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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2013}} {{more citations needed|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox royalty {{Infobox royalty
| name = Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah | name = Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
| title =Fifth ] of ] | title =
| image = muhammad_'Alî_001.jpg | image = muhammad_'Alî_001.jpg
| image_size = 200px | image_size = 200px
| caption = | caption =
| reign = 1580–1612<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=118}}</ref> | reign = 5 June 1580 – 11 January 1612<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=118}}</ref>
| religion = ] | religion = ]
| coronation = Unknown | coronation = 1586
| predecessor = ] | predecessor = ]
| successor = ] | successor = ]
| spouse = ] | spouse =
| issue = ] (wife of ]) | issue = ] (wife of ])
| royal house = ] | dynasty = ]
| father = ] | father = ]
| mother = Bhagirathi | mother = Bhagirathi
| birth_date = 4 April 1565 | birth_date = 4 April 1565
| birth_place = ], ]<br/>(now in ], India) | birth_place = ], ]<br/>(now in ], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1612|1|11|1565|4|4|df=yes}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1612|1|11|1565|4|4|df=yes}}
| death_place = Daulat Khan-e-Ali Palace, ]<br/>(now in Telangana, India) | death_place = Daulat Khan-e-Ali Palace, ]
|succession=5th ]}} | succession = 5th ]
}}
⚫ ]
'''Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah''' (4 April 1565{{spaced ndash}}11 January 1612) was the fifth sultan of the ] of ] and founded the city of ],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Zad93Q6KZOuM4jrH99qaeN/Opinion--A-Hyderabadi-conundrum.html |newspaper=] |date=15 November 2018 |first1=Manu S. |last1=Pillai |title=Opinion: A Hyderabadi conundrum}}</ref> in South-central ] and built its architectural centerpiece, the ]. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah: Founder of Haidarabad |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/muhammad-quli-qutb-shah-founder-haidarabad |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=INDIAN CULTURE |language=en}}</ref> '''Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah''' (4 April 1565{{spaced ndash}}11 January 1612) was the fifth sultan of the ] and founder of the city of ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Zad93Q6KZOuM4jrH99qaeN/Opinion--A-Hyderabadi-conundrum.html |newspaper=] |date=15 November 2018 |first1=Manu S. |last1=Pillai |title=Opinion: A Hyderabadi conundrum}}</ref> He built its architectural centerpiece, the ]. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah: Founder of Haidarabad |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/muhammad-quli-qutb-shah-founder-haidarabad |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Indian Culture}}</ref>


==Birth, early life and personal life== ==Early life and reign==


Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of ] and Hindu Mother Bhagirathi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prince;Poet;Lover;Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B_iDQAAQBAJ |last1=Luther |first1=Narendra |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=1991|isbn=9788123023151 }}</ref> He was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in ], ] and ].<ref name="Schimmel" >{{cite book |first1=Annemarie |last1=Schimmel |title=Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl'' |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |year=1975 |page=143}}</ref> As the first author in the ], he composed his verses in the Persian ''diwan'' style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, ''gazal-i musalsal''.<ref name="Schimmel" /> Muhammad Quli's ''Kulliyat'' comprised 1800 pages, over half were ''gazals'', ''qasidas'' on one hundred pages, while the rest contained over 300 pages of ''matnawi'' and ''marsiyas.''<ref name="Schimmel" /> Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of ] of the ] and Hindu mother Bhagirathi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prince; Poet; Lover; Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B_iDQAAQBAJ |last1=Luther |first1=Narendra |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=1991|isbn=9788123023151 }}</ref>


== Reign of Muhammad Quli Qutb ==
] ]
] in ] was built by Quli Qutub Shah]]Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah succeeded his father Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah in the year 1580 at the age of 15 years.<ref name=":0" /> His rule lasted for 31 years, his contemporaries were ], Jagat Guru and ] He faced minor rebellions on eastern and western fronts during the initial years of his rule. He lead the troops himself and defeated Ali Khan Loor and Yashwant Raj.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=K̲h̲ān̲ |first=Masʻūd Ḥusain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4UKJFLZVcEC&dq=muhammad+quli+qutb+shah&pg=PA1 |title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah |date=1996 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0233-7 |language=en}}</ref> ] in ] was built by Quli Qutub Shah]]Muhammad succeeded his father in the year 1580 at the age of 15.<ref name=":0" /> His rule lasted for 31 years. He faced minor rebellions on the eastern and western fronts of the sultanate during the initial years of his rule. He led the troops himself and defeated Ali Khan Loor and Yashwant Raj.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=K̲h̲ān̲ |first=Masʻūd Ḥusain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4UKJFLZVcEC&dq=muhammad+quli+qutb+shah&pg=PA1 |title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah |date=1996 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0233-7}}</ref>


In 1592 further disturbance was created by Shah Saheb for ascending the throne. During this time he sent Aitbar Khan with a large troop and he defeated Shah Saheb. Amidst the chaos Muhammad Quli was still able to patronage art and establish the city of Hyderabad.<ref name=":1" /> His reign is considered the high point of Qutb Shahi dynasty.<ref name=":0" /> In 1592 further disturbance was created by Shah Saheb for ascending the throne. During this time he sent Aitbar Khan with a large troop and he defeated Shah Saheb. Amidst the chaos Muhammad Quli was still able to patronage art and establish the city of Hyderabad.<ref name=":1" /> His reign is considered the high point of the Sultanate of Golconda.<ref name=":0" />


== City of Hyderabad == === Founding of Hyderabad ===
From the time of his father Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, there was a high influx of populace into the city of Golkonda, which lead to over-crowding and unhygienic conditions. This created the need for an extension or new city. <ref name=":0" /> The construction of Hyderabad was initiated in 1591, on the southern bank of the River Musi. Before construction he prayed by reciting the following couplet for the welfare of the city "Make my city full of people, like you keep the river full of fish."<ref name=":1" /> From the time of his father Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, there was a high influx of populace into the city of ], which led to over-crowding and unhygienic conditions. This created the need for an extension or new city.<ref name=":0" /> The construction of Hyderabad was initiated in 1591, on the southern bank of the ]. Before construction he prayed by reciting the following couplet for the welfare of the city: "Make my city full of people, like you keep the river full of fish."<ref name=":1" />


There is a degree of folklore associated with selection of the land for the new city of Hyderabad. It is said that once the King was coming back from a hunt and he crossed the bridge across River Musi and arrived at the flat land which pleased him. However, Muhammad Quli must have been aware of the presence of this land and the story is a romanticised version.<ref name=":0" /> There is a degree of folklore associated with selection of the land for the new city of Hyderabad. It is said that once the sultan was coming back from a hunt and he crossed the bridge across River Musi and arrived at the flat land which pleased him. However, Muhammad Quli must have been aware of the presence of this land and the story is a romanticised version.<ref name=":0" />


The city was planned in a gridiron manner with ] in the centre and other important palaces and administrative buildings along the surrounding axes. Other important buildings which were constructed in the following years are ], ], ] and several palaces which have been demolished over the years.<ref name=":1" /> The city was planned in a gridiron manner with the ] in the centre and other important palaces and administrative buildings along the surrounding axes. Other important buildings which were constructed in the following years such as ], ], ] and several palaces which have since been demolished.<ref name=":1" />


Muhammad Quli also planned several gardens throughout the city, which came to be known as "Garden City" and the same is mentioned in several travellers' accounts. Rafi-uddin Shirazi mention in ] that the entire city looked likes a vast garden.<ref name=":1" /> Muhammad Quli also planned several gardens throughout the city.<ref name=":1" />


== Patronage of Art and Literature == === Patronage of art and literature ===
⚫ ]
Muhammad Quli was a patron o poetry, paintings, calligraphy and architecture. Major scripts used in this period are Nastaliq, Naksh, Kufi, Tughra and Sulus. A unique inscription is on Mecca Masjid in Nastaliq script, a script not known anywhere else in the Deccan region. Another inscription in the same mosque is a verse of the Quran carved in Naksh style.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Weinstein |first=Laura |date=2014 |title=Variations On A Persian Theme |url=https://www.academia.edu/36862807 |journal=The Visual World of Muslim India|doi=10.5040/9780755603831.ch-008 |isbn=978-0-7556-0561-3 }}</ref> Muhammad Quli was a patron of poetry, paintings, calligraphy and architecture. Major scripts used in this period are Nastaliq, Naksh, Kufi, Tughra and Sulus. A unique inscription is on Mecca Masjid in Nastaliq script, a script not known anywhere else in the Deccan region. Another inscription in the same mosque is a verse of the Quran carved in Naksh style.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Weinstein |first=Laura |date=2014 |title=Variations On A Persian Theme |url=https://www.academia.edu/36862807 |journal=The Visual World of Muslim India|doi=10.5040/9780755603831.ch-008 |isbn=978-0-7556-0561-3 }}</ref>


Poetry was another forte of Muhammad Quli and he is considered one of the first poets to write in the Dakhni language. He wrote in a wide range of genres from religious to romantic to profane. <ref name=":0" /> One of his works is the ], and the original manuscript is exhibited at ], Hyderabad.<ref name=":2" /> Apart from Dakhni-Urdu, he also wrote in Telugu. Born and brought up in Hyderabad, he was fluent in Telugu as well.<ref name=":0" /> His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled "Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah." He was the first ''Saheb-e-dewan'' Urdu poet<ref name="First 'saheb-e-dewan' Urdu Poet">{{cite news |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary | title=Quli Qutub Shah remembered on his 400th death anniversary |work=] | date=14 January 2012 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118034525/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary }}</ref> Muhammad Quli was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in ], ] and ].<ref name="Schimmel" >{{cite book |first1=Annemarie |last1=Schimmel |title=Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |year=1975 |page=143}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He is considered one of the first poets to write in the ] language. He wrote in a wide range of genres from religious to romantic to profane.<ref name=":0" /> He composed his verses in the Persian ''diwan'' style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, ''gazal-i musalsal''.<ref name="Schimmel" /> His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled ''Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah''.<ref name="First 'saheb-e-dewan' Urdu Poet"/> Over half of its 1800 pages were ''gazals'', while ''qasidas'' were present on one hundred pages, and the rest over 300 pages of ''matnawi'' and ''marsiyas.''<ref name="Schimmel" /> He was the first ''Saheb-e-dewan'' Urdu poet.<ref name="First 'saheb-e-dewan' Urdu Poet">{{cite news |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary | title=Quli Qutub Shah remembered on his 400th death anniversary |work=] | date=14 January 2012 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118034525/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary }}</ref>


Physicians who wrote ] books on ] during his reign include Mir Momin (''Ikhtiyarat-i Qutub Shahi''), Shamsuddin Ali Husain al-Jurjani (''Tazkirat-i Kahhalin''), Hakim Shamsuddin bin Nuruddin (''Zubdat-ul Hukama''), ] (''Tibb-i Farid''), Taqiuddin Muhammad bin Sadruddin Ali (''Mizan-ul Tabai'''), Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani (''Majmu'a-i Hakim-ul mulk''), and Ismai'l bin Ibrahim Tabrezi (''Tazkirat-ul Hukama'').<ref>{{cite book |first1=Syed Ejaz |last1=Hussain |chapter=Rise and Decline of Surgery in Indigenous Medicine with Emphasis on Unani-tibb |editor1-first=Mohit |editor1-last=Saha |editor2-first=Syed Ejaz |editor2-last=Hussain |title=India's Indigenous Medical Systems: A Cross-disciplinary Approach |year=2015 |publisher=Primus |isbn=9789380607627 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDoOswEACAAJ }}</ref> Physicians who wrote ] books on ] during his reign include Mir Momin (''Ikhtiyarat-i Qutub Shahi''), Shamsuddin Ali Husain al-Jurjani (''Tazkirat-i Kahhalin''), Hakim Shamsuddin bin Nuruddin (''Zubdat-ul Hukama''), ] (''Tibb-i Farid''), Taqiuddin Muhammad bin Sadruddin Ali (''Mizan-ul Tabai'''), Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani (''Majmu'a-i Hakim-ul mulk''), and Ismai'l bin Ibrahim Tabrezi (''Tazkirat-ul Hukama'').<ref>{{cite book |first1=Syed Ejaz |last1=Hussain |chapter=Rise and Decline of Surgery in Indigenous Medicine with Emphasis on Unani-tibb |editor1-first=Mohit |editor1-last=Saha |editor2-first=Syed Ejaz |editor2-last=Hussain |title=India's Indigenous Medical Systems: A Cross-disciplinary Approach |year=2015 |publisher=Primus |isbn=9789380607627 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDoOswEACAAJ }}</ref>


== Notes == == References ==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


==References== ===Sources===
* Sangaychay Mala by Gajanan Pole * Sangaychay Mala by Gajanan Pole
* Prime Ministers of Qutubshhs by Sri Bhopal Rao * Prime Ministers of Qutubshhs by Sri Bhopal Rao
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==Further reading== ==Further reading==
*Luther, Narendra 1991 *Luther, Narendra (1991). ''''.


==External links== ==External links==
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{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


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5th Sultan of Golconda
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
5th Sultan of Golconda
Reign5 June 1580 – 11 January 1612
Coronation1586
PredecessorIbrahim Quli Qutb Shah
SuccessorSultan Muhammad Qutb Shah
Born4 April 1565
Golconda, Golconda Sultanate
(now in Telangana, India)
Died11 January 1612(1612-01-11) (aged 46)
Daulat Khan-e-Ali Palace, Hyderabad
IssueHayat Bakshi Begum (wife of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah)
DynastyQutb Shahi dynasty
FatherIbrahim Quli Qutb Shah
MotherBhagirathi
ReligionSunni Islam

Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (4 April 1565 – 11 January 1612) was the fifth sultan of the Sultanate of Golconda and founder of the city of Hyderabad. He built its architectural centerpiece, the Charminar. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.

Early life and reign

Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali of the Sultanate of Golconda and Hindu mother Bhagirathi.

The Shah's wedding party with his bride, the Hindu dancing-girl Bhagmati.
Charminar in Hyderabad was built by Quli Qutub Shah

Muhammad succeeded his father in the year 1580 at the age of 15. His rule lasted for 31 years. He faced minor rebellions on the eastern and western fronts of the sultanate during the initial years of his rule. He led the troops himself and defeated Ali Khan Loor and Yashwant Raj.

In 1592 further disturbance was created by Shah Saheb for ascending the throne. During this time he sent Aitbar Khan with a large troop and he defeated Shah Saheb. Amidst the chaos Muhammad Quli was still able to patronage art and establish the city of Hyderabad. His reign is considered the high point of the Sultanate of Golconda.

Founding of Hyderabad

From the time of his father Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, there was a high influx of populace into the city of Golconda, which led to over-crowding and unhygienic conditions. This created the need for an extension or new city. The construction of Hyderabad was initiated in 1591, on the southern bank of the River Musi. Before construction he prayed by reciting the following couplet for the welfare of the city: "Make my city full of people, like you keep the river full of fish."

There is a degree of folklore associated with selection of the land for the new city of Hyderabad. It is said that once the sultan was coming back from a hunt and he crossed the bridge across River Musi and arrived at the flat land which pleased him. However, Muhammad Quli must have been aware of the presence of this land and the story is a romanticised version.

The city was planned in a gridiron manner with the Charminar in the centre and other important palaces and administrative buildings along the surrounding axes. Other important buildings which were constructed in the following years such as Dar-ul-Shifa, Mecca Masjid, Badshahi Ashurkhana and several palaces which have since been demolished.

Muhammad Quli also planned several gardens throughout the city.

Patronage of art and literature

Dancing before Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Golconda, about 1590

Muhammad Quli was a patron of poetry, paintings, calligraphy and architecture. Major scripts used in this period are Nastaliq, Naksh, Kufi, Tughra and Sulus. A unique inscription is on Mecca Masjid in Nastaliq script, a script not known anywhere else in the Deccan region. Another inscription in the same mosque is a verse of the Quran carved in Naksh style.

Muhammad Quli was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in Persian, Telugu and Urdu. He is considered one of the first poets to write in the Deccani Urdu language. He wrote in a wide range of genres from religious to romantic to profane. He composed his verses in the Persian diwan style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, gazal-i musalsal. His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah. Over half of its 1800 pages were gazals, while qasidas were present on one hundred pages, and the rest over 300 pages of matnawi and marsiyas. He was the first Saheb-e-dewan Urdu poet.

Physicians who wrote Persian language books on Unani medicine during his reign include Mir Momin (Ikhtiyarat-i Qutub Shahi), Shamsuddin Ali Husain al-Jurjani (Tazkirat-i Kahhalin), Hakim Shamsuddin bin Nuruddin (Zubdat-ul Hukama), Abdullah Tabib (Tibb-i Farid), Taqiuddin Muhammad bin Sadruddin Ali (Mizan-ul Tabai'), Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani (Majmu'a-i Hakim-ul mulk), and Ismai'l bin Ibrahim Tabrezi (Tazkirat-ul Hukama).

References

  1. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  2. Pillai, Manu S. (15 November 2018). "Opinion: A Hyderabadi conundrum". Mint.
  3. ^ "Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah: Founder of Haidarabad". Indian Culture. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  4. Luther, Narendra (1991). Prince; Poet; Lover; Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 9788123023151.
  5. ^ K̲h̲ān̲, Masʻūd Ḥusain (1996). Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0233-7.
  6. Weinstein, Laura (2014). "Variations On A Persian Theme". The Visual World of Muslim India. doi:10.5040/9780755603831.ch-008. ISBN 978-0-7556-0561-3.
  7. ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl. Otto Harrassowitz. p. 143.
  8. ^ "Quli Qutub Shah remembered on his 400th death anniversary". The Siasat Daily. 14 January 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012.
  9. Hussain, Syed Ejaz (2015). "Rise and Decline of Surgery in Indigenous Medicine with Emphasis on Unani-tibb". In Saha, Mohit; Hussain, Syed Ejaz (eds.). India's Indigenous Medical Systems: A Cross-disciplinary Approach. Primus. p. 68. ISBN 9789380607627.

Sources

Further reading

External links

Preceded byIbrahim Quli Qutb Shah Qutb Shahi dynasty
1580-1612 		Succeeded bySultan Muhammad Qutb Shah
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