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⚫ {{onesource|date=July 2017}}
{{Short description|Pro-Chinese Communist Party segment of Macanese society}}
{{for|the similar segment in Hong Kong|Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)}}
⚫ {{unreferenced|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox political party {{Infobox political party
| name = Pro-Beijing camp | name = Pro-Beijing camp
| lang1 = Chinese | lang1 = Chinese
| name_lang1 = {{lang|zh-hk|親北京陣營}} | name_lang1 = {{lang|zh-hk|親北京陣營}}
| lang2 = Portuguese | lang2 = Portuguese
| name_lang2 = {{lang|pt|Campo Pró-Pequim}} | name_lang2 = {{lang|pt|Campo Pró-Pequim}}
| colorcode = Red | colorcode = Red
| caption = ] and the ]
| party_logo =
| foundation = Early 1990s | foundation = Early 1990s
| headquarters = | headquarters =
| ideology = {{Nowrap|]<br>]}} | ideology = {{Nowrap|]<br/>]<br/>'''Factions:'''<br/> ]<br/>]}}
⚫ | seats1_title = ]
| position = ]
⚫ | seats1 = {{Composition bar|30|33|hex=red}}
⚫ | seats1_title = ]
⚫ | seats2_title = Election Committee
⚫ | seats1 = {{Composition bar|30|33|hex=red}}
⚫ | seats2 = {{Composition bar|390|400|hex=red}}
⚫ | seats2_title = Election Committee
⚫ | seats3_title = ] (Macau deputies)
⚫ | seats2 = {{Composition bar|390|400|hex=red}}
⚫ | seats3 = {{Composition bar|12|12|hex=red}}
⚫ | seats3_title = ] (Macau deputies)
| colours = ] and ]<br />(customary)
⚫ | seats3 = {{Composition bar|12|12|hex=red}}
| colours = ] and ]<br />(customary) | website =
⚫ | country = Macau
| website =
⚫ | country = Macau
}} }}
{{Chinese {{Chinese
|order=ts | order = ts
|t=親北京陣營 | t = 親北京陣營
|s=亲北京阵营 | s = 亲北京阵营
| j = {{Tone superscript|Can1 bak1 ging1 zan6 jing4}} | j = {{Tone superscript|Can1 bak1 ging1 zan6 jing4}}
| y = Chān bāk gīng jahn yìhng | y = Chān bāk gīng jahn yìhng
|p=Qīn Běijīng Zhènyíng | p = Qīn Běijīng Zhènyíng
|por=Campo Pró-Pequim | por = Campo Pró-Pequim
}} }}
{{Neoconservatism in China|Alliances}}{{Not to be confused|Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)}}
'''Pro-Beijing camp''', '''pro-establishment camp''' or '''pro-China camp''' ({{Lang-zh|t=建制派}} or {{Lang-zh|t=親中派|labels=no}}; {{Lang-pt|campo pró-Pequim}}, {{Lang-pt|campo pró-estabelecimento|label=none}} or {{Lang-pt|campo pró-China|label=none}}) is a segment of ] society which supports the policies and views of ] and ] before and after the ] of Macau on 20 December 1999. The term can be used to identify politicians, political parties and individuals. Their rivals are the ]. The '''pro-Beijing camp''', '''pro-establishment camp''' or '''pro-China camp''' ({{Lang-zh|t=建制派}} or {{Lang-zh|t=親中派|labels=no}}; {{Langx|pt|campo pró-Pequim}}, {{Langx|pt|campo pró-estabelecimento|label=none}} or {{Langx|pt|campo pró-China|label=none}}) is a political alignment in ] which supports the policies and views of the ] and the ] before and after the ] on 20 December 1999. The term can be used to identify politicians, political parties and individuals. Their rivals are the ].


==History== ==History==


===Prior to handover=== ===Prior to handover===
Some of the political groups within the pro-establishment camp, such as the ] and ] have had a long history of following the directions of the ] and of loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party since the colonial period. Some of the political groups within the pro-establishment camp, such as the ] and ] have had a long history of following the directions of the ] and of loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party since the colonial period.{{cn|date=May 2024}}


==Policies== ==Policies==
Pro-establishment members are united by the political ideology or economic policies of being closer to ], as much out of pragmatism as of conviction, but vary on other issues within the context of ]. Pro-establishment members are united by the political ideology or economic policies of being closer to ], as much out of pragmatism as of conviction, but vary on other issues within the context of ].{{cn|date=May 2024}}


==Members of the camp== ==Members of the camp==
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The following entities are routinely referred to as members of the Pro-establishment camp: The following entities are routinely referred to as members of the Pro-establishment camp:


* Traditional Leftists <ref>{{Cite book |title=澳門政經二十年 |isbn=978-626-317-669-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UiB1EAAAQBAJ&dq=%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%B7%A5%E6%9C%83%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%B8%BD%E6%9C%83%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC&pg=PA122 |quote=在所有傳統社團中，五個有影響力的親共左派社團尤為重要。他們是澳門中華總商會、澳門工會聯合總會（工聯）、澳門中華教育會、澳門街坊總會和澳門婦女聯合總會。從勞工、教育到社區，這些社團可說是涵蓋了澳門最重要的社會部門（Chou，2015）。 |author1=楊鳴宇 |author2=林仲軒 |author3=吳明軒 |author4=廖志輝 |author5=李展鵬 |author6=呂開顏 |author7=王紅宇 |author8=馬天龍 |date=16 March 2022 |publisher=五南圖書出版股份有限公司 }}</ref>
⚫ * Pro-business
⚫ ** ]
⚫ ** ] (4)
⚫ ** ]
⚫ ** ] (2)
** ] (2) ** ] and ]
⚫ ** ] and ]
⚫ ** ] (2)
⚫ ** ] (1)
⚫ ** ] (1)
⚫ ** ] (1)
** ] ** ]
** ]
* Traditionalists

⚫ ** ] (2)
⚫ * Pro-business
** ] and ] (2)
⚫ ** ]
⚫ ** ] and ] (1)
⚫ ** ]
⚫ ** ]
*Functional groups
⚫ **Macau Business Interest Union
⚫ ** Macau professional Interest Union
** Excellent Culture and Sports Union Association
==Electoral performance== ==Electoral performance==
=== Legislative Council elections === === Legislative Council elections ===
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| 99,366{{increase}} | 99,366{{increase}}
| 57.56{{decrease}} | 57.56{{decrease}}
| {{Composition bar|9|13|hex=red}} | {{Composition bar|9|14|hex=red}}
| {{decrease}}1 | {{decrease}}1
| {{yes2|Majority}} | {{yes2|Majority}}
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| 105,256{{increase}} | 105,256{{increase}}
| 79.71{{increase}} | 79.71{{increase}}
| {{Composition bar|11|13|hex=red}} | {{Composition bar|11|14|hex=red}}
| {{increase}}2 | {{increase}}2
| {{yes2|Majority}} | {{yes2|Majority}}
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==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]
* ] (Hong Kong) * ]
* ] * ]


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] ]
] ]
]
] ]

Latest revision as of 07:29, 24 December 2024

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.
Find sources: "Pro-Beijing camp" Macau – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2017)
Political party in Macau
Pro-Beijing camp
Chinese name親北京陣營
Portuguese nameCampo Pró-Pequim
FoundedEarly 1990s
IdeologyConservatism
Chinese nationalism
Factions:
Socialism
Economic liberalism
ColoursRed and green
(customary)
Legislative Assembly of Macau30 / 33
Election Committee390 / 400
NPC (Macau deputies)12 / 12
Pro-Beijing camp
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese親北京陣營
Simplified Chinese亲北京阵营
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQīn Běijīng Zhènyíng
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationChān bāk gīng jahn yìhng
JyutpingCan bak ging zan jing
Portuguese name
PortugueseCampo Pró-Pequim
Part of a series on
Neoauthoritarianism
in China
Ideologies
Principles
History
Intellectuals
Politicians

Mainland China

Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)

Macau (pro-Beijing)

Republic of China (Taiwan, pro-Beijing)

Extant parties

Mainland China

Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)

Macau (pro-Beijing)

Republic of China (Taiwan, pro-Beijing)

Historical parties

Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)

Alliances
Literature
Organisations
Media

Mainland China

Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)

Related ideologies
Related topics
Not to be confused with Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong).

The pro-Beijing camp, pro-establishment camp or pro-China camp (Chinese: 建制派 or 親中派; Portuguese: campo pró-Pequim, campo pró-estabelecimento or campo pró-China) is a political alignment in Macau which supports the policies and views of the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party before and after the handover of Macau on 20 December 1999. The term can be used to identify politicians, political parties and individuals. Their rivals are the pro-democracy camp.

History

Prior to handover

Some of the political groups within the pro-establishment camp, such as the Union for Development and Progress Promotion Union have had a long history of following the directions of the People's Republic of China and of loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party since the colonial period.

Policies

Pro-establishment members are united by the political ideology or economic policies of being closer to Beijing, as much out of pragmatism as of conviction, but vary on other issues within the context of Macau.

Members of the camp

Civil organisations, individual social activists, political parties, political groups and lawmakers who share a similar belief in democracy are all considered members of this camp. (number of Legislative Deputies shown in brackets)

The following entities are routinely referred to as members of the Pro-establishment camp:

Electoral performance

Legislative Council elections

Election Number of
popular votes 		% of
popular votes 		Total seats +/− Status
2001 52,617Steady 62.99Steady 9 / 12 — Majority
2005 88,949Increase 71.26Increase 9 / 12 Steady Majority
2009 93,810Increase 66.16Decrease 8 / 12 Decrease1 Majority
2013 92,251Decrease 62.99Decrease 10 / 14 Increase2 Majority
2017 99,366Increase 57.56Decrease 9 / 14 Decrease1 Majority
2021 105,256Increase 79.71Increase 11 / 14 Increase2 Majority

See also

References

  1. 楊鳴宇; 林仲軒; 吳明軒; 廖志輝; 李展鵬; 呂開顏; 王紅宇; 馬天龍 (16 March 2022). 澳門政經二十年. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. ISBN 978-626-317-669-0. 在所有傳統社團中，五個有影響力的親共左派社團尤為重要。他們是澳門中華總商會、澳門工會聯合總會（工聯）、澳門中華教育會、澳門街坊總會和澳門婦女聯合總會。從勞工、教育到社區，這些社團可說是涵蓋了澳門最重要的社會部門（Chou，2015）。
Macau Political civic associations in Macau
Pro-Beijing (30)
Pro-democracy (2)
Unaligned (1)
Unrepresented
Categories: