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			{{short description\|Persian mythological hero of the epic poem Shahnameh}}
			{{Infobox
			\| bodystyle =
			\| bodyclass = vcard
			\| titlestyle =
			\| title =
			\| abovestyle = background: #CD853F
			\| aboveclass = fn org
			\| above = {{ubl\|Ashkash\|{{lang\|pal\|Ashˈkash}}}}
			\| imagestyle =
			\| captionstyle =
			\| image =

			\| headerstyle = background: #F0E68C
			\| labelstyle =
			\| datastyle =

			\| header1 =] Men
			\| label2 =Name
			\| data2 =Ashkash
			\| label3 =Nickname
			\| data3 =of seven heroes
			\| label4 = Banner
			\| data4 = Leopard
			\| label5 =
			\| data5 =
			\| label6 =
			\| data6 =
			\| label7 =
			\| data7 =
			\| header14 =Other Information
			\| label15 =Well known
			\| data15 =General of Kuch and ] Army
			\| label16 = Attendance at
			\| data16 =], ] and ] Battles
			\| label17 =
			\| data17 =
			\| label18 =Wars
			\| data18 =]<br/> ]
			\| header21 =Family members
			\| label22 =Father
			\| data22 =Farhadan
			\| label23 =
			\| data23 =
			\| label24 =
			\| data24 =
			\| label25 =Nationality
			\| data25 =]
			}}

			'''Ashkash'''({{langx\|fa\|اشکَش}} {{IPA\|fa\|Ashˈkash\|}}) or '''Askas''' or '''Arsakes''' is a major figure in the ]. He is introduced by ] as the general of ]'s army.<ref name=": Marjolijn">{{cite book \|last= van Zutphen, Elisabeth Zutphen \|first= Marjolijn, Marjolijn \|year=2014 \|title=Farāmarz, the Sistāni Hero Texts and Traditions of the Farāmarznāme and the Persian Epic Cycle\|publisher= Brill \|page=421,419\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Far%C4%81marz_the_Sist%C4%81ni_Hero/8ofPBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0\|isbn=9789004268289}}</ref><ref name=":ashkash">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/askas-an-iranian-hero-in-the-reign-of-kay-kosrow \|title=AŠKAŠ\| website=]}}</ref>

			He is depicted as an Iranian hero from the ], tasked by Kay Khosrow to govern ]. As a trusted commander, Ashkash played a significant role in leading the army during Kay Khosrow's campaign against ], which was aimed at avenging the death of ].<ref>{{cite book \|last= Bashiri\|first= Iraj \|year=1994 \|title=Firdowsi's Shahname 1000 Years After\|publisher= Supreme Soviet of Tajikistan\|page=143 & 38\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Firdowsi_s_Shahname/oyBkAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=ashkash}}</ref>

			==Origins==
			Ferdowsi mentions a group called Fereydounid among the heroes of Kay Khosrow, headed by Ashkash. He may have been one of the local historical-legendary princes of the ] era, each of whom had his own army and banner, but who were obedient to the king.<ref>{{cite book \|last= Cooverjee \|first=Jehangir \|year=1939 \|title=Studies in Shāhnāmeh\|publisher= D. B. Taraporevala sons\|page=166\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Studies_in_Sh%C4%81hn%C4%81meh/gQEHjgQonw0Chl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=ashkash&kptab=getbook}}</ref>

			In the ] (p. 91), Ashkash, son of ] is mentioned as one of the 1200 generals of Kay Khosrow. ] and ] cite Ashkan ibn Ash in his mention of the Parthian kings.<ref name=":ashkash" />

			==Narrative==
			Ashkash was one of the seven brave Iranian men who went to Turan with ] to free ]. He was present in many battles. In ], he forced ] to flee and was appointed as the ruler of Makran by the order of Kay khosrow.<ref name=": Marjolijn" /><ref name=": Warner">{{cite book \|last= Warner, Warner \|first=Arthur George , Edmond \|year=2013 \|title=The Shahnama of Firdausi Volume IV\|publisher= Taylor & Francis \|page=251\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Shahnama_of_Firdausi/WRH-AQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0\|isbn=9781136395895}}</ref>

			=== Bizhan's rescue from the Turan dungeon===
			One of his most important role is in the story of ]. ] becomes envious of Bizhan's bravery and seduces him to go to Turan. There, Bizhan finds Manizhe and they fell in love. But ] arrests Bizhan and throw him into a dungeon. Kay Khosrow gave the order to release Bizhan
			with special powers to Rostam and Ashkash<ref name="Charles">{{cite book \|last= Melville \|first= Charles \|year=2024 \|title=Shahnama Studies I\|publisher= Brill \|page=88 & 93\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Shahnama_Studies_I/hvD7EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0\|isbn=9789004492554}}</ref>

			This is depicted in the mythological part of the Shahnameh a prose work written in ].
			{{blockquote\|
			<poem>
			"To lead the host Ruhham, Farhad two men of valour
			and Ashkash , that lion-hero"<ref>{{cite book \|last= Warner, Warner \|first=Arthur George , Edmond \| year=1908 \|title=The Sháhnáma of Firdausí Volume 3\|publisher= K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company Limited \|page=334 \|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Sh%C3%A1hn%C3%A1ma_of_Firdaus%C3%AD/OVIMAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1}}</ref>
			</poem>}}

			===Ashkash, the general of the Kuch and Baloch===
			Ashkash is introduced in several verses in the Shahnameh as the commander of the Kuch and ] armies.<ref name=":ashkash" /><ref name=":The Baloch and Their Neighbours">{{cite book \|last1=Carina،Korn \|first1= Jahani،Korn\|title=The Baloch and Their Neighbours \|pages=49,314–317,248,260\|date=2003\|publisher= Reichert\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Baloch_and_Their_Neighbours/b3IMAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Scheming\|isbn=9783895003660}}</ref> He played a significant role in leading the Kuch and Baloch army during the campaign against Turan, which was aimed at avenging the death of Siyavash.<ref name=":dashti">{{cite book \|last=Dashti\|first= Naseer \|title=The Baloch and Balochistan \|publisher= Trafford Publishing \|date=2012 \|page=33\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Baloch_and_Balochistan/xIjyLNpusbAC?hl=en&gbpv=0\|language=en\|isbn=9781466958968}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Ibbetson، Maclagan\|first1=Sir Denzil\|title=Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province \|pages=41–42\|date=1990\|publisher= Asian Educational Services\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Glossary_of_the_Tribes_and_Castes_of_the/1QmrSwFYe60C?hl=en&gbpv=1\|isbn=9788120605053}}</ref><ref name=":Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore">{{cite book \|last=Badalkhan \|first=Sabir \|year=2013 \|title=Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore \|series=Balochistan Monograph Series, V \|location=Naples, Italy \|publisher= Universita degli studi di Napoli \|isbn=978-88-6719-060-7}}</ref>

			This is depicted in the mythological part of the ] a prose work written in Middle Persian.
			{{blockquote\|
			<poem>
			"Next after ] came shrewd Aškash
			endowed with prudent heart and ready brain
			An army of warriors of the kuch and Baloch
			Scheming war like the faighting-ram
			No one in the word has seen(them tun) rheir backs
			No one has seen(as much as) one of their fingers unarmed”<ref name=":The Baloch and Their Neighbours" /><ref name="Ferdowsi 2006">Ferdowsi (2006). ''Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings''. Translated by Dick Davis. New York: Viking. {{ISBN\|0670034851}}.</ref>
			</poem>}}

			According to the Shahnameh, the army of kuch and baloch armored from head to foot and they had the banner with the figure of ].<ref name=":Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore" /><ref name=":The Baloch race">{{cite book \|last1=Dames \|first1= Mansel Longworth\|title=The Baloch race. A historical and ethnological sketch \|date=1904\|page=27\|publisher= London, Royal Asiatic society\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Baloch_Race/Kf0RAAAAYAAJ?hl=en}}</ref><ref name="Ferdowsi 2006" /><ref name=":ashkash" />

			==History==
			In Kay Khosrow's war with the Turanians, Ashkash was the commander of an army of Baloch, and led the army. In the Persian campaign against Turan under the command of ], Ashkash was the leader of the army. When Rostam set out for Turan to rescue ], Ashkash was one of the seven brave men who accompanied Rostam, whom Ferdowsi calls the hunter of lion. After the release of Bizhan, when ] pursued Rostam, Ashkash was the general of the army, which he fought with ]. Ashkash was present at Kay Khosrow's consultation to confront Afrasiab, and Kay Khosrow assigned him to fight against Shideh in Khwarazm with 30,000 spearmen.Ashkash defeated Shideh in Khwarazm . After this victory, Kay Khosrow sent him to Zam to prevent Afrasiab from attacking the rear of the Iranian army. Ashkash was also bravely with Kaykhosrow in the Battle of Makran and Kay Khosrow appointed him the governor of Makran.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=اشکش \|trans-title=Ashkash \|url=https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/article/239907/%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B4 \|access-date=26 December 2024 \|website=Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia فارسی \|language=fa}}</ref>

			== See also ==
			* ]
			* ]
			{{wikisource\|Shah Nameh}}
			{{Shahnameh}}
			{{National personifications}}
			{{Authority control}}

			== References ==
			{{Reflist}}

			]
			]
			]
	]		]
	]		]

Latest revision as of 07:40, 26 December 2024

Persian mythological hero of the epic poem Shahnameh

Ashkash Ashˈkash
Shahnameh Men
Name	Ashkash
Nickname	of seven heroes
Banner	Leopard
Other Information
Well known	General of Kuch and Baloch Army
Attendance at	Davazdah Rokh, Makran and Turan Battles
Wars	Davazdah Rokh War Great Kay Khosrow War
Family members
Father	Farhadan
Nationality	Iran

Ashkash(Persian: اشکَش [Ashˈkash]) or Askas or Arsakes is a major figure in the Shahnameh. He is introduced by Ferdowsi as the general of Kay Khosrow's army.

He is depicted as an Iranian hero from the Kayanian dynasty, tasked by Kay Khosrow to govern Makran. As a trusted commander, Ashkash played a significant role in leading the army during Kay Khosrow's campaign against Turan, which was aimed at avenging the death of Siyavash.

Origins

Ferdowsi mentions a group called Fereydounid among the heroes of Kay Khosrow, headed by Ashkash. He may have been one of the local historical-legendary princes of the Parthian era, each of whom had his own army and banner, but who were obedient to the king.

In the Mojmal al-Tawarikh (p. 91), Ashkash, son of Kay Kawad is mentioned as one of the 1200 generals of Kay Khosrow. Al-Tabari and Al-Biruni cite Ashkan ibn Ash in his mention of the Parthian kings.

Narrative

Ashkash was one of the seven brave Iranian men who went to Turan with Rostam to free Bizhan . He was present in many battles. In Khwarazm, he forced Shideh to flee and was appointed as the ruler of Makran by the order of Kay khosrow.

Bizhan's rescue from the Turan dungeon

One of his most important role is in the story of Bizhan and Manizhe. Gorgin becomes envious of Bizhan's bravery and seduces him to go to Turan. There, Bizhan finds Manizhe and they fell in love. But Afrasiyab arrests Bizhan and throw him into a dungeon. Kay Khosrow gave the order to release Bizhan with special powers to Rostam and Ashkash

This is depicted in the mythological part of the Shahnameh a prose work written in Middle Persian.

"To lead the host Ruhham, Farhad two men of valour
and Ashkash , that lion-hero"

Ashkash, the general of the Kuch and Baloch

Ashkash is introduced in several verses in the Shahnameh as the commander of the Kuch and Baloch armies. He played a significant role in leading the Kuch and Baloch army during the campaign against Turan, which was aimed at avenging the death of Siyavash.

This is depicted in the mythological part of the Shahnamah a prose work written in Middle Persian.

"Next after Gostaham came shrewd Aškash
endowed with prudent heart and ready brain
An army of warriors of the kuch and Baloch
Scheming war like the faighting-ram
No one in the word has seen(them tun) rheir backs
No one has seen(as much as) one of their fingers unarmed”

According to the Shahnameh, the army of kuch and baloch armored from head to foot and they had the banner with the figure of leopard.

History

In Kay Khosrow's war with the Turanians, Ashkash was the commander of an army of Baloch, and led the army. In the Persian campaign against Turan under the command of Fariburz, Ashkash was the leader of the army. When Rostam set out for Turan to rescue Bizhan, Ashkash was one of the seven brave men who accompanied Rostam, whom Ferdowsi calls the hunter of lion. After the release of Bizhan, when Afrasiab pursued Rostam, Ashkash was the general of the army, which he fought with Garsivaz. Ashkash was present at Kay Khosrow's consultation to confront Afrasiab, and Kay Khosrow assigned him to fight against Shideh in Khwarazm with 30,000 spearmen.Ashkash defeated Shideh in Khwarazm . After this victory, Kay Khosrow sent him to Zam to prevent Afrasiab from attacking the rear of the Iranian army. Ashkash was also bravely with Kaykhosrow in the Battle of Makran and Kay Khosrow appointed him the governor of Makran.

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Other symbols of Liberty

References

^ van Zutphen, Elisabeth Zutphen, Marjolijn, Marjolijn (2014). Farāmarz, the Sistāni Hero Texts and Traditions of the Farāmarznāme and the Persian Epic Cycle. Brill. p. 421,419. ISBN 9789004268289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "AŠKAŠ". Encyclopædia Iranica.
Bashiri, Iraj (1994). Firdowsi's Shahname 1000 Years After. Supreme Soviet of Tajikistan. p. 143 & 38.
Cooverjee, Jehangir (1939). Studies in Shāhnāmeh. D. B. Taraporevala sons. p. 166.
Warner, Warner, Arthur George , Edmond (2013). The Shahnama of Firdausi Volume IV. Taylor & Francis. p. 251. ISBN 9781136395895.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Melville, Charles (2024). Shahnama Studies I. Brill. p. 88 & 93. ISBN 9789004492554.
Warner, Warner, Arthur George , Edmond (1908). The Sháhnáma of Firdausí Volume 3. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company Limited. p. 334.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Carina،Korn, Jahani،Korn (2003). The Baloch and Their Neighbours. Reichert. pp. 49, 314–317, 248, 260. ISBN 9783895003660.
Dashti, Naseer (2012). The Baloch and Balochistan. Trafford Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 9781466958968.
Ibbetson، Maclagan, Sir Denzil (1990). Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province. Asian Educational Services. pp. 41–42. ISBN 9788120605053.
^ Badalkhan, Sabir (2013). Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore. Balochistan Monograph Series, V. Naples, Italy: Universita degli studi di Napoli. ISBN 978-88-6719-060-7.
^ Ferdowsi (2006). Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings. Translated by Dick Davis. New York: Viking. ISBN 0670034851.
Dames, Mansel Longworth (1904). The Baloch race. A historical and ethnological sketch. London, Royal Asiatic society. p. 27.
"اشکش" [Ashkash]. Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia فارسی (in Persian). Retrieved 26 December 2024.

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