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{{Distinguish|Tatar confederation|Tatars|Chinese Tatars}}
{{Infobox country {{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Tatar | conventional_long_name = Tatar
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| year_start = 1388 | year_start = 1388
| year_end = 1635 | year_end = 1635
| event_start = ] killed ], abolished the dynadtic name Great Yuan, and proclaimed himself Khan | event_start = ] killed ], abolished the dynastic name Great Yuan, and proclaimed himself Khan
| date_start = | date_start =
| date_event1 = | date_event1 =
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| today = | today =
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'''Tatar''' ({{zh|t=韃靼|s=鞑靼|p=Dádá}}; {{langx|mn|татар}}; ]: {{MongolUnicode|ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠷ|lang=mn|font-size=1em|style=middle}}; 1388 – 12 June 1635<ref>{{Cite book|first=Yongnian|last=Cao|title=内蒙古通史|volume=2|location=People Republic of China|publisher=Inner Mongolia University Publishing House|date=September 2007|pages=452|ISBN=9787811152111|language=zh}}</ref>) was a general term used by the ] to refer to the nomadic peoples in the north. During the ], it specifically referred to the Eastern Mongols.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Song |first=Yirui |title=中國歷史之旅：明朝風雲 |date=9 March 2018 |publisher=Sun Ya Publications (HK) Ltd |isbn=9789620869679 |location=People Republic of China |pages=87 |language=zh-hant}}</ref> In the early 15th century, the Mongolian tribes were divided into two major groups: the Eastern and the Western. The eastern part of the ] was composed of tribes that were originally ruled by the ] court. They were nomadic and inhabited both the northern and southern regions of the ]. The Ming dynasty referred to them as "Tatars." The western part was inhabited by the ], located in the northwest of the ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wang |first=Yongqiang |title=中国少数民族文化史图典: 北方卷 |date=1 August 1999 |publisher=Guangxi Education Publishing House |isbn=9787543528475 |location=People Republic of China |pages=108 |language=zh}}</ref> The "Tatars" were ruled by the Golden Family, descendants of the ], or by other Mongol branches who were not direct descendants but still considered part of the original Mongol lineage. Their ancestors were the ] mentioned in the ''New History of Yuan''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hu |first=Naian |title=中國民族系支簡篇 |date=1968 |publisher=Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission |location=Republic of China |language=zh-hant}}</ref> '''Tatar''' ({{zh|t=韃靼|s=鞑靼|p=Dádá}}; {{langx|mn|татар}}; ]: {{MongolUnicode|ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠷ|lang=mn|font-size=1em|style=middle}}; 1388 – 12 June 1635<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cao |first=Yongnian |title=内蒙古通史 |date=September 2007 |publisher=Inner Mongolia University Publishing House |isbn=9787811152111 |volume=2 |location=People Republic of China |pages=452 |language=zh}}</ref>) was a general term used by the ] to refer to the nomadic peoples in the north. During the ], it specifically referred to the Eastern Mongols.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Song |first=Yirui |title=中國歷史之旅：明朝風雲 |date=9 March 2018 |publisher=Sun Ya Publications (HK) Ltd |isbn=9789620869679 |location=People Republic of China |pages=87 |language=zh-hant}}</ref> In the early 15th century, the Mongolian tribes were divided into two major groups: the Eastern and the Western. The eastern part of the ] was composed of tribes that were originally ruled by the ] court. They were nomadic and inhabited both the northern and southern regions of the ]. The Ming dynasty referred to them as "Tatars." The western part was inhabited by the ], located in the northwest of the ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wang |first=Yongqiang |title=中国少数民族文化史图典: 北方卷 |date=1 August 1999 |publisher=Guangxi Education Publishing House |isbn=9787543528475 |location=People Republic of China |pages=108 |language=zh}}</ref> The "Tatars" were ruled by the Golden Family, descendants of the ], or by other Mongol branches who were not direct descendants but still considered part of the original Mongol lineage. Their ancestors were the ] mentioned in the ''New History of Yuan''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hu |first=Naian |title=中國民族系支簡篇 |date=1968 |publisher=Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission |location=Republic of China |language=zh-hant}}</ref> The Mongols who were referred to as "Tatars" by the Ming called themselves '''The Forty Tumens''',<ref>{{cite journal |author=Dalijabu |title=北元史研究三题 |journal=Heilongjiang National Series |date=1991 |issue=2 |page=70 |language=zh}}</ref> and are also known as the '''Mongol heartland''' in modern times.<ref>{{cite web |title=蒙古族·历史沿革 |url=https://www.neac.gov.cn/seac/ztzl/mgz/lsyg.shtml |website=State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China |language=zh}}</ref>


During that period, Eastern Mongolia was divided into various independent tribes. Later, it was further divided into the left and right wings. The left wing consisted of the ], ], ], and ] tribes, while the right wing included the Yunshebuu, ], ], and ] tribes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Shaoyou |title=明代民族史 |last2=Mo |first2=Junqing |date=1 August 1996 |publisher=Sichuan Publishing House of Minority Nationalities |isbn=7540917741 |location=People Republic of China |pages=45 |language=zh}}</ref> During that period, Eastern Mongolia was divided into various independent tribes. Later, it was further divided into the left and right wings. The left wing consisted of the ], ], ], and ] tribes, while the right wing included the Yunshebuu, ], ], and ] tribes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Shaoyou |title=明代民族史 |last2=Mo |first2=Junqing |date=1 August 1996 |publisher=Sichuan Publishing House of Minority Nationalities |isbn=7540917741 |location=People Republic of China |pages=45 |language=zh}}</ref>

Revision as of 17:17, 26 December 2024

Not to be confused with Tatar confederation, Tatars, or Chinese Tatars.
Tatar
1388–1635
Tribes of the Mongolian Plateau during the Ming dynasty in the 15th century   Tatar,   Oirats.
Capital
  1. Karakorum (16th century)
  2. Chaganhaote (1617–1634)
Common languagesMongolian (Classical Mongolian)
Religion Shamanism, Tibetan Buddhism
GovernmentMonarchy
Khagan 
• 1388–1391 Jorightu Khan Yesüder (first)
• 1634–1635 Ejei Khan (last)
Historical eraLate Middle Ages
• Yesüder killed Tögüs Temür, Tianyuan Emperor of Yuan, abolished the dynastic name Great Yuan, and proclaimed himself Khan 1388
• Ejei surrendered to the Later Jin; the Great Mongol State officially perished 12 June 1635
Preceded by Succeeded by
Northern Yuan
Later Jīn
Outer Khalkha

Tatar (simplified Chinese: 鞑靼; traditional Chinese: 韃靼; pinyin: Dádá; Mongolian: татар; Mongolian script: ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠷ; 1388 – 12 June 1635) was a general term used by the Han Chinese to refer to the nomadic peoples in the north. During the Ming dynasty, it specifically referred to the Eastern Mongols. In the early 15th century, the Mongolian tribes were divided into two major groups: the Eastern and the Western. The eastern part of the Mongolian grasslands was composed of tribes that were originally ruled by the Northern Yuan court. They were nomadic and inhabited both the northern and southern regions of the Gobi Desert. The Ming dynasty referred to them as "Tatars." The western part was inhabited by the Oirats, located in the northwest of the Mongolian Plateau. The "Tatars" were ruled by the Golden Family, descendants of the Yuan dynasty, or by other Mongol branches who were not direct descendants but still considered part of the original Mongol lineage. Their ancestors were the Black Tatars mentioned in the New History of Yuan. The Mongols who were referred to as "Tatars" by the Ming called themselves The Forty Tumens, and are also known as the Mongol heartland in modern times.

During that period, Eastern Mongolia was divided into various independent tribes. Later, it was further divided into the left and right wings. The left wing consisted of the Chahars, Khalkha, Uriankhai, and Khorchin tribes, while the right wing included the Yunshebuu, Ordos, Tumed, and Asud tribes.

References

  1. Bakaeva, E. P.; Orlova, K. V. (2003). "Монгольские этнонимы:вопросы происхождения и этнического состава Монгольских народов" [Mongolian ethnonyms: questions of the origin and ethnic composition of the Mongolian peoples] (PDF). Kalmyk Scientific Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  2. Cao, Yongnian (September 2007). 内蒙古通史 (in Chinese). Vol. 2. People Republic of China: Inner Mongolia University Publishing House. p. 452. ISBN 9787811152111.
  3. Song, Yirui (9 March 2018). 中國歷史之旅：明朝風雲 (in Traditional Chinese). People Republic of China: Sun Ya Publications (HK) Ltd. p. 87. ISBN 9789620869679.
  4. Wang, Yongqiang (1 August 1999). 中国少数民族文化史图典: 北方卷 (in Chinese). People Republic of China: Guangxi Education Publishing House. p. 108. ISBN 9787543528475.
  5. Hu, Naian (1968). 中國民族系支簡篇 (in Traditional Chinese). Republic of China: Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission.
  6. Dalijabu (1991). "北元史研究三题". Heilongjiang National Series (in Chinese) (2): 70.
  7. "蒙古族·历史沿革". State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese).
  8. Yang, Shaoyou; Mo, Junqing (1 August 1996). 明代民族史 (in Chinese). People Republic of China: Sichuan Publishing House of Minority Nationalities. p. 45. ISBN 7540917741.
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