to derive political truths, social laws, and psychological norms from history:

The examination of natural social facts and the analysis of political history lead to certain certainties. The past establishes them, psychology explains them, and the subsequent course of contemporary events confirms them day by day.

Through organizing empiricism, Maurras rejected deterministic philosophies, whether optimistic like Marxism or pessimistic like Guénonism, as well as the democratic idea that the future can be built without regard for the past, based solely on public opinion.

Intellectual Origins

Maurras traced the roots of organizing empiricism to Thomism as interpreted by Jacques Maritain and, more broadly, the Philosophia perennis of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

He directly drew inspiration from the analytical methods of literary critic Sainte-Beuve, coining the term "organizing empiricism." Sainte-Beuve's approach was known for its impartiality, emphasis on experience, and effort to explore contradictions in literary, political, and philosophical currents.

The method also incorporated traditional (ancient and medieval), counter-revolutionary, and positivist thought, particularly that of Auguste Comte.

Influence

According to writer Jacques Paugam, Charles de Gaulle may have employed organizing empiricism in orchestrating the independence of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Organizing empiricism attracted several renowned historians to Action française, including Jacques Bainville, Pierre Gaxotte, Michel Mourre, Philippe Ariès, and Pierre Chardon.

References

  1. Alain Finkielkraut; Michel De Jaeghere; Martin Motte (June 23, 2018). "Lire Maurras aujourd'hui" (in French). France Culture. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  2. M. Mourre, Dict. Encyclop. d'hist., Paris, Bordas, 1978, p. 2892, s.v. Maurras.
  3. ^ Blanchonnet, Stéphane (2017). Petit dictionnaire maurrassien (in French). Lyon: Nouvelle Marge. ISBN 978-2-9556200-2-1.
  4. Maurras, Chateaubriand, Michelet, Sainte-Beuve: trois idées politiques, p. 29 & seq., H. et E. Champion, Paris, 1912.
  5. Georgin, Éric (2015). "Entre volonté et renoncement : la Restauration jugée par Charles Maurras". Napoleonica la Revue (in French). 22 (1): 52–69. doi:10.3917/napo.022.0052. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  6. Joly, Laurent (2012). "Gabriel Monod et " l'État Monod ". Une campagne nationaliste de Charles Maurras (1897-1931)". Revue Historique (in French) (4): 837–862. doi:10.3917/rhis.124.0837. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  7. La Démocratie religieuse, Paris, Nouvelle librairie nationale, 1921.
  8. ^ "L'empirisme organisateur". actionfrancaise.net (in French). September 1, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
  9. "Jacques Paugam: "Maurras a compris avant bien d'autres que les idées généreuses et le sentimentalisme pouvaient mener vers la censure, le refus du débat et la remise en cause de la démocratie"". atlantico.fr. April 30, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2018.

Bibliography

  • Francis Moury (2017). "Charles Maurras et le positivisme d'Auguste Comte". Nouvelle École (66): 123–130.
  • Maurice Plamondon (1980). "L'empirisme organisateur de Charles Maurras et celui de la Revue critique des idées et des livres". Études maurrassiennes (4). Aix-en-Provence: 193–205.
  • Pierre Maureau (1972). "Sur l'empirisme organisateur". Études maurrassiennes. 1. Aix-en-Provence: 107–114.

See also

Related Articles

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