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{{short description|American Christian activist (born 1950)}}
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'''Howard Fieldstad Ahmanson Jr.''' (born February 3, 1950) is an American philanthropist and writer whose public activities focus on deepening awareness and fostering better policy regarding issues of housing affordability, land use, and the abuse of ]. He is the son of ], the founder of ], a fortune in which Ahmanson Jr. is an heir. Ahmanson Jr. is a multi-millionaire and financier of many causes relating to culture, spirituality, humanities and politics. '''Howard Fieldstad Ahmanson Jr.''' (born February 3, 1950) is an American Christian activist. He is the son of ], the founder of ].


==Biography== ==Biography==
⚫ Ahmanson was born on February 3, 1950. He is the son of Dorothy Johnston Grannis and the ] financier ] (1906–1968).<ref name="Burden of Wealth">Larsen, Peter. "Burden of Wealth" Orange County Register. August 8, 2004. See also, Eric John Abrahamson, ''Building Home: Howard F. Ahmanson and the Politics of the American Dream'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013)</ref> He has Tourette syndrome.<ref name="Salon2004" /><ref name="About Us">{{cite web |title=Howard Ahmanson and Roberta Ahmanson Bio |url=https://www.fieldstead.com/ahmansons/ |website=Fieldstead & Company |access-date=28 August 2020}}</ref> His father was a prominent businessman in the savings and loan industry; Howard Sr. founded ], which thrived in the ]<ref name="nyt-1968jun18">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/06/18/archives/howard-f-ahmanson-61-dies-one-of-nations-wealthiest-men-led-home.html |title=Howard F. Ahmanson, 61, Dies; One of Nation's Wealthiest Men: Led Home Savings & Loan in Los Angeles – Fortune Estimated at $300-Million |newspaper=] |date=June 18, 1968 |page=47 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url-access=subscription}} {{subscription required}} via ].</ref> and ultimately expanded throughout California<ref name="lat-1991jan23">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-23-fi-483-story.html |title=Home Savings to Buy Coast's S.D. Branches |newspaper=] |date=January 23, 1991 |first=Greg |last=Johnson}}</ref> and into ],<ref name="nyt-1984aug13">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/13/business/home-savings-in-acquisition-washington-aug-12.html |title=Home Savings in Acquisition Washington, Aug. 12 |newspaper=] |date=August 13, 1984 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> ]<ref name="lat-1987apr29">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-04-29-fi-1532-story.html |title=H. F. Ahmanson agreed to buy an S&L in Arizona. |newspaper=] |date=April 29, 1987 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> and ].<ref name="sfss-1997feb12">{{cite news |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1997-02-12/business/9702110360_1_frontier-airlines-holdings-greenwich-air-services |title=Banking |newspaper=] |date=February 12, 1997 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |access-date=March 1, 2020 |archive-date=April 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409111523/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1997-02-12/business/9702110360_1_frontier-airlines-holdings-greenwich-air-services |url-status=dead }}</ref> His father was well known for his support of the arts, an area in which Ahmanson Jr. has continued to be active.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Friedlander |first1=Whitney |title=WHO WAS HOWARD AHMANSON SR. AND HOW DID HE CHANGE L.A.? A NEW BOOK TRIES TO ANSWER |url=https://www.laweekly.com/who-was-howard-ahmanson-sr-and-how-did-he-change-l-a-a-new-book-tries-to-answer/ |website=LA Weekly |date=March 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref>


⚫ His parents divorced when he was ten years old.<ref name="Burden of Wealth"/> Despite the trappings of wealth, Howard Jr. was a lonely child. He has said, "I resented my family background, could never be a role model, whether by habits or his lifestyle, it was never anything I wanted."<ref name="OC Reg 1985">Haas, Jane Glenn. "The Salvation of H.F. Ahmanson Jr." Orange County Register. 1985.</ref> His father died when he was eighteen, and Ahmanson Jr. inherited his father's fortune.<ref name="theguardian.com">Doward, Jamie. ''The Observer''. March 6, 2005.</ref>
===Early life===
⚫ Ahmanson was born on February 3, 1950. He is the son of Dorothy Johnston Grannis and the American financier ] (1906–1968).<ref name="Burden of Wealth">Larsen, Peter. "Burden of Wealth" Orange County Register. August 8, 2004. See also, Eric John Abrahamson, ''Building Home: Howard F. Ahmanson and the Politics of the American Dream'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013)</ref> His father was a prominent businessman in the savings and loan industry; Ahmanson, Sr. founded ] that thrived in the ]<ref name="nyt-1968jun18">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/06/18/archives/howard-f-ahmanson-61-dies-one-of-nations-wealthiest-men-led-home.html |title=Howard F. Ahmanson, 61, Dies; One of Nation's Wealthiest Men: Led Home Savings & Loan in Los Angeles – Fortune Estimated at $300-Million |newspaper=] |date=June 18, 1968 |page=47 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url-access=subscription}} {{subscription}} via ].</ref> and ultimately expanded throughout California<ref name="lat-1991jan23">{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-01-23/business/fi-483_1_home-savings |title=Home Savings to Buy Coast's S.D. Branches |newspaper=] |date=January 23, 1991 |first=Greg |last=Johnson}}</ref> and into New York state,<ref name="nyt-1984aug13">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/13/business/home-savings-in-acquisition-washington-aug-12.html?pagewanted=all |title=Home Savings in Acquisition Washington, Aug. 12 |newspaper=] |date=August 13, 1984 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> Arizona<ref name="lat-1987apr29">{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-04-29/business/fi-1532_1_h-f-ahmanson |title=H. F. Ahmanson agreed to buy an S&L in Arizona. |newspaper=] |date=April 29, 1987 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> and Florida.<ref name="sfss-1997feb12">{{cite news |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1997-02-12/business/9702110360_1_frontier-airlines-holdings-greenwich-air-services |title=Banking |newspaper=] |date=February 12, 1997 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> His father was well known for his support for the arts, an area in which the father and son share an interest.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Friedlander |first1=Whitney |title=WHO WAS HOWARD AHMANSON SR. AND HOW DID HE CHANGE L.A.? A NEW BOOK TRIES TO ANSWER |url=https://www.laweekly.com/who-was-howard-ahmanson-sr-and-how-did-he-change-l-a-a-new-book-tries-to-answer/ |website=LA Weekly |publisher=LA Weekly |accessdate=March 23, 2020}}</ref> Howard Sr. found great pride in having a son, since he saw the opportunity to extend his own empire and legacy. Howard Sr. pursued a close relationship with his son, Howard Jr., whom he referred to as ''"Steady"''. Howard Jr. was intellectually inclined. He was reading by age 3 and was quoted in a local newspaper about ] at age 8.<ref name="Building Home">{{cite book |last1=Abrahamson |first1=Eric John |title=Building home : Howard F. Ahmanson and the politics of the American dream |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520273757}}</ref>


⚫ He attended ], where he obtained a degree in economics.<ref name="Salon2004">{{cite news | url=https://www.salon.com/2004/01/06/ahmanson/ | title=Avenging angel of the religious right | work=] |date=January 6, 2004 | first=Max | last=Blumenthal | access-date =December 26, 2019}}</ref> He then toured Europe, but returned because of complications with ].<ref name="Salon2004"/> He earned a master's degree in ] at the ].<ref name="Salon2004" />
⚫ His parents divorced when he was ten years old.<ref name="Burden of Wealth"/> Despite the trappings of wealth, Howard Jr. was a lonely child. He has said, "I resented my family background, could never be a role model, whether by habits or his lifestyle, it was never anything I wanted."<ref name="OC Reg 1985">Haas, Jane Glenn. "The Salvation of H.F. Ahmanson Jr." Orange County Register. 1985.</ref> His father died when his son was eighteen, and Ahmanson Jr. inherited the vast fortune built by his father.<ref>Doward, Jamie. ''The Observer''. March 6, 2005.</ref>


In 1986, Howard married journalist Roberta Green.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Howard |url=https://howardahmansonjr.com/about-howard-ahmanson/ |website=Howard Ahmanson Jr. |publisher=Howard Ahmanson |access-date=February 26, 2020}}</ref>
⚫ He attended ], where he obtained a degree in Economics.<ref name="Salon2004">{{cite news | url=https://www.salon.com/2004/01/06/ahmanson/ | title=Avenging angel of the religious right | work=] |date=January 6, 2004 | first=Max | last=Blumenthal | accessdate =December 26, 2019}}</ref> He then toured Europe, but returned because of complications with ].<ref name="Salon2004"/> He earned a master's degree in ] at the ]. Ahmanson's language fluency in Spanish, German and Japanese was a triumph over his ].<ref name="Salon2004"/><ref name="About Us">{{cite web |title=Howard Ahmanson and Roberta Ahmanson Bio |url=https://www.fieldstead.com/ahmansons/ |website=Fieldstead & Company |publisher=Fieldstead & Company |accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref>


==Monetary contributions==
In 1986, Howard married journalist Roberta Green, who supports him in philanthropic endeavors and has a specific focus and concern for visual art.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Howard |url=https://howardahmansonjr.com/about-howard-ahmanson/ |website=Howard Ahmanson Jr. |publisher=Howard Ahmanson |accessdate=February 26, 2020}}</ref> She assumes a more hands-on role within those endeavors, namely ] in ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bridge Projects |url=https://www.bridgeprojects.com/about |publisher=bridgeprojects.com |accessdate=January 29, 2020}}</ref>


==Philanthropy==


===Organizations and projects=== ===Organizations and projects===
'''Fieldstead and Company''', Howard and Roberta Ahmanson's personal donor organization, has a steady history of making contributions to a plethora of organizations and initiatives.<ref>Doward, Jamie. ''The Observer''. March 6, 2005.</ref> It is stated that the mission of Fieldstead and Company is to "make the world more like ... a place where there is no darkness, no sickness, no hunger or thirst, no slavery, no prisoners, no tears, no death".<ref name="Giving-Fieldstead & Company">{{cite web |title=Giving |url=https://www.fieldstead.com/giving/ |website=Fieldstead and Company |accessdate=February 19, 2020}}</ref> The following is a list of organizations to which the Ahmansons have contributed significant amounts in the past: '''Fieldstead and Company''', Howard and Roberta Ahmanson's personal office, has a steady history of contributing parts of his father's inherited fortune to a plethora of organizations and initiatives.<ref name="theguardian.com"/> It is stated that the mission of Fieldstead and Company is to "make the world more like ... a place where there is no darkness, no sickness, no hunger or thirst, no slavery, no prisoners, no tears, no death".<ref name="Giving-Fieldstead & Company">{{cite web |title=Giving |url=https://www.fieldstead.com/giving/ |website=Fieldstead and Company |access-date=February 19, 2020}}</ref> The following is a list of organizations to which the Ahmansons have contributed significant amounts in the past:
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Association of orthodox Episcopal churches, led by Rev. Canon David Anderson.''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref> :→''Association of orthodox Episcopal churches, led by Rev. Canon David Anderson.''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two">{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] ], one of many entities to benefit from the philanthropic efforts of Howard Ahmanson, Jr.]] *''']'''; ] ], one of many entities that has received contributions from Ahmanson Jr.]]
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Howard played a significant role in financially and intellectually supporting a publication, “With Friends Like These”, that was organized by the California Policy Center and served California elected officials by displaying a grounded case against corporate welfare in the state of California.''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmanson |first1=Howard |title=Insights from Francis Fukuyama on the Problem of Crony Capitalism |url=https://howardahmansonjr.com/2020/01/insights-from-francis-fukuyama-on-the-problem-of-crony-capitalism/ |website=Howard Ahmanson, Jr. |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WITH FRIENDS LIKE THESE |url=http://calocalelectedofficials.org/wp-content/uploads/Corporate-Welfare-pgs-1-36.pdf |website=California Policy Center |publisher=CPC |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Roberta Ahmanson graduated from Calvin College in 1972.''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref> :→''Roberta Ahmanson graduated from Calvin College in 1972.''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''By way of Fieldstead & Company, Howard has made possible a series of conferences and events predominantly focused on matters such as housing policy, all held at Chapman University’s Wilkinson College for Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. These events have tackled conversations relevant to the Greater Los Angeles area, such as the future of transportation, the LA housing crisis, housing injustices, and the dwindling power of municipal power.''<ref>{{cite web |title=The City of Bell Scandal Revisited |url=https://www.chapman.edu/wilkinson/about/events/bell-conference.aspx |website=Chapman University Wilkinson College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences |publisher=Chapman University |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=REIMAGINING LOCAL GOVERNMENT: STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY IN OUR COMMUNITIES |url=https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/localgovernmentreconsidered/strengtheningdemocracy/ |website=Chapman University Digital Commons |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=4th Annual Local Government Conference: Will California Ever Figure Out How to House Itself? |url=https://www.chapman.edu/wilkinson/about/events/4th-annual-local-government-conference.aspx |website=Chapman University Wilkinson College |publisher=Chapman University |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Future of Transportation: 5th Annual Public Policy Conference |url=https://www.chapman.edu/wilkinson/about/events/local-government-conference.aspx |website=Chapman University Wilkinson College |publisher=Chapman University |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref> :→''By way of Fieldstead & Company, Ahmanson Jr. sponsors series of conferences and events predominantly focused on matters such as housing policy and urbanism, all held at Chapman University’s Wilkinson College for Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences.''<ref>{{cite web |title=The City of Bell Scandal Revisited |url=https://www.chapman.edu/wilkinson/about/events/bell-conference.aspx |website=Chapman University Wilkinson College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences |publisher=Chapman University |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=REIMAGINING LOCAL GOVERNMENT: STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY IN OUR COMMUNITIES |url=https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/localgovernmentreconsidered/strengtheningdemocracy/ |website=Chapman University Digital Commons |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=4th Annual Local Government Conference: Will California Ever Figure Out How to House Itself? |url=https://www.chapman.edu/wilkinson/about/events/4th-annual-local-government-conference.aspx |website=Chapman University Wilkinson College |publisher=Chapman University |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Future of Transportation: 5th Annual Public Policy Conference |url=https://www.chapman.edu/wilkinson/about/events/local-government-conference.aspx |website=Chapman University Wilkinson College |publisher=Chapman University |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Think tank seeking "to restore the principles of the American Founding to their rightful, preeminent authority in our national life"''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mission |url=https://www.claremont.org/page/claremonts-mission/ |website=Claremont Institution |accessdate=17 June 2020}}</ref> :→''Think tank seeking "to restore the principles of the American Founding to their rightful, preeminent authority in our national life."''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Mission |url=https://www.claremont.org/page/claremonts-mission/ |website=Claremont Institution |access-date=17 June 2020}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Howard Ahmanson Jr. served on the board of directors for the ''']''', a proponent for the "]" movement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson/ |website=Discovery Institute |accessdate=17 June 2020}}</ref> :→''Howard Ahmanson Jr. served on the board of directors for the ''']''', a proponent for the ] movement.''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson/ |website=Discovery Institute |access-date=17 June 2020}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Founders of a team that published 28 volumes of the '''"Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture."'''''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref> :→''Founders of a team that published 28 volumes of the '''"]."'''''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Think tank that views domestic and foreign policy issues from a ] point of view.''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref> :→''Think tank that view domestic and foreign policy issues from a ] point of view.''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Evangelical-based relief organization with annual budget of about $76 million and programs in 37 countries in the developing world.''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref> :→''Evangelical-based relief organization with annual budget of about $76 million and programs in 37 countries in the developing world.''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/>
*'''Fullhart-Carnegie Museum Trust'''; ] *'''Fullhart-Carnegie Museum Trust'''; ]
:→''The contribution funds Perry, Iowa, a museum in the town in which Roberta Ahmanson grew up.''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fullhart Carnegie Charitable Trust |url=https://www.hometownheritage.org |website=Hometown Heritage |publisher=Dallas County Foundation}}</ref> :→''The contribution funds a museum in the town of Perry, Iowa, in which Roberta Ahmanson grew up.''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Fullhart Carnegie Charitable Trust |url=https://www.hometownheritage.org |website=Hometown Heritage |publisher=Dallas County Foundation}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
*'''International Fellowship for Mission as Transformation (INFEMIT USA)'''; ] *'''International Fellowship for Mission as Transformation (INFEMIT USA)'''; ]
*''']'''; ]<ref>{{cite news | title=Giving generously to their causes | last=Larsen | first=Peter | url=http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/sections/news/article_193704.php | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512020257/http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/sections/news/article_193704.php | archivedate=May 12, 2009 | work=Orange County Register}}</ref> *''']'''; ]<ref name="Larsen">{{cite news | title=Giving generously to their causes | last=Larsen | first=Peter | url=http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/sections/news/article_193704.php | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512020257/http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/sections/news/article_193704.php | archive-date=May 12, 2009 | work=Orange County Register}}</ref>
*'''John & Vera Mae Perkins Foundation'''
*'''Maranatha Trust'''; ] *'''Maranatha Trust'''; ]
*'''Mariners Christian School'''; ] *'''Mariners Christian School'''; ]
:→''Private school in Costa Mesa with about 650 students in preschool to eighth grade.''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref> :→''Private school in Costa Mesa with about 650 students in preschool to eighth grade.''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/>
*'''National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families''' (formerly National Coalition Against Pornography);<ref></ref> ]. *'''National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families''' (formerly National Coalition Against Pornography);<ref></ref> ].
*'''Orange County Classical Academy'''; ]
:→''A K-12 Classical Education public charter school.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://orangecountyclassicalacademy.org |website=Orange County Classical Academy |access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref>
*'''Orange County Rescue Mission'''; ] *'''Orange County Rescue Mission'''; ]
:→''Howard and Roberta are active supporters of the Orange County Rescue Mission, an effort that turns impossibilities into possibilities for the lesser fortunate; predominantly serving those who suffer from abuse, addiction, and abandonment. The Orange County Rescue Mission provides housing, support, treatment, and opportunity for the betterment of those afflicted and forgotten.''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmanson, Jr. |first1=Howard |title=A Manifesto: Important Events That Shaped My Political Views – Howard Ahmanson |url=https://howardahmansonjr.com/2016/10/a-manifesto-important-events-that-shaped-my-political-views-howard-ahmanson/ |website=Howard F. Ahmanson, Jr. |publisher=Howard Ahmanson |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Night at the Symphony |url=https://www.rescuemission.org/night-at-the-symphony/ |website=OC Rescue Mission |publisher=OC Rescue Mission |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Scheller |first1=Christine A. |title=Connoisseur for Christ: Roberta Green Ahmanson |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2011/january/art-roberta-green-ahmanson.html |website=Christianity Today |publisher=Christianity Today |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Good News in Tustin |url=https://www.rescuemission.org/good-news-in-tustin/ |website=OC Rescue Mission |publisher=OC Rescue Mission |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Help Us Rescue Young Girls |url=https://www.rescuemission.org/help-us-rescue-young-girls/ |website=OC Rescue Mission |publisher=OC Rescue Mission |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref> :→''The Orange County Rescue Mission provides housing, support, and treatment, for people struggling with poverty and drug addiction.''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scheller |first1=Christine A. |title=Connoisseur for Christ: Roberta Green Ahmanson |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2011/january/art-roberta-green-ahmanson.html |website=Christianity Today |date=January 19, 2011 |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Howard has utilized his philanthropic arm in Fieldstead & Company to support panels and conferences held at Pepperdine University’s School of Public Policy. These events consisted of conversations around housing affordability between a deep, varied unit of experts on housing policy in the Greater Los Angeles area."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coghlan |first1=Ed |title=Clash between housing affordability, preserving neighborhoods in spotlight at Pepperdine |url=https://caeconomy.org/reporting/entry/clash-between-housing-affordability-preserving-neighborhoods-in-spotlight-a |website=California Economic Summit |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Home in California: Are Our Communities Sustainable? |url=https://publicpolicy.pepperdine.edu/events/2019/sustainable-home-conference.htm |website=Pepperdine School of Public Policy |publisher=Pepperdine University |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref> :→''Similar to his programs at Chapman University, Ahmanson Jr. sponsors events and conferences on the topics of urbanism and affordable housing at Pepperdine's School of Public Policy.''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coghlan |first1=Ed |title=Clash between housing affordability, preserving neighborhoods in spotlight at Pepperdine |url=https://caeconomy.org/reporting/entry/clash-between-housing-affordability-preserving-neighborhoods-in-spotlight-a |website=California Economic Summit |date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Home in California: Are Our Communities Sustainable? |url=https://publicpolicy.pepperdine.edu/events/2019/sustainable-home-conference.htm |website=Pepperdine School of Public Policy |publisher=Pepperdine University |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''(Formerly "St. James Episcopal Church", the Ahmansons have attended the "evangelical church with charismatic roots."''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref> :→''Formerly "St. James Episcopal Church", the Ahmansons have attended the "evangelical church with charismatic roots."''<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/>
*'''Sen USA'''; ] *'''CityGate''' ''(Formerly "Sen USA")''; ]
:→''Evangelical Christian missionary group working in Central and Eastern Europe.''<ref name="Larsen"/><ref>{{cite web |title=CityGate Homepage |url=https://citygate.org |website=CityGate |access-date=23 December 2020}}</ref>
*'''Strong Towns'''; ] *'''Strong Towns'''; ]
:→''Howard has made possible events put on by Strong Towns, a think tank and community that encourages Americans and Canadians, alike, to rethink the way municipal infrastructure is developed and sustained in their respective communities. Fieldstead & Company have been generous in making it possible for Strong Towns to bring their community together for an in-person gathering to learn from active policy experts, policymakers, and researchers around sustaining municipal infrastructure.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Speakers for the Regional Gathering |url=https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2019/11/20/speakers-for-the-regional-gathering?rq=Fieldstead |website=Strong Towns |publisher=Strong Towns |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref> :→''Ahmanson Jr. has made several contributions to Strong Towns, a think tank and community that encourages Americans and Canadians, alike, to rethink the way municipal infrastructure is developed and sustained in their respective communities.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Speakers for the Regional Gathering |url=https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2019/11/20/speakers-for-the-regional-gathering?rq=Fieldstead |website=Strong Towns | date=November 20, 2019 |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]
:→''Fieldstead & Company has generously supported Voice of OC, a startup nonprofit newsroom founded by Norberto Santana, Jr. Troubled by the corruption he discovered in modern journalism, Santana started Voice of OC as an initiative to cover matters that empower, not exploit, the citizens within Orange County.''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Santana Jr. |first1=Noberto |title=Santana: Voice of OC is Ten Years Old Today |url=https://voiceofoc.org/2019/06/santana-voice-of-oc-is-ten-years-old-today/ |website=Voice of OC |publisher=Voice of OC |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref> :→''Fieldstead & Company has supported Voice of OC, a startup nonprofit newsroom founded by Norberto Santana, Jr. to cover events in Orange County.''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Santana Jr. |first1=Noberto |title=Santana: Voice of OC is Ten Years Old Today |url=https://voiceofoc.org/2019/06/santana-voice-of-oc-is-ten-years-old-today/ |website=Voice of OC |date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref>
*''']'''; ] *''']'''; ]


⚫ Howard has previously served as a board member for both the ] and the ]. Ahmanson is a major supporter of the ], whose ] supports ideas centered around ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Discovery Institute-Board Members |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson/ |publisher=Discovery Institute |access-date=February 14, 2020}}</ref><ref name="wilgoren">{{Cite web| last = Wilgoren| first = Jodi| title = Politicized Scholars Put Evolution on the Defensive| work = ]| date = August 21, 2005| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/21/national/21evolve.html| access-date = June 24, 2010}}</ref> Through Fieldstead, Ahmanson's wife Roberta, a former religion reporter and editor for the '']'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Howard & Roberta Ahmanson |url=https://www.fieldstead.com/ahmansons |website=Fieldstead & Company }}</ref> has funded and been directly involved with some programs of the ], including the Washington Journalism Center that encompasses both the Summer Institute of Journalism, and the Fieldstead Journalism Lectures.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614141957/http://wjc.bestsemester.com/overview.asp |date=June 14, 2006 }}</ref> Fieldstead has funded other Christian journalistic projects such as Gegrapha<ref></ref> and GetReligion. A common thread in all of these organizations is ], a personal friend of Roberta Ahmanson, who directs the Washington Journalism Center at the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, teaches journalism, and writes a weekly column for the ]. Roberta Ahmanson recently co-edited a book called ''Blind Spot.''<ref>Marshall, Paul A.; Gilbert, Lela; & Green-Ahmanson, Roberta (eds.). (2009). . New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0195374371}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/15348420903536844| title=Blind Spot: When Journalists Don't get Religion| year=2010| last1=Buddenbaum| first1=Judith M.| journal=Journal of Media and Religion| volume=9| pages=47–51| s2cid=143471762}}</ref> Howard and Roberta are also supporters of ''The Media Project,'' an organization that "educates journalists on the importance of religion" and its digital magazine, ''Religion Unplugged.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Staff & Board |url=https://www.themediaproject.org/board |website=The Media Project |access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> The Ahmansons have also supported the creation of the 29-volume ''Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture'', published by ].<ref name=Levenick>{{cite news|last=Levenick|first=Christopher|title=Ex Libris Philanthropy|url=http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/topic/higher_education/ex_libris_philanthropy|access-date=June 6, 2012|newspaper=Philanthropy|date=Spring 2012}}</ref>

⚫ Howard has previously served as a board member for both the ] and the ]. Ahmanson is a major supporter of the ], whose ] supports ideas centered around ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Discovery Institute-Board Members |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson/ |publisher=Discovery Institute |accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref><ref name="wilgoren">{{Cite web| last = Wilgoren| first = Jodi| title = Politicized Scholars Put Evolution on the Defensive| work = ]| date = August 21, 2005| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/21/national/21evolve.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5088&en=24bc7c9b16cac8a8&ex=1282276800&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss| accessdate = June 24, 2010}}</ref> Through Fieldstead, Ahmanson's wife Roberta, a former religion reporter and editor for the '']'',<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427091525/http://www.cccu.org/~/media/Files/News/Advance/CCCU-Advance-Spring-2004.pdf |date=April 27, 2014 }} ] (Spring 2004)</ref> has funded and been directly involved with some programs of the ], including the Washington Journalism Center that encompasses both the Summer Institute of Journalism, and the Fieldstead Journalism Lectures.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614141957/http://wjc.bestsemester.com/overview.asp |date=June 14, 2006 }}</ref> Fieldstead has funded other Christian journalistic projects such as Gegrapha<ref></ref> and GetReligion. A common thread in all of these organizations is a personal friend of Roberta Ahmanson's: ], who directs the Washington Journalism Center at the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, teaches journalism, and writes a weekly column for the ]. Roberta Ahmanson recently co-edited a book called ''Blind Spot.''<ref>Marshall, Paul A.; Gilbert, Lela; & Green-Ahmanson, Roberta (eds.). (2009). . New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0195374371}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/15348420903536844| title=Blind Spot: When Journalists Don't get Religion| year=2010| last1=Buddenbaum| first1=Judith M.| journal=Journal of Media and Religion| volume=9| pages=47–51}}</ref> Howard and Roberta are also supporters of ''The Media Project,'' an organization that "educates journalists on the importance of religion" and its digital magazine, ''Religion Unplugged.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Staff & Board |url=https://www.themediaproject.org/board |website=The Media Project |publisher=The Media Project |accessdate=15 September 2020}}</ref> The Ahmansons have also supported the creation of the 29-volume ''Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture'', published by ].<ref name=Levenick>{{cite news|last=Levenick|first=Christopher|title=Ex Libris Philanthropy|url=http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/topic/higher_education/ex_libris_philanthropy|accessdate=June 6, 2012|newspaper=Philanthropy|date=Spring 2012}}</ref>


===Social advocacy and political involvement=== ===Social advocacy and political involvement===
{{Conservatism US|activists}}
Ahmanson was a major advocate for the property owners and tenants exploited in the abuses by California redevelopment agencies, especially concerned about the widespread abuse of ] and public subsidies to private businesses. He financed the publication ''"Redevelopment: The Unknown Government"'' and the formation of '''Municipal Officials for Redevelopment Reform''' (MORR), alongside ], California legislator and former mayor of ], in 1995.<ref name="Redevelopment">{{cite web |last1=Norby |first1=Chris |last2=Curtis |first2=Sherry |last3=Gilson |first3=Ruth |last4=Heinl |first4=Jean |last5=Kaplan |first5=Douglas |last6=Shaffer |first6=Dr. Ralph |last7=Sutton |first7=Christopher |title=Sutton |url=http://sanlorenzoexpress.com/norby1.htm |website=Redevelopment: The Unknown Government |publisher=Municipal Officials for Redevelopment Reform |accessdate=February 24, 2020}}</ref> Norby later served in the California State Assembly when redevelopment agencies were abolished in 2011 and MORR was disbanded, having succeeded in its sole purpose.<ref name="Pacific Legal">{{cite web |last1=Sandefur |first1=Timothy |title=Celebrating a victory for property owners in California |url=https://pacificlegal.org/celebrating-a-victory-for-property-owners-in-california |publisher=Pacific Legal Foundation |accessdate=February 24, 2020}}</ref> Ahmanson was a major advocate for the abolition of California redevelopment agencies, especially concerned about what he viewed as the widespread abuse of ] and public subsidies. He financed the publication ''"Redevelopment: The Unknown Government"'' and the formation of '''Municipal Officials for Redevelopment Reform''' (MORR), alongside ], California legislator and former mayor of ], in 1995.<ref name="Redevelopment">{{cite web |last1=Norby |first1=Chris |last2=Curtis |first2=Sherry |last3=Gilson |first3=Ruth |last4=Heinl |first4=Jean |last5=Kaplan |first5=Douglas |last6=Shaffer |first6=Dr. Ralph |last7=Sutton |first7=Christopher |title=Sutton |url=http://sanlorenzoexpress.com/norby1.htm |website=Redevelopment: The Unknown Government |publisher=Municipal Officials for Redevelopment Reform |access-date=February 24, 2020}}</ref> Norby later served in the California State Assembly when redevelopment agencies were abolished in 2011 and MORR was disbanded, having succeeded in its sole purpose.<ref name="Pacific Legal">{{cite web |last1=Sandefur |first1=Timothy |title=Celebrating a victory for property owners in California |date=March 7, 2012 |url=https://pacificlegal.org/celebrating-a-victory-for-property-owners-in-california |publisher=Pacific Legal Foundation |access-date=February 24, 2020}}</ref>


Ahmanson was a registered Republican until 2008; Ahmanson, worried about the narrowing focus of the California Republican Party on lowering taxes, announced that he switched parties and was a registered Democrat from 2008 to 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Greenhut |first1=Steven |title=Howard Ahmanson Becomes Democrate |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2009/03/23/howard-ahmanson-becomes-a-democrat-seriously/ |website=Orange County Register |publisher=OC Register |accessdate=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Finding fault with both parties, he is now officially registered as a "No Party Preference" (NPP) voter (formerly referred to as a ] by the state of California).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmanson, Jr. |first1=Howard |title=I Became a "Decline to State" |url=https://howardahmansonjr.com/2018/07/i-became-a-decline-to-state/ |website=Howard Ahmanson Jr. |accessdate=15 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Padilla |first1=Alex |title=No Party Preference Information |url=https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/political-parties/no-party-preference#:~:text=Voters%20who%20registered%20to%20vote,Party%20Preference%20(NPP)%20voters.&text=A%20nonpartisan%20ballot%20contains%20only,local%20nonpartisan%20offices%20and%20measures. |website=California Secretary of State |publisher=State of California |accessdate=29 September 2020}}</ref> In the 2020 presidential election Ahmanson voted for and endorsed ] of the ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmanson |first1=Howard |title=The American Conservative 2020 Presidential Symposium |url=https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-american-conservative-2020-presidential-symposium/?fbclid=IwAR2Si0BlIj3jDL4vkbscRZDRXM_yPco8vp9fHLXEcOaI_U5J8sqbLD8KcLE |website=The American Conservative |accessdate=27 October 2020}}</ref> Ahmanson was a registered Republican until 2008; Ahmanson, worried about the narrowing focus of the California Republican Party on lowering taxes, announced that he switched parties and was a registered Democrat from 2008 to 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Greenhut |first1=Steven |title=Howard Ahmanson Becomes Democrate |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2009/03/23/howard-ahmanson-becomes-a-democrat-seriously/ |website=Orange County Register |date=March 23, 2009 |publisher=OC Register |access-date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Finding fault with both parties, he is now officially registered as a "No Party Preference" (NPP) voter (formerly referred to as a ] by the state of California).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmanson, Jr. |first1=Howard |title=I Became a "Decline to State" |url=https://howardahmansonjr.com/2018/07/i-became-a-decline-to-state/ |website=Howard Ahmanson Jr. |date=July 4, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Padilla |first1=Alex |title=No Party Preference Information |url=https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/political-parties/no-party-preference#:~:text=Voters%20who%20registered%20to%20vote,Party%20Preference%20(NPP)%20voters.&text=A%20nonpartisan%20ballot%20contains%20only,local%20nonpartisan%20offices%20and%20measures. |website=California Secretary of State |publisher=State of California |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> In the 2020 presidential election Ahmanson voted for and endorsed ] of the ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmanson |first1=Howard |title=The American Conservative 2020 Presidential Symposium |url=https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-american-conservative-2020-presidential-symposium/ |website=The American Conservative |date=October 27, 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref>


'']'' magazine included the Ahmansons in their 2005 profiles of the 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America, classifying them as "the financiers."<ref>{{cite web |title=25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America |url=https://time.com/time/covers/1101050207/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050209024332/https://time.com/time/covers/1101050207/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 9, 2005 |website=Time |publisher=Wayback Machine |accessdate=March 31, 2020}}</ref>In the 1970s, Howard became a board member of the ] and served until 1996. In 1996, he said he had left the Chalcedon board due to the fact that he "did not embrace" all of the teachings held by its leadership.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060531105603/http://reason.com/9811/col.olson.shtml |date=May 31, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="Flank2007">{{cite book |title=Deception by Design: The Intelligent Design Movement in America |last=Flank |first=Lenny |authorlink= |year=2007 |publisher=Red and Black Publishers |location=St. Petersburg, FL |isbn=978-0-9791813-0-6 |page=52 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=pClbgUWwrI0C&pg=PA52&lpg=PA52&dq=ahmanson+resign+steps+down+chalcedon#v=onepage&q=chalcedon%20ahmanson&f=false |accessdate=January 11, 2011}}</ref> '']'' magazine included the Ahmansons in their 2005 profiles of the 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America, classifying them as "the financiers."<ref>{{cite magazine |title=25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America |url=https://time.com/time/covers/1101050207/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050209024332/https://time.com/time/covers/1101050207/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 9, 2005 |magazine=Time |publisher=Wayback Machine |access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref> In the 1970s, Howard became a board member of the ] and served until 1996. In 1996, he said he had left the Chalcedon board due to the fact that he "did not embrace" all of the teachings held by its leadership.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060531105603/http://reason.com/9811/col.olson.shtml |date=May 31, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="Flank2007">{{cite book |title=Deception by Design: The Intelligent Design Movement in America |last=Flank |first=Lenny |year=2007 |publisher=Red and Black Publishers |location=St. Petersburg, FL |isbn=978-0-9791813-0-6 |page=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pClbgUWwrI0C&pg=PA52 |access-date=January 11, 2011}}</ref>


In 2002, the Ahmansons let the '']'' do a five-part series on them in 2004 to give the public a more accurate view of their work and beliefs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larsen |first1=Peter |title=Rich in Faith Part Two |agency=OC Register |date=9 August 2004}}</ref> In 2004, the '']'' wrote a five-part profile of the Ahmansons.<ref name="Rich in Faith Part Two"/>


⚫ Holding a strong interest and passion in the activity of ], Ahmanson Jr. has assumed a role of activism alongside '''FreeSUP SoCal''' in opposition to a particular determination made by the ] (USCG) that has been used to require operators of standup paddleboards to wear a ] (PFD). FreeSUP SoCal maintains that a leash is the more common and frequently most effective safety equipment, as evidenced by its widespread usage and the sport's significantly diminished mortality rate compared to other water sports. In 2014, the organization that would come to be known as FreeSup SoCal and which receives funding by Ahmanson, offered a formal, public comment to the USCG that explained how the PFD determination which was intended to promote safety for standup paddleboarders sorely lacked data justifying the determination, and that making determinations without the necessary data could have the opposite effect of putting paddleboarders in peril.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hoedt |first1=Jeffrey |title=Legal Determination on Vessel Status of Paddleboard |url=https://www.uscgboating.org/assets/1/workflow_staging/Publications/480.pdf |publisher=United States Coast Guard |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Douglas |first1=S. |title=PFD Laws – SUP or Paddleboards Now Classified as Vessels |url=https://worldpaddleassociation.com/pfd-laws-sup-or-paddleboards-now-classified-as-vessels/ |website=World Padde Association |publisher=WPA |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Azadian |first1=James |title=Comment in Response to Docket No. USCG-2010-0164, Department of Homeland Security |url=https://homeport.uscg.mil/Lists/Content/Attachments/540/Ahmanson%20SUP%20Comment.pdf |website=Enterprise Counsel Group |publisher=ECG |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Who We Are - FreeSUP |url=https://freesup.org/who-we-are/ |website=FreeSUP |access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref>
Howard has contributed in numerous ways to different groups that exist to serve communities, better local schools and solving problems within the housing crisis.<ref name="CPI">{{cite web |last1=Fetta |first1=Lisa |title=The 'Other' Howard |url=https://publicintegrity.org/politics/state-politics/the-other-howard/ |website=The Center for Public Integrity |publisher=The Center for Public Integrity}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Howard Ahmanson-Board Member |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson/ |publisher=Discovery Institute |accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref> The following is a list, not exhaustive, of entities that Ahmanson has made significant contributions to in the past:
*'''Protect Our Homes Coalition'''<ref name="CPI">{{cite web |last1=Fetta |first1=Lisa |title=The 'Other' Howard |url=https://publicintegrity.org/politics/state-politics/the-other-howard/ |website=The Center for Public Integrity |publisher=The Center for Public Integrity}}</ref>
*''']''' (], ], ] and ])
*'''Harambee Christian Preparatory School''' (])
*'''Victims of war in ]'''
*'''] for schools in ]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Howard Ahmanson-Board Member |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson |publisher=Discovery Institute |accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref>
*'''Western Center for Law and Religious Freedom'''<ref name="Salon2004"/>


⚫ ==Arts and humanities==
⚫ Holding a strong interest and passion in the activity of ], Howard has assumed a role of activism in opposition to a particular determination made by the ] (USCG) that enforces operators of standup paddleboards to wear a ] (PFD). In 2014, Howard, by way of attorney, offered a formal, public comment to the USCG that explained how the effort made to promote safety for standup paddleboarders had the potential to, in fact, make the water activity more dangerous as a result of such regulation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hoedt |first1=Jeffrey |title=Legal Determination on Vessel Status of Paddleboard |url=https://www.uscgboating.org/assets/1/workflow_staging/Publications/480.pdf |publisher=United States Coast Guard |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Douglas |first1=S. |title=PFD Laws – SUP or Paddleboards Now Classified as Vessels |url=https://worldpaddleassociation.com/pfd-laws-sup-or-paddleboards-now-classified-as-vessels/ |website=World Padde Association |publisher=WPA |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Azadian |first1=James |title=Comment in Response to Docket No. USCG-2010-0164, Department of Homeland Security |url=https://homeport.uscg.mil/Lists/Content/Attachments/540/Ahmanson%20SUP%20Comment.pdf |website=Enterprise Counsel Group |publisher=ECG |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref>
⚫ ] "View of Vétheuil", Owned by Ahmanson before he donated to ]]]


⚫ ==Arts and humanities==
⚫ ] "View of Vétheuil", Owned by Ahmanson before he donated to ]]]
===Organizations=== ===Organizations===
Howard has made numerous contributions and offered support for art initiatives across ] and ]. The following is a collection of organizations and projects in the arts & humanities that have benefited from the support of Howard Ahmanson, Jr. Howard has made numerous contributions and offered support for art initiatives across ] and ]. The following is a collection of organizations and projects in the arts & humanities that have benefited from the support of Howard Ahmanson, Jr.
*'''Bridge Projects'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Bridge Projects |url=https://www.bridgeprojects.com/about |publisher=bridgeprojects.com |accessdate=January 29, 2020}}</ref> *'''Bridge Projects'''<ref name="Bridge Projects">{{cite web |title=Bridge Projects |url=https://www.bridgeprojects.com/about |access-date=January 29, 2020 |publisher=bridgeprojects.com}}</ref>
*'''Stanley Spenser: An English Vision''' installment at the ], Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Richard |first1=Paul |title=STANLEY SPENCER'S GLOBAL VILLAGE |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1997/10/11/stanley-spencers-global-village/28755252-f4df-4450-84f6-8a6a44ba4e88/ |website=The Washington Post |accessdate=February 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=STANLEY SPENCER: AN ENGLISH VISION |url=https://hirshhorn.si.edu/exhibitions/stanley-spencer-an-english-vision/ |website=Smithsonian |publisher=Smithsonian |accessdate=February 7, 2020}}</ref> *'''Stanley Spenser: An English Vision''' installment at the ], Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Richard |first1=Paul |title=STANLEY SPENCER'S GLOBAL VILLAGE |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1997/10/11/stanley-spencers-global-village/28755252-f4df-4450-84f6-8a6a44ba4e88/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=STANLEY SPENCER: AN ENGLISH VISION |url=https://hirshhorn.si.edu/exhibitions/stanley-spencer-an-english-vision/ |website=Smithsonian |access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref>
*'''The Sacred Made Real'''<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sacred Made Real |url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/past/the-sacred-made-real |website=The National Gallery of London |accessdate=February 7, 2020}}</ref> *'''The Sacred Made Real'''<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sacred Made Real |url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/past/the-sacred-made-real |website=The National Gallery of London |access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref>
*'''Visual Commentary on Scripture (VCS)'''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Samuel |title=New 'Visual Commentary on Scripture' website offers new way to study the Bible |url=https://www.christianexaminer.com/article/new-visual-commentary-on-scripture-website-offers-new-way-to-study-the-bible/52540.htm |website=The Christian Examiner |publisher=Christian Examiner |accessdate=February 16, 2020}}</ref> *'''Visual Commentary on Scripture (VCS)'''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Samuel |title=New 'Visual Commentary on Scripture' website offers new way to study the Bible |url=https://www.christianexaminer.com/article/new-visual-commentary-on-scripture-website-offers-new-way-to-study-the-bible/52540.htm |website=The Christian Examiner |publisher=Christian Examiner |access-date=February 16, 2020}}</ref>
*''']: The Final Years''' at the ], London<ref>{{cite web |title=Caravaggio: The Final Years at The National Gallery |url=https://artdaily.cc/news/11518/Caravaggio--The-Final-Years-at-The-National-Gallery |website=Art Daily |accessdate=February 7, 2020}}</ref> *''']: The Final Years''' at the ], London<ref>{{cite web |title=Caravaggio: The Final Years at The National Gallery |url=https://artdaily.cc/news/11518/Caravaggio--The-Final-Years-at-The-National-Gallery |website=Art Daily |access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref>
*''']'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Howard Ahmanson-Board Member |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson/ |publisher=Discovery Institute |accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref> *''']'''<ref name="Howard Ahmanson-Board Member">{{cite web |title=Howard Ahmanson-Board Member |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson/ |access-date=February 14, 2020 |publisher=Discovery Institute}}</ref>
*'''Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture''', published by ]<ref name=Levenick>{{cite news|last=Levenick|first=Christopher|title=Ex Libris Philanthropy|url=http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/topic/higher_education/ex_libris_philanthropy|accessdate=June 6, 2012|newspaper=Philanthropy|date=Spring 2012}}</ref> *'''Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture''', published by ]<ref name=Levenick/>
*'''] in San Francisco'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Howard Ahmanson-Board Member |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson |publisher=Discovery Institute |accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref> *'''] in San Francisco'''<ref name="discovery.org">{{cite web |title=Howard Ahmanson-Board Member |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson |access-date=February 14, 2020 |publisher=Discovery Institute}}</ref>
*'''The Museum of Contemporary Art in Mexico City'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Howard Ahmanson-Board Member |url=https://www.discovery.org/p/ahmanson/ |publisher=Discovery Institute |accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref> *'''The Museum of Contemporary Art in Mexico City'''<ref name="Howard Ahmanson-Board Member"/>

Howard's generosity has benefitted the arts community, namely the ], with his donation of ''View of Vétheuil'', a work by the french ], ''Scene of Judgement'', by the italian ], and works by ].<ref>{{cite web |title=View of Vétheuil |url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/246846 |website=LACMA |accessdate=August 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scene of Judgement, from a cassone panel, Shooting at Father's Corpse |url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/246805 |website=LACMA |accessdate=August 15, 2020}}</ref>


===Bridge Projects=== ===Bridge Projects===
Bridge Projects is a Los Angeles based art gallery that consists of a community of artists, scholars, and collectors who are inspired by art history, spirituality, living religious traditions, and contemporary art practices. Roberta, wife of Ahmanson and current chair of Bridge Projects, founded the gallery and community with LA based artist, Linnea Spransy, back in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bridge Projects |url=https://www.bridgeprojects.com/about |publisher=bridgeprojects.com |accessdate=January 29, 2020}}</ref> While Howard played a supportive role in bringing this project to fruition, Roberta spearheaded the vision for Bridge Projects. Bridge Projects is home to a progressive art installation, "10 Columns" by prominent Southern California artist, ].<ref>{{cite web |title=In this art gallery, conversations about religion and spirituality are welcome |last1=Molina |first1=Alejandra |url=https://www.theoaklandpress.com/lifestyles/in-this-art-gallery-conversations-about-religion-and-spirituality-are/article_08fc9800-2b2d-11ea-a068-67b6e3ba2e8b.html |website=The Oakland Press |accessdate=January 29, 2020}}</ref> Bridge Projects is an LA-based art gallery that consists of a community of artists, scholars, and collectors who are inspired by art history, spirituality, living religious traditions, and contemporary art practices. Roberta, wife of Ahmanson and current chair of Bridge Projects, founded the gallery and community with LA-based artist, Linnea Spransy, back in 2017.<ref name="Bridge Projects"/> While Howard played a supportive role in bringing this project to fruition, Roberta spearheaded the vision for Bridge Projects, which has featured a number of progressive art installations, such as:
*''"10 Columns,"'' an immersive light installation created by prominent Southern California artist, ](active:10/12/19-2/16/20).<ref>{{cite web |title=In this art gallery, conversations about religion and spirituality are welcome |last1=Molina |first1=Alejandra |url=https://www.theoaklandpress.com/lifestyles/in-this-art-gallery-conversations-about-religion-and-spirituality-are/article_08fc9800-2b2d-11ea-a068-67b6e3ba2e8b.html |website=The Oakland Press |access-date=January 29, 2020}}</ref>
* ''“A Composite Leviathan,”'' a two-part exhibition created by a collection of emerging Chinese artists (active: 9/12/20-2/27/21).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elaine |first1=James |title=A Composite Leviathan |url=https://www.bridgeprojects.com/exhibitions/a-composite-leviathan |website=Bridge Projects }}</ref>
*''“To Bough and To Bend,”'' an exhibition of many artists using trees as imagery for discussions around ecological issues (active: 03/11/20-07.25/20).<ref>{{cite web |title=To Bough and To Bend |url=https://www.bridgeprojects.com/exhibitions/to-bough-and-to-bend |website=Bridge Projects |access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>


==Personal life== ==Personal life==
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American Christian activist (born 1950)
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Howard F. Ahmanson Jr.
Ahmanson Jr. in 2016
Born (1950-02-03) February 3, 1950 (age 74)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Alma materOccidental College (BA)
University of Texas at Arlington (MA)
Occupation(s)Heir, financier
Spouse Roberta Green Ahmanson ​ ​(m. 1986)​
ChildrenDavid Ahmanson
Parent(s)Howard F. Ahmanson Sr.
Dorothy Johnston Grannis
RelativesCaroline Leonetti Ahmanson (stepmother)
Robert H. Ahmanson (cousin)
William H. Ahmanson (cousin)

Howard Fieldstad Ahmanson Jr. (born February 3, 1950) is an American Christian activist. He is the son of Howard F. Ahmanson Sr., the founder of Home Savings Bank.

Biography

Ahmanson was born on February 3, 1950. He is the son of Dorothy Johnston Grannis and the American financier Howard F. Ahmanson Sr. (1906–1968). He has Tourette syndrome. His father was a prominent businessman in the savings and loan industry; Howard Sr. founded H.F. Ahmanson & Co., which thrived in the Great Depression and ultimately expanded throughout California and into New York state, Arizona and Florida. His father was well known for his support of the arts, an area in which Ahmanson Jr. has continued to be active.

His parents divorced when he was ten years old. Despite the trappings of wealth, Howard Jr. was a lonely child. He has said, "I resented my family background, could never be a role model, whether by habits or his lifestyle, it was never anything I wanted." His father died when he was eighteen, and Ahmanson Jr. inherited his father's fortune.

He attended Occidental College, where he obtained a degree in economics. He then toured Europe, but returned because of complications with arthritis. He earned a master's degree in linguistics at the University of Texas at Arlington.

In 1986, Howard married journalist Roberta Green.

Monetary contributions

Organizations and projects

Fieldstead and Company, Howard and Roberta Ahmanson's personal office, has a steady history of contributing parts of his father's inherited fortune to a plethora of organizations and initiatives. It is stated that the mission of Fieldstead and Company is to "make the world more like ... a place where there is no darkness, no sickness, no hunger or thirst, no slavery, no prisoners, no tears, no death". The following is a list of organizations to which the Ahmansons have contributed significant amounts in the past:

→Association of orthodox Episcopal churches, led by Rev. Canon David Anderson.
→Roberta Ahmanson graduated from Calvin College in 1972.
→By way of Fieldstead & Company, Ahmanson Jr. sponsors series of conferences and events predominantly focused on matters such as housing policy and urbanism, all held at Chapman University’s Wilkinson College for Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences.
→Think tank seeking "to restore the principles of the American Founding to their rightful, preeminent authority in our national life."
→Howard Ahmanson Jr. served on the board of directors for the Center for Science and Culture, a proponent for the intelligent design movement.
→Founders of a team that published 28 volumes of the "Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture."
→Think tank that view domestic and foreign policy issues from a Judeo-Christian point of view.
→Evangelical-based relief organization with annual budget of about $76 million and programs in 37 countries in the developing world.
→The contribution funds a museum in the town of Perry, Iowa, in which Roberta Ahmanson grew up.
→Private school in Costa Mesa with about 650 students in preschool to eighth grade.
  • National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families (formerly National Coalition Against Pornography); Cincinnati, Ohio.
  • Orange County Classical Academy; Orange, California
→A K-12 Classical Education public charter school.
→The Orange County Rescue Mission provides housing, support, and treatment, for people struggling with poverty and drug addiction.
→Similar to his programs at Chapman University, Ahmanson Jr. sponsors events and conferences on the topics of urbanism and affordable housing at Pepperdine's School of Public Policy.
→Formerly "St. James Episcopal Church", the Ahmansons have attended the "evangelical church with charismatic roots."
→Evangelical Christian missionary group working in Central and Eastern Europe.
→Ahmanson Jr. has made several contributions to Strong Towns, a think tank and community that encourages Americans and Canadians, alike, to rethink the way municipal infrastructure is developed and sustained in their respective communities.
→Fieldstead & Company has supported Voice of OC, a startup nonprofit newsroom founded by Norberto Santana, Jr. to cover events in Orange County.

Howard has previously served as a board member for both the John & Vera Mae Perkins Foundation and the Claremont Institute. Ahmanson is a major supporter of the Discovery Institute, whose Center for Science and Culture supports ideas centered around intelligent design. Through Fieldstead, Ahmanson's wife Roberta, a former religion reporter and editor for the Orange County Register, has funded and been directly involved with some programs of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, including the Washington Journalism Center that encompasses both the Summer Institute of Journalism, and the Fieldstead Journalism Lectures. Fieldstead has funded other Christian journalistic projects such as Gegrapha and GetReligion. A common thread in all of these organizations is Terry Mattingly, a personal friend of Roberta Ahmanson, who directs the Washington Journalism Center at the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, teaches journalism, and writes a weekly column for the Scripps-Howard News Service. Roberta Ahmanson recently co-edited a book called Blind Spot. Howard and Roberta are also supporters of The Media Project, an organization that "educates journalists on the importance of religion" and its digital magazine, Religion Unplugged. The Ahmansons have also supported the creation of the 29-volume Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, published by InterVarsity Press.

Social advocacy and political involvement

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Ahmanson was a major advocate for the abolition of California redevelopment agencies, especially concerned about what he viewed as the widespread abuse of eminent domain and public subsidies. He financed the publication "Redevelopment: The Unknown Government" and the formation of Municipal Officials for Redevelopment Reform (MORR), alongside Chris Norby, California legislator and former mayor of Fullerton, California, in 1995. Norby later served in the California State Assembly when redevelopment agencies were abolished in 2011 and MORR was disbanded, having succeeded in its sole purpose.

Ahmanson was a registered Republican until 2008; Ahmanson, worried about the narrowing focus of the California Republican Party on lowering taxes, announced that he switched parties and was a registered Democrat from 2008 to 2018. Finding fault with both parties, he is now officially registered as a "No Party Preference" (NPP) voter (formerly referred to as a decline-to-state voter by the state of California). In the 2020 presidential election Ahmanson voted for and endorsed Brian Carroll of the American Solidarity Party.

Time magazine included the Ahmansons in their 2005 profiles of the 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America, classifying them as "the financiers." In the 1970s, Howard became a board member of the Chalcedon Foundation and served until 1996. In 1996, he said he had left the Chalcedon board due to the fact that he "did not embrace" all of the teachings held by its leadership.

In 2004, the Orange County Register wrote a five-part profile of the Ahmansons.

Holding a strong interest and passion in the activity of standup paddleboarding, Ahmanson Jr. has assumed a role of activism alongside FreeSUP SoCal in opposition to a particular determination made by the United States Coast Guard (USCG) that has been used to require operators of standup paddleboards to wear a personal flotation device (PFD). FreeSUP SoCal maintains that a leash is the more common and frequently most effective safety equipment, as evidenced by its widespread usage and the sport's significantly diminished mortality rate compared to other water sports. In 2014, the organization that would come to be known as FreeSup SoCal and which receives funding by Ahmanson, offered a formal, public comment to the USCG that explained how the PFD determination which was intended to promote safety for standup paddleboarders sorely lacked data justifying the determination, and that making determinations without the necessary data could have the opposite effect of putting paddleboarders in peril.

Arts and humanities

Claude Monet "View of Vétheuil", Owned by Ahmanson before he donated to LACMA

Organizations

Howard has made numerous contributions and offered support for art initiatives across Los Angeles and Orange County. The following is a collection of organizations and projects in the arts & humanities that have benefited from the support of Howard Ahmanson, Jr.

Bridge Projects

Bridge Projects is an LA-based art gallery that consists of a community of artists, scholars, and collectors who are inspired by art history, spirituality, living religious traditions, and contemporary art practices. Roberta, wife of Ahmanson and current chair of Bridge Projects, founded the gallery and community with LA-based artist, Linnea Spransy, back in 2017. While Howard played a supportive role in bringing this project to fruition, Roberta spearheaded the vision for Bridge Projects, which has featured a number of progressive art installations, such as:

  • "10 Columns," an immersive light installation created by prominent Southern California artist, Phillip K. Smith III(active:10/12/19-2/16/20).
  • “A Composite Leviathan,” a two-part exhibition created by a collection of emerging Chinese artists (active: 9/12/20-2/27/21).
  • “To Bough and To Bend,” an exhibition of many artists using trees as imagery for discussions around ecological issues (active: 03/11/20-07.25/20).

Personal life

Ahmanson lives with Tourette syndrome. His primary residence is in Newport Beach, CA.

References

  1. ^ Larsen, Peter. "Burden of Wealth" Orange County Register. August 8, 2004. See also, Eric John Abrahamson, Building Home: Howard F. Ahmanson and the Politics of the American Dream (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013)
  2. ^ Blumenthal, Max (January 6, 2004). "Avenging angel of the religious right". Salon. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  3. "Howard Ahmanson and Roberta Ahmanson Bio". Fieldstead & Company. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
  4. "Howard F. Ahmanson, 61, Dies; One of Nation's Wealthiest Men: Led Home Savings & Loan in Los Angeles – Fortune Estimated at $300-Million". The New York Times. June 18, 1968. p. 47. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  5. Johnson, Greg (January 23, 1991). "Home Savings to Buy Coast's S.D. Branches". Los Angeles Times.
  6. "Home Savings in Acquisition Washington, Aug. 12". The New York Times. August 13, 1984.
  7. "H. F. Ahmanson agreed to buy an S&L in Arizona". Los Angeles Times. April 29, 1987.
  8. "Banking". Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel. February 12, 1997. Archived from the original on April 9, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  9. Friedlander, Whitney (March 15, 2013). "WHO WAS HOWARD AHMANSON SR. AND HOW DID HE CHANGE L.A.? A NEW BOOK TRIES TO ANSWER". LA Weekly. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  10. Haas, Jane Glenn. "The Salvation of H.F. Ahmanson Jr." Orange County Register. 1985.
  11. ^ Doward, Jamie. Anti-gay millionaire bankrolls Caravaggio spectacular. The Observer. March 6, 2005.
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  13. "Giving". Fieldstead and Company. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  14. ^ Larsen, Peter (August 9, 2004). "Rich in Faith Part Two". OC Register.
  15. "The City of Bell Scandal Revisited". Chapman University Wilkinson College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. Chapman University. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  16. "REIMAGINING LOCAL GOVERNMENT: STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY IN OUR COMMUNITIES". Chapman University Digital Commons. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  17. "4th Annual Local Government Conference: Will California Ever Figure Out How to House Itself?". Chapman University Wilkinson College. Chapman University. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  18. "The Future of Transportation: 5th Annual Public Policy Conference". Chapman University Wilkinson College. Chapman University. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  19. "Mission". Claremont Institution. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  20. "Board of Directors". Discovery Institute. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
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  22. ^ Larsen, Peter. "Giving generously to their causes". Orange County Register. Archived from the original on May 12, 2009.
  23. National Sexual Violence Resource Center
  24. "Homepage". Orange County Classical Academy. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  25. Scheller, Christine A. (January 19, 2011). "Connoisseur for Christ: Roberta Green Ahmanson". Christianity Today. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  26. Coghlan, Ed (March 28, 2019). "Clash between housing affordability, preserving neighborhoods in spotlight at Pepperdine". California Economic Summit. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  27. "A Home in California: Are Our Communities Sustainable?". Pepperdine School of Public Policy. Pepperdine University. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  28. "CityGate Homepage". CityGate. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  29. "Speakers for the Regional Gathering". Strong Towns. November 20, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  30. Santana Jr., Noberto (June 3, 2019). "Santana: Voice of OC is Ten Years Old Today". Voice of OC. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  31. "Discovery Institute-Board Members". Discovery Institute. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  32. Wilgoren, Jodi (August 21, 2005). "Politicized Scholars Put Evolution on the Defensive". The New York Times. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  33. "Howard & Roberta Ahmanson". Fieldstead & Company.
  34. Washington Journalism Center Archived June 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  35. Gegrapha
  36. Marshall, Paul A.; Gilbert, Lela; & Green-Ahmanson, Roberta (eds.). (2009). Blind spot: When journalists don’t get religion. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195374371
  37. Buddenbaum, Judith M. (2010). "Blind Spot: When Journalists Don't get Religion". Journal of Media and Religion. 9: 47–51. doi:10.1080/15348420903536844. S2CID 143471762.
  38. "Staff & Board". The Media Project. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  39. ^ Levenick, Christopher (Spring 2012). "Ex Libris Philanthropy". Philanthropy. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
  40. Norby, Chris; Curtis, Sherry; Gilson, Ruth; Heinl, Jean; Kaplan, Douglas; Shaffer, Dr. Ralph; Sutton, Christopher. "Sutton". Redevelopment: The Unknown Government. Municipal Officials for Redevelopment Reform. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
  41. Sandefur, Timothy (March 7, 2012). "Celebrating a victory for property owners in California". Pacific Legal Foundation. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
  42. Greenhut, Steven (March 23, 2009). "Howard Ahmanson Becomes Democrate". Orange County Register. OC Register. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  43. Ahmanson, Jr., Howard (July 4, 2018). "I Became a "Decline to State"". Howard Ahmanson Jr. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  44. Padilla, Alex. "No Party Preference Information". California Secretary of State. State of California. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  45. Ahmanson, Howard (October 27, 2020). "The American Conservative 2020 Presidential Symposium". The American Conservative. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  46. "25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America". Time. Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on February 9, 2005. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  47. Reason, Nov. 1998 Archived May 31, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  48. Flank, Lenny (2007). Deception by Design: The Intelligent Design Movement in America. St. Petersburg, FL: Red and Black Publishers. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-9791813-0-6. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  49. Hoedt, Jeffrey. "Legal Determination on Vessel Status of Paddleboard" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
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  54. Richard, Paul. "STANLEY SPENCER'S GLOBAL VILLAGE". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  55. "STANLEY SPENCER: AN ENGLISH VISION". Smithsonian. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  56. "The Sacred Made Real". The National Gallery of London. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  57. Smith, Samuel. "New 'Visual Commentary on Scripture' website offers new way to study the Bible". The Christian Examiner. Christian Examiner. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  58. "Caravaggio: The Final Years at The National Gallery". Art Daily. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  59. ^ "Howard Ahmanson-Board Member". Discovery Institute. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  60. "Howard Ahmanson-Board Member". Discovery Institute. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  61. Molina, Alejandra. "In this art gallery, conversations about religion and spirituality are welcome". The Oakland Press. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  62. Elaine, James. "A Composite Leviathan". Bridge Projects.
  63. "To Bough and To Bend". Bridge Projects. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  64. Doward, J. Anti-gay millionaire bankrolls Caravaggio spectacular. The Observer. March 6, 2005.
  65. "Mega-mansion debuts in Newport Beach". Orange County Register. January 13, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2018.

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