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{{Short description|County of Romania}} {{Short description|County of Romania}}
{{About||the former county in the Kingdom of Hungary|Bihar County|the Indian State|Bihar}} {{About||the former county in the Kingdom of Hungary|Bihar County|the Indian State|Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Bihor County | official_name = Bihor County
| native_name = Județul Bihor | native_name = Județul Bihor
| settlement_type = County | other_name = Bihar megye
| image_skyline = Oradea (Nagyvárad) - piaţa Unirii.JPG | settlement_type = County
| image_skyline = Oradea (Nagyvárad) - piaţa Unirii.JPG
| image_caption = ], capital of Bihor County | image_caption = ], capital of Bihor County
| image_flag = | image_flag =
| flag_link = | flag_link =
| image_shield = Actual_Bihor_county_CoA.png | image_shield = Actual_Bihor_county_CoA.svg
| shield_link = | shield_link =
| image_map = Bihor in Romania.svg | image_map = Bihor in Romania.svg
| map_caption = Location of Bihor County in Romania | map_caption = Location of Bihor County in Romania
| latd = | latd =
| latm = | latm =
| lats = | lats =
| latNS = | latNS =
| longd = | longd =
| longm = | longm =
| longs = | longs =
| longEW = | longEW =
| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{ROU}} | subdivision_name = {{ROU}}
| subdivision_type1 = Historic region | subdivision_type1 = Historic region
| subdivision_type2 = Capital city (''Reședință de județ'') | subdivision_type2 = Capital city (''Reședință de județ'')
| subdivision_name1 = ] | subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ] | subdivision_name2 = ]
| established_title = | established_title =
| established_date = | established_date =
| government_footnotes = | government_footnotes =
| government_type = County Board | government_type = County Council
| leader_party = ] | leader_party = ]
| leader_title = President of the County Board | leader_title = President of the County Council
| leader_name = Sándor Pásztor | leader_name = {{ill|Ilie Bolojan|ro}}
| leader_title1 = Prefect<sup>2</sup> | leader_title1 = Prefect<sup>2</sup>
| leader_name1 = Ioan MIhaiu | leader_name1 = {{ill|Dumitru Țiplea|ro}}
| area_magnitude = | area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 7544 | area_total_km2 = 7544
| area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 = | area_land_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 = | area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent = | area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi = | area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_rank = ] | area_rank = ]
| elevation_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = | elevation_m =
| elevation_max_m =1,849 | elevation_max_m = 1,849
| elevation_min_m =89 | elevation_min_m = 89
| population_total = 575398 |population_total = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population_as_of = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_as_of = 2011 census<ref name="INSSER">{{cite web|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_TAB_3.xlsx |title=Population at 20 October 2011 |date=5 July 2013 |access-date=9 July 2013 |publisher=] |language=ro }}</ref>
| population_footnotes = |population_footnotes = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = ]
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_urban = | population_note =
| postal_code_type = ]
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| postal_code = 41wxyz<sup>3</sup>
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| area_code = ]<sup>4</sup>
| population_metro =
| iso_code = RO-BH
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| website = <br />
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| footnotes = <sup>1</sup>The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed to attract funds from the ]{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}<br /><sup>2</sup> as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a civil servant. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or firing) from the civil service<br /><sup>3</sup>w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address<br /><sup>4</sup>x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, ], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks<br /><sup>5</sup>used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ]s, etc.), and the ones used outside the county
| population_rank = ]
| population_note = | timezone = ]
| postal_code_type = ] | utc_offset = +2
| postal_code = 41wxyz<sup>3</sup> | timezone_DST = ]
| area_code = ]<sup>4</sup> | utc_offset_DST = +3
| blank_name = ]
| iso_code = RO-BH
| blank_info = BH<sup>5</sup>
| website = <br />
| blank1_name = GDP
| footnotes = <sup>1</sup>The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed to attract funds from the ]{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}<br /><sup>2</sup> as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a civil servant. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or firing) from the civil service<br /><sup>3</sup>w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address<br /><sup>4</sup>x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, ], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks<br /><sup>5</sup>used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ]s, etc.), and the ones used outside the county
| timezone = ] | blank1_info = US$8.660&nbsp;billion (''2024'')
| utc_offset = +2 | blank2_name = ]
| timezone_DST = ] | blank2_info = US$14,446 (''2024'')
}}
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| blank_name = ]
| blank_info = BH<sup>5</sup>
| blank1_name = GDP
| blank1_info = US$4.048&nbsp;billion (''2015'')
| blank2_name = GDP/]
| blank2_info = US$7,037 (''2015'')
}}


'''Bihor County''' ({{IPA-ro|biˈhor|-|Ro-Bihor.ogg}}) is a county (]) of Romania, in ]. Its capital city is ]. '''Bihor County''' ({{IPA|ro|biˈhor|-|Ro-Bihor.ogg}}, {{langx|hu|Bihar megye}}) is a county (]) in western ]. With a total area of {{convert|7544|sqkm|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the ] of ]. Its capital city is ].


==Toponymy== ==Toponymy==
The origin of the name Bihor is uncertain, except that it likely takes its name from an ancient fortress in the current commune of ]. It possibly came from ''vihor'', the Serbian and Ukrainian word for "whirlwind" (вихор), or Slavic ''biela hora'', meaning "white mountain".{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} Another theory is that Biharea is of ] etymology (''bi'' meaning "two" and ''harati'' "take" or "lead"), possibly meaning two possessions of land in the Duchy of ]. Another theory is that the name comes from ''bour'', the Romanian term for ] (from the Latin word '']''). The animal once inhabited the lands of northwestern Romania. Under this controversial theory, the name changed from ''buar'' to ''buhar'' and to ''Bihar'' and ''Bihor''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Numele Bihorului. Etimologie şi controverse.|url=http://www.oradeamea.com/numele-bihorului-etimologie-si-controverse/|website=Oradea Mea|access-date=21 October 2017|date=23 July 2011}}</ref> The origin of the name Bihor is uncertain, except that it likely takes its name from an ancient fortress in the current commune of ]. It possibly came from ''vihor'', the Serbian and Ukrainian word for "whirlwind" (вихор), or Slavic ''biela hora'', meaning "white mountain".{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} Another theory is that Biharea is of ] etymology (''bi'' meaning "two" and ''harati'' "take" or "lead"), possibly meaning two possessions of land in the Duchy of ]. Another theory is that the name comes from ''bour'', the Romanian term for ] (from the Latin word '']''). The animal once inhabited the lands of northwestern Romania. Under this controversial theory, the name changed from ''buar'' to ''buhar'' and to ''Bihar'' and ''Bihor''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Numele Bihorului. Etimologie şi controverse.|url=http://www.oradeamea.com/numele-bihorului-etimologie-si-controverse/|website=Oradea Mea|access-date=21 October 2017|date=23 July 2011}}</ref>


I found the answer
==Demographics==
Bihor sits in a larger area named Biharia
Bihor in India derives from Sanskrit. Vihor
In Sanskrit and Pali languages it means "abode"( a residence, home) also a roaming around forest near two rivers meet
There's a question on Quora "What's the meaning of Bihari India"


==Coat of arms==
In 2002, Bihor had a population of 600,246 and the ] was 79.56/km<sup>2</sup>. 48.6% of its population lives in urban areas, lower than the Romanian average.<ref></ref><ref>National Institute of Statistics, '' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816034908/http://www.recensamant.ro/pagini/tabele/t40a.pdf |date=16 August 2009 }}''</ref>
<!-- Descrierea stemei: Stema judeţului Bihor se compune sfertuit; în primul cartier pe fond roşu, se află un turn crenelat de culoare neagră, zidit, de argint, dotat cu o fereastră şi o poartă închisă Tn cartierul secund , pe fond albastru, se află cinci spice de grâu legate cu o panglică, toate de aur. Tn cartierul trei, pe fond albastru, se află un ciorchine de strugure cu o frunză de viţă, ambele de argint. Cartierul patru, pe fond roşu, cuprinde un hrisov natural, răsucit la capete în sensuri opuse, validat cu o pecete roşie, prinsă cu şnur răsucit, roşu şi negru. Trei brâuri undate, dintre care cel din mijloc mai lat, separate de două benzi albastre, broşează peste linia orizontală. Brâul din mijloc conţine trei peşti negri.<ref name="report">{{cite web|title=2013 Legislative Report|url=http://www.cjbihor.ro/hotarari2013/anexa/h271.pdf|publisher=Bihor County Council|access-date=21 October 2017|page=51|language=ro|date=29 October 2013}}</ref> -->


The coat of arms of Bihor County was adopted in 1998, and is a quarterly shield featuring a castle (for the Castle of Bihar), five wheat stalks with a ribbon, and a scroll with the text of '']'', covered with a fess featuring three fish. It was subject to redesign in 2013 after it was discovered by a local teacher that the text on the scroll was erroneously written in Greek, rather than Cyrillic (the original alphabet used to write the poem's text) or the Latin alphabet. The county has no significant history with Greece.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Totorean|first1=Adriana|title=Blazon greşit: Stema judeţului Bihor va fi refăcută, deoarece conţine un detaliu penibil|url=http://www.ebihoreanul.ro//stiri/ultima-or-31-6/blazon-gresit-stema-judetului-bihor-va-fi-refacuta-deoarece-contine-un-detaliu-penibil-107750.html|access-date=21 October 2017|work=Ebihoreanul|date=23 April 2013|language=ro}}</ref>
*] - 67.38%
*] - 25.96%
*] - 5.01%
*] - 1.22%
*] (]) - 0.19%

On 31 October 2011, Bihor had a population of 575,398 and the population density was {{convert|72|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref></ref>

*] – 66.96%
*] – 25.27%
*] – 6.33%
*] – 1.1%
*] (]) – 0.13%

=== By religion ===
99.4% of the county's population are Christian<ref>Romania and Bihor County Census, 2002, {{in lang|hu}} ''''</ref> and of these:

*] – 59.7%
*] – 18.1%;
*Catholic – 11.5% (] – 9.2%; ] – 2.3%)
*] – 5.7%;
*] – 3.7%;
*] – 0.3%;

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, '' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=22 September 2006 }}''</ref>
|-
| 1948
| 536,323
|-
| 1956
|{{increase}} 574,488
|-
| 1966
|{{increase}} 586,460
|-
| 1977
|{{increase}} 633,094
|-
| 1992
|{{increase}} 634,093
|-
| 2002
|{{decrease}} 600,246
|-
| 2011
|{{decrease}} 575,398
|}


==Geography== ==Geography==
{{Romanian counties map}}
], the highest peak in the ]]]
This county has a total area of {{convert|7544|sqkm|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. In the eastern side of the county there are the ], with the highest peak being the ] (also known as the Bihor Peak), at {{cvt|1849|m}}. The heights decrease westwards, passing through the hills an ending in the ] – the eastern side of the ].


The county is mainly the ] hydrographic basin with the rivers ], ], and ] the main rivers.
This county has a total area of {{convert|7544|sqkm|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. In the East side of the County there are the ] with heights up to {{convert|1800|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The heights decrease westwards, passing through the hills an ending in the ] – the eastern side of the ].


===Neighbours===
The county is mainly the ] hydrographic basine with the rivers ], ] and ] the main rivers.


* ], ], and ] in the East.
===Neighbours===
{{Romanian counties map}}
* ], ] and ] in the East.
* Hungary in the West – ] and ] * Hungary in the West – ] and ]
* ] in the North. * ] in the North.
Line 158: Line 110:


==History== ==History==
Prior to ], the territory of the county belonged to ] and mostly was contained in the ] of the ]. The territory of Bihor County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the ]. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Prior to ], the territory of the county belonged to ] and mostly was contained in the ] of the ]. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of the war, and the declaration of the ], the ] took control of the county in April 1919, during the ]. The territory of Bihor County was officially transferred to the ] from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the ]. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}


In 1938, ] promulgated a new ], and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ''ținuturi'' (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by ''rezidenți regali'' (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the ]. Bihor County became part of ].{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} In 1938, ] ] promulgated a new ], and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. Ten ''ținuturi'' (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by ''rezidenți regali'' (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") &ndash; appointed directly by the king &ndash; instead of the ]. Bihor County became part of ].{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}


In 1940, part of the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of ] under the ]. Beginning in 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the ]. The county was disestablished ], and re-established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} In August 1940, under the auspices of ], which imposed the ], ] retook the territory of ] (which included part of the county) from Romania. In October 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the ]. In September 1950, the county was ] and was replaced by the ], whose territory comprised an area similar to the old county. Bihor County was re-established in February 1968, when Romania restored the county administrative system.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}


==Economy== ==Economy==

Bihor is one of the wealthiest counties in Romania, with a GDP per capita well above the national average. Recently, the economy has been driven by a number of construction projects. Bihor has the lowest unemployment rate in Romania and among the lowest in Europe, with only 2.4% unemployment, compared to Romania's average of 5.1%. Bihor is one of the wealthiest counties in Romania, with a GDP per capita well above the national average. Recently, the economy has been driven by a number of construction projects. Bihor has the lowest unemployment rate in Romania and among the lowest in Europe, with only 2.4% unemployment, compared to Romania's average of 5.1%.


Line 180: Line 131:
* The city of ]. * The city of ].
* The ]: * The ]:
** The ] Resort and the Iada valley. ** The ] resort and the ] valley.
** The Caves around ] and on the Sighiștel River Valley. ** The Caves around ] and on the ] valley.
** The ]. ** The ].
* ] Resort. * ] Resort.


==Coat of arms== == Demographics ==
The coat of arms of Bihor County was adopted in 1998, and is a quarterly shield featuring a castle (for the Castle of Bihar), five wheat stalks with a ribbon, and a scroll with the text of '']'', covered with a fess featuring three fish. It was subject to redesign in 2013 after it was discovered by a local teacher that the text on the scroll was erroneously written in Greek, rather than Cyrillic (the original alphabet used to write the poem's text) or the Latin alphabet. The county has no significant history with Greece.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Totorean|first1=Adriana|title=Blazon greşit: Stema judeţului Bihor va fi refăcută, deoarece conţine un detaliu penibil|url=http://www.ebihoreanul.ro//stiri/ultima-or-31-6/blazon-gresit-stema-judetului-bihor-va-fi-refacuta-deoarece-contine-un-detaliu-penibil-107750.html|access-date=21 October 2017|work=Ebihoreanul|date=23 April 2013|language=ro}}</ref>


According to the ], the county had a population of 551,297 and the ] was {{Pop density|551297|7544|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-etno-culturale-demografice/|title=Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice|website=Recensamantromania.ro|access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref> 51.1% of its population lives in urban areas, lower than the Romanian average.<ref name="CJBihorCountyProfile">{{Cite web|title=Profil administrativ-teritorial - Consiliul Județean Bihor|url=https://www.cjbihor.ro/despre-bihor/profil-administrativ-teritorial/|url-status=live|access-date=11 February 2022|website=]|language=ro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412060312/https://www.cjbihor.ro/despre-bihor/profil-administrativ-teritorial/ |archive-date=12 April 2021 }}</ref>
<!-- Descrierea stemei: Stema judeţului Bihor se compune sfertuit; în primul cartier pe fond roşu, se află un turn crenelat de culoare neagră, zidit, de argint, dotat cu o fereastră şi o poartă închisă Tn cartierul secund , pe fond albastru, se află cinci spice de grâu legate cu o panglică, toate de aur. Tn cartierul trei, pe fond albastru, se află un ciorchine de strugure cu o frunză de viţă, ambele de argint. Cartierul patru, pe fond roşu, cuprinde un hrisov natural, răsucit la capete în sensuri opuse, validat cu o pecete roşie, prinsă cu şnur răsucit, roşu şi negru. Trei brâuri undate, dintre care cel din mijloc mai lat, separate de două benzi albastre, broşează peste linia orizontală. Brâul din mijloc conţine trei peşti negri.<ref name="report">{{cite web|title=2013 Legislative Report|url=http://www.cjbihor.ro/hotarari2013/anexa/h271.pdf|publisher=Bihor County Council|access-date=21 October 2017|page=51|language=ro|date=29 October 2013}}</ref> -->

<div style="float:left">
{{Pie chart
|thumb=left
|caption=Ethnic composition of Bihor County (2021)
|label1=]|value1=69.03|color1=#8080ff
|label2=]|value2=22.35|color2=#80ff80
|label3=]|value3=7.33|color3=#3fc03f
|label4=]|value4=0.97|color4=#80ffff
|label5=] <small>(])</small>|value5=0.11|color5=#ff80ff
|label6=Others|value6=0.22|color6=#9f9f9f}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb=right
|caption=Religious composition of Bihor County (2021)
|label1=]|value1=59.29|color1=#8080ff
|label2=]|value2=16.01|color2=#80ff80
|label3=]|value3=8.16|color3=#3fc03f
|label4=]|value4=8.01|color4=#ffff80
|label5=]|value5=4.28|color5=#80ffff
|label6=]|value6=1.99|color6=#ff80ff
|label7=Others|value7=1.36|color7=#9f9f9f
|label8=],] and ]|value8=0.91|color8=#555555}}
</div>

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right
! Year
! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, '' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=22 September 2006 }}''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2022|title=Populația Județului Bihor la 1 Ianuarie 2020|trans-title=Bihor county population as of January 1, 2020|url=https://bihor.insse.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Populatia-BH-la-1-ianuarie-2020.pdf?page=12|url-status=live|website=]|language=ro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211170203/https://bihor.insse.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Populatia-BH-la-1-ianuarie-2020.pdf?page=12 |archive-date=11 February 2022 }}</ref>
|-
! 1948
| 536,323 {{steady}}
|-
! 1956
| 574,488 {{increase}}
|-
! 1966
| 586,460 {{increase}}
|-
! 1977
| 633,094 {{increase}}
|-
! 1992
| 634,093 {{increase}}
|-
! 2002
| 600,246 {{decrease}}
|-
! 2011
| 575,398 {{decrease}}
|-
! 2021
| 551,297 {{decrease}}
|}


==Politics== == Politics and administration ==
The Bihor County Council, renewed at the ], consists of 34 counsellors, with the following party composition:<ref>{{Cite web|lang=ro|url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/data/json/sicpv/pv/pv_vs_final.json|format=Json|title=Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020|publisher=Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă|accessdate=2020-11-02}}</ref> The Bihor County Council, renewed at the ], consists of 34 counsellors, with the following party composition:<ref>{{Cite web|language=ro|url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/data/json/sicpv/pv/pv_vs_final.json|format=Json|title=Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020|publisher=Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
Line 199: Line 201:
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="22" | Current County Council ! style="background:#ccc" colspan="22" | Current County Council
|- |-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| ] (PNL) | ] (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''22''' | style="text-align: right" | '''22'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
|- |-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| ] (UDMR) | ] (UDMR/RMDSZ)
| style="text-align: right" | '''6''' | style="text-align: right" | '''6'''
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/UDMR}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
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| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
|- |-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| ] (PSD) | ] (PSD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''6''' | style="text-align: right" | '''6'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp; | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
| &nbsp; | &nbsp;
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*] *]
*] *]
*] – capital city; 196,367 (as of 2011) *] – capital city; 183,105 (as of 2021)
*] *]
'''Towns''' '''Towns'''
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{{columns-list|colwidth=18em| {{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
*] *]
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| other_name = | other_name =
| settlement_type = County (''Județ'') | settlement_type = County (''Județ'')
| image_skyline =Prefectura Oradea.JPG | image_skyline = Prefectura Oradea.JPG
| image_caption =The Bihor County Prefecture building from the interwar period used until 1920. | image_caption = The Bihor County Prefecture building from the interwar period, used until 1920
| image_flag = | image_flag =
| flag_link = | flag_link =
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| government_footnotes = | government_footnotes =
| government_type = | government_type =
| leader_party = | leader_party =
| leader_title = ] | leader_title = ]
| leader_name = | leader_name =
| leader_title1 = | leader_title1 =
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| area_water_km2 = | area_water_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent = | area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_km2 =
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| population_footnotes = | population_footnotes =
| population_total = 510318 | population_total = 510318
| population_density_km2 =auto | population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro = | population_metro =
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| timezone = ] | timezone = ]
| utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = ] | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +3 | utc_offset_DST = +3
| postal_code_type = | postal_code_type =
| postal_code = | postal_code =
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===Administration=== ===Administration===
The territory of the county was divided into eleven districts ('']'')<ref name=Memoria></ref> The territory of the county was divided into twelve districts ('']'')<ref name=Memoria></ref>
#Plasa Aleşd (comprising 41 villages, headquartered at ]) #Plasa Aleșd (comprising 41 villages, headquartered at ])
#Plasa Beiuș (comprising 62 villages, headquartered at ]) #Plasa Beiuș (comprising 62 villages, headquartered at ])
#Plasa Beliu (comprising 30 villages, headquartered at ]) #Plasa Beliu (comprising 30 villages, headquartered at ])
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#Plasa Centrală (comprising 40 villages, headquartered at ]) #Plasa Centrală (comprising 40 villages, headquartered at ])
#Plasa Marghita (comprising 43 villages, headquartered at ]) #Plasa Marghita (comprising 43 villages, headquartered at ])
#Plasa Salonta (comprising 19 villages, headquartered at ])
#Plasa Săcueni (comprising 11 villages, headquartered at ]) #Plasa Săcueni (comprising 11 villages, headquartered at ])
#Plasa Sălard (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at ]) #Plasa Sălard (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at ])
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#Plasă Vașcău (comprising 44 villages, headquartered at ]) #Plasă Vașcău (comprising 44 villages, headquartered at ])


Within Bihor County there were three urban localities: Oradea (also known as Oradea Mare, the county seat) and urban communes ] and ]. Within Bihor County there were three urban localities: Oradea (also known as Oradea Mare, the county seat) and urban communes ] and ].


=== Population === === Population ===
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==== Urban population ==== ==== Urban population ====
The county's urban population consisted of 102,277 inhabitants, 54.8% Hungarians, 26.4% Romanians, 15.4% Jews, 1% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban population, Hungarian (67.9%) predominated, followed by Romanian (24.9%), Yiddish (4.3%), German (1.2%) as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 31.5% Reformed, 20.6% Jewish, 19.3% Roman Catholic, 17.5% Eastern Orthodox, 9.1% Greek Catholic, 1.1% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.<ref name = Rec_1930_550 /> The county's urban population consisted of 102,277 inhabitants, 54.8% Hungarians, 26.4% Romanians, 15.4% Jews, 1% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban population, Hungarian (67.9%) predominated, followed by Romanian (24.9%), Yiddish (4.3%), German (1.2%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 31.5% Reformed, 20.6% Jewish, 19.3% Roman Catholic, 17.5% Eastern Orthodox, 9.1% Greek Catholic, 1.1% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.<ref name = Rec_1930_550 />


] ]

== References ==


==References==
{{Commons category|Bihor County}} {{Commons category|Bihor County}}
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}
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{{Bihor County}} {{Bihor County}}
{{Counties (judete) of Romania}} {{Counties (judete) of Romania}}

{{coord|47.0722|N|21.9211|E|source:kolossus-euwiki|display=title}}
{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}
{{coord|47.0722|N|21.9211|E|source:kolossus-euwiki|display=title}}


] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 19:14, 25 December 2024

County of Romania For the former county in the Kingdom of Hungary, see Bihar County. For the Indian State, see Bihar.

County in Crișana, Romania
Bihor County Județul BihorBihar megye
County
Oradea, capital of Bihor CountyOradea, capital of Bihor County
Coat of arms of Bihor CountyCoat of arms
Location of Bihor County in RomaniaLocation of Bihor County in Romania
Country Romania
Historic regionCrișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Oradea
Government
 • TypeCounty Council
 • President of the County CouncilIlie Bolojan (PNL)
 • PrefectDumitru Țiplea [ro]
Area
 • Total7,544 km (2,913 sq mi)
 • Rank6th in Romania
Highest elevation1,849 m (6,066 ft)
Lowest elevation89 m (292 ft)
Population
 • Total551,297
 • Rank11th in Romania
 • Density73/km (190/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code41wxyz
Area code+40 x59
ISO 3166 codeRO-BH
Car PlatesBH
GDPUS$8.660 billion (2024)
GDP per CapitaUS$14,446 (2024)
WebsiteCounty Council
County Prefecture
The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed to attract funds from the European Union
as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a civil servant. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or firing) from the civil service
w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address
x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks
used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ATVs, etc.), and the ones used outside the county

Bihor County (Romanian pronunciation: [biˈhor] , Hungarian: Bihar megye) is a county (județ) in western Romania. With a total area of 7,544 km (2,913 sq mi), Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea.

Toponymy

The origin of the name Bihor is uncertain, except that it likely takes its name from an ancient fortress in the current commune of Biharia. It possibly came from vihor, the Serbian and Ukrainian word for "whirlwind" (вихор), or Slavic biela hora, meaning "white mountain". Another theory is that Biharea is of Daco-Thracian etymology (bi meaning "two" and harati "take" or "lead"), possibly meaning two possessions of land in the Duchy of Menumorut. Another theory is that the name comes from bour, the Romanian term for aurochs (from the Latin word bubalus). The animal once inhabited the lands of northwestern Romania. Under this controversial theory, the name changed from buar to buhar and to Bihar and Bihor.

I found the answer Bihor sits in a larger area named Biharia Bihor in India derives from Sanskrit. Vihor In Sanskrit and Pali languages it means "abode"( a residence, home) also a roaming around forest near two rivers meet There's a question on Quora "What's the meaning of Bihari India"

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Bihor County was adopted in 1998, and is a quarterly shield featuring a castle (for the Castle of Bihar), five wheat stalks with a ribbon, and a scroll with the text of Deșteaptă-te, române!, covered with a fess featuring three fish. It was subject to redesign in 2013 after it was discovered by a local teacher that the text on the scroll was erroneously written in Greek, rather than Cyrillic (the original alphabet used to write the poem's text) or the Latin alphabet. The county has no significant history with Greece.

Geography

Romanian Counties AB AR AG BC BH BN BT BV BR BZ CS CL CJ CT CV DB DJ GL GR GJ HR HD IL IS IF MM MH MS NT OT PH SM SJ SB SV TR TM TL VS VL VN B
The Cucurbăta Mare, the highest peak in the Bihor Mountains

This county has a total area of 7,544 km (2,913 sq mi). In the eastern side of the county there are the Apuseni Mountains, with the highest peak being the Cucurbăta Mare (also known as the Bihor Peak), at 1,849 m (6,066 ft). The heights decrease westwards, passing through the hills an ending in the Romanian Western Plain – the eastern side of the Pannonian plain.

The county is mainly the Criș hydrographic basin with the rivers Crișul Repede, Crișul Negru, and Barcău the main rivers.

Neighbours

History

Prior to World War I, the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary and mostly was contained in the Bihar County of the Kingdom of Hungary. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of the war, and the declaration of the Union of Transylvania with Romania, the Romanian Army took control of the county in April 1919, during the Hungarian–Romanian War. The territory of Bihor County was officially transferred to the Kingdom of Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized.

In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. Ten ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") – appointed directly by the king – instead of the prefects. Bihor County became part of Ținutul Crișuri.

In August 1940, under the auspices of Nazi Germany, which imposed the Second Vienna Award, Hungary retook the territory of Northern Transylvania (which included part of the county) from Romania. In October 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. In September 1950, the county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania and was replaced by the Bihor Region, whose territory comprised an area similar to the old county. Bihor County was re-established in February 1968, when Romania restored the county administrative system.

Economy

Bihor is one of the wealthiest counties in Romania, with a GDP per capita well above the national average. Recently, the economy has been driven by a number of construction projects. Bihor has the lowest unemployment rate in Romania and among the lowest in Europe, with only 2.4% unemployment, compared to Romania's average of 5.1%.

The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Textile industry.
  • Food and beverages industry.
  • Mechanical components industry.
  • Metallurgy.

In the west side of the county there are mines for extracting coal and bauxite. Crude oil is also extracted.

Tourism

The main tourist attractions in the county are:

Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 551,297 and the population density was 73.1/km (189.3/sq mi). 51.1% of its population lives in urban areas, lower than the Romanian average.

Ethnic composition of Bihor County (2021)

  Romanians (69.03%)  Hungarians (22.35%)  Romani (7.33%)  Slovaks (0.97%)  Germans (Sathmar Swabians) (0.11%)  Others (0.22%)

Religious composition of Bihor County (2021)

  Romanian Orthodox (59.29%)  Reformed (16.01%)  Pentecostals (8.16%)  Roman Catholics (8.01%)  Baptists (4.28%)  Greek Catholics (1.99%)  Others (1.36%)  Irreligious,atheist and agnostic (0.91%)
Year County population
1948 536,323 Steady
1956 574,488 Increase
1966 586,460 Increase
1977 633,094 Increase
1992 634,093 Increase
2002 600,246 Decrease
2011 575,398 Decrease
2021 551,297 Decrease

Politics and administration

The Bihor County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 34 counsellors, with the following party composition:

    Party Seats Current County Council
  National Liberal Party (PNL) 22                                            
  Democratic Alliance of Hungarians (UDMR/RMDSZ) 6                                            
  Social Democratic Party (PSD) 6                                            

Administrative divisions

See also: Oradea metropolitan area
Oradea
Marghita
Salonta
Beiuș

Bihor County has four municipalities, six towns, and 91 communes.

Municipalities

Towns

Communes

Historical county

County in Romania
Județul Bihor
County (Județ)
The Bihor County Prefecture building from the interwar period, used until 1920The Bihor County Prefecture building from the interwar period, used until 1920
Coat of arms of Județul BihorCoat of arms
Country Romania
Historic regionCrișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Oradea
Area
 • Total7,467 km (2,883 sq mi)
Population
 • Total510,318
 • Density68/km (180/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Administration

The territory of the county was divided into twelve districts (plăși)

  1. Plasa Aleșd (comprising 41 villages, headquartered at Aleșd)
  2. Plasa Beiuș (comprising 62 villages, headquartered at Beiuș)
  3. Plasa Beliu (comprising 30 villages, headquartered at Beliu)
  4. Plasa Ceica (comprising 47 villages, headquartered at Ceica)
  5. Plasa Centrală (comprising 40 villages, headquartered at Oradea)
  6. Plasa Marghita (comprising 43 villages, headquartered at Marghita)
  7. Plasa Salonta (comprising 19 villages, headquartered at Salonta)
  8. Plasa Săcueni (comprising 11 villages, headquartered at Săcueni)
  9. Plasa Sălard (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at Sălard)
  10. Plasa Tileagd (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at Tileagd)
  11. Plasa Tinca (comprising 26 villages, headquartered at Tinca)
  12. Plasă Vașcău (comprising 44 villages, headquartered at Vașcău)

Within Bihor County there were three urban localities: Oradea (also known as Oradea Mare, the county seat) and urban communes Salonta and Beiuș.

Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 510,318, ethnically divided among Romanians (61.6%), Hungarians (30.0%), Jews (4.3%), Czechs and Slovaks (2.2%), as well as other minorities. By language the county was divided among Romanian (61.4%), Hungarian (33.8%), Czech (2.0%), Yiddish (1.5%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the population consisted of Eastern Orthodox (49.8%), Reformed (21.0%), Greek Catholics (10.7%), Roman Catholics (10.4%), Jews (5.4%), Baptists (2.2%), as well as other minorities.

Urban population

The county's urban population consisted of 102,277 inhabitants, 54.8% Hungarians, 26.4% Romanians, 15.4% Jews, 1% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban population, Hungarian (67.9%) predominated, followed by Romanian (24.9%), Yiddish (4.3%), German (1.2%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 31.5% Reformed, 20.6% Jewish, 19.3% Roman Catholic, 17.5% Eastern Orthodox, 9.1% Greek Catholic, 1.1% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.

Map of Bihor County as constituted in 1938

References

  1. "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  2. "Numele Bihorului. Etimologie şi controverse". Oradea Mea. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  3. Totorean, Adriana (23 April 2013). "Blazon greşit: Stema judeţului Bihor va fi refăcută, deoarece conţine un detaliu penibil". Ebihoreanul (in Romanian). Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  4. "Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice". Recensamantromania.ro. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  5. "Profil administrativ-teritorial - Consiliul Județean Bihor". Consiliul Județean Bihor (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  6. National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 și 2011" Archived 22 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  7. "Populația Județului Bihor la 1 Ianuarie 2020" [Bihor county population as of January 1, 2020] (PDF). National Institute of Statistics (Romania) (in Romanian). 11 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 February 2022.
  8. "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  9. Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Bihor
  10. ^ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 550-556
Bihor County, Romania
Cities Coat of arms of Bihor County
Towns
Communes
Counties (județe) of Romania

47°04′20″N 21°55′16″E / 47.0722°N 21.9211°E / 47.0722; 21.9211

Categories: