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{{short description|Town in Slovakia}} {{short description|Town in Slovakia}}{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kremnica | name = Kremnica
| native_name = | other_name = Körmöcbánya
| settlement_type = ]
⚫ | other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
<!-- images, nickname, motto --> <!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline = Kremnica_v_zime.jpg | image_skyline = File:Kremnica v zime.jpg
| image_caption = Winter in Kremnica | image_caption = Winter in Kremnica
| image_flag = | image_flag = Kremnica-ziar nad hronom-flag.svg
| image_shield = Coa Slovakia Town Körmöcbánya.svg | image_shield =
⚫ | motto =
| nickname =
| etymology =
<!-- location --> <!-- location -->
| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type = ]
| subdivision_name = {{SVK}} | subdivision_name = {{SVK}}
| subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Banská Bystrica Region}}
| subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ] | subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = ]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
<!-- maps and coordinates --> <!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Slovakia Banská Bystrica Region#Slovakia | pushpin_map = Slovakia Banská Bystrica Region#Slovakia
| pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kremnica in the ] | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kremnica in the ]##Location of Kremnica in ]
| coordinates = {{coord|48|41|59|N|18|54|57|E|display=inline,title}} | coordinates = {{coord|48.70|N|18.92|E|region:SK|display=inline,title}}
⚫ <!-- government -->
| coordinates_footnotes =
⚫ <!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title = Mayor | leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Alexander Ferenčík | leader_name = Martin Novodomec
| leader_party = ]
<!-- established --> <!-- established -->
| established_title = First mentioned | established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1328 | established_date = 1328
<!-- area --> <!-- area -->
⚫ | area_footnotes = <ref name="area">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7014rr/v_om7014rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Hustota obyvateľstva - obce |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| area_footnotes =
⚫ | area_total_km2 = 43.13
⚫ | area_total_km2 = 43.13<ref name="area">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7014rr/v_om7014rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Hustota obyvateľstva - obce |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 16.65<ref name="area"/>
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
<!-- elevation --> <!-- elevation -->
⚫ | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="base_info">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_SK_WIN/om5001rr/v_om5001rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Základná charakteristika |language=sk |date=2015-04-17 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes =
⚫ | elevation_m = 564
⚫ | elevation_m = 564<ref name="base_info">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_SK_WIN/om5001rr/v_om5001rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Základná charakteristika |language=sk |date=2015-04-17 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
<!-- population -->
| elevation_ft = 1,850<ref name="base_info"/>
| population_as_of = {{abbr|2021|Population: 2021-12-31. Population density & Total area: 2021-06-30/-07-01. Elevation, Postal code & Area code (last updated): 2015-04-17.}} | population_as_of = {{abbr|2021|Population: 2021-12-31. Population density & Total area: 2021-06-30/-07-01. Elevation, Postal code & Area code (last updated): 2015-04-17.}}
⚫ | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7101rr/v_om7101rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne) |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 4783
⚫ | population_total = 4870<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7101rr/v_om7101rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne) |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 113.65<ref name="pd">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7014rr/v_om7014rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Hustota obyvateľstva - obce |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| population_density_sq_mi= 43.88<ref name="pd"/>
| population_demonym =
<!-- time zone(s) --> <!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1 = ] | timezone1 = ]
Line 61: Line 44:
<!-- postal codes, area code --> <!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 967 01<ref name="base_info"/> | postal_code = 967 01<ref name="base_info"/>
| area_code_type = | area_code = +421 45<ref name="base_info"/>
| area_code = +421 45<ref name="base_info"/>
| geocode =
| iso_code =
| blank_name = ] | blank_name = ]
| blank_info = ZH | blank_info = ZH
<!-- website, footnotes --> <!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = | website = {{URL|https://www.kremnica.sk/}}
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
| footnotes =
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->| demographics_type1 = ] | demographics_type1 = ]
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref></ref> | demographics1_footnotes = <ref></ref>
| demographics1_title1 = ] | demographics1_title1 = ]
Line 85: Line 65:
| demographics1_title6 = Unreported | demographics1_title6 = Unreported
| demographics1_info6 = 9.7% | demographics1_info6 = 9.7%
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->| demographics_type2 = ] <!-- demographics (section 2) -->
| demographics_type2 = ]
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref></ref> | demographics2_footnotes = <ref></ref>
| demographics2_title1 = ] | demographics2_title1 = ]
Line 101: Line 82:
| demographics2_title7 = Unreported | demographics2_title7 = Unreported
| demographics2_info7 = 16.1% | demographics2_info7 = 16.1%
|area_note= ({{Tooltip|2022|2022-06-31/2022-07-01}})
}} }}


'''Kremnica''' ({{Audio|Sk-Kremnica.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-de|Kremnitz}}, {{lang-hu|Körmöcbánya}}) is a town in central ]. It has around 5,300 inhabitants. The well-preserved medieval town built above important ] mines is the site of the oldest still-working ] in the world. '''Kremnica''' ({{Audio|Sk-Kremnica.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{langx|de|Kremnitz}}, {{langx|hu|Körmöcbánya}}) is a town in central ]. It has around 5,300 inhabitants. The well-preserved medieval town built above important ] mines is the site of the oldest still-working ] in the world.


==Name== ==Name==
The name is derived from ] ''kremeň'', ''kremenina'' (]) with a feminine suffix ''-ica'', functioning to create local names.<ref name="stefanik-lukacka">Martin Štefánik - Ján Lukačka et al. 2010, Lexikón stredovekých miest na Slovensku, Historický ústav SAV, Bratislava, 2010, pp. 503, 360, {{ISBN|978-80-89396-11-5}}. http://forumhistoriae.sk/-/lexikon-stredovekych-miest-na-slovensku {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326010518/http://forumhistoriae.sk/-/lexikon-stredovekych-miest-na-slovensku |date=2017-03-26 }}</ref> The name is derived from ] ''kremeň'', ''kremenina'' (]) with a feminine suffix ''-ica'', functioning to create local names.<ref name="stefanik-lukacka">Martin Štefánik - Ján Lukačka et al. 2010, Lexikón stredovekých miest na Slovensku, Historický ústav SAV, Bratislava, 2010, pp. 503, 360, {{ISBN|978-80-89396-11-5}}. http://forumhistoriae.sk/-/lexikon-stredovekych-miest-na-slovensku {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326010518/http://forumhistoriae.sk/-/lexikon-stredovekych-miest-na-slovensku |date=2017-03-26 }}</ref>


==History== == History ==

Kremnica was among the major ] towns of the world during the ] and in the ] due to the abundant gold ore deposits in the ]. However, the first evidence of sub-surface mining activities comes from the 9th century. Kremnica was among the major ] towns of the world during the ] and in the ] due to the abundant gold ore deposits in the ]. However, the first evidence of sub-surface mining activities comes from the 9th century.


In the 13th century the inhabitants of this area were affected by the ]. Following that difficult period, ] kings invited new colonists from ] to settle in the region to help replenish the decimated population. Their innovative technology and knowledge restored the mining activities in the town. The first written reference to the town dates back to 1328, when it was granted royal ] by King ]. In the 13th century the inhabitants of this area were affected by the ]. Following that difficult period, ] kings invited new colonists from present-day ] (more specifically ]/]) to settle in the region to help replenish the decimated population. Their innovative technology and knowledge restored the mining activities in the town. The first written reference to the town dates back to 1328, when it was granted royal ] by King ].


The town's mint was already in existence at the time of the granting of royal privileges. Starting in 1335 the mint produced golden ] and later the famous "Kremnica ]s", which were used as an international means of payment as a result of their consistently high purity of gold. It was the most important mint, and later the only one, in the ], in ] and nowadays in Slovakia; the prosperity brought to the town led to it being given the nickname "Golden Kremnica". The town's mint was already in existence at the time of the granting of royal privileges. Starting in 1335 the mint produced golden ] and later the famous "Kremnica ]s", which were used as an international means of payment as a result of their consistently high purity of gold. It was the most important mint, and later the only one, in the ], in ] and nowadays in Slovakia; the prosperity brought to the town led to it being given the nickname "Golden Kremnica".


In 1331, Kremnica became the seat of the Chamber Count (''Kammergraf'') who was the head of the most important mining and minting chamber of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Count administered all the mines and mints in twelve ] of the kingdom in the Middle Ages. In 1331, Kremnica became the seat of the Chamber Count ({{langx|de|Kammergraf}}) who was the head of the most important mining and minting chamber of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Count administered all the mines and mints in twelve ] of the kingdom in the Middle Ages.


At the end of the 14th century, Kremnica became the capital of the mining towns in central ]. The steady annual production of gold and silver guaranteed the prosperous development of the town. In the 15th century Kreminca was the second most important city in the ]. The town was continuously being granted new privileges and the deputies of the town occupied the second place in the Hungarian Diet (the first place was reserved for the representatives of ], the capital of the Kingdom). At the end of the 14th century, Kremnica became the capital of the mining towns in central ]. The steady annual production of gold and silver guaranteed the prosperous development of the town. In the 15th century Kreminca was the second most important city in the ]. The town was continuously being granted new privileges and the deputies of the town occupied the second place in the Hungarian Diet (the first place was reserved for the representatives of ], the capital of the Kingdom).


Gold mining and coin production in Kremnica culminated in the 14th and 15th centuries. As one of the most important centers of ] in the country, the town belonged to the Protestant "League of Seven Mining Towns" together with ], ], ], ], ], and ]. In the 16th century, the town was a major centre of production of (mostly religious) medals, especially by ]. At the same time however, the miners had to dig deeper and deeper to reach new deposits and the mining conditions deteriorated because of underground water in the shafts. The cost of mining increased and the mining was becoming less profitable. The last gold was extracted in Kremnica in 1970, at which time all the mines were closed. The German population of the town and its surroundings was expelled in 1945 as the consequential punishment by the former Czechoslovak government after World War II. Gold mining and coin production in Kremnica culminated in the 14th and 15th centuries. As one of the most important centers of ] in the country, the town belonged to the Protestant "League of Seven Mining Towns" together with ], ], ], ], ], and ]. In the 16th century, the town was a major centre of production of (mostly religious) medals, especially by ]. At the same time however, the miners had to dig deeper and deeper to reach new deposits and the mining conditions deteriorated because of underground water in the shafts. The cost of mining increased and the mining was becoming less profitable. The last gold was extracted in Kremnica in 1970, at which time all the mines were closed. The German population of the town and its surroundings was expelled in 1945 as the consequential punishment by the former Czechoslovak government after ].


==Geography== ==Geography==
Line 133: Line 116:


==Demographics== ==Demographics==
Kremnica has a population of 5,528 (as of December 31, 2013). According to the 2001 ], 95.8% of inhabitants were ] and 1.2% ]. However, even among those identifying themselves as Slovaks many are descendants of the ], who played a very important role in the medieval history of the town. The religious makeup was 64.9% ], 22.6% people with no religious affiliation, and 5.8% ].<ref name="statistics"/> {{historical population|1970|6121|1980|6042|1991|6299|2001|5822|2011|5601|2021|4934|align=right|cols=1|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical lexikon of municipalities 1970-2011|url=https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/wcm/connect/cd33d897-7314-41d0-a12b-a95e537d7a39/Statisticky_lexikon_obci_Slovenskej_republiky_2011.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy|language=sk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2021 - Population - Basic results|url=https://www.scitanie.sk/obyvatelia/zakladne-vysledky/pocet-obyvatelov/|publisher=Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|date=2021-01-01}}</ref>}}Kremnica has a population of 5,528 (as of December 31, 2013). According to the 2001 ], 95.8% of inhabitants were ] and 1.2% ]. However, even among those identifying themselves as Slovaks many are descendants of the ], who played a very important role in the medieval history of the town. The religious makeup was 64.9% ], 22.6% people with no religious affiliation, and 5.8% ].<ref name="statistics"/>


==Famous people== ==Famous people==
Line 143: Line 126:
*], violinist *], violinist
*], race walker, Olympic gold medalist *], race walker, Olympic gold medalist
*], writer


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
Line 170: Line 154:
==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}
*{{Catholic}}


==External links== ==External links==
Line 188: Line 171:


] ]
]

Latest revision as of 01:26, 25 December 2024

Town in SlovakiaMunicipality in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia
Kremnica Körmöcbánya
Municipality
Winter in KremnicaWinter in Kremnica
Flag of KremnicaFlag
Kremnica is located in Banská Bystrica RegionKremnicaKremnicaLocation of Kremnica in the Banská Bystrica RegionShow map of Banská Bystrica RegionKremnica is located in SlovakiaKremnicaKremnicaLocation of Kremnica in SlovakiaShow map of Slovakia
Coordinates: 48°42′N 18°55′E / 48.70°N 18.92°E / 48.70; 18.92
Country Slovakia
Region Banská Bystrica Region
DistrictŽiar nad Hronom District
First mentioned1328
Government
 • MayorMartin Novodomec (KDH)
Area
 • Total43.13 km (16.65 sq mi)
 (2022)
Elevation564 m (1,850 ft)
Population
 • Total4,783
Population by ethnicity (2011)
 • Slovak87.5%
 • Roma1.1%
 • German0.8%
 • Czech0.5%
 • Others0.4%
 • Unreported9.7%
Population by religion (2011)
 • Roman Catholic53.9%
 • Lutheran4.6%
 • Greek Catholic0.4%
 • Congregationalist0.4%
 • Others0.6%
 • Non-religious24%
 • Unreported16.1%
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code967 01
Area code+421 45
Car plateZH
Websitewww.kremnica.sk

Kremnica (pronunciation; German: Kremnitz, Hungarian: Körmöcbánya) is a town in central Slovakia. It has around 5,300 inhabitants. The well-preserved medieval town built above important gold mines is the site of the oldest still-working mint in the world.

Name

The name is derived from Slovak kremeň, kremenina (quartz) with a feminine suffix -ica, functioning to create local names.

History

Kremnica was among the major mining towns of the world during the Middle Ages and in the modern era due to the abundant gold ore deposits in the Kremnica Mountains. However, the first evidence of sub-surface mining activities comes from the 9th century.

In the 13th century the inhabitants of this area were affected by the invasion of the Mongols. Following that difficult period, Hungarian kings invited new colonists from present-day Germany (more specifically Carpathian Germans/Zipser Germans) to settle in the region to help replenish the decimated population. Their innovative technology and knowledge restored the mining activities in the town. The first written reference to the town dates back to 1328, when it was granted royal town privileges by King Charles I of Hungary.

The town's mint was already in existence at the time of the granting of royal privileges. Starting in 1335 the mint produced golden florins and later the famous "Kremnica ducats", which were used as an international means of payment as a result of their consistently high purity of gold. It was the most important mint, and later the only one, in the Kingdom of Hungary, in Czechoslovakia and nowadays in Slovakia; the prosperity brought to the town led to it being given the nickname "Golden Kremnica".

In 1331, Kremnica became the seat of the Chamber Count (German: Kammergraf) who was the head of the most important mining and minting chamber of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Count administered all the mines and mints in twelve counties of the kingdom in the Middle Ages.

At the end of the 14th century, Kremnica became the capital of the mining towns in central Upper Hungary. The steady annual production of gold and silver guaranteed the prosperous development of the town. In the 15th century Kreminca was the second most important city in the Kingdom of Hungary. The town was continuously being granted new privileges and the deputies of the town occupied the second place in the Hungarian Diet (the first place was reserved for the representatives of Buda, the capital of the Kingdom).

Gold mining and coin production in Kremnica culminated in the 14th and 15th centuries. As one of the most important centers of Protestant Reformation in the country, the town belonged to the Protestant "League of Seven Mining Towns" together with Banská Belá, Banská Bystrica, Banská Štiavnica, Ľubietová, Nová Baňa, and Pukanec. In the 16th century, the town was a major centre of production of (mostly religious) medals, especially by Joachim Deschler. At the same time however, the miners had to dig deeper and deeper to reach new deposits and the mining conditions deteriorated because of underground water in the shafts. The cost of mining increased and the mining was becoming less profitable. The last gold was extracted in Kremnica in 1970, at which time all the mines were closed. The German population of the town and its surroundings was expelled in 1945 as the consequential punishment by the former Czechoslovak government after World War II.

Geography

Kremnica lies at an altitude of 564 metres (1,850 ft) above sea level and covers an area of 43.136 square kilometres (16.7 sq mi). It is located in the Kremnica Mountains on the brook Kremnický potok, which is a tributary of the Hron River. It is located around 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Banská Bystrica (by line), 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Martin and around 175 kilometres (109 mi) from Bratislava.

Main sights

Plague column on main square.

The castle built in the 13th through 15th centuries towers over the town. In the first half of the 14th century, it became the residence of the Chamber Count. The town was immediately fortified with a double wall containing several bastions and towers. The castle represents a unique example of a very well preserved fortification system in Central Europe. In the 14th century, it developed into a multifunctional complex of buildings and thus became the centre of local administration, religious life, and defense. At the end of the 15th century, the Chamber Count moved to a newly built house with a unique diamond vault. Thereafter the residence of the Count in the castle was converted into the St. Catherine's Church.

Other sites of interest also include the Museum of Coins and Medals, the Museum of Skiing and a historical main square with a monumental Baroque plague column. The Gothic Church of St. Catherine hosts the popular European Organ Festival. A 20-km long aqueduct, built in the 15th century, is still working, supplying three hydroelectric power plants (one of them located 245 m below the ground). Forested mountains around the town offer plenty of opportunities for hiking and cross-country skiing.

The geographical centre of Europe is claimed to be in the nearby village of Krahule.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19706,121—    
19806,042−1.3%
19916,299+4.3%
20015,822−7.6%
20115,601−3.8%
20214,934−11.9%
Source: Censuses

Kremnica has a population of 5,528 (as of December 31, 2013). According to the 2001 census, 95.8% of inhabitants were Slovaks and 1.2% Germans. However, even among those identifying themselves as Slovaks many are descendants of the Carpathian Germans, who played a very important role in the medieval history of the town. The religious makeup was 64.9% Roman Catholics, 22.6% people with no religious affiliation, and 5.8% Lutherans.

Famous people

Gallery

  • Town castle Town castle
  • Main square Main square
  • Plague column Plague column
  • Barbican Barbican
  • Kremnica, 1729 Kremnica, 1729
  • Detail of the plague column Detail of the plague column
Main square

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovakia

Kremnica is twinned with:

References

  1. "Hustota obyvateľstva - obce [om7014rr_ukaz: Rozloha (Štvorcový meter)]". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
  2. ^ "Základná charakteristika". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
  3. "Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne)". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
  4. SODB - Kremnica, 2011
  5. SODB - Kremnica, 2011
  6. Martin Štefánik - Ján Lukačka et al. 2010, Lexikón stredovekých miest na Slovensku, Historický ústav SAV, Bratislava, 2010, pp. 503, 360, ISBN 978-80-89396-11-5. http://forumhistoriae.sk/-/lexikon-stredovekych-miest-na-slovensku Archived 2017-03-26 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Municipal Statistics". Statistical Office of the Slovak republic. Archived from the original on 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  8. "Statistical lexikon of municipalities 1970-2011" (PDF) (in Slovak).
  9. "Census 2021 - Population - Basic results". Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2021-01-01.
  10. "Partnerské mestá". kremnica.sk (in Slovak). Kremnica. Retrieved 2019-09-05.

External links

Municipalities of Žiar nad Hronom District
Slovakia
Categories: