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{{Short description|Main airport serving Houston, Texas, United States}}
{{hatnote|"Intercontinental Airport" redirects here. For other such airports, see ].}}
{{Redirect2|Intercontinental Airport|Intercontinental airport|the Mexican airport|Querétaro Intercontinental Airport|the general topic|International airport}}
{{Redirect|Bush airport|simple airfields known as "bush airfields"|Bush flying}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox airport {{Infobox airport
| name = George Bush Intercontinental Airport | name = George Bush Intercontinental Airport
| ensign =
| nativename = Houston-Intercontinental
| image = HASLOGO.svg | ensign_size =
| ensign_alt =
| image-width = 200
| image2 = IAH Aerial.jpg | nativename =
| nativename-a =
| image2-width = 250
| IATA = IAH | nativename-r =
| ICAO = KIAH | image = Houston airports logo blue.png
| FAA = IAH | image_size = 150px
| image_alt =
| WMO = 72243
| type = Public | caption =
| owner = City of Houston | image2 = IAH BVA.jpg
| image2_size = 250px
| operator = ]
| image2_alt =
| city-served = ]
| caption2 =
| location = ], Texas, United States
| hub = ] | IATA = IAH
| ICAO = KIAH
| focus_city = ]<ref>http://airchive.com/blog/2014/04/24/spirit-to-expand-fort-lauderdale-houston-service/</ref>
| FAA = IAH
| elevation-f = 97
| TC =
| elevation-m = 30
| latd = 29 | latm = 59 | lats = 04 | latNS = N | LID =
| longd=095 | longm= 20 | longs= 29 | longEW= W | GPS =
| coordinates_region = US-TX | WMO = 72243
| type = Public
| website =
| image_map = File:IAH diagram.pdf | owner-oper = ]
| image_map_caption = FAA airport diagram | owner =
| pushpin_map = USA Texas | operator =
| pushpin_label = IAH | city-served = ]
| location = ], ], ]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Texas
| opened = {{start date and age|1969|06|08}}
| r1-number = 15L/33R
| closed = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| r1-length-f = 12,002
| passenger_services_ceased = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| r1-length-m = 3,658
| hub = ]
| r1-surface = Concrete
| focus_city = <!-- If more than one airline, use {{Unbulleted list|Airline1|Airline2}} -->
| r2-number = 15R/33L
| operating_base = ]
| r2-length-f = 9,999
| built = <!-- military airports -->
| r2-length-m = 3,048
| used = <!-- military airports -->
| r2-surface = Concrete
| commander = <!-- military airports -->
| r3-number = 9/27
| occupants = <!-- military airports -->
| r3-length-f = 10,000
| timezone = ]
| r3-length-m = 3,048
| utc = ]
| r3-surface = Concrete
| r4-number = 8L/26R | summer = CDT
| utcs = ]
| r4-length-f = 9,000
| elevation-f = 97
| r4-length-m = 2,743
| r4-surface = Concrete | elevation-m = 30
| r5-number = 8R/26L | metric-elev = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|29|59|04|N|095|20|29|W|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}
| r5-length-f = 9,402
| website = {{URL|www.fly2houston.com/iah}}
| r5-length-m = 2,866
| image_map = IAH Diagram.pdf
| r5-surface = Concrete
| image_mapsize =
| footnotes = Sources:<ref name="DEPARTMENT OF AVIATION MONTHLY STATISTICAL SUMMARY REPORT FOR DECEMBER 2014
| image_map_alt =
">{{cite web |contribution=HAS Traffic Statistics Summaries|title=DEPARTMENT OF AVIATION MONTHLY STATISTICAL SUMMARY REPORT FOR DECEMBER 2014
| image_map_caption = FAA airport diagram
Summary|publisher=]|pages=1, 4|date=January 27, 2015|contribution-url=http://www.fly2houston.com/about-traffic-updates}}</ref>
| stat-year = 2014 | mapframe = yes
| pushpin_map =
| stat1-header = Passengers
| pushpin_mapsize =
| stat1-data = 41,251,015
| pushpin_map_alt =
| stat2-header = Aircraft operations
| pushpin_map_caption =
| stat2-data = 508,935 (0.5%)
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_mark =
| pushpin_marksize =
| r1-number = 15L/33R
| r1-length-f = 12,001
| r1-length-m = 3,658
| r1-surface = ]
| r2-number = 15R/33L
| r2-length-f = 10,000
| r2-length-m = 3,048
| r2-surface = Concrete
| r3-number = 9/27
| r3-length-f = 10,000
| r3-length-m = 3,048
| r3-surface = Concrete
| r4-number = 8L/26R
| r4-length-f = 9,000
| r4-length-m = 2,743
| r4-surface = Concrete
| r5-number = 8R/26L
| r5-length-f = 9,402
| r5-length-m = 2,866
| r5-surface = Concrete
| metric-rwy = yes
| h1-number =
| h1-length-f =
| h1-length-m =
| h1-surface = <!-- up to h12 -->
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 46,192,499
| stat2-header = Aircraft operations
| stat2-data = 422,003
| stat-year = 2023
| footnotes = Sources: Fly2Houston.com<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fly2houston.com/newsroom/media-kit/traffic-and-statistics|title=IAH Airport Annual Data from HAS (Houston Airport System) Statistics Dashboard|website=fly2houston.com|accessdate= June 22, 2024 }}</ref> and ]<ref name="FAA">{{FAA-airport|ID=IAH|use=PU|own=PU|website=27013.1*A}}, effective November 28, 2024</ref>
}} }}
'''George Bush Intercontinental Airport''', {{Airport codes|IAH|KIAH|IAH}}<ref name="fly2houston1">{{cite web |title=About George Bush Intercontinental Airport|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3526120/0/0/|publisher=]|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> is a ] ] in ],&nbsp;Texas serving the ] metropolitan area, the ] in the United States. Located about {{convert|23|mi|km}} north of ],<ref name="fly2houston1"/> between ] and ]/], George Bush Intercontinental Airport has scheduled flights to domestic and international destinations. The airport is named after ], the 41st President of the United States.<ref name="AboutcomIAHGuide"/>
<!-- DO NOT ADD the 43rd PRESIDENT as IAH refers to George H W Bush ONLY! George W Bush served as the 43rd president and does NOT have this or ANY airport named after him -->


'''George Bush Intercontinental Airport''' {{airport codes|IAH|KIAH|IAH}}<ref name="fly2houston1">{{cite web |title=About George Bush Intercontinental Airport |website=Fly2Houston.com |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3526120/0/0/ |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012055807/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3526120/0/0/ |archive-date=October 12, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> is an ] in ], ], ], serving the ] metropolitan area. Initially named '''Houston Intercontinental Airport''' upon its opening in 1969, it was renamed in honor of ], the 41st ] and a resident of Houston, in 1997.<ref name="AboutcomIAHGuide"/> It is also commonly called '''Houston International Airport''' or '''George Bush International Airport'''.
George Bush Intercontinental Airport served 40,187,442 passengers<ref name="Calendar Year 2011 Traffic Summary">{{cite web |contribution=HAS Traffic Statistics Summaries|title=Calendar Year 2011 Traffic Summary|publisher=]|pages=1, 4|date=March 2, 2012|contribution-url=http://www.fly2houston.com/TrafficStats}}</ref> in 2011 making the airport the tenth busiest for total passengers in North America. In 2006, the airport was named the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States by the ]. Houston Bush Intercontinental is the largest passenger carrying ] for ] carrying 16.6 million passengers annually with an average of 45,413 passengers daily.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/index.php?s=20306&item=29970 |title= Airport Fact Sheets, Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport |publisher= United Airlines|date= December 1, 2013|accessdate=January 1, 2014}}</ref> The airport also serves as ] for ].


Located about {{convert|23|mi|km}} north of ]<ref name="fly2houston1"/> between ] and ]/] with direct access to the ] expressway, George Bush Intercontinental Airport has scheduled flights to a large number of domestic and international destinations covering five continents. It is the busiest airport in Texas for international passenger traffic and a number of international destinations, the ] as of 2021 and the ] for total passenger traffic as of 2022
== History ==
The site for Bush Intercontinental Airport was originally purchased by a group of Houston businessmen in 1957 to preserve the site until the city of Houston could formulate a plan for a second airport, supplanting what was then known as Houston Municipal Airport (later renamed ]). The holding company for the land was named the Jet Era Ranch Corporation, but a typographical error transformed the words "Jet Era" into "Jetero" and the airport site subsequently became known as the Jetero airport site. Although the name Jetero was no longer used in official planning documents after 1961, the eastern entrance to the airport was named Jetero Boulevard. Most of Jetero Boulevard was subsequently renamed ] Parkway.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}


IAH covers {{convert|10,000|acre|km2}} of land and has five runways.<ref name="FAA" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://skyvector.com/airport/IAH/George-Bush-Intcntl-Houston-Airport|title=IAH airport data at skyvector.com|website=skyvector.com|access-date=August 18, 2022 }}</ref> Houston Intercontinental is one of the largest passenger ] for ]<ref></ref> and formerly also served as a hub for defunct ] and ].
The City of Houston ] the Bush Airport area in 1965. This annexation, along with the 1965 annexations of the Bayport area, the Fondren Road area, and an area west of ], resulted in a total gain of {{convert|51251|acre|ha}} of land for the city limits.<!--Print version exclusively has the information cited; the information is ''not'' included in the online edition--><ref name="Annexbitter">{{cite news|title=Annexed Kingwood Split on Effects|first=Renée C.|last=Lee|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/4243441.html|newspaper=]|date=October 8, 2006|accessdate=July 6, 2011|page=A21}}</ref>


==History==
] Administration Building is located on the airport grounds]]
===20th century===
'''Houston Intercontinental Airport''', what it was originally known as, opened in June 1969.<ref name="AboutcomIAHGuide">Intercontinental Airport" '']''</ref> All passenger traffic from ] moved to Intercontinental upon the airport's completion. Hobby remained open as a ] airport and reopened two years later when ] initiated domestic services.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Hobby|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/houHistoryOfHobby|publisher=]|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
] tower in December 2006]]
A group of ] businessmen purchased the site for Bush Intercontinental Airport in 1957 to preserve it until the city of Houston could formulate a plan for a new airport as a replacement for ] (at the time known as Houston International Airport). The holding company for the land was named the Jet Era Ranch Corporation, but a typographical error transformed the words "Jet Era" into "Jetero" and the airport site subsequently became known as the Jetero airport site. Although the name Jetero was no longer used in official planning documents after 1961, the airport's eastern entrance was named Jetero Boulevard. Most of Jetero Boulevard was later renamed ] Parkway.


Houston Intercontinental had been scheduled to open in 1967, but design changes regarding the terminals created cost overruns and construction delays. The prime contractor, R.F. Ball Construction of ], sued the city of Houston for $11&nbsp;million in damages, but assistant city attorney ] successfully defended the municipality on appeal to the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary of Joe Rollins|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/deaths/6113811.html|newspaper=]|date=November 17, 2008|accessdate=November 17, 2008}}</ref> The City of Houston ] the Intercontinental Airport area in 1965. This annexation, along with the 1965 annexations of the Bayport area, the Fondren Road area, and an area west of ], resulted in a gain of {{convert|51251|acre|ha}} of land for the city limits.<!--Print version exclusively has the information cited; the information is ''not'' included in the online edition--><ref name="Annexbitter">{{cite news|title=Annexed Kingwood Split on Effects|first=Renée C.|last=Lee|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/4243441.html|newspaper=]|date=October 8, 2006|access-date=July 6, 2011|page=A21}}</ref>


'''Houston Intercontinental Airport''', which was the original name for the airport, opened in June 1969.<ref name="AboutcomIAHGuide">Intercontinental Airport" '']''</ref> The airport's IATA code of IAH derived from the stylization of the airport's name as "Intercontinental Airport of Houston."<ref name="Jen">{{cite book|first=Robert|last=Jen |title=Trivia Why's |date=January 15, 2024 |volume=2 |page= 55|publisher=Sebesta Enterprises | isbn=9780974900377|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mWVkO0m0Co8C&dq=%22intercontinental+airport+of+houston%22&pg=PA55}}</ref><ref name="ASCE">{{cite book|first=Adil|last=Godiwalla|chapter=Rehabilitation of Runway 9-27 at the Intercontinental Airport of Houston|title=The 2020 Vision of Air Transportation|date=January 15, 2024 |page= 325|publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers| isbn=9780784405307|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=boZTAAAAMAAJ&q=%22intercontinental+airport+of+houston%22}}</ref> All scheduled passenger airline service formerly operated from ] moved to Intercontinental upon the airport's completion. Hobby remained open as a ] airport and was once again used for scheduled passenger airline jet service two years later when ] initiated ] service nonstop between Hobby and ] in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Hobby |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/houHistoryOfHobby |website=Fly2Houston.com |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230013/http://www.fly2houston.com/houHistoryOfHobby |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
In the late 1980s, Houston City Council considered a plan to rename the airport after ]—an African-American ] who died in an ] in Ethiopia. Instead of renaming the whole airport, the city named Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building, which would later become Mickey Leland Terminal D, after the congressman. In April 1997, Houston City Council unanimously voted to rename the airport '''George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston''', after ], the 41st President of the United States.<ref name="AboutcomIAHGuide"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Airport Renamed for Bush|author=]|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997-04-18/news/mn-50133_1_houston-intercontinental-airport|newspaper=]|date=April 18, 1997|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref>


In the late 1980s, ] considered a plan to rename the airport after ]—an African-American ] who died in an ] in ]. Instead of renaming the whole airport, the city named Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building, which would later become Mickey Leland Terminal D, after the congressman. In April 1997, Houston City Council unanimously voted to rename the airport '''George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston''', after ], the 41st president of the United States.<ref name="AboutcomIAHGuide"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Airport Renamed for Bush |agency=] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-18-mn-50133-story.html |newspaper=] |date=April 18, 1997 |access-date=May 2, 2013}}</ref> The name change took effect on May 2, 1997.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jicha |first=Tom |date=May 2, 1997 |title=Houston Airport renamed after Bush |url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1997-05-02-9705010484-story.html |work=] |access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref>
On August 28, 1990, ] agreed to build its maintenance center at George Bush Intercontinental Airport; Continental agreed to do so because the city of Houston agreed to provide city-owned land near the airport so that Continental could build its maintenance facility there.<ref>{{cite news |title=Houston Gets Continental Hangars. Airline May Shift 1,000 Colo. Jobs to Texas|first=Adriel|last=Bettelheim|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DP&p_theme=dp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB1D1AB07042CA2&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|newspaper=]|date=August 29, 1990|accessdate=January 23, 2010}}</ref>


On August 28, 1990, Continental Airlines agreed to build its maintenance center at George Bush Intercontinental Airport; Continental agreed to do so because the city of Houston agreed to provide city-owned land near the airport.<ref>{{cite news |title=Houston Gets Continental Hangars. Airline May Shift 1,000 Colo. Jobs to Texas|first=Adriel|last=Bettelheim|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DP&p_theme=dp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB1D1AB07042CA2&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|newspaper=]|date=August 29, 1990|access-date=January 23, 2010|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
As of 2007, ] A and B remain from the original design of the airport. ] Terminal C opened in 1981, the ] International Arrivals Building (now called Terminal D) opened in May 1990, and the new Terminal E partially opened on June 3, 2003. The rest of Terminal E opened on January 7, 2004. Terminal D is the arrival point for all international flights arriving into Houston except for flights operated by United Airlines which uses Terminal E. Terminal D also held customs and ] until the opening of the new Federal Inspection Service (FIS) building, completed on January 25, 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title=Better-Serving the World Since 2005|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/88845/0/1906D1934/|publisher=]|accessdate=April 28, 2013|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20081120120929/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/88845/0/1906D1934/|archivedate=November 20, 2008}}</ref>


At the time of the opening of IAH in 1969, domestic scheduled passenger airline flights were being operated by ], Braniff International Airways, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Eastern Air Lines, National Airlines and Houston-based ], which had formerly operated as Trans-Texas Airways.<ref>June 1, 1969, Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston flight schedules</ref> International flights at this time were being flown by Pan American World Airways with ten nonstop flights a week operated with ] jetliners to Mexico City; ] operating ] jets four days a week to Amsterdam via an intermediate stop in Montreal; Braniff International with ] services several times a week to ]; and Aeronaves de Mexico (now ]) flying ] jets to ], ], ], ] and Mexico City several days a week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/pa.htm |title=Pan American World Airways system timetables |date=June 1, 1969 |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/bn.htm |title=Braniff International Airways system timetables |date=March 15, 1969 |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/kl.htm |date=June 15, 1969 |title=KLM Royal Dutch Airlines system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/am.htm |date=June 1, 1969 |title=Aeronaves de Mexico system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> Texas International was also operating direct services to Mexico at this time with ] jets to ] and ] turboprop flights to ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.departedflights.com/TI070170p12.html |date=July 1, 1970 |title=Texas International Airlines system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref>
On January 7, 2009, a Continental Airlines ] departing Bush Intercontinental was the first U.S. commercial jet to fly on a mix of conventional ] and ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Continental Flight Powered with biofuel Takes Off|author=]|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2009/01/07/business/NA-US-Continental-Biofuel.php|newspaper=]|date=January 7, 2009|accessdate=January 8, 2009}}</ref>


KLM introduced ] services in 1971 and by 1974 ] was operating four nonstop Boeing 747 flights a week to both Paris and Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/kl/htm |date=May 15, 1971 |title=KLM Royal Dutch Airlines system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015 }} {{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/af.htm |date=April 1, 1974 |title=Air France system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> Also in 1974, Continental, Pan Am, and National were operating ] wide body jetliners into IAH while Delta was flying ] wide body jets with both types being operated on respective domestic routes from the airport by these airlines; with National also operating Boeing 747s on a Miami–Houston–Los Angeles routing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.departedflights.com/IAH74intro.html |date=April 1, 1974 |title=Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston (IAH) flight schedules |access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref>
In December 2009 the Houston City Council approved a plan to allow Midway Cos. to develop {{convert|10|acre|ha}} of land owned by Houston Airport System on the grounds of Bush Airport. Midway plans to develop a travel center for the airport's rental car facility. The city dictated that the developer needed to place a convenience store and gas station facility, a flight information board, a fast casual restaurant, and a sit-down restaurant. Beyond the required buildings, the developer plans to add an office facility between {{convert|20000|and|40000|sqft|sqm}} and additional retail; the developer may add a hotel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Council Gives Go Ahead to $50M MXD Plan|first=Amy|last=Wolff–Sorter|url=http://www.globest.com/news/1557_1557/houston/182634-1.html|publisher=]|date=December 14, 2009|accessdate=December 19, 2009}}</ref>


By the late 1970s, ] had begun nonstop flights between ] in the Caribbean and Intercontinental with ] jets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/kx.htm |date=December 15, 1979 |title=Cayman Airways system timetable |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> Cayman Airways served the airport for many years, operating a variety of aircraft including ], ], ], ] and ] jetliners into IAH in addition to the BAC One-Eleven.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.departedflights.com|title= Official Airline Guide (OAG) editions, Houston (IAH) flight schedules|website=Deaprtedflights.com|access-date=2016-06-11}}</ref> In 1977, ], commenced nonstop flights between London's ] and Houston with ] service, and later with ] and ] service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-caledonian.com/BCal_Texas_-_IAH_photos.html|title=BCal Texas IAH Photos|website=british-caledonian.com|access-date=2018-04-23}}</ref> ] continued operating the route, when in December 1987, BA took over B-Cal increasing its frequency on the route to double-daily.
In 2011 ] began service to ]; this was the airport's first nonstop flight to Africa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Houston Gets First Scheduled Nonstop Flight to Africa|first=Jenalia|last=Moreno|url=http://www.chron.com/business/article/Houston-gets-first-scheduled-nonstop-flight-to-2271125.php|newspaper=]|date=November 15, 2011|accessdate=November 16, 2011}}</ref> The airline was also planning to commence service to Auckland, New Zealand but plans for the Auckland service were cancelled because of new international flights at Hobby Airport (to be operated by ]).<ref>{{cite news |title=United to Cut 1,300 Houston Jobs as Southwest Wins New Hub|first1=Mary|last1=Schlangenstein|first2=Mary Jane|last2=Credeur|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-30/southwest-wins-houston-council-support-for-flights-abroad.html|work=]|date=May 30, 2012|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> ]—which acquired Continental and had fully integrated it into the United brand by early 2012—had postponed the introduction of this service owing to delays associated with the ],<ref>{{cite news |title=Continental Will Delay 1st Houston-New Zealand Flight|first=Jenalia|last=Moreno|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/continental/7326425.html|newspaper=]|date=December 6, 2010|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> but still hasn't begun the service with seven 787 Dreamliners currently in its fleet (as of November 2013). Its 787s have been put to use on other international routes, however, including Houston-London and United's new Houston-Lagos flights.<ref>https://hub.united.com/en-us/News/Company-Operations/Pages/united-welcomes-back-787-dreamliner.aspx</ref> In 2014, United Airlines added a second daily flight to Tokyo, new routes to Munich, Germany, Santiago, Chile and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic and restarted the Aruba route (which had been canceled in 2012).


By July 1983, the number of domestic and international air carriers serving Intercontinental had grown substantially. American, Continental, Delta and Eastern had been joined by ], Southwest Airlines, ], United Airlines, ] and ].<ref name="departedflights.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.departedflights.com/IAHintro.html |date=July 1, 1983 |title=Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston (IAH) flight schedules |access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref> Western was operating daily ] wide body jet services nonstop to ] at this time, with this flight also offering one-stop services to ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.departedflights.com|date=July 1, 1983|title=Official Airline Guide (OAG)|website=Departedflights.com|access-date=2016-06-11}}</ref> International services were being operated by ], ], ], Continental Airlines, Eastern Air Lines, ], ], TACA, TWA and ] in addition to Pan Am, KLM, Air France, Aeroméxico and Cayman Airways.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.departedflights.com/IAHI83intro.html |date=July 1, 1983 |title=International Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston (IAH) flight schedules |access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref> Several commuter and regional airlines were also operating passenger services at this time from IAH including ] (operating as ]), Metro Airlines, ] and ].<ref name="departedflights.com"/> Metro Airlines was operating "cross-town" shuttle services with ] turboprops with up to seventeen round trip flights a day between IAH and the ] ] located near the ] and also up to nine round trip flights a day between the airport and ] as well as other flights to regional destinations in Texas and Louisiana.<ref name="departedflights.com"/> In addition, at this same time the airport had scheduled helicopter airline services operated by Executive Helicopters with ] helicopters to four Houston-area ]s with up to 36 round trip flights a day.<ref name="departedflights.com"/>
Houston became the sixth U.S. city to have ] service when ] transitioned its Houston-] route from a ] to an A380 service on August 1, 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Double-Decker Jet to Fly to Houston(City)|first=Ronnie|last=Crocker|url=http://www.chron.com/business/article/Double-decker-jet-to-fly-to-Houston-2374929.php|newspaper=]|date=December 7, 2011|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>


===21st century===
On July 11, 2013, ] began nonstop flights from Houston to ] using a ]. This is the airport's first nonstop route to mainland China.<ref>{{cite news |title=It's Official: Air China to Begin Flights to Beijing|first=Kiah|last=Collier|url=http://www.chron.com/life/travel/article/It-s-official-Air-China-to-begin-flights-to-4195150.php|newspaper=]|date=January 15, 2013|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref>
]
], ], ], and ] aircraft]]
Since Houston was not an approved gateway for U.S. to ] flights under the ], ], and ] flew their London services to ]. British Airways, keen to allow its passengers access to connections at its larger ] hub, subsequently flew various routings from Houston to Heathrow, via a gateway approved technical stop, allowing its Houston originating flights to land at Heathrow. While keeping a daily Houston–Gatwick flight, British Airways operated a flight from Houston to Heathrow via ], with the technical stop being later changed to ] and finally to ]. In March 2008, the Bermuda II agreement was replaced with the EU–US ], allowing Continental Airlines and British Airways to switch its London services from Houston to Heathrow Airport that summer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ata/u/uk/176322.htm|title=U.S.-U.K. Bermuda II of July 23, 1977|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=2018-04-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Gate BA presently operates double-daily flights to London's Heathrow Airport with ] and ] service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishairways.com/travel/schedules/public/en_us|title=British Airways - Timetables|website=britishairways.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-23}}</ref>


As of 2007, ] A and B remain from the airport's original design. ] Terminal C opened in 1981, the Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building (now called Terminal D) opened in May 1990, and the new Terminal E partially opened on June 3, 2003. The rest of Terminal E opened on January 7, 2004. Terminal D is the arrival point for all international flights except for United flights, which use Terminal E. Flights from Canada on Air Canada and WestJet arrive in terminal A. Terminal D also held customs and ] until the opening of the new Federal Inspection Service (FIS) building, completed on January 25, 2005.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Better-Serving the World Since 2005 |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/88845/0/1906D1934/ |date=January 9, 2007 |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120120929/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/88845/0/1906D1934/ |archive-date=November 20, 2008}}</ref>
Houston also gained nonstop flights to Turkey when ] launched nonstop service to ] on April 1, 2013.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Houston to Gain New Direct Flights on Turkish Airlines in 2013 to Istanbul|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3919774/0/83280/|publisher=]|date=June 18, 2012|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref>


On January 7, 2009, a Continental Airlines ] departing Bush Intercontinental was the first U.S. commercial jet to fly on a mix of conventional ] and ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Continental Flight Powered with biofuel Takes Off |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=] |date=January 7, 2009 }}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=John |last=Porretto |title=Continental Flight Powered with biofuel Takes Off |work=] |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2009-01-08-continental-biofuel-flight_N.htm |agency=Associated Press |date=January 8, 2009 |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref>
] commenced nonstop flights from Seoul to Houston on May 2, 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=Korean Air launches nonstop service between Seoul and Houston|first=Erin|last=Mulvaney|url=http://www.chron.com/default/article/Korean-Air-launches-nonstop-service-between-Seoul-5206758.php|newspaper=]|date=February 5, 2014|accessdate=February 12, 2014}}</ref> Among other continental-Asia destinations, ] offers nonstop service between Houston and Moscow, continuing on from there to Singapore; ] flies a nonstop Houston-Doha route; and ] flies nonstop from Houston to Dubai on the ].


In December 2009, the Houston City Council approved a plan to allow Midway Cos. to develop {{convert|10|acre|ha}} of land owned by ] (HAS) on the grounds of Bush Airport. Midway planned to develop a travel center for the airport's rental car facility. The city dictated the developer needed to place a convenience store and gas station facility, a flight information board, a fast casual restaurant, and a sit-down restaurant in the development. Beyond the required buildings, the developer planned to add an office facility of between {{convert|20000|and|40000|sqft|sqm}} and additional retail space.<ref>{{cite news|title=Council Gives Go Ahead to $50M MXD Plan|first=Amy|last=Wolff–Sorter|url=http://www.globest.com/news/1557_1557/houston/182634-1.html|publisher=]|date=December 14, 2009|access-date=December 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103032100/http://www.globest.com/news/1557_1557/houston/182634-1.html|archive-date=January 3, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
On March 31, 2014, ] announced that it will begin flights from ] to Houston. This is the first time the airline has opened a route from its non-hub cities. The aircraft will be a leased 737 BBJ1 from ]. The aircraft will operate in SAS colors, in a 44 seat all business configuration.


In 2011, United Airlines began ] services to ]; this was the airport's first nonstop flight to the African continent. In May 2016, United ended the Houston–Lagos service citing the inability to repatriate revenue sold locally in Nigerian currency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/todayinthesky/2016/05/27/united-airlines-stop-flying-africa/85027594/|title=United Airlines ending its last flight to Africa|first=Ben|last=Mutzabaugh|website=USA Today}}</ref> ] previously operated nonstop ] services in 1983 between Houston and ] in the ] islands off the coast of Africa as a refueling stop for its flights between Houston and ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Houston Gets First Scheduled Non-stop Flight to Africa|first=Jenalia|last=Moreno|url=http://www.chron.com/business/article/Houston-gets-first-scheduled-nonstop-flight-to-2271125.php|newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=November 15, 2011|access-date=November 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.departedflights.com|date=July 1, 1983|title=Worldwide Edition, Official Airline Guide (OAG), Houston (IAH) flight schedules|website=Departedflights.com|access-date=2016-06-11}}</ref> Continental was also planning to commence nonstop ] services to ] in New Zealand but these plans were canceled as a reaction to new international flights at Hobby Airport announced by ].<ref>{{cite news |title=United to Cut 1,300 Houston Jobs as Southwest Wins New Hub|first1=Mary|last1=Schlangenstein|first2=Mary Jane|last2=Credeur|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-30/southwest-wins-houston-council-support-for-flights-abroad.html|work=]|date=May 30, 2012|access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref> United — which acquired Continental and had fully integrated it into the United brand by early 2012 — had postponed the introduction of this service owing to delays associated with the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Continental Will Delay 1st Houston-New Zealand Flight|first=Jenalia|last=Moreno|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/continental/7326425.html|newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=December 6, 2010|access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref> Its 787s were put to use on other international routes, however, including Houston–London and United's then-new Houston–Lagos nonstop flights. The Houston–Auckland nonstop route was then begun by ] using a ]. In 2014, United added a second daily flight to Tokyo and new routes to Munich, Germany; Santiago, Chile; and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, and it restarted the Aruba route, which had been canceled in 2012.
On April 24, 2014, ] announced new services from Houston, to 6 new domestic destinations, including ], ], ], ] and ]. In addition, Spirit added seasonal service between Houston and ]. These new flights bring their total destinations from Houston to 12 locations, which makes Spirit the second largest domestic airline by destinations at Houston's IAH, behind ]. During September 2014, Spirit sought approval from the US Department of Transportation (DoT) to launch service from Houston Intercontinental to ], ], ], ], ], ], ].


In August 2012, ] switched its daily Houston–Frankfurt route to an ] from a ], making Houston the first airport in Texas to receive A380 service. In addition, Lufthansa has also operated the ] on the route. Dubai-based carrier Emirates has also operated the A380 on the Dubai-Houston route.
In 2014, Taiwan-based carrier ] announced that it will launch nonstop flights from Houston to Taipei on June 20, 2015 with three flights a week, on the ]. The frequency will be increased to four times a week starting July 2, 2015.<ref>{{cite press release| title=Taipei – Houston Route Non-stop flights will enhance Trans-Pacific service network|url=http://www.evaair.com/en-global/news-releases/2014/taipei-houston.html?filter=|website=evaair.com|date=December 8, 2014|accessdate=January 9, 2015}}</ref> These flights will leave Houston in the early morning, about an hour past midnight. This will mark the first time that nonstop flights will commence between Taipei and any airport in Texas. In addition, ] also announced new 2015 service in 2014 from ], with flights on the ] to begin on June 12, 2015, becoming the first Japanese carrier to operate passenger operations at IAH.


IAH became the first airport in North America to have nonstop flights to every inhabited continent in 2017, with the addition of ], but lost this claim when ] ended its nonstop flight to ]. The airport regained this status in December 2019 when ] launched service to ] in ] and ] in ].<ref name="onemileatatime.com">{{Cite web|url=https://onemileatatime.com/ethiopian-airlines-houston/|title=Ethiopian Airlines Launching Houston Flights|date=September 12, 2019|website=One Mile at a Time}}</ref>
On June 19, 2014, ] announced that it would become the second operator of the ] at Intercontinental Airport, upgrading its service from Dubai to Houston from ] to the "Super Jumbo" A380. Service began on December 3, 2014.


On September 7, 2017, United announced the launch of flights from Houston to ], using a 787-9. The Houston–Sydney service, at {{convert|8,596|miles|km}}, is currently United's longest nonstop route. Additionally, it surpassed ]' Dubai route as the longest flight at IAH.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hub.united.com/Newsroom|title=Newsroom|website=United Hub}}</ref>
On September 17, 2014, ] released that they would begin to base aircraft from Houston's IAH, for their new ] and ] services, with the possibility of more destinations from Houston to come in the future.


In January 2019, ] became the latest international carrier to announce new service, three-times weekly, to Addis Ababa. The route will be Addis Ababa–Lome–Houston, and the airline is replacing its Los Angeles gateway for Houston. The route will be serviced using the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and will be the city's only gateway to Africa after service to Lagos, Nigeria, was canceled by United Airlines. Service was supposed to begin in June 2019, but was delayed until December 2019. Service began on December 16, 2019. Ethiopian Airlines has since discontinued the route.<ref name="onemileatatime.com"/>
== Operations ==
]]]
] is on the airport grounds]]
George Bush Intercontinental Airport served 40,187,442 passengers<ref name="Calendar Year 2011 Traffic Summary"/> in 2011 making the airport the 10th busiest for total passengers in North America. IAH is the 7th largest international passenger gateway in the US<ref name="fly2houston1"/> and the ]. In 2006, the United States Department of Transportation named George Bush Intercontinental Airport the fastest growing of the top ten airports in the United States.<ref>{{cite press release|title=2005 Total Airline System Passenger Traffic Up 4.6 Percent From 2004|url=http://www.bts.gov/press_releases/2006/bts020_06/html/bts020_06.html|publisher=]|date=April 27, 2006|accessdate=December 30, 2006}}</ref> The ] (HAS) states that the airport's service area includes the following ] counties: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Master Plan Executive Summary|url=http://system.gocampaign.com/files/file.asp?f=13224|publisher=]|date=December 2006|pages=2–1 (23/130)|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref> The airport currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations and about 45 percent of the airport's passengers begin or terminate (O&D) their journey at the airport.<ref>{{cite news |title=IAH, Fourth-Fastest Growing Airport in the World|first=Eric|last=Torbenson|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3858/0/0/0/0/|newspaper=]|date=June 14, 2006|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> Bush Intercontinental ranks first among the major United States airports with the highest on-time performance, according to a 2010 ] report.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Best On-Time Performance in the Nation, IAH|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3903174/0/83280D83283/|publisher=]|date=January 2, 2011|accessdate=January 2, 2011}}</ref> As of 2007, with 31 destinations in ], the airport offers service to more Mexican destinations than any other United States airport.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Houston Emerges As The Premier Gateway in the U.S. For Travelers To Mexico|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/8178/0/1906D1940/|publisher=]|date=April 12, 2005|accessdate=December 30, 2006}}</ref>


In October 2020, Southwest Airlines announced it would return to Bush airport for the first time since it stopped serving the airport in 2005. Service began in April 2021 with five nonstop destinations, augmenting the several dozen destinations it serves from Hobby airport.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2020/12/10/southwest-sets-start-date-for-iah-service.html |title=Southwest Airlines sets start date for George Bush Intercontinental Airport service |date=December 10, 2020 |website= The Business Journals|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> In 2024, however, Southwest suspended the service to Bush airport once again.
The ], located on the airport grounds at 16600 JFK Boulevard,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home|url=http://www.zhu.faa.gov/|publisher=]|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref> serves as the region's ].<ref>{{cite web |title=KIAH|url=http://www.airnav.com/airport/KIAH|publisher=Airnav|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Airportmap">{{cite web |title=Beat Map|url=http://www.houstontx.gov/police/pdfs/hpd_beat_map.pdf|publisher=]|accessdate=October 23, 2011}}</ref> The HAS administrative offices are also on the airport property.<ref name="Airportmap"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Contact Us|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/About|publisher=]|accessdate=October 23, 2011|quote=Houston Airport System 16930 JFK Boulevard Houston, Texas 77032}}</ref>


On July 20, 2022, ] crew base plans were cleared. It was also announced that Spirit will bring 500 new jobs to the Houston Area. They added Bush airport as their tenth crew base and Focus city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerbasich |first=Katie |date=2022-07-20 |title=Spirit Airlines brings 450 jobs to Houston with new crew base cleared for launch |url=https://abc13.com/spirit-airlines-jobs-iah-airport-flight-attendant-houston-pilot/12062885/ |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=ABC13 Houston |language=en}}</ref>
== Terminals==
There are three main entrances into IAH's terminal areas. John F. Kennedy Boulevard is the main north-south artery into the airport and intersects with Greens Road becoming an expressway leading to the terminals (by traveling east on Greens Road, one can access the nearby ] business and residential district). Will Clayton Parkway, which runs east to west, is another main road for IAH. ]/] (I-69/US&nbsp;59) is connected to IAH by Will Clayton Parkway. The Hardy Tollway Connector runs from west to east connecting JFK Boulevard to the ].


In 2020, George Bush Intercontinental Airport began undergoing a $1.3 billion capital improvement program called the IAH Terminal Redevelopment Program (ITRP).<ref name="Schafler">{{Cite web|last=Schafler|first=Kelly|date=2020-08-03|title=$1.3B airport plan could bring international business, construction jobs to Houston region|url=https://communityimpact.com/houston/lake-houston-humble-kingwood/development/2020/08/03/13b-airport-plan-could-bring-international-business-construction-jobs-to-houston-region/|access-date=2021-06-21|website=impact|language=English}}</ref> The flagship project of this program is the construction of the Mickey Leland International Terminal (MLIT), which will consolidate what is today Terminal D and Terminal E into one centralized terminal including a shared ticketing, departure, and arrival hall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bush Airport's Expansion Program Moves Forward {{!}} Houston Airport System|url=https://www.fly2houston.com/newsroom/articles/bush-airports-expansion-program-moves-forward|access-date=2021-06-21|website=www.fly2houston.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Terminal D will be extensively refurbished with a new concourse, Pier D West, being constructed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IAH Terminal Redevelopment Program (ITRP) Update|url=https://www.houstontx.gov/council/committees/econdev/20200617/ITRP.pdf}}</ref> The ITRP should be complete by late 2024 or early 2025. Future expansion plans call for a Central D and East D pier to be built as passenger numbers grow, with the full project being capable of handling 33 million enplaned international passengers annually.<ref name="Schafler"/>
The airport has a total of five terminals encompassing {{convert|250|acre|km2}},{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}<!--Acres--> with a {{convert|1.5|mi|km|adj=on}} distance from Terminal A to Terminal D.


=== Terminal A === ==Facilities==
===Terminals===
] ]
George Bush Intercontinental Airport has five terminals and 121 total gates. <ref name="IAHMap">{{cite web |title=Maps - Houston Airport System |url=https://iahmaps.fly2houston.com/?s=W3siaWQiOiJvbmxpbmUvaGVhZGVyT25saW5lIiwic2VhcmNoIjoiIiwiaXNTZWFyY2hDb25maXJtZWQiOmZhbHNlfSx7ImlkIjoib25saW5lL3BvaVZpZXcifSx7ImlkIjoib25saW5lL2dldERpcmVjdGlvbnNGcm9tVG8ifSx7ImlkIjoidmVudWVEYXRhTG9hZGVyIn0seyJpZCI6Im1hcFJlbmRlcmVyIiwidnAiOnsibGF0IjoyOS45ODA1MDAwMDAwMDAwMDYsImxuZyI6LTk1LjM0MDYsInpvb20iOjEzLjc5NTEzMzgyNzk5ODI0OCwiYmVhcmluZyI6MCwicGl0Y2giOjB9LCJvcmQiOjJ9XQ%3D%3D |access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> The ] automated people mover system provides ] connections between all five terminals.<ref>{{cite press release |title=$1.2 Billion in Improvements for Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/815936/0/1906D1940/ |publisher=Houston Airport System |date=April 7, 2008 |access-date=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224160039/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/815936/0/1906D1940/ |archive-date=December 24, 2008}}</ref> The ] provides ] connections between the five terminals and the airport hotel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Non–Secure Inter–Terminal Passenger Conveyance Alternatives |url=http://www.leaelliott.com/assets/files/40582-008-001.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512202805/http://www.leaelliott.com/assets/files/40582-008-001.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |publisher=Lea Elliot, Inc.|access-date=July 1, 2013}}</ref> Terminals D & E have access to an international arrivals facility, and Terminal D has gates to support ]s including the ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Baggage - Houston Airports System |url=https://www.fly2houston.com/iah/arrivals-term-d-e |access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref>
'''Terminal A''' was one of the original two terminals to open in 1969 and was designed by Goleman & Rolfe and George Pierce-Abel B. Pierce.<ref name="architecture"/> Like Terminal B, it originally had four circular modules (called "Flight Stations" locally) at the end of corridors radiating out of the corners of the terminal. However, in the late-1990s and early-2000s, the North and South Concourses were rebuilt into linear facilities which provide a smoother operation within the terminal. The project was completed in 2002 and was designed by ].<ref name="architecture">{{cite web |title=Terminal Approach|url=http://citemag.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/TerminalApproach1_Spieler_Cite67.pdf|date=March 2010|accessdate=June 11, 2012}}</ref> Terminal A has 20 gates, with 10 gates in the North Concourse<ref name="ProfileLeadingAirportTwoThousandSix">{{cite web |title=Profile of a Leading Airport|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/70514/0/1906D1934/|publisher=]|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> and 10 gates in the South Concourse.<ref>{{cite web |title=Terminal A Map|url=http://system.gocampaign.com/files/file.asp?f=21566|publisher=]|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref> Today the terminal handles all non-United domestic and Canada operations (including Air Canada Jazz commuter operations) and some United Express operations.


*'''Terminal A''' is primarily used by non-United domestic carriers. It contains 20 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" />
The food court areas are in the center of each concourse, near the departure gates. A small ] is found in the North concourse.
*'''Terminal B''' is used for ] flights. It contains 30 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" />
*'''Terminal C''' is used for United domestic flights. It contains 29 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" />
*'''Terminal D''' is used for non-United international flights. It contains 18 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" />
*'''Terminal E''' is used for United international flights. It contains 24 gates.<ref name="IAHMap" />


=== Terminal B === ===Ground transportation===
From ] one can travel to George Bush Intercontinental by taking ]/] (Eastex Freeway) to ] or to Will Clayton Parkway, and access the airport from either road. From Downtown one could also take ] (North Freeway), connect to Beltway 8, and enter the airport from the Beltway.<ref name="Simons">{{cite news |title=Airport Info Houston Intercontinental Airport|first=Janet|last=Simons |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&p_theme=rm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4DB7D8E995734&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |newspaper=] |location=Denver |date=October 11, 1992 |access-date=February 7, 2012 |pages=5T}}</ref> The Hardy Toll Road has an exit from the north or south to the airport.
]
'''Terminal B''' was also one of the original two terminals of the airport to open in 1969 and was also designed by Goleman & Rolfe and George Pierce-Abel B. Pierce.<ref name="architecture"/> It is mostly an unaltered terminal from its original design and is now used solely by United Express commuter flights. For this reason, the jet bridges are considerably lower to the ground than most others. There are 37 gates and 20 hardstand gates.<ref>{{cite web |title=Terminal B Map|url=http://system.gocampaign.com/files/file.asp?f=21567|publisher=]|accessdate=October 2, 2009}}</ref> The terminal serves all ] operations except for international arrivals. The terminal underwent minor renovations from 1997 to 2001, designed by ].<ref name="architecture"/> In 2011 the City of Houston announced that it would demolish the gate areas of Terminal B and rebuild them. The architect for the project is Pierce, Goodwin, Alexander & Linville.<ref>{{cite web |title=George Bush IAH Terminal B Southside Replacement|url=http://www.pgal.com/portfolio/george-bush-iah-terminal-b-southside-replacement/|publisher=Pierce, Goodwin, Alexander & Linville|accessdate=June 7, 2013}}</ref> The first phase of the terminal's renovation broke ground on January 23, 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part of Bush Airport Will Finally Get A Face-Lift|first=Jenalia|last=Moreno|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/continental/7576652.html|newspaper=]|date=May 23, 2011|accessdate=August 6, 2011}}</ref> Phase one of the project was completed in April 2013, and the first 15 gates of the new South Concourse opened for operations on May 21, 2013.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Terminal B South is Open for Business|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3921202/0/83280D83283/|publisher=]|date=June 4, 2013|accessdate=June 7, 2013}}</ref> The remaining gates have been completed and put in use as of 2014. This brings the total number of gates on the South Concourse to 30 (both types).


The ], or METRO, offers bus services available at the south side of Terminal C. The 102 Bush IAH Express serves the airport. Previously, METRO also operated an express bus service known as Airport Direct, launched in the summer of 2008, which traveled from ] to Terminal C via the ] of the Eastex Freeway ]/].<ref name="BushIAHGroundTransport">{{cite web |title=Ground Transportation |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/iah-ground-transportation |website=Fly2Houston.com |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |archive-date=April 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424222459/http://www.fly2houston.com/iah-Ground-Transportation |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Use METRO's Airport Direct to Get to/from Houston Intercontinental Airport |url=http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/apps/onepass/promotions/registrationDetails.aspx?promoCode=A6008 |website=] |access-date=January 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308042706/http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/apps/onepass/promotions/registrationDetails.aspx?promoCode=A6008 |archive-date=March 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=102 Bush IAH Express |website=RideMetro.org |url=http://www.ridemetro.org/MetroPDFs/Schedules/BusSchedules/n102-Bush-IAH-Express.pdf |publisher=] |date=August 17, 2015 |access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref> In 2010, in an effort to increase ridership and maximize revenue, METRO reduced the fare of Airport Direct and closed a dedicated passenger plaza for the service in Downtown Houston; instead, the bus stopped at several downtown hotels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro Cuts Fare and Reroutes Shuttle to IAH |first=Chris |last=Moran |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7327381.html |newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=December 6, 2010|access-date=December 7, 2010}}</ref> The fare each way was reduced from $15 to $4.50. The fare change increased ridership levels but reduced cash flow. METRO consistently provided the service at an operational loss.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro Airport Link Gets Riders, but Not Revenue |first=Carol |last=Christian |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7598504.html |newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=June 6, 2011|access-date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> However, in the summer of 2011, METRO announced it was discontinuing the Airport Direct service, while the Route 102 local service (which serves the greater ] business and residential district before traveling on I-45 to access downtown) continued to operate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro Moves to Eliminate Airport Direct Service |first=Carol|last=Christian |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7669918.html |newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=July 26, 2011|access-date=July 26, 2011}}</ref>
=== Terminal C ===
'''Terminal C ''' (also known as ] Terminal<ref>{{cite news |title=A Little on Lewis Cutrer|first=J. R.|last=Gonzales|url=http://blogs.chron.com/bayoucityhistory/2007/11/a_little_on_lewis_cutrer.html|newspaper=]|date=November 5, 2007|accessdate=January 17, 2009}}</ref>) was the third terminal to open at the airport following A and B in 1981. It was designed by the Houston firm of Airport Architects, a joint venture of Golemon & Rolfe Architects and Pierce and Pierce Architects.<ref name="architecture"/> It serves as United Airlines' main base of domestic operations. The airline operate two ]s in the terminal - by gate C33 in the South Concourse and by gate C24 in the North Concourse. Terminal C has 31 gates.<ref>{{cite web |title=Terminal C Map|url=http://system.gocampaign.com/files/file.asp?f=21568|publisher=]|accessdate=January 17, 2009}}</ref> The terminal includes the airport's interfaith chapel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Interfaith Chapel of Bush Intercontinental|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/iahChapel|publisher=]|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> The terminal underwent renovations from 2000 to 2005 and was designed by ].<ref name="architecture"/>


As of 2016 the Taiwanese airline EVA Air operates a shuttle bus service from Bush IAH to ] in the ] so DFW based customers may fly on its services to and from Houston.<ref>" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905090133/http://www.evaair.com/en-us/check-in-baggage-and-airports/shuttle-bus-service/dallas-houston-dallas-free-shuttle-service-schedule/ |date=September 5, 2015 }}." EVA Air. Retrieved February 29, 2016.</ref> Previously ], also a Taiwanese carrier, provided a shuttle bus service to ] and the ].<ref>"," ''China Airlines''</ref> It ended in 2008 when China Airlines ended its Houston passenger service.<ref name="Curtail">Hensel, Bill, Jr. "." '']''. January 11, 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2012.</ref>
=== Terminal D ===
]
'''Terminal D''' (also known as ] Terminal) opened in 1990 as the International Arrivals Building (IAB) and was later renamed the Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building. The US$95 million terminal was designed by Golemon and Folfe Architects, Pierce Goodwin Alexander, James L. Marshall Associates, and Molina and Associates,.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mickey Leland International Airlines Building/Architecture Strives for User Friendliness|first=Ann|last=Holmes|url=http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1990_702870/the-mickey-leland-international-airlines-building.html|newspaper=]|date=May 12, 1990|accessdate=June 11, 2012}}</ref>


Carriers provide scheduled bus and shuttle services to locations from IAH to ]/], ], ], ], the ], hotels in the ] and ] business districts, the city of ] and ]. Super Shuttle uses shared vans to provide services from George Bush Intercontinental Airport to the surrounding communities.<ref name="BushIAHGroundTransport" />
The IAB, equipped with a Federal Inspection Facility (FIS) and ] services, consolidated all international arrivals into one terminal. Since the opening of Terminal E/FIS, Terminal D now houses all non-United international flights except for United Express international arrivals. In Terminal D airlines share gates, ticket counters, and terminal equipment, making it a "common use" facility. It is the first "common use facility" to be established in the United States. The Terminal D food court is located in the departures area.<ref name="Simons">{{cite news |title=Airport Info Houston Intercontinental Airport|first=Janet|last=Simons|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&p_theme=rm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4DB7D8E995734&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|newspaper=]|location=Denver|date=October 11, 1992|accessdate=February 7, 2012|pages=5T}}</ref> In 2007 the airport authority began renovations in which 20 additional common-use ticket counters, upscale retail and restaurant shops, and new on-airport spa/beauty lounge will be added over the next few years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Preparing for Emirates|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/581800/0/1906D1934/|publisher=]|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>


===Artwork===
Terminal D has 12 gates and several international lounges, including two separate British Airways Galleries Lounges (First and Club), a Lufthansa Senator, a KLM Crown, an Air France, and an Executive Lounge for Singapore, Emirates, Qatar, and Lufthansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Terminal D Map|url=http://system.gocampaign.com/files/file.asp?f=21569|publisher=]|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref>
] member countries plus the ] titled "Light Spikes" located outside the airport entrance]]
]'s "Light Wings", a multicolored glass sculpture suspended below a skylight, adorns the Terminal A North Concourse.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Portfolio:North Concourse Sculpture|url=http://www.edcarpenter.net/portfolio/0305.html|publisher=]|date=June 1, 2001|access-date=December 30, 2006}}</ref> In Terminal A, South Concourse stands ]'s "Countree Music." Allen's piece is a cast bronze tree that plays instrumental music by ] and ], though the music is normally turned off. The corridor leading to Terminal A displays ]'s "Passing Through," a {{convert|200|ft|m|adj=on}} etched glass wall depicting airport travelers.<ref>{{cite press release|title=George Bush Intercontinental Airport Renovation|url=http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/httpwww.cachh.orgcivicartistprojectpagesproj_aviation_green.html|publisher=Houston Arts Alliance|date=June 1, 2001|access-date=December 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209021741/http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/httpwww.cachh.orgcivicartistprojectpagesproj_aviation_green.html|archive-date=February 9, 2007|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>


The elevators in Terminal B are cased in stainless steel accordion shaped structures designed by Rachel Hecker.<ref>{{cite press release|title=George Bush Intercontinental Airport Renovation|url=http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/proj_aviation_hecker.html|publisher=Houston Arts Alliance|date=June 1, 2001|access-date=December 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209021613/http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/proj_aviation_hecker.html|archive-date=February 9, 2007|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The corridor leading to Terminal B has ]'s "Houston Bayou." This work is composed of an {{convert|8|x|75|ft|m|abbr=on}} Byzantine glass mosaic mural depicting scenes from Houston's bayous and wetlands, several bronze animals embedded in the floor, and five mosaic columns.
On June 18, 2014, Houston City Council unanimously passed a memorandum of agreement establishing plans to demolish the existing Terminal D building and construct a new facility on the same site.<ref name="NewD">{{cite news|title=Houston City Council approves plan for new international terminal at Bush IAH|url=http://www.click2houston.com/news/houston-city-council-approves-plan-for-new-international-terminal-at-bush-iah/26573616|date=June 19, 2014}}</ref> Plans call for the terminal to have gates for 15 large wide-body jets, including four Airbus A380 capable gates, as well as a more open design and modern appearance. Construction on Terminal D will not start until the Terminal B North Concourse Project is finished in 2017.


"Lights Spikes," designed by Jay Baker, was created for the 1990 ] Summit when it was hosted by President George H. W. Bush in Houston. The sculpture was relocated to the airport outside E Terminal after the meetings, from its original location in front of the ]. The columns lean at a ten-degree angle toward a central point that represents Houston. The distance between each "spike" and this point is relative to the distance between Houston and the capitals of the countries the flags represent. The countries represented are the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Canada, Italy and Germany, as well as the European community.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airport Art |url=http://www.fly2houston.com/AirportArt |website=Fly2Houston.com |publisher=Houston Airport System |access-date=April 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423231724/http://fly2houston.com/airportArt |archive-date=April 23, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The airport has a display of lighted modern sculptures between terminals C and D.<ref name="Simons"/>
=== Terminal E ===
]
'''Terminal E''' is IAH's newest terminal, and houses United's international operations and some domestic operations. The terminal was designed by Corgan Associates and Spencer Partnership Architects,<ref name="architecture"/> and it opened in two phases. The first phase opened in 2002 with 14 gates, and the second phase added 16 gates in 2003 for a total of 30.<ref>{{cite web |title=Terminal E Map|url=http://system.gocampaign.com/files/file.asp?f=21570|publisher=]|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref> United operates one large, 3-floor, United Club in Terminal E between Gates E11 and E12. Originally Continental (before merging with United) used the terminal solely for domestic flights, but relocated its international services to the new terminal after the new Federal Inspection Service (FIS) building opened. The terminal was designed for maximum flexibility, with jetways that were able to handle any aircraft. Currently, all United international mainline flights arrive at Terminal E while all ] international flights arrive at Terminals D and E, then depart out of Terminal B. In addition to international flights, some larger United domestic mainline flights also operate out of the terminal.


'']'', LED-illuminated towers on JFK Boulevard, is the most prominent sculpture around the airport.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hardy|first1=Michael|date=October 10, 2013|title=SLIDESHOW: New IAH Art|url=https://www.houstoniamag.com/arts-and-culture/2013/10/slideshow-the-art-of-flight-october-2013|journal=]|access-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref>
==Airlines and destinations==


===Other facilities===
The airport houses an on-site hotel, a ], between Terminals B and C and is accessible via the landside inter-terminal train which runs every 3 minutes from 3:30&nbsp;am to 12:30&nbsp;am every day. The hotel has 573 rooms, one restaurant and bar, a concierge lounge, a coffee shop, health club, sundry shop and a conference center.<ref>{{cite web |title=Houston Airport Marriott at George Bush Intercontinental |url=http://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/iahap-houston-airport-marriott-at-george-bush-intercontinental/ |website=Marriott |access-date=August 24, 2015}}</ref>

A ] station, identified as IAH, is located on the airport property, south of runway 33L.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airnav.com/airport/KIAH |title=AirNav: George Bush Intercontinental/Houston Airport |access-date=July 16, 2020 }}</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==
===Passenger=== ===Passenger===
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{{Airport destination list| 3rdcoltitle = Terminal
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| ] |'''Seasonal''': ], ] | D
| ] | ], ] | D | {{nowrap|]}} | ] | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aeromexico.com/en-us/book/options?itinerary=IAH_MEX_2021-04-14.MEX_IAH_2021-04-23&leg=1&travelers=A1_C0_I0_PH0_PC0|title=Houston, TX - G. Bush to Mexico City|website=aeromexico.com}}</ref>
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| {{nowrap|]}} | ], ] |<ref name="AeroméxicoRoutes">{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url=https://booking.aeromexico.com/SSW2010/D5DE/flightSchedulePage.html?_ga=1.18768702.686413547.1491325115|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=April 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406022455/https://booking.aeromexico.com/SSW2010/D5DE/flightSchedulePage.html?_ga=1.18768702.686413547.1491325115|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| ] | ] | D
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| ] | ], ], ] |<ref name="Air Canada Flight Schedules">{{cite web|url=https://www.aircanada.com/ca/en/aco/home/book/routes-and-partners/flight-schedules.html|title=Flight Schedules|publisher=Air Canada}}</ref>
| ] | ] | A
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| ] | ] (begins June 12, 2015)<ref>http://airlineroute.net/2014/12/11/nh-s15update1/</ref>| D
| ] | ] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airfrance.ca/CA/en/local/resainfovol/horaires/horaires.do|title=Air France flight schedule|website=Air France|publisher=Air France-KLM|location=Paris}}</ref>
| ] | ], ], ] | A
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| ] | ] |<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight Timetables - Flight information|url=https://www.airnewzealand.com/flight-schedules|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>
| ] | ]<br>'''Seasonal''': ] | D
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| ] | ] |<ref name="AlaskaRoutes">{{cite news|title=Flight Timetable|newspaper=Alaska Airlines|url=https://www.alaskaair.com/content/travel-info/timetables.aspx|access-date=18 March 2018|last1=Airlines|first1=Alaska}}</ref>
| ] | ], ]<br>'''Seasonal''': ], ] | A
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| ] | ] |<ref>{{cite web|title=Timetables |url=https://www.ana.co.jp/en/us/book-plan/airinfo/timetable/international/|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
| ] | ] | D
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| ] | ] (begins June 19, 2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2014/12/08/br-iah-jun15/|title=EVA Air to Start Houston Service from late-June 2015}}</ref> | D
| ] | ], ], ] <br>'''Seasonal''': ] (begins April 30, 2015)<ref>http://www.flyfrontier.com/specials/online-deals/new-mrkts3[</ref> | A | ] | ], ], ], ], ], ] |<ref name="AmericanRoutes">{{cite web|title=Flight schedules and notifications|url=https://www.aa.com/travelInformation/flights/schedule|access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref>
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| {{nowrap|]}} | ] |<ref>{{cite web|title=Check itineraries|url=https://www.avianca.com/sv/en/electronic-services/check-itineraries|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=March 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305142643/https://www.avianca.com/sv/en/electronic-services/check-itineraries|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| ] | ] | D
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| ] | ] | D
| ] | ] |<ref>{{cite web|title=British Airways - Timetables|url=https://www.britishairways.com/travel/schedules/public/en_us|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>
| {{nowrap|]}}<br/>{{nowrap|operated by ]}} | ] | D
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| ] | ], ] | D
| ] | ], ], ], ], ], ] |<ref name="DeltaRoutes">{{cite web|title=Flight Schedules|url=https://www.delta.com/flightinfo/viewFlightSchedulesSetup.action|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>
| {{nowrap|]}}<br/>{{nowrap|operated by ]}} | '''Charter''': ] | D
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| ] | ], ] (begins March 27, 2015), ] (begins May 7, 2015), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (begins May 28, 2015), ], ] (begins April 16, 2015), ], ], ] (begins May 28, 2015), ] (begins May 28, 2015), ]&nbsp;(begins&nbsp;May&nbsp;28,&nbsp;2015), ] <br>'''Seasonal''': ], ] (begins May 7, 2015), ] (begins May 7, 2015)<ref>http://www.chron.com/business/article/Spirit-Airlines-to-add-10-new-nonstop-flights-at-5893355.php</ref> | A, D
| ] | ] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emirates.com/ca/english/destinations_offers/timetables/flightschedule.aspx|title=Flight Schedules|publisher=Emirates}}</ref>
| ] | ] | D
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| ]| ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (begins June 6, 2015), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]<br>'''Seasonal''': ], ], ], ], ], ], ]&nbsp;(begins&nbsp;July&nbsp;2,&nbsp;2015),<ref>http://www.united.com/web/en-US/apps/travel/timetable/results.aspx?Origin=IAH&Destination=MSP&Date=7/2/2015&Time=%20&NonStop=True&NumFlight=50&FLN=</ref> ], ] (begins July 2, 2015), ], ]&nbsp;(begins&nbsp;June&nbsp;6,&nbsp;2015),<ref>http://airlineroute.net/2015/02/08/ua-plsstt-jun15//</ref> ] |C, E
| ] | ] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://booking.evaair.com/flyeva/EVA/B2C/flight-schedules.aspx|title=Timetables |publisher=EVA Air}}</ref>
| ]| ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]<br>'''Seasonal''': ], ], ], ] (begins June 6, 2015)<ref>http://airlineroute.net/2015/02/08/ua-plsstt-jun15//</ref> | E
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| ] | ], ] (ends April 21, 2025),<ref>https://aviationa2z.com/index.php/2024/12/20/frontier-airlines-cut-some-routes-launched-in-2024/</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] <br />'''Seasonal:''' ] (resumes May 22, 2025),<ref>https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2024/12/23/frontier-cut-cvg-routes-boston-houston-will-return.html</ref> ], ], ] (begins March 6, 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Frontier Airlines 1Q25 Various Network Resumptions |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/241120-f91q25 |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref> |<ref name="FrontierRoutes">{{cite web|title=Frontier|url=https://www.flyfrontier.com|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
| ] | ], ], ] | A
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| ] | '''Seasonal''': ] | A
| ] | ], ] (ends June 12, 2025)<ref>https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/241210-b6ns25cxld</ref> |<ref name="JetBlueRoutes">{{cite web|title=JetBlue Airlines Timetable|url=https://b6.innosked.com/(S(ke2am3wxgiegj0zs1pxotirq))/default.aspx|access-date=6 December 2024|archive-date=July 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713064749/http://b6.innosked.com/(S(52udsaj2thvywnmtihsndo55))/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| {{nowrap|]}}<br/>{{nowrap|operated by ]}} | '''Seasonal''': ] (begins May 24, 2015)<ref>http://www.fly2houston.com/0/3922337/0/83280D83283/</ref> | D
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|] | ] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.klm.com/travel/ca_en/prepare_for_travel/up_to_date/timetable/index.htm|title=View the Timetable|publisher=KLM|access-date=March 19, 2018|archive-date=September 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011516/https://www.klm.com/travel/ca_en/prepare_for_travel/up_to_date/timetable/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| ] | ] | D
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| ] | ] (begins September 8, 2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=WestJet Plans New Domestic Routes and Calgary – Houston Service in S15|url=http://airlineroute.net/2015/01/19/ws-yyc-s15/|website=AirlineRoute|accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref>| A
| ] | ] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lufthansa.com/ca/en/Online-timetable|title=Timetable - Lufthansa Canada|publisher=Lufthansa|access-date=March 19, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109191434/http://www.lufthansa.com/ca/en/Online-timetable|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| ] | ] |<ref name="QatarRoutes">{{cite web|title=Flight timetable|url=https://booking.qatarairways.com/nsp/views/timeTableIndex.xhtml|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>
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| ] | ], ] (both end April 1, 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore Airlines Drops Manchester-Houston Route|url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airports-networks/singapore-airlines-drops-manchester-houston-route|website=aviationweek|access-date=12 August 2024}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight schedules|url=https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/plan-and-book/your-booking/flightschedule/|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>
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| ] | ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] |<ref name="SpiritRoutes">{{cite web|title=Where We Fly|url=https://www.spirit.com/RouteMaps.aspx|publisher=Spirit Airlines|access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref>
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| ] | ] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turkishairlines.com/en-us/flights/|title=Online Flight Schedule|publisher=Turkish Airlines}}</ref>
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| ] | ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (resumes May 22, 2025),<ref>{{cite web |title=United Resumes 2 Edmonton Routes From late-May 2025 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/241125-uamay25yeg |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref> ], ], ], ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2023/11/30/united-airlines-new-service-iah-georgetown-guyana.html|title=United Airlines unveils first-ever nonstop service from Houston's IAH to Georgetown, Guyana|website=Houston Business Journal|last=Gonzales|first=Sofia|date=Nov 30, 2023}}</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ],<ref>https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240628-uanw24mde {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ],<ref name=UALTUL>{{cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/united-debuts-direct-flights-between-us-and-tulum-301992131.html|title=United Debuts Direct Flights Between U.S. and Tulum|language=English|date=November 17, 2023|accessdate=November 17, 2023}}</ref> ], ], ]<br />'''Seasonal:''' ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] |<ref name="UnitedRoutes">{{cite web|title=Timetable|url=https://www.united.com/web/en-US/apps/travel/timetable/default.aspx|access-date=June 11, 2024|archive-date=January 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128165254/https://www.united.com/web/en-US/apps/travel/timetable/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| ] | ], ], ]<br />'''Seasonal:''' ], ] |<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Destination|url=https://www.vivaaerobus.com/en/destinations/all-destinations|access-date=March 17, 2018}}</ref>
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| ] | ], ], ] (begins March 30, 2025)<ref name=VOIUSA>{{cite web|url=https://aviacionline.com/2024/10/volaris-lanza-cuatro-nuevas-rutas-a-estados-unidos-desde-monterrey/|title=Volaris launches four new routes to the United States from Monterrey|language=Spanish|website=Aviacionline|date=October 2024|accessdate=October 12, 2024}}</ref> |<ref name="VolarisRoutes" />
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| ] | ] |<ref name="VolarisRoutes">{{cite web|title=Volaris Flight Schedule|url=http://cms.volaris.com/en/travel-with-volaris/flight-information/complete-timetable-of-our-flights/|access-date=April 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227151536/http://cms.volaris.com/en/travel-with-volaris/flight-information/complete-timetable-of-our-flights/|archive-date=February 27, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| ] | ] |<ref name="WestJetRoutes">{{cite web|title=Flight schedules|url=https://www.westjet.com/en-ca/travel-info/flight-info/flight-schedules|access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref>
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| ] | ] (begins March 5, 2025)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/226129/ZIPAIR-to-Launch-Flights-between-Houston-and-Tokyo-Narita-Expanding-International-Network-in-North-America|title=ZIPAIR to Launch Flights between Houston and Tokyo Narita Expanding International Network in North America|website=newsfile|date=October 10, 2024|access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipair.net/en/about|title=Zipair Basic Information|work=]|access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref>
}} }}


=== Other services === ===Cargo===
{{More citations needed section|date=December 2023}}{{Airport destination list | 3rdcoltitle = Refs | 3rdcolunsortable=yes
] offers a thrice-weekly charter service to ], Angola on behalf of ]. ] replaced ] in June 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Atlas Air Starts the "Houston Express"|first=Bruce|last=Drum|url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/worldairlinenews/archives/208729.asp|newspaper=]|date=June 2, 2010|accessdate=June 2, 2010}}</ref> These charter flights are intended to service companies operating in the oil industry in Angola which are members of the US/Africa Energy Association (USAEA).<ref>{{cite web |title=Houston Express|url=http://www.sonairsarl.com/houstonExpress_en.shtml|publisher=SonAir|date=November 6, 2000|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
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| ] | ], ] |<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/231123-lhcnw23svg|title=Lufthansa Cargo begins A321 Stavanger Freighter Service|accessdate=November 27, 2023}}</ref>
] offers thrice-daily bus service to ], which replaced its air service on July 1, 2012.
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| ] | ], ] |
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| ] | ], ], ], ], ] |
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| ] | ], ] |
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| ] | ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] |<ref>{{cite web|title=Atlas Air Schedule|url=http://jumpseat.atlasair.com/travel/schedule.asp|website=]|access-date=December 19, 2023|archive-date=August 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813134854/http://jumpseat.atlasair.com/travel/schedule.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| {{nowrap|]}} | ] |
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| ] | ], ] |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/freighter-operator/cal-to-add-new-houston-call-as-it-targets-oil-and-gas/|title=CAL to add new Houston call as it targets oil and gas|date=June 19, 2019}}</ref>
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| ] | ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] |
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| ] | ], ], ], ] |
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| ] | ], ], ] |
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| ] | ], ], ] |
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| ] | ], ], ], ], ], ] |
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| ] | ], ], ], ], ] |
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| ] | ] |
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| ] | ], ] |
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| ] | ], ] |
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| ] | ], ], ], ], ] |
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| ] | ], ], ] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/276359/turkish-cargo-adds-7-destinations-in-jan-2018/|title=Turkish Cargo adds 7 destinations in Jan 2018}}</ref>
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| ] | ], ], ], ], ], ] |
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}}


==Statistics== ==Statistics==
===Top destinations===
]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
] parked at a Terminal E gate]]
|+Busiest Domestic Routes from IAH (January 2023 – December 2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=Houston, TX: George Bush Intercontinental/Houston (IAH)|url=https://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?20=E&Nv42146=VNU&Nv42146_anzr=U175610,%20gk:%20Tr14tr%20O75u%20V06r4p106v0r06ny/U175610&pn44vr4=SNPgf|publisher=]|access-date=March 25, 2024}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" width=align=
|+ '''Busiest international routes from Houston Intercontinental (2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. International Air Passenger and Freight Statistics Report|url=http://www.dot.gov/policy/aviation-policy/us-international-air-passenger-and-freight-statistics-report|publisher=]|date=April 28, 2014|accessdate=April 28, 2014}}</ref>
|- |-
! Rank ! Rank
Line 200: Line 304:
! Carriers ! Carriers
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| 1
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"|799,000
| 697,156
| Aeromexico, United | American, Spirit, United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| 2
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"|793,000
| 561,845
| Aeromexico, United | Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| 3
| ]
| ]
| style="text-align:center;"|709,000
| 557,362
| British Airways, United | Delta, Spirit, United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| 4
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"|668,000
| 452,250
| Lufthansa, United | American, Spirit, United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| 5
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"|627,000
| 416,465
| Air Canada, United | Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| 6
| ]
| ]
| style="text-align:center;"|607,000
| 310,068
| KLM, United | American, United, Frontier, Spirit
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
| 7
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"|580,000
| 305,956
| Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| ]
| style="text-align:center;"|571,000
| Spirit, United
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| ]
| style="text-align:center;"|554,000
| United | United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| 8
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"|462,000
| 250,847
| American, Delta, Spirit, United
| United, VivaAerobus
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|+Busiest International Routes from IAH (January 2023 – December 2023)<ref name="internationalreport">{{cite web|title=BTS Air Carriers : T-100 International Market (All Carriers)|url=http://www.transtats.bts.gov/DL_SelectFields.asp?Table_ID=260|access-date=June 13, 2019}}</ref>
|- |-
! Rank
| 9
! City
| ]
! Passengers
| 234,525
! Carriers
| Air Canada, United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| 10
| ] | {{flagicon|Mexico}} ]
| style="text-align:center;"|888,909
| 226,065
| Aeroméxico, United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris
| United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| 11
| ] | {{flagicon|Mexico}} ]
| style="text-align:center;"|838,138
| 210,997
| Avianca El Salvador, United | Frontier, Spirit, Sun Country, United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| 12
| ] | {{flagicon|El Salvador}} ]
| style="text-align:center;"|775,279
| 197,449
| Avianca El Salvador, Spirit, United, Volaris El Salvador
| United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| 13
| ] | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ]
| style="text-align:center;" |506,698
| 183,367
| British Airways, United
| Emirates
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;" |5
| 14
| ] | {{flagicon|Mexico}} ]
| style="text-align:center;"|463,065
| 173,103
| United | Spirit, United, Viva Aerobus
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;" |6
| 15
| {{flagicon|Germany}} ]
| ]
| style="text-align:center;" |363,478
| 170,283
| United | Lufthansa, United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;" |7
| 16
| ] | {{flagicon|Guatemala}} ]
| style="text-align:center;" |344,208
| 195,156
| United | Spirit, United
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;" |8
| 17
| ] | {{flagicon|Mexico}} ]
| style="text-align:center;" |328,830
| 167,809
| United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris
| Qatar Airways
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| 18
| ] | {{flagicon|Canada}} ]
| style="text-align:center;"|303,679
| 157,946
| United | United, WestJet
|- |-
| style="text-align:center;" |10
| 19
| ] | {{flagicon|Canada}} ]
| style="text-align:center;" |289,238
| 153,597
| United | Air Canada, United
|-
| 20
| ]
| 151,415
| Air France
|} |}


===Airline market share===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"
|+ '''Busiest domestic routes from Houston Intercontinental''' (December 2013 - November 2014)<ref>{{cite web |title=Houston, TX: George Bush Intercontinental/Houston (IAH)|url=http://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?pn=1&Airport=IAH|publisher=]|date=April 26, 2014|accessdate=February 2, 2015}}</ref>
|+ '''Largest airlines at IAH <br />(January 2023 - December 2023)'''<ref name="flyhouston.com">{{cite web | url=https://fly2houston.com/newsroom/media-kit/traffic-and-statistics | title=flyhouston}}</ref>
|- |-
! Rank ! Rank
! City ! Airline
! Passengers ! Passengers
! Share
! Top carriers
|- |-
|1 | 1
| ]
| ]
| 730,810 | 33,387,750
| 72.28%
| American, Spirit, United, US Airways
|- |-
|2 | 2
| ]
| ]
| 704,300 | 2,931,004
| 6.35%
| Frontier, Spirit, United
|- |-
|3 | 3
| ]
| ]
| 651,130 | 2,179,192
| 4.72%
| American, Spirit, United
|- |-
|4 | 4
| ]
| ]
| 1,967,765
|507,980
| 4.26%
| American, United
|- |-
| 5 | 5
| ]
| ]
| 500,000 | 1,189,075
| United | 2.57%
|- |-
|6 | 6
| Other Airlines
| ]
| 479,970 | 4,537,713
| United | 9.82%
|}

===Annual traffic===
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=IAH}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%"
|+ Annual passenger traffic (enplaned + deplaned) at IAH, 2002–Present<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fly2houston.com/newsroom/media-kit/traffic-and-statistics|title=IAH Airport Annual Passengers 2002-Present Via Houston Airport System (HAS) Statistics Dashboard|website=fly2houston.com|accessdate= June 22, 2024}}</ref>
! Year
! Passengers
! % Change
! Year
! Passengers
! % Change
! Year
! Passengers
! % Change
|- |-
|2002||33,913,759||—||2012||39,890,756||{{decrease}}{{0}}0.7%||2022||40,979,422||{{increase}}{{0}}21.7%
|7
| ]
| 455,150
| Spirit, United
|- |-
|2003||34,208,217||{{increase}}{{0}}0.9%||2013||39,799,414||{{decrease}}{{0}}0.2%||2023||'''46,192,499'''||{{increase}}{{0}}12.7%
|8
| ]
| 470,060
| Delta, United, Spirit
|- |-
|2004||36,513,098||{{increase}}{{0}}6.7%||2014||41,257,384||{{increase}}{{0}}3.7%
|9
| ]
| 426,333
| United, US Airways
|- |-
|2005||39,716,583||{{increase}}{{0}}8.8%||2015||43,023,224||{{increase}}{{0}}4.3%
|10
|-
| ]
|2006||42,550,432||{{increase}}{{0}}7.1%||2016||41,692,372||{{decrease}}{{0}}3.1%
| 421,730
|-
| Spirit, United
|2007||42,998,040||{{increase}}{{0}}1.1%||2017||40,372,190||{{decrease}}{{0}}2.3%
|- |-
|2008||41,708,580||{{decrease}}{{0}}3.0%||2018||43,807,720||{{increase}}{{0}}7.6%
|-
|2009||40,007,354||{{decrease}}{{0}}4.1%||2019||45,276,595||{{increase}}{{0}}3.4%
|-
|2010||40,479,569||{{increase}}{{0}}1.2%||2020||18,217,426||{{decrease}}{{0}}59.8%
|-
|2011||40,187,442||{{decrease}}{{0}}0.7%||2021||33,677,118||{{increase}}{{0}}84.9%
|} |}


==Accidents and incidents==
== Terminal transportation ==
*February 1, 1975: a ] N15HC of Horizon Properties crashed on approach when the port wing collided with an electricity pylon. The aircraft was on a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight from ], Oklahoma, to ], Texas. The flight was diverted to Houston for weather. Of the 16 occupants,<ref name=ASN010275a>{{cite web |title=Accident description|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19750201-0|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=August 19, 2010}}</ref> two crew and three passengers were killed.<ref name=FI240476>{{cite web |title=Flight International|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%200724.html?tracked=1|page=1090|work=FlightGlobal|date=April 24, 1976|access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
] train that runs between terminals.]]
*August 23, 1990: a ] operated by Rowan Drilling Company; power loss in an engine after take-off resulted in a failed attempt to regain altitude en route to ]. The aircraft crashed on departure from Runway 15L and came to rest midfield along a parallel taxiway. There were three fatalities.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Grumman G-159 Gulfstream I N80RD Houston–Intercontinental Airport, TX (IAH)|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19900823-0|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|date=August 23, 1990|access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
An above ground train called ] connects Terminals A, B, C, D, E and the International Arrivals Building (IAB) for those with connecting flights in different terminals and provides sterile airside connections. This allows passengers to travel within the airport without having to re-enter security. TerminaLink has four stops: Terminal A, Terminal B, Terminal C, and Terminals D/E including the IAB. The airport has expanded the line to Terminal A at a cost of US $100&nbsp;million. Construction began on the extension in early 2008 and was completed in 2010.<ref>{{cite press release |title=$1.2 Billion in Improvements for Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/815936/0/1906D1940/|publisher=]|date=April 7, 2008|accessdate=April 28, 2013|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20081224160039/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/815936/0/1906D1940/|archivedate=December 24, 2008}}</ref>
*On September 11, 1991, ] was on descent to the airport when it suffered a structural failure because of improper maintenance, killing all 14 people on board.
*February 19, 1996: a Continental Airlines ] operating as Continental Airlines Flight 1943 from ], arriving in Houston, landed with its landing gear in the stowed position on Runway 27. The aircraft slid for {{convert|6915|ft|m}} on its belly before stopping on the runway {{convert|140|ft|m}} left of the runway centerline approximately at the departure end of the runway. There were no fatalities and only minor injuries. The aircraft was written off.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 N10556 Houston–Intercontinental Airport, TX (IAH)|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19960219-0 |website=Aviation Safety Network |date=February 19, 1996 |access-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
*January 13, 1998, a ] operated by American Corporate Aviation crashed {{convert|2|mi}} east of IAH descending below the glideslope. Both occupants were killed.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=19980113-2|title=N627WS|wikibase=no}}</ref>
*February 23, 2019: ], a Boeing 767-300ERF operated for ] crashed into ] while on approach, {{convert|30|mi}} southeast of the airport. All three crewmembers were killed.


==References==
An underground ] outside of the sterile zone connects all five terminals and the airport hotel which can be accessed by all. This system is based on the ] technology developed by the Walt Disney Company.<ref>{{cite web |title=Non–Secure Inter–Terminal Passenger Conveyance Alternatives|url=http://www.leaelliott.com/assets/files/40582-008-001.PDF|publisher=Lea Elliot, Inc.|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref>
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
In addition ] has started a VIP terminal transportation service for elite status customers, using ] vehicles.<ref>"." () '']''. July 17, 2013. Retrieved on July 18, 2013.</ref>
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Commons category|George Bush Intercontinental Airport}}
*
*
* {{FAA-diagram|05461}}


== Hotels ==
The airport houses an on-site hotel, a ], between Terminals B and C and is accessible via the inter-terminal train. The hotel has 566 rooms, two restaurants, a cocktail lounge, a coffee shop and a conference center.<ref>{{cite web |title=Restaurants Near Houston Airport|url=http://www.marriott.com/hotels/hotel-information/restaurant/iahap-houston-airport-marriott-at-george-bush-intercontinental/|publisher=]|date=March 21, 2011|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
The hotel is currently undergoing a total hotel renovation, set to be completed in December of 2015. There will be a new lobby, restaurant and bar, and all new sleeping rooms.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Feser|first1=Katherine|title=Houston Airport Marriott lands a makeover|url=http://blog.chron.com/primeproperty/2015/03/houston-airport-marriott-lands-a-makeover/#30916101=0|accessdate=13 March 2015|work=Houston Chronicle|date=March 2, 2015}}</ref>


{{US-airport|IAH}}
== Ground transportation ==
]

=== Automobile ===
From ] one can travel to George Bush Intercontinental by taking ]/] (Eastex Freeway) to ] or to Will Clayton Parkway, and access the airport from either road. From Downtown one could also take ] (North Freeway), connect to Beltway 8, and enter the airport from the Beltway.<ref name="Simons"/> The Hardy Toll Road has an exit from the north or south to the airport.

=== Bus ===
The ], or METRO, offers bus service available at the south side of Terminal C. The 102 Bush IAH Express serves the airport. Previously, METRO also operated an express bus service known as Airport Direct, launched in the summer of 2008, which traveled from ] to Terminal C via the ] of the Eastex Freeway ]/].<ref name="BushIAHGroundTransport">{{cite web |title=Ground Transportation|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/iah-ground-transportation|publisher=]|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Use METRO's Airport Direct to Get to/from Houston Intercontinental Airport|url=http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/apps/onepass/promotions/registrationDetails.aspx?promoCode=A6008|publisher=]|accessdate=January 12, 2009|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090308042706/http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/apps/onepass/promotions/registrationDetails.aspx?promoCode=A6008|archivedate=March 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=102 Bush IAH|url=http://www.ridemetro.org/SchedulesMaps/Pdfs/102-iah.pdf|publisher=]|accessdate=January 12, 2009}}</ref> In 2010, in an effort to increase ridership and maximize revenue, METRO reduced the fare of Airport Direct and closed a dedicated passenger plaza for the service in Downtown Houston; instead, the bus stopped at several downtown hotels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro Cuts Fare and Reroutes Shuttle to IAH|first=Chris|last=Moran|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7327381.html|newspaper=]|date=December 6, 2010|accessdate=December 7, 2010}}</ref> The fare each way was reduced from $15 to $4.50. The fare change increased ridership levels but decreased cash flow. METRO consistently provided the service at an operational loss.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro Airport Link Gets Riders, but Not Revenue|first=Carol|last=Christian|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7598504.html|newspaper=]|date=June 6, 2011|accessdate=June 6, 2011}}</ref> However, in the summer of 2011, METRO announced that it was discontinuing the Airport Direct service, while the Route 102 local service (which serves the greater ] business and residential district before traveling on I-45 to access downtown) continued to operate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro Moves to Eliminate Airport Direct Service|first=Carol|last=Christian|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7669918.html|newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=July 26, 2011|accessdate=July 26, 2011}}</ref>

=== Courtesy vans ===
Courtesy vans are operated by various hotels and motels in and around the Houston Area. There are ]s in the baggage claim areas to request pick-up for most hotels and motels.<ref name="BushIAHGroundTransport"/>

=== Shuttle service ===
Regularly scheduled bus and shuttle service is provided by various carriers to locations from IAH to ]/], ], ], ], the ], hotels in the ] and ] business districts, the city of ] and ]. Super Shuttle also provides service from George Bush Intercontinental Airport to the surrounding communities via shared vans.<ref name="BushIAHGroundTransport"/>

=== Taxi ===
Taxis can be hailed through the Ground Transportation employees outside each terminal. All destinations within Houston's city limits to/from Bush Intercontinental Airport are charged according to the flat Zone Rate or the meter rate.<ref name="BushIAHGroundTransport"/> Within a 15-minute cab ride, one can access ] in ] and the ] ]. Within a 45-minute cab ride, one can access the ], ], and the city arboretum.<ref name="Simons"/>

Taxi drivers at Bush airport wait longer to be dispatched for pickups of passengers than drivers at other airports in major U.S. cities. Josh Harkinson of the '']'' said "Houston cabbies can easily wait six hours." The lives of many taxi drivers working at the airport revolve around the airport's taxi lot, nicknamed "Cabbieville." Taxi drivers servicing the airport come from many countries around the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cabbieville|first=Josh|last=Harkinson|url=http://www.houstonpress.com/2005-09-22/news/cabbieville/|newspaper=]|date=September 22, 2005|accessdate=October 8, 2009}}</ref>

== Artwork ==
] member countries plus the ] titled "Light Spikes" located outside the airport entrance]]
]'s "Light Wings", a multicolored glass sculpture suspended below a sky light, adorns the Terminal A North Concourse.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Portfolio:North Concourse Sculpture|url=http://www.edcarpenter.net/portfolio/0305.html|publisher=]|date=June 1, 2001|accessdate=December 30, 2006}}</ref> In Terminal A, South Concourse stands ]'s "Countree Music." Allen's piece is a cast bronze tree that plays instrumental music by ] and ], though the music is normally turned off. The corridor leading to Terminal A displays ]'s "Passing Through," a {{convert|200|ft|m|adj=on}} etched glass wall depicting airport travelers.<ref>{{cite press release|title=George Bush Intercontinental Airport Renovation|url=http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/httpwww.cachh.orgcivicartistprojectpagesproj_aviation_green.html|publisher=Houston Arts Alliance|date=June 1, 2001|accessdate=December 30, 2006}}</ref>

The elevators in Terminal B are cased in stainless steel accordion shaped structures designed by .<ref>{{cite press release|title=George Bush Intercontinental Airport Renovation|url=http://www.cachh.org/civic/artistprojectpages/proj_aviation_hecker.html|publisher=Houston Arts Alliance|date=June 1, 2001|accessdate=December 30, 2006}}</ref> The corridor leading to Terminal B has ]'s "Houston Bayou." This work is composed of an {{convert|8|x|75|ft|m|abbr=on}} Byzantine glass mosaic mural depicting scenes from Houston's bayous and wetlands, several bronze animals embedded in the floor, and five mosaic columns.

Lights Spikes , shown in the photo, was created for the 1990 ] Summit when it was hosted by President George H. W. Bush in Houston. The sculpture was relocated to the airport outside of E Terminal after the meetings from its original location in front of the ].

The distance between each "spike" and this point is relative to the distance between Houston and the capital of the country the flags represent. The countries represented are the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Canada, Italy and Germany, as well as the European community and the columns lean at a ten-degree angle toward a central point that represents Houston.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airport Art|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/AirportArt|publisher=]|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> The airport has a display of lighted modern sculptures between terminals C and D.<ref name="Simons"/>

== Freight ==
George Bush Intercontinental ranks as the 12th-largest gateway in the United States in terms of international air cargo moved. The facility moved 389,075 metric tons of cargo in 2010.<ref name="fly2houston1"/>

In January 2003, the ] decided to create a new 125 million dollar, 550,000 square feet (51,095 square meters), called the George Bush Intercontinental CargoCenter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Air Cargo|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/iah-Air-Cargo|publisher=]|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref>

The facility can handle up to 20 widebody aircraft at one time and has expanded to an operational area of {{convert|880000|ft2|m2|abbr=on}} over the last five years. The CargoCenter has its own separate Federal Inspection Facitilty (FIS) that houses Customs, ] (USCIS), ], and ].<ref>{{cite press release|title=A Jewel for Cargo Handlers Far and Wide|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/16031/0/1906D1934/|publisher=]|date=September 12, 2006|accessdate=April 28, 2013|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20101217165407/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/16031/0/1906D1934/|archivedate=December 17, 2010}}</ref>

The facility also includes the International Air CargoCenter II, a {{convert|60000|ft2|m2|abbr=on}} perishable cargo handling facility. It is located in the IAH CargoCenter and offer direct ramp access for cargo airlines as well as importers and distributors of perishable goods.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Houston Launches New Air Cargo Facility at Intercontinental Airport for Perishable Imports|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/houston-launches-new-air-cargo-facility-at-intercontinental-airport-for-perishable-imports-62247292.html|publisher=]|date=August 18, 2009|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref> The center is recoginized as an official Certified Cargo Screening Facility (CCSF).<ref>{{cite press release |title=Houston Gains New Air Cargo Status|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/2895312/0/1906/|publisher=]|date=April 25, 2010|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>

For five years in a row, ] has honored Bush Intercontinental Airport with the ACE Award for Excellence in the category of airports with less than 500,000 tons of air cargo annually.<ref>{{cite press release |title=The Cargo Operation at IAH Continues to Receive Worldwide Acclaim|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/0/1671832/0/1906/|publisher=]|date=March 16, 2009|accessdate=April 28, 2013|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090323022933/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/1671832/0/1906/|archivedate=March 23, 2009}}</ref>

=== Trade data ===
{|
|- valign="top"
|
* Europe 44%
* Asia 23%
|
* Middle East 16%
* Africa 8%
|
* Latin America 7%
* North America 1%<ref>{{cite web |title=International Air Cargo by Region|url=http://www.houston.org/economic-development/industry-sectors/aerospace-aviation/index.aspx|publisher=City of Houston|accessdate=August 14, 2008}}</ref>
|}

=== Freight airlines ===
{{Airport destination list
| ] (]) | ], ]
| ] | ]
| ] | ]
| ] | ], ], ]
| ] | ]
| ] | ], ]
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| ] (]) | ], ] <ref>http://airlineroute.net/2014/12/22/lhc-iahsvg-w14/</ref>
| ] (]) | ], ]
| ] | ], ]
| ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Qatar Airways expands North American cargo service|url=http://www.aircargoworld.com/Air-Cargo-News/2011/10/qatar-airways-cargo-announces-north-american-expansion-plan/102550|work=Air Cargo World|date=October 10, 2011|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> | ], ], ], ]
| ] | ]
| ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Transcarga opens Miami-Houston|url=http://worldairlinenews.com/2015/01/05/transcarga-to-start-regularly-scheduled-cargo-flights-to-miami-and-houston/}}</ref> | ]
| ] | ], ]
}}

== Master plan ==
The city of Houston presented its ] update for IAH in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title=Houston Airport System, Master Plan|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/iahMasterPlan|publisher=]|accessdate=September 27, 2008}}</ref> The near-term plan calls for Terminal B's circular flight stations to be rebuilt into linear facilities similar to Terminal A. Construction of a new {{convert|155000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} pier at Terminal D, capable of handling six additional wide body aircraft, is slated for completion in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ongoing Capital Improvement Projects|url=http://www.fly2houston.com/OngoingCIP/?modpage=HASProjects2-2&projectid=1126707|publisher=]|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>

The long-term plans call for the existing unit terminals to be demolished and the North and South Concourses to be linked midway. Soon after, all of the facilities in the North and South Concourses will be linked together to form two long continuous facilities. In addition, a new '''Central Passenger Processing''' facility will also be built, called the '''East Terminal''' along with an underground people mover.

Airfield improvements include a new Runway 8C-26C, a new Runway 9R-27L, a perimeter taxiway, and access roadways.<ref>{{cite news |title=IAH Runway Expansion Has Neighbors Fretting Over Moving|first=Renée C.|last=Lee|url=http://www.chron.com/neighborhood/humble-news/article/IAH-runway-expansion-has-neighbors-fretting-over-1734854.php|newspaper=]|date=May 13, 2009|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IAH Environmental Impact Study|url=http://www.iah-eis.org/index.jsp|publisher=IAH Environmental Impact Study|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref> If the FAA selects new sites for runways, the FAA may buy land from the Glen Lee Place and Heather Ridge Village subdivisions, which are located off of Lee Road.<ref>{{cite news |title=Living in the Way of the Runway|first=Renée C.|last=Lee|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6423231.html|newspaper=]|date=May 13, 2009|accessdate=May 14, 2009}}</ref>

== Incidents and accidents==
The following involved flights departing or arriving at the airport:
*1973: ]: ] ejected a passenger after the fan assembly disintegrated en route to ].<ref>{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 N60NA Socorro, NM|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19731103-0|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|date=November 3, 1973|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
*1975: February 1, ] N15HC of Horizon Properties crashed on approach when the port wing collided with an electricity pylon. The aircraft was on a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight from ], ] to ], Texas. Due to weather conditions, the flight was diverted to Houston. Of the 16 occupants,<ref name=ASN010275a>{{cite web |title=Accident description|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19750201-0|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|accessdate=August 19, 2010}}</ref> two crew and three passengers were killed.<ref name=FI240476>{{cite web |title=Flight International|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%200724.html?tracked=1|page=1090|publisher=Flight Global|date=April 24, 1976|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
*1990: Executive/Grumman G1 Operated by Rowan Drilling Company: Power loss in engine after take-off resulted in a failed attempt to regain altitude en route to ]. The aircraft crashed on departure from Runway 15L and came to rest midfield along a parallel taxiway. There were three fatalities.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Grumman G-159 Gulfstream I N80RD Houston-Intercontinental Airport, TX (IAH)|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19900823-0|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|date=August 23, 1990|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
*1991: ] (]): Broke into pieces en route from Laredo to Houston Intercontinental. There were 14 fatalities.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Embraer 120RT Brasilia N33701 Eagle Lake, TX|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19910911-0|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|date=September 11, 1991|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
*On February 19, 1996, a ] ] operating as from ] arriving in Houston, Texas landed with its landing gear in the stowed position on Runway 27. The aircraft slid for {{convert|6915|ft|m}} on its belly before coming to a stop on the runway {{convert|140|ft|m}} left of the runway centerline approximately at the departure end of the runway. There were no fatalities and only minor injuries. The aircraft was written off.<ref>{{cite web|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 N10556 Houston-Intercontinental Airport, TX (IAH)|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19960219-0|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|date=February 19, 1996|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>
*On December 20, 2008, a ] ] operating as ] from ] in ], Colorado to Bush Airport overran Runway 34R, and caught fire during its takeoff roll. There was no snow or ice on the runway; however, there were 31-knot (36&nbsp;mph) ]s at the time of the accident. On July 13, 2010 the NTSB report stated that the probable cause of this accident was the captain's cessation of right rudder input, which was needed to maintain directional control of the airplane, about 4 seconds before the excursion, when the airplane encountered a strong and gusty crosswind that exceeded the captain's training and experience. Of the 115 people on board, at least 38 sustained injuries, at least two of these were injured critically.<ref>{{cite news |title=DIA Accident Injures 38|first1=Kevin|last1=Simpson|first2=Joey|last2=Bunch|first3=Howard|last3=Pankratz|url=http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_11281378|newspaper=]|date=December 21, 2008|accessdate=July 1, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Continental Flight Slides Off Runway; Dozens Injured|first1=Dan|last1=Boniface|first2=Jeffrey|last2=Wolf|url=http://www.9news.com/news/article.aspx?storyid=106325&catid=339|work=]|location=Denver|date=December 21, 2008|accessdate=December 21, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NTSB Begins Investigation into Why Plane Slid Off Runway|first1=Dan|last1=Boniface|first2=Jeffrey|last2=Wolf|url=http://www.9news.com/news/article.aspx?storyid=106332&catid=339|work=]|location=Denver|date=December 21, 2008|accessdate=December 21, 2008}}</ref>
* On May 2, 2013, gunman Carnell Marcus Moore of Beaumont, Texas fired shots from a Glock semi-automatic pistol into the ceiling of a terminal. A Homeland Security officer fired upon and wounded Moore in the right shoulder before Moore shot himself. There was an AR-15 rifle in a suitcase that was not used, while a suicide note was found stating he had a "monster within" and he wanted police to stop him before he hurt others<ref></ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Fire Station 54.jpg|Fire Station 54, 1976
File:BushIntercontinentalAirportMainentrance.JPG|The main entrance to the airport along John F. Kennedy Boulevard
File:GeorgeBushIAHMarker.JPG|Marker indicating the airport along Will Clayton Parkway
File:BushAirportTerminalD.JPG|Mickey Leland Terminal D
File:GeorgeBushAirportTerminalE.JPG|Terminal E
File:GeorgeBushIntercontinentalFIDSTerminalB.JPG|] at Terminal B
File:Iah d lineup.jpg|A typical lineup at Terminal D showing ], ], ], and ] aircraft
File:Bush terminal E.jpg|Terminal E
File:IAH-AerialView-23Apr2012.jpg|An aerial view of the terminals and some taxiways
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portalbar|Houston|Aviation}}
*]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commonscat-inline|George Bush Intercontinental Airport}}
*
*
* {{FAA-diagram|05461}}
* {{US-airport|IAH}}


{{Airports Owned by the City of Houston}} {{Airports Owned by the City of Houston}}
{{Major US Airports}} {{Major US Airports}}
{{George H. W. Bush}} {{George H. W. Bush}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 21:05, 25 December 2024

Main airport serving Houston, Texas, United States "Intercontinental Airport" and "Intercontinental airport" redirect here. For the Mexican airport, see Querétaro Intercontinental Airport. For the general topic, see International airport. "Bush airport" redirects here. For simple airfields known as "bush airfields", see Bush flying.

George Bush Intercontinental Airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorHouston Airport System
ServesGreater Houston
LocationHouston, Texas, U.S.
OpenedJune 8, 1969; 55 years ago (1969-06-08)
Hub forUnited Airlines
Operating base forSpirit Airlines
Time zoneCST (UTC−06:00)
 • Summer (DST)CDT (UTC−05:00)
Elevation AMSL30 m / 97 ft
Coordinates29°59′04″N 095°20′29″W / 29.98444°N 95.34139°W / 29.98444; -95.34139
Websitewww.fly2houston.com/iah
Maps
FAA airport diagram
FAA airport diagram
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
15L/33R 3,658 12,001 Concrete
15R/33L 3,048 10,000 Concrete
9/27 3,048 10,000 Concrete
8L/26R 2,743 9,000 Concrete
8R/26L 2,866 9,402 Concrete
Statistics (2023)
Passengers46,192,499
Aircraft operations422,003
Sources: Fly2Houston.com and Federal Aviation Administration

George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IATA: IAH, ICAO: KIAH, FAA LID: IAH) is an international airport in Houston, Texas, United States, serving the Greater Houston metropolitan area. Initially named Houston Intercontinental Airport upon its opening in 1969, it was renamed in honor of George H. W. Bush, the 41st president of the United States and a resident of Houston, in 1997. It is also commonly called Houston International Airport or George Bush International Airport.

Located about 23 miles (37 km) north of Downtown Houston between Interstate 45 and Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 with direct access to the Hardy Toll Road expressway, George Bush Intercontinental Airport has scheduled flights to a large number of domestic and international destinations covering five continents. It is the busiest airport in Texas for international passenger traffic and a number of international destinations, the second-busiest airport in Texas as of 2021 and the 15th busiest in the United States for total passenger traffic as of 2022

IAH covers 10,000 acres (40 km) of land and has five runways. Houston Intercontinental is one of the largest passenger hubs for United Airlines and formerly also served as a hub for defunct Continental Airlines and Texas International Airlines.

History

20th century

George Bush Intercontinental Airport's air traffic control tower in December 2006

A group of Houston businessmen purchased the site for Bush Intercontinental Airport in 1957 to preserve it until the city of Houston could formulate a plan for a new airport as a replacement for William P. Hobby Airport (at the time known as Houston International Airport). The holding company for the land was named the Jet Era Ranch Corporation, but a typographical error transformed the words "Jet Era" into "Jetero" and the airport site subsequently became known as the Jetero airport site. Although the name Jetero was no longer used in official planning documents after 1961, the airport's eastern entrance was named Jetero Boulevard. Most of Jetero Boulevard was later renamed Will Clayton Parkway.

The City of Houston annexed the Intercontinental Airport area in 1965. This annexation, along with the 1965 annexations of the Bayport area, the Fondren Road area, and an area west of Sharpstown, resulted in a gain of 51,251 acres (20,741 ha) of land for the city limits.

Houston Intercontinental Airport, which was the original name for the airport, opened in June 1969. The airport's IATA code of IAH derived from the stylization of the airport's name as "Intercontinental Airport of Houston." All scheduled passenger airline service formerly operated from William P. Hobby Airport moved to Intercontinental upon the airport's completion. Hobby remained open as a general aviation airport and was once again used for scheduled passenger airline jet service two years later when Southwest Airlines initiated intrastate airline service nonstop between Hobby and Dallas Love Field in 1971.

In the late 1980s, Houston City Council considered a plan to rename the airport after Mickey Leland—an African-American U.S. Congressman who died in an aviation accident in Ethiopia. Instead of renaming the whole airport, the city named Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building, which would later become Mickey Leland Terminal D, after the congressman. In April 1997, Houston City Council unanimously voted to rename the airport George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston, after George H. W. Bush, the 41st president of the United States. The name change took effect on May 2, 1997.

On August 28, 1990, Continental Airlines agreed to build its maintenance center at George Bush Intercontinental Airport; Continental agreed to do so because the city of Houston agreed to provide city-owned land near the airport.

At the time of the opening of IAH in 1969, domestic scheduled passenger airline flights were being operated by American Airlines, Braniff International Airways, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Eastern Air Lines, National Airlines and Houston-based Texas International Airlines, which had formerly operated as Trans-Texas Airways. International flights at this time were being flown by Pan American World Airways with ten nonstop flights a week operated with Boeing 707 jetliners to Mexico City; KLM Royal Dutch Airlines operating Douglas DC-8 jets four days a week to Amsterdam via an intermediate stop in Montreal; Braniff International with Boeing 727 services several times a week to Panama City, Panama; and Aeronaves de Mexico (now Aeroméxico) flying Douglas DC-9 jets to Monterrey, Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Acapulco and Mexico City several days a week. Texas International was also operating direct services to Mexico at this time with Douglas DC-9 jets to Monterrey and Convair 600 turboprop flights to Tampico and Veracruz.

KLM introduced Boeing 747 services in 1971 and by 1974 Air France was operating four nonstop Boeing 747 flights a week to both Paris and Mexico City. Also in 1974, Continental, Pan Am, and National were operating McDonnell Douglas DC-10 wide body jetliners into IAH while Delta was flying Lockheed L-1011 TriStar wide body jets with both types being operated on respective domestic routes from the airport by these airlines; with National also operating Boeing 747s on a Miami–Houston–Los Angeles routing.

By the late 1970s, Cayman Airways had begun nonstop flights between Grand Cayman in the Caribbean and Intercontinental with BAC One-Eleven jets. Cayman Airways served the airport for many years, operating a variety of aircraft including Boeing 727-200, Boeing 737-200, Boeing 737-300, Boeing 737-400 and Douglas DC-8 jetliners into IAH in addition to the BAC One-Eleven. In 1977, British Caledonian, commenced nonstop flights between London's Gatwick Airport and Houston with Boeing 707 service, and later with DC-10 and Boeing 747-200 service. British Airways continued operating the route, when in December 1987, BA took over B-Cal increasing its frequency on the route to double-daily.

By July 1983, the number of domestic and international air carriers serving Intercontinental had grown substantially. American, Continental, Delta and Eastern had been joined by Piedmont Airlines, Southwest Airlines, TWA, United Airlines, USAir and Western Airlines. Western was operating daily McDonnell Douglas DC-10 wide body jet services nonstop to Salt Lake City at this time, with this flight also offering one-stop services to Anchorage, Alaska. International services were being operated by Air Canada, Aviateca, British Caledonian Airways, Continental Airlines, Eastern Air Lines, SAHSA, South African Airways, TACA, TWA and Viasa in addition to Pan Am, KLM, Air France, Aeroméxico and Cayman Airways. Several commuter and regional airlines were also operating passenger services at this time from IAH including Emerald Air (operating as Pan Am Express), Metro Airlines, Rio Airways and Royale Airlines. Metro Airlines was operating "cross-town" shuttle services with de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprops with up to seventeen round trip flights a day between IAH and the Clear Lake City STOLport located near the NASA Johnson Space Center and also up to nine round trip flights a day between the airport and Sugar Land Regional Airport as well as other flights to regional destinations in Texas and Louisiana. In addition, at this same time the airport had scheduled helicopter airline services operated by Executive Helicopters with Bell 206L LongRanger helicopters to four Houston-area heliports with up to 36 round trip flights a day.

21st century

Runways 33L and 33R at George Bush International Airport
A typical lineup at Terminal D with Lufthansa, Air France, British Airways, and KLM aircraft

Since Houston was not an approved gateway for U.S. to London Heathrow flights under the Bermuda II Agreement, Continental Airlines, and British Airways flew their London services to Gatwick Airport. British Airways, keen to allow its passengers access to connections at its larger Heathrow Airport hub, subsequently flew various routings from Houston to Heathrow, via a gateway approved technical stop, allowing its Houston originating flights to land at Heathrow. While keeping a daily Houston–Gatwick flight, British Airways operated a flight from Houston to Heathrow via Washington-Dulles, with the technical stop being later changed to Chicago-O'Hare and finally to Detroit. In March 2008, the Bermuda II agreement was replaced with the EU–US Open Skies Agreement, allowing Continental Airlines and British Airways to switch its London services from Houston to Heathrow Airport that summer. Gate BA presently operates double-daily flights to London's Heathrow Airport with Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 service.

As of 2007, Terminals A and B remain from the airport's original design. Lewis W. Cutrer Terminal C opened in 1981, the Mickey Leland International Arrivals Building (now called Terminal D) opened in May 1990, and the new Terminal E partially opened on June 3, 2003. The rest of Terminal E opened on January 7, 2004. Terminal D is the arrival point for all international flights except for United flights, which use Terminal E. Flights from Canada on Air Canada and WestJet arrive in terminal A. Terminal D also held customs and INS until the opening of the new Federal Inspection Service (FIS) building, completed on January 25, 2005.

On January 7, 2009, a Continental Airlines Boeing 737-800 departing Bush Intercontinental was the first U.S. commercial jet to fly on a mix of conventional jet fuel and biofuel.

In December 2009, the Houston City Council approved a plan to allow Midway Cos. to develop 10 acres (4.0 ha) of land owned by Houston Airport System (HAS) on the grounds of Bush Airport. Midway planned to develop a travel center for the airport's rental car facility. The city dictated the developer needed to place a convenience store and gas station facility, a flight information board, a fast casual restaurant, and a sit-down restaurant in the development. Beyond the required buildings, the developer planned to add an office facility of between 20,000 and 40,000 square feet (1,900 and 3,700 m) and additional retail space.

In 2011, United Airlines began Boeing 777-200ER services to Lagos, Nigeria; this was the airport's first nonstop flight to the African continent. In May 2016, United ended the Houston–Lagos service citing the inability to repatriate revenue sold locally in Nigerian currency. South African Airways previously operated nonstop Boeing 747SP services in 1983 between Houston and Amilcar Cabral International Airport in the Cape Verde islands off the coast of Africa as a refueling stop for its flights between Houston and Johannesburg, South Africa. Continental was also planning to commence nonstop Boeing 787 services to Auckland in New Zealand but these plans were canceled as a reaction to new international flights at Hobby Airport announced by Southwest Airlines. United — which acquired Continental and had fully integrated it into the United brand by early 2012 — had postponed the introduction of this service owing to delays associated with the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Its 787s were put to use on other international routes, however, including Houston–London and United's then-new Houston–Lagos nonstop flights. The Houston–Auckland nonstop route was then begun by Air New Zealand using a Boeing 777-200ER. In 2014, United added a second daily flight to Tokyo and new routes to Munich, Germany; Santiago, Chile; and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, and it restarted the Aruba route, which had been canceled in 2012.

In August 2012, Lufthansa switched its daily Houston–Frankfurt route to an Airbus A380 from a Boeing 747-400, making Houston the first airport in Texas to receive A380 service. In addition, Lufthansa has also operated the Boeing 747-8 on the route. Dubai-based carrier Emirates has also operated the A380 on the Dubai-Houston route.

IAH became the first airport in North America to have nonstop flights to every inhabited continent in 2017, with the addition of Air New Zealand, but lost this claim when Atlas Air ended its nonstop flight to Luanda. The airport regained this status in December 2019 when Ethiopian Airlines launched service to Lomé in Togo and Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.

On September 7, 2017, United announced the launch of flights from Houston to Sydney, using a 787-9. The Houston–Sydney service, at 8,596 miles (13,834 km), is currently United's longest nonstop route. Additionally, it surpassed Emirates' Dubai route as the longest flight at IAH.

In January 2019, Ethiopian Airlines became the latest international carrier to announce new service, three-times weekly, to Addis Ababa. The route will be Addis Ababa–Lome–Houston, and the airline is replacing its Los Angeles gateway for Houston. The route will be serviced using the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and will be the city's only gateway to Africa after service to Lagos, Nigeria, was canceled by United Airlines. Service was supposed to begin in June 2019, but was delayed until December 2019. Service began on December 16, 2019. Ethiopian Airlines has since discontinued the route.

In October 2020, Southwest Airlines announced it would return to Bush airport for the first time since it stopped serving the airport in 2005. Service began in April 2021 with five nonstop destinations, augmenting the several dozen destinations it serves from Hobby airport. In 2024, however, Southwest suspended the service to Bush airport once again.

On July 20, 2022, Spirit Airlines crew base plans were cleared. It was also announced that Spirit will bring 500 new jobs to the Houston Area. They added Bush airport as their tenth crew base and Focus city.

In 2020, George Bush Intercontinental Airport began undergoing a $1.3 billion capital improvement program called the IAH Terminal Redevelopment Program (ITRP). The flagship project of this program is the construction of the Mickey Leland International Terminal (MLIT), which will consolidate what is today Terminal D and Terminal E into one centralized terminal including a shared ticketing, departure, and arrival hall. Terminal D will be extensively refurbished with a new concourse, Pier D West, being constructed. The ITRP should be complete by late 2024 or early 2025. Future expansion plans call for a Central D and East D pier to be built as passenger numbers grow, with the full project being capable of handling 33 million enplaned international passengers annually.

Facilities

Terminals

Terminal A

George Bush Intercontinental Airport has five terminals and 121 total gates. The Skyway automated people mover system provides airside connections between all five terminals. The Subway provides landside connections between the five terminals and the airport hotel. Terminals D & E have access to an international arrivals facility, and Terminal D has gates to support super jumbo jets including the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8.

  • Terminal A is primarily used by non-United domestic carriers. It contains 20 gates.
  • Terminal B is used for United Express flights. It contains 30 gates.
  • Terminal C is used for United domestic flights. It contains 29 gates.
  • Terminal D is used for non-United international flights. It contains 18 gates.
  • Terminal E is used for United international flights. It contains 24 gates.

Ground transportation

From Downtown Houston one can travel to George Bush Intercontinental by taking Interstate 69/U.S. Route 59 (Eastex Freeway) to Beltway 8 or to Will Clayton Parkway, and access the airport from either road. From Downtown one could also take Interstate 45 (North Freeway), connect to Beltway 8, and enter the airport from the Beltway. The Hardy Toll Road has an exit from the north or south to the airport.

The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas, or METRO, offers bus services available at the south side of Terminal C. The 102 Bush IAH Express serves the airport. Previously, METRO also operated an express bus service known as Airport Direct, launched in the summer of 2008, which traveled from Downtown Houston to Terminal C via the HOV lane of the Eastex Freeway (I-69)/(US 59). In 2010, in an effort to increase ridership and maximize revenue, METRO reduced the fare of Airport Direct and closed a dedicated passenger plaza for the service in Downtown Houston; instead, the bus stopped at several downtown hotels. The fare each way was reduced from $15 to $4.50. The fare change increased ridership levels but reduced cash flow. METRO consistently provided the service at an operational loss. However, in the summer of 2011, METRO announced it was discontinuing the Airport Direct service, while the Route 102 local service (which serves the greater Greenspoint business and residential district before traveling on I-45 to access downtown) continued to operate.

As of 2016 the Taiwanese airline EVA Air operates a shuttle bus service from Bush IAH to Richardson in the Dallas-Fort Worth area so DFW based customers may fly on its services to and from Houston. Previously China Airlines, also a Taiwanese carrier, provided a shuttle bus service to Sugar Land and the Southwest Houston Chinatown. It ended in 2008 when China Airlines ended its Houston passenger service.

Carriers provide scheduled bus and shuttle services to locations from IAH to NRG Park/NRG Astrodome, Downtown Houston, Uptown, Greenway Plaza, the Texas Medical Center, hotels in the Westchase and Energy Corridor business districts, the city of College Station and William P. Hobby Airport. Super Shuttle uses shared vans to provide services from George Bush Intercontinental Airport to the surrounding communities.

Artwork

Flag posts of G7 member countries plus the European Union titled "Light Spikes" located outside the airport entrance

Ed Carpenter's "Light Wings", a multicolored glass sculpture suspended below a skylight, adorns the Terminal A North Concourse. In Terminal A, South Concourse stands Terry Allen's "Countree Music." Allen's piece is a cast bronze tree that plays instrumental music by Joe Ely and David Byrne, though the music is normally turned off. The corridor leading to Terminal A displays Leamon Green's "Passing Through," a 200-foot (61 m) etched glass wall depicting airport travelers.

The elevators in Terminal B are cased in stainless steel accordion shaped structures designed by Rachel Hecker. The corridor leading to Terminal B has Dixie Friend Gay's "Houston Bayou." This work is composed of an 8 ft × 75 ft (2.4 m × 22.9 m) Byzantine glass mosaic mural depicting scenes from Houston's bayous and wetlands, several bronze animals embedded in the floor, and five mosaic columns.

"Lights Spikes," designed by Jay Baker, was created for the 1990 G7 Summit when it was hosted by President George H. W. Bush in Houston. The sculpture was relocated to the airport outside E Terminal after the meetings, from its original location in front of the George R. Brown Convention Center. The columns lean at a ten-degree angle toward a central point that represents Houston. The distance between each "spike" and this point is relative to the distance between Houston and the capitals of the countries the flags represent. The countries represented are the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Canada, Italy and Germany, as well as the European community. The airport has a display of lighted modern sculptures between terminals C and D.

Radiant Fountains, LED-illuminated towers on JFK Boulevard, is the most prominent sculpture around the airport.

Other facilities

The airport houses an on-site hotel, a Marriott, between Terminals B and C and is accessible via the landside inter-terminal train which runs every 3 minutes from 3:30 am to 12:30 am every day. The hotel has 573 rooms, one restaurant and bar, a concierge lounge, a coffee shop, health club, sundry shop and a conference center.

A VOR station, identified as IAH, is located on the airport property, south of runway 33L.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Aeroméxico Mexico City
Aeroméxico Connect Mexico City, Mexico City–AIFA
Air Canada Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air New Zealand Auckland
Alaska Airlines Seattle/Tacoma
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda
American Airlines Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor
American Eagle Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami, Phoenix–Sky Harbor
Avianca El Salvador San Salvador
British Airways London–Heathrow
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–LaGuardia, Salt Lake City
Emirates Dubai–International
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan
Frontier Airlines Atlanta, Charlotte (ends April 21, 2025), Chicago–Midway, Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Ontario, Orlando
Seasonal: Cincinnati (resumes May 22, 2025), Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Raleigh/Durham, Tampa (begins March 6, 2025)
JetBlue Boston, New York–JFK (ends June 12, 2025)
KLM Amsterdam
Lufthansa Frankfurt
Qatar Airways Doha
Singapore Airlines Manchester (UK), Singapore (both end April 1, 2025)
Spirit Airlines Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Diego, San Juan, Tampa
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
United Airlines Albuquerque, Amsterdam, Aruba, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Belize City, Bogotá, Bonaire, Boston, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Calgary, Cancún, Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus–Glenn, Cozumel, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, Edmonton (resumes May 22, 2025), Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Frankfurt, Georgetown–Cheddi Jagan, Grand Cayman, Greenville/Spartanburg, Guadalajara, Guatemala City, Havana, Honolulu, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Las Vegas, León/Del Bajío, Liberia (CR), Lima, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Louisville, Managua, McAllen, Medellín–JMC, Memphis, Mérida, Mexico City, Miami, Midland/Odessa, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montego Bay, Monterrey, Munich, Nashville, Nassau, Newark, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Norfolk, Omaha, Orange County, Orlando, Panama City–Tocumen, Pensacola, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Port of Spain, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Querétaro, Quito, Raleigh/Durham, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Roatán, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San José (CR), San José del Cabo, San Juan, San Pedro Sula, San Salvador, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seattle/Tacoma, St. Louis, Tampa, Tegucigalpa/Comayagua, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Tulsa, Tulum, Veracruz, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National
Seasonal: Anchorage, Charleston (SC), Eagle/Vail, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Jackson Hole, Key West, Oklahoma City, Ontario, Palm Springs, Providenciales, Reno/Tahoe, Richmond, San Luis Potosí, Santiago de Chile, St. Thomas, Sydney, Tampico, Tucson, Vancouver, West Palm Beach
United Express Aguascalientes, Albuquerque, Amarillo, Atlanta, Austin, Baton Rouge, Birmingham (AL), Brownsville/South Padre Island, Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Cincinnati, Colorado Springs, Columbia (SC), Columbus–Glenn, Corpus Christi, Dallas/Fort Worth, Des Moines, Detroit, El Paso, Fayetteville/Bentonville, Grand Rapids, Greenville/Spartanburg, Guadalajara, Gulfport/Biloxi, Harlingen, Hattiesburg/Laurel (MS), Havana, Hobbs, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Jackson (MS), Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Knoxville, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Laredo, León/Del Bajío, Little Rock, Louisville, Lubbock, Manzanillo, McAllen, Memphis, Meridian (MS), Midland/Odessa, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Mobile–Regional, Monterrey, Morelia, Nashville, Nassau, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Oaxaca, Oklahoma City, Ontario, Panama City (FL), Pensacola, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Puebla, Puerto Escondido (begins April 5, 2025), Querétaro, Raleigh/Durham, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Luis Potosí, Sarasota, Savannah, Shreveport, Springfield/Branson, St. Louis, Tampico, Tucson, Tulsa, Victoria (TX), Washington–National, Wichita
Seasonal: Acapulco, Aspen, Bozeman, Cleveland, Durango (CO), Glacier Park/Kalispell, Gunnison/Crested Butte, Key West, Mazatlán, Montrose, Omaha, Palm Springs, Portland (ME) (begins June 28, 2025), Richmond, Santa Fe, Traverse City
Viva León/Del Bajío, Mexico City, Monterrey
Seasonal: Guadalajara, Querétaro
Volaris Guadalajara, Mexico City, Monterrey (begins March 30, 2025)
Volaris El Salvador San Salvador
WestJet Calgary
Zipair Tokyo Tokyo–Narita (begins March 5, 2025)

Cargo

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AirlinesDestinationsRefs
AeroLogic Frankfurt, Toronto–Pearson
Air France Cargo Mexico City–AIFA, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Amazon Air Baltimore, Cincinnati, Miami, Portland (OR), Riverside/March Air Base
Ameristar Air Cargo Laredo, Minneapolis/St. Paul
Atlas Air Anchorage, Atlanta, Chicago/Rockford, Cincinnati, Denver, Detroit, Lakeland, Louisville, Mexico City–AIFA, Montgomery, Seoul–Incheon
Baron Aviation Services College Station
CAL Cargo Air Lines Atlanta, Liège
Cargolux Atlanta, Dallas/Fort Worth, Glasgow–Prestwick, Guadalajara, Luxembourg, Mexico City–AIFA, Miami, New York–JFK
Cathay Cargo Anchorage, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hong Kong, Miami
China Airlines Cargo Anchorage, Chicago–O'Hare, Miami
DHL Aviation Cincinnati, Huntsville, New Orleans
Emirates SkyCargo Amsterdam, Brussels, Copenhagen, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Mexico City–AIFA, Zaragoza
FedEx Express El Paso, Fort Worth/Alliance, Indianapolis, Memphis, New Orleans
Kalitta Air Miami
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt, Toronto–Pearson
Martinaire Addison, San Antonio
Qatar Cargo Doha, Liège, Luxembourg, Macau, Mexico City–AIFA
Turkish Cargo Istanbul, Madrid, Miami
UPS Airlines Austin, Chicago/Rockford, Dallas/Fort Worth, Louisville, Ontario, San Antonio

Statistics

Top destinations

Busiest Domestic Routes from IAH (January 2023 – December 2023)
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 Los Angeles, California 799,000 American, Spirit, United
2 Denver, Colorado 793,000 Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
3 Atlanta, Georgia 709,000 Delta, Spirit, United
4 Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 668,000 American, Spirit, United
5 Las Vegas, Nevada 627,000 Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
6 Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 607,000 American, United, Frontier, Spirit
7 Orlando, Florida 580,000 Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
8 Newark, New Jersey 571,000 Spirit, United
9 San Francisco, California 554,000 United
10 New York–LaGuardia, New York 462,000 American, Delta, Spirit, United
Busiest International Routes from IAH (January 2023 – December 2023)
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 Mexico Mexico City, Mexico 888,909 Aeroméxico, United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris
2 Mexico Cancún, Mexico 838,138 Frontier, Spirit, Sun Country, United
3 El Salvador San Salvador, El Salvador 775,279 Avianca El Salvador, Spirit, United, Volaris El Salvador
4 United Kingdom London–Heathrow, United Kingdom 506,698 British Airways, United
5 Mexico Monterrey, Mexico 463,065 Spirit, United, Viva Aerobus
6 Germany Frankfurt, Germany 363,478 Lufthansa, United
7 Guatemala Guatemala City, Guatemala 344,208 Spirit, United
8 Mexico Guadalajara, Mexico 328,830 United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris
9 Canada Calgary, Canada 303,679 United, WestJet
10 Canada Toronto–Pearson, Canada 289,238 Air Canada, United

Airline market share

Largest airlines at IAH
(January 2023 - December 2023)
Rank Airline Passengers Share
1 United Airlines 33,387,750 72.28%
2 Spirit Airlines 2,931,004 6.35%
3 American Airlines 2,179,192 4.72%
4 Delta Air Lines 1,967,765 4.26%
5 Southwest Airlines 1,189,075 2.57%
6 Other Airlines 4,537,713 9.82%

Annual traffic

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Annual passenger traffic at IAH airport. See Wikidata query.
Annual passenger traffic (enplaned + deplaned) at IAH, 2002–Present
Year Passengers % Change Year Passengers % Change Year Passengers % Change
2002 33,913,759 2012 39,890,756 Decrease00.7% 2022 40,979,422 Increase021.7%
2003 34,208,217 Increase00.9% 2013 39,799,414 Decrease00.2% 2023 46,192,499 Increase012.7%
2004 36,513,098 Increase06.7% 2014 41,257,384 Increase03.7%
2005 39,716,583 Increase08.8% 2015 43,023,224 Increase04.3%
2006 42,550,432 Increase07.1% 2016 41,692,372 Decrease03.1%
2007 42,998,040 Increase01.1% 2017 40,372,190 Decrease02.3%
2008 41,708,580 Decrease03.0% 2018 43,807,720 Increase07.6%
2009 40,007,354 Decrease04.1% 2019 45,276,595 Increase03.4%
2010 40,479,569 Increase01.2% 2020 18,217,426 Decrease059.8%
2011 40,187,442 Decrease00.7% 2021 33,677,118 Increase084.9%

Accidents and incidents

  • February 1, 1975: a Douglas DC-3 N15HC of Horizon Properties crashed on approach when the port wing collided with an electricity pylon. The aircraft was on a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight from Lawton Municipal Airport, Oklahoma, to Huntsville Regional Airport, Texas. The flight was diverted to Houston for weather. Of the 16 occupants, two crew and three passengers were killed.
  • August 23, 1990: a Grumman Gulfstream I operated by Rowan Drilling Company; power loss in an engine after take-off resulted in a failed attempt to regain altitude en route to New Orleans International Airport. The aircraft crashed on departure from Runway 15L and came to rest midfield along a parallel taxiway. There were three fatalities.
  • On September 11, 1991, Continental Express Flight 2574 was on descent to the airport when it suffered a structural failure because of improper maintenance, killing all 14 people on board.
  • February 19, 1996: a Continental Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 operating as Continental Airlines Flight 1943 from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, arriving in Houston, landed with its landing gear in the stowed position on Runway 27. The aircraft slid for 6,915 feet (2,108 m) on its belly before stopping on the runway 140 feet (43 m) left of the runway centerline approximately at the departure end of the runway. There were no fatalities and only minor injuries. The aircraft was written off.
  • January 13, 1998, a Learjet 25 operated by American Corporate Aviation crashed 2 miles (3.2 km) east of IAH descending below the glideslope. Both occupants were killed.
  • February 23, 2019: Atlas Air Flight 3591, a Boeing 767-300ERF operated for Amazon Air crashed into Trinity Bay while on approach, 30 miles (48 km) southeast of the airport. All three crewmembers were killed.

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