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{{Short description|American politician (born 1942)}} | ||
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2018}} | {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
| name = Anna Eshoo | | name = Anna Eshoo | ||
| image = Anna Eshoo |
| image = Anna Eshoo 113th Congress.jpg | ||
| caption = Official portrait, 2013 | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | | state = ] | ||
⚫ | | constituency = {{ushr|CA|14|14th district}} (1993–2013)<br>{{ushr|CA|18|18th district}} (2013–2023)<br>{{ushr|CA|16|16th district}} (2023–present) | ||
| term_start = January 3, 1993 | | term_start = January 3, 1993 | ||
| term_end = | | term_end = <!-- January 3, 2025 --> | ||
| predecessor = ] ( |
| predecessor = ] (redistricted) | ||
| successor = | | successor = ] (elect) | ||
⚫ | | constituency = {{ushr|CA|14|14th district}} (1993–2013)<br />{{ushr|CA|18|18th district}} (2013–2023)<br />{{ushr|CA|16|16th district}} (2023–present<!-- 2025 -->) | ||
| birth_name = Anna A. Georges<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V66V-99T|title=FamilySearch.org|website=] }}</ref> | |||
| birth_name = Anna Georges | |||
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|12|13}} | | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|12|13}} | ||
| birth_place = ], U.S. | | birth_place = ], U.S. | ||
| |
| death_date = | ||
| death_place = | |||
| party = ] | | party = ] | ||
| spouse = George Eshoo (divorced) | | spouse = George Eshoo (divorced) | ||
| children = 2 | | children = 2 | ||
| education = ] (AA) | | education = ] (]) | ||
| website = |
| website = {{url|eshoo.house.gov|House website}} | ||
|module = {{Listen | |||
|pos = center | |||
|embed = yes | |||
|filename = Rep. Anna Eshoo on Congressional Oversight.ogg | |||
|title = Eshoo's voice | |||
|type = speech | |||
|description = Eshoo on congressional oversight of the executive branch<br/>Recorded May 27, 2010}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Anna A. Eshoo''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|ʃ|uː}} {{Respell| |
'''Anna A. Eshoo''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|ʃ|uː}} {{Respell|EH|shoo}}; née '''Georges'''; born December 13, 1942)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V66V-99T |title=FamilySearch.org |website=]}}</ref> is an American politician serving as the ] from {{ushr|CA|16}}. She is a member of the ]. The district, numbered as the 18th district from 2013 to 2023, is based in ], including the cities of ], ], ], and ], as well as part of ]. Eshoo is the only ] in Congress and the only ] woman in Congress. On November 21, 2023, she announced she would not seek re-election in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Irwin |first1=Lauren |title=Democratic Rep. Anna Eshoo to retire at end of term | ||
|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4320994-democratic-rep-anna-eshoo-to-retire-at-end-of-term/ |website=The Hill |access-date=21 November 2023 |date=21 November 2023}}</ref> | |||
== Early life and education == | == Early life and education == | ||
Anna Eshoo was born in ], of ] and ] heritage.<ref> |
Anna Eshoo was born in ], of ] and ] heritage.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreitman |first=Keith |date=2006-10-27 |url=http://www.smdailyjournal.com/article_preview.php?id=66134 |title=Anna Eshoo has come a long way in Congress |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115052609/http://www.smdailyjournal.com/article_preview.php?id=66134 |archivedate=2006-11-15 |work=Daily Journal |location=San Mateo County, Calif. }}</ref> Her mother had fled from Armenia to Iraq, and subsequently to the United States. Her father, Fred Georges, a ] and ], was a ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Allen-Ebrahimian |first1=Bethany |title=The Real War on Christianity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/26/magazine/is-this-the-end-of-christianity-in-the-middle-east.html |website=] |date=2015-07-22 |access-date=2016-12-22 }}</ref> | ||
Eshoo graduated from ] in 1960, and later moved to California.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} She received an ] degree in English from ] in 1975.<ref name="canadagov">{{cite web |url=https://guides.canadacollege.edu/government_information |date=2024-02-13 |title=From Cañada College to Congress: Rep. Anna Eshoo (Government & Politics: How to contact your elected officials) |first=Cynthia |last=McCarthy |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001061002/https://guides.canadacollege.edu/government_information |archivedate=2023-10-01 |accessdate=2024-03-13 |quote=Congresswoman Anna Eshoo, Cañada College, class of '75, now represents the area where she lives and attended college. She earned an Associate of Arts in English from Cañada College within a decade of the college's official opening. Later she served as a San Mateo County Supervisor for ten years. }}</ref> | |||
==Early political career== | ==Early political career== | ||
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====1988==== | ====1988==== | ||
In the middle of Eshoo's second term on the San Mateo Board of Supervisors, she ran for Congress in ]. She won the Democratic primary with a plurality of 43%,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=743616|title=Our Campaigns - CA District 12 - D Primary Race - Jun 07, 1988|access-date=November 19, 2014}}</ref> but lost the general election to Republican ] law professor ], 51–46%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=38104|title=Our Campaigns - CA District 12 Race - Nov 08, 1988|access-date=November 19, 2014}}</ref> | In the middle of Eshoo's second term on the San Mateo County Board of Supervisors, she ran for Congress in ]. She won the Democratic primary with a plurality of 43%,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=743616|title=Our Campaigns - CA District 12 - D Primary Race - Jun 07, 1988|access-date=November 19, 2014}}</ref> but lost the general election to Republican ] law professor ], 51–46%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=38104|title=Our Campaigns - CA District 12 Race - Nov 08, 1988|access-date=November 19, 2014}}</ref> | ||
====1992==== | ====1992==== | ||
Campbell gave up his congressional seat to make an unsuccessful bid for the ], and Eshoo entered the Democratic primary for the open seat, which had been renumbered as the ]. She won the seven-way primary with a plurality of 40%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207766|title=Our Campaigns - CA District 14 - D Primary Race - Jun 02, 1992|access-date= |
Campbell gave up his congressional seat to make an unsuccessful bid for the ], and Eshoo entered the Democratic primary for the open seat, which had been renumbered as the ]. She won the seven-way primary with a plurality of 40%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207766 |title=Our Campaigns - CA District 14 - D Primary Race - Jun 02, 1992 |access-date=2014-11-19 }}</ref> | ||
In the general election, she defeated the Republican nominee, ] ], 57%–39%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27522 |title=Our Campaigns - CA District 14 Race - Nov 03, 1992 |access-date=2014-11-19 }}</ref> | |||
====1994==== | ====1994==== | ||
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====2012==== | ====2012==== | ||
{{See also|2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California#District 18}} | {{See also|2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California#District 18}} | ||
After redistricting, Eshoo ran for and won reelection in ] based in San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz counties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annaeshoo4congress.com/anna/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=28|title=Anna Eshoo for Congress|access-date=November 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080903214823/http://annaeshoo4congress.com/anna/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=28|archive-date=September 3, 2008 |
After redistricting, Eshoo ran for and won reelection in ] based in San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz counties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annaeshoo4congress.com/anna/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=28|title=Anna Eshoo for Congress|access-date=November 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080903214823/http://annaeshoo4congress.com/anna/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=28|archive-date=September 3, 2008}}</ref> | ||
====2014==== | ====2014==== | ||
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{{See also|2020 United States House of Representatives elections in California#District 18}} | {{See also|2020 United States House of Representatives elections in California#District 18}} | ||
Eshoo beat challenger Rishi Kumar in the Democratic primary and was reelected in the general election. | Eshoo beat challenger Rishi Kumar in the Democratic primary and was reelected in the general election. | ||
==== 2022 ==== | |||
⚫ | {{See also|2022 United States House of Representatives elections in California#District 16}} | ||
Eshoo beat challenger Rishi Kumar in a rematch. | |||
===Tenure=== | ===Tenure=== | ||
] | ] | ||
In 2003, Eshoo was elected by her ] colleagues in the 108th Congress as an At-Large Democratic ], and she has served in that position to the present. | In 2003, Eshoo was elected by her ] colleagues in the 108th Congress as an At-Large Democratic ], and she has served in that position to the present. | ||
On January 30, 2008, Eshoo formally endorsed U.S. Senator ] for president.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/2008/01/30/anna-eshoo-endorses-obama/|title=Anna Eshoo endorses Obama - Political Blotter - Politics in the Bay Area and beyond|author=Bay Area News Group|date=January 30, 2008|work=ibabuzz.com|access-date=September 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906023040/http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/2008/01/30/anna-eshoo-endorses-obama/|archive-date=September 6, 2015 |
On January 30, 2008, Eshoo formally endorsed U.S. Senator ] for president.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/2008/01/30/anna-eshoo-endorses-obama/|title=Anna Eshoo endorses Obama - Political Blotter - Politics in the Bay Area and beyond|author=Bay Area News Group|date=January 30, 2008|work=ibabuzz.com|access-date=September 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906023040/http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/2008/01/30/anna-eshoo-endorses-obama/|archive-date=September 6, 2015}}</ref> | ||
Eshoo voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time in the ], according to a '']'' analysis. This results in a Biden Plus/Minus score of +0.4.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bycoffe |first1=Aaron |last2=Wiederkehr |first2=Anna |date=2021-04-22 |title=Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden? |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-congress-votes/house/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=FiveThirtyEight |language=en}}</ref> | |||
====Abortion==== | ====Abortion==== | ||
Eshoo opposed the ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eshoo |first1=Anna |title=Today, for the first time in history, the Supreme Court eliminated a constitutional right. With Roe gone, Republicans will now charge full speed ahead with their plans to ban abortion nationwide, arrest doctors for offering reproductive care, and criminalize contraception. |url=https://twitter.com/RepAnnaEshoo/status/1540366039623602176 |website=Twitter |access-date=27 June 2022 |language=en |date=24 June 2022}}</ref> | Eshoo opposed the ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eshoo |first1=Anna |title=Today, for the first time in history, the Supreme Court eliminated a constitutional right. With Roe gone, Republicans will now charge full speed ahead with their plans to ban abortion nationwide, arrest doctors for offering reproductive care, and criminalize contraception. |url=https://twitter.com/RepAnnaEshoo/status/1540366039623602176 |website=Twitter |access-date=27 June 2022 |language=en |date=24 June 2022}}</ref> In 2024, she signed an ] to the consolidated cases of ] and ] urging the Supreme Court to uphold the right to medical abortions under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA). | ||
==== Biodefense ==== | ==== Biodefense ==== | ||
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H.R. 6378 improves preparedness nationwide and response for public health emergencies by speeding up research and development on medical countermeasures. The bill also focuses on the needs of special populations such as seniors, the disabled, and children.<ref name=":0" /> | H.R. 6378 improves preparedness nationwide and response for public health emergencies by speeding up research and development on medical countermeasures. The bill also focuses on the needs of special populations such as seniors, the disabled, and children.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
In March 2018, Eshoo and Brooks launched the ]. Within a week, 21 members of Congress had joined. The caucus is "dedicated to strengthening our |
In March 2018, Eshoo and Brooks launched the ]. Within a week, 21 members of Congress had joined. The caucus is "dedicated to strengthening our nation's biodefense enterprise and national security." It will focus on chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats and pandemic outbreaks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://susanwbrooks.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/new-congressional-biodefense-caucus-launched|title=New Congressional Biodefense Caucus launched|date=March 5, 2018|work=Congresswoman Susan W. Brooks|access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref> | ||
====Campaign finance reform==== | ====Campaign finance reform==== | ||
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====Energy policy==== | ====Energy policy==== | ||
Eshoo has voted in favor of bills that expand the creation of jobs in renewable energy.<ref name="Spotlight">{{cite news | last=King| first=Katie| title =South Bay legislators split on clean energy legislation| work=San Jose Spotlight| date =September 25, 2020 | |
Eshoo has voted in favor of bills that expand the creation of jobs in renewable energy.<ref name="Spotlight">{{cite news | last=King| first=Katie| title =South Bay legislators split on clean energy legislation| work=San Jose Spotlight| date =September 25, 2020 |url=https://sanjosespotlight.com/south-bay-legislators-split-on-clean-energy-legislation/| access-date =September 27, 2021}}</ref> She has also supported energy tax credits for companies that use alternative, non-carbon fuel sources.<ref name="Palo">{{cite news | last=Fein| first=Geoff S.| title =Eshoo says energy tax credits a better idea| newspaper=Palo Alto Weekly| date =May 30, 2001 |url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/2001/2001_05_30.qeshoo.html| access-date =September 27, 2021}}</ref> More recently, she has expressed support for the continued funding of research into ].<ref name="EshooFusion">{{cite news | last=Irfan| first=Umair| title =E&E - Light at the end of the tunnel for fusion energy research? Not while the government is dark| publisher=Anna Eshoo| date =January 29, 2014 |url=https://eshoo.house.gov/media/in-the-news/ee-light-end-tunnel-fusion-energy-research-not-while-government-dark| access-date =September 27, 2021}}</ref> She is also a supporter of ] policies<ref name="SpotlightQA">{{cite news | last=King| first=Katie| title =Exclusive Q&A: U.S. House District 18 candidate Rep. Anna Eshoo| work=San Jose Spotlight| date =October 22, 2020 |url=https://sanjosespotlight.com/exclusive-qa-u-s-house-district-18-candidate-rep-anna-eshoo/| access-date =September 27, 2021}}</ref> and is a co-sponsor of the ] calling for Green New Deal legislation as an effort to combat climate change.<ref name="HR109">{{cite news |title =H.Res.109 - Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal| publisher=United States Congress| date =February 7, 2019 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/cosponsors| access-date =September 27, 2021}}</ref><ref name="HR332">{{cite news |title =H.Res.332 - Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal| publisher=United States Congress| date =April 20, 2021 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/332/cosponsors| access-date =September 27, 2021}}</ref> | ||
In February 2023, Eshoo, along with Representatives ] ({{uspolabbr|R|TX|14}}), ] ({{uspolabbr|D|TX|07}}), ] ({{uspolabbr|R|SC|01}}), ] ({{uspolabbr|D|VA|07}}), and ] ({{uspolabbr|D|NC|01}}), introduced the ], which aims to share federal offshore wind power revenue with states for coastal protection and restoration work. The bill was also introduced in the Senate.<ref name="Cassidy_release">{{Cite press release |title=Cassidy, Whitehouse Reintroduce Bill to Strengthen Revenue Sharing Program |date=2024-02-09 |url=https://www.cassidy.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/cassidy-whitehouse-reintroduce-bill-to-strengthen-revenue-sharing-program/}}</ref><ref name="Fletcher_release">{{Cite press release |title=Congresswoman Lizzie Fletcher Reintroduces Bipartisan Legislation To Strengthen Coastal Revenue Sharing Program |date=2024-02-09 |url=https://fletcher.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=4359}}</ref> | |||
====Health care==== | ====Health care==== | ||
Eshoo worked on the ] and was present during its signing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIwM0gkLF0s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/nIwM0gkLF0s| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=President Obama Signs Health Reform Into Law|via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> She believes in adding a ] to the Act to achieve universal health insurance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vekeo.com/event/repannaeshoo-67068/|title=Join the Conversation with Congresswoman Eshoo -|website=vekeo.com}}</ref> | Eshoo worked on the ] and was present during its signing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIwM0gkLF0s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/nIwM0gkLF0s| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=President Obama Signs Health Reform Into Law|date=March 23, 2010 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> She believes in adding a ] to the Act to achieve universal health insurance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vekeo.com/event/repannaeshoo-67068/|title=Join the Conversation with Congresswoman Eshoo -|website=vekeo.com}}</ref> | ||
====Human rights==== | ====Human rights==== | ||
Eshoo is a strong supporter of the ] movement. In 1992, when a ] mailer was directed at Supervisor Tom Nolan (the first openly gay supervisor in San Mateo and her opponent for her congressional seat), Eshoo stood fast in defending him, his record and years of service. She opposed the ] and the ]. Her website called the bill "discriminatory, singling out for the first time a minority to prevent their interests from being considered by the highest courts in the land."<ref>Anna Eshoo's </ref> | Eshoo is a strong supporter of the ] movement. In 1992, when a ] mailer was directed at Supervisor Tom Nolan (the first openly gay supervisor in San Mateo and her opponent for her congressional seat), Eshoo stood fast in defending him, his record and years of service. She opposed the ] and the ]. Her website called the bill "discriminatory, singling out for the first time a minority to prevent their interests from being considered by the highest courts in the land."<ref>Anna Eshoo's </ref> | ||
As one of just two ] members of Congress, Eshoo has worked hard to protect indigenous ] ] in ] from continuing ] and political exclusion. She authored an amendment to H.R. 2601, the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, stating that "special attention should be paid to the welfare of Chaldo-Assyrians and other indigenous Christians in Iraq."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/amendment.xpd?session=109&amdt=h483|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224185324/http://www.govtrack.us/congress/amendment.xpd?session=109&amdt=h483|title=Amendment 483 to Hr. 2601|archive-date=December 24, 2010}}</ref> | As one of just two ] members of Congress, Eshoo has worked hard to protect indigenous ] ] in ] from continuing ] and political exclusion. She authored an amendment to H.R. 2601, the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, stating that "special attention should be paid to the welfare of Chaldo-Assyrians and other indigenous Christians in Iraq."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/amendment.xpd?session=109&amdt=h483|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224185324/http://www.govtrack.us/congress/amendment.xpd?session=109&amdt=h483|title=Amendment 483 to Hr. 2601|archive-date=December 24, 2010}}</ref> | ||
Eshoo has been a strong supporter of the |
Eshoo has been a strong supporter of the congressional resolution recognizing the ]. She also supports closer ties between Armenia and the U.S. | ||
Eshoo has fought strongly against certain provisions of the ], particularly Section 215 (Access to Business Records), which gives federal investigators the right to obtain any tangible business record without a subpoena.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farrier |first=Jasmine |date=January 2007 |title=The Patriot Act's Institutional Story: More Evidence of Congressional Ambivalence |
Eshoo has fought strongly against certain provisions of the ], particularly Section 215 (Access to Business Records), which gives federal investigators the right to obtain any tangible business record without a subpoena.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farrier |first=Jasmine |date=January 2007 |title=The Patriot Act's Institutional Story: More Evidence of Congressional Ambivalence |journal=PS: Political Science & Politics |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=93–97 |doi=10.1017/s1049096507070151 |s2cid=154282713 |issn=1049-0965}}</ref> | ||
Eshoo also introduced "]," which would have given the U.S. Department of Agriculture the power to close down plants that produce contaminated meat. | Eshoo also introduced "]," which would have given the U.S. Department of Agriculture the power to close down plants that produce contaminated meat. | ||
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====Infrastructure==== | ====Infrastructure==== | ||
Eshoo has expressed support for President Biden's ], calling it "a visionary proposal to create millions of good-paying jobs while revitalizing |
Eshoo has expressed support for President Biden's ], calling it "a visionary proposal to create millions of good-paying jobs while revitalizing America's infrastructure" that "will bring the U.S. into the 21st century."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eshoo.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-eshoo-applauds-president-biden-s-american-jobs-plan-calls-it-modern|title=Rep. Eshoo Applauds President Biden's American Jobs Plan, Calls It a "Modern Solution to Modern Challenges"|date=March 31, 2021|website=Congresswoman Anna Eshoo}}</ref> | ||
====Taxes==== | ====Taxes==== | ||
Eshoo voted against the ] and has expressed support for repealing the SALT deduction cap, which she views as an unfair burden on the middle class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smdailyjournal.com/news/local/speier-eshoo-address-salt-deduction-cap/article_73b45cbc-968b-11eb-8f81-8b3fad4473f2.html|title=Speier, Eshoo address SALT deduction cap|first=Sierra Lopez Daily Journal|last=staff|website=San Mateo Daily Journal}}</ref> | Eshoo voted against the ] and has expressed support for repealing the SALT deduction cap, which she views as an unfair burden on the middle class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smdailyjournal.com/news/local/speier-eshoo-address-salt-deduction-cap/article_73b45cbc-968b-11eb-8f81-8b3fad4473f2.html|title=Speier, Eshoo address SALT deduction cap|first=Sierra Lopez Daily Journal|last=staff|website=San Mateo Daily Journal|date=April 6, 2021 }}</ref> | ||
====National security==== | ====National security==== | ||
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====Technology==== | ====Technology==== | ||
Eshoo authored two bills authorizing electronic signatures that became law, The ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.techlawjournal.com/congress/h2991/Default.htm|title=Summary: Digital Signatures Bills: HR 2991 and S 2107 |website=www.techlawjournal.com|access-date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> She also introduced controversial legislation to alleviate the proliferation of unsolicited email, known as ]. The U.S. House of Representatives passed The ] Act of 2003 (S. 877), which authorizes a |
Eshoo authored two bills authorizing electronic signatures that became law, The ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.techlawjournal.com/congress/h2991/Default.htm|title=Summary: Digital Signatures Bills: HR 2991 and S 2107 |website=www.techlawjournal.com|access-date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> She also introduced controversial legislation to alleviate the proliferation of unsolicited email, known as ]. The U.S. House of Representatives passed The ] Act of 2003 (S. 877), which authorizes a "Do Not Spam" list, regulates commercial email, and imposes fines on spammers. Eshoo authored the Consumer Internet Privacy Enhancement Act of 2001 (H.R. 237), created a program to provide discounts to schools and libraries for Internet access, and authored the Computer Donation Incentive Act.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} | ||
Eshoo introduced HR 2428, the ] of 2009.<ref name=hr2428_announce>{{cite web |url=http://eshoo.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=608&Itemid=79|title=Rep. Eshoo Introduces Broadband Conduit Legislation|author =Anna Eshoo}}</ref> The bill would require new federal road projects to include plastic conduits buried along the side of the roadway, and enough of them to "accommodate multiple broadband providers."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/05/new-bill-wants-fiber-conduit-built-into-every-road-project.ars|title=New bill wants fiber conduit built into every road project|date=May 20, 2009|author =Nate Anderson|publisher=]}}</ref> "According to industry experts, more than half of the cost of new broadband deployment is attributable to the expense of tearing up and repaving roads," Eshoo said. "By putting the broadband conduit in place while the ground beneath the roadways is exposed, we will enable any authorized communications provider to come in later and install fiber-optic cable at far less cost."<ref name=hr2428_announce /> The bill is supported by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/2009/06/google-submits-initial-comments.html|title=Google submits initial comments supporting a National Broadband Plan| |
Eshoo introduced HR 2428, the ] of 2009.<ref name=hr2428_announce>{{cite web |url=http://eshoo.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=608&Itemid=79|title=Rep. Eshoo Introduces Broadband Conduit Legislation|author =Anna Eshoo}}</ref> The bill would require new federal road projects to include plastic conduits buried along the side of the roadway, and enough of them to "accommodate multiple broadband providers."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/05/new-bill-wants-fiber-conduit-built-into-every-road-project.ars|title=New bill wants fiber conduit built into every road project|date=May 20, 2009|author =Nate Anderson|publisher=]}}</ref> "According to industry experts, more than half of the cost of new broadband deployment is attributable to the expense of tearing up and repaving roads," Eshoo said. "By putting the broadband conduit in place while the ground beneath the roadways is exposed, we will enable any authorized communications provider to come in later and install fiber-optic cable at far less cost."<ref name=hr2428_announce /> The bill is supported by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/2009/06/google-submits-initial-comments.html|title=Google submits initial comments supporting a National Broadband Plan|author=Richard Whitt |date=June 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://moderator.appspot.com/#15/e=a4977&t=a60d6|title=Submit your ideas for a National Broadband Plan|author=Richard Whitt |date=June 8, 2009|access-date=October 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728213327/http://moderator.appspot.com/#15/e=a4977&t=a60d6|archive-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> | ||
Together with Rep. ], Eshoo introduced the ] of 2009,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eshoo.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=639&Itemid=79|title=Reps. Eshoo and Markey Introduce Bill to Preserve Free and Open Internet|date=n.d.|author =Anna Eshoo}}</ref> which would make ] the law.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_5Ic5Ic0u4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/U_5Ic5Ic0u4| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=Two Million for Internet Freedom|date=August 3, 2009|author=]|website=] }}{{cbignore}}</ref> | Together with Rep. ], Eshoo introduced the ] of 2009,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eshoo.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=639&Itemid=79|title=Reps. Eshoo and Markey Introduce Bill to Preserve Free and Open Internet|date=n.d.|author =Anna Eshoo}}</ref> which would make ] the law.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_5Ic5Ic0u4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/U_5Ic5Ic0u4| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=Two Million for Internet Freedom|date=August 3, 2009|author=]|website=] }}{{cbignore}}</ref> | ||
Eshoo is co-chair of the Congressional Internet Caucus, a bipartisan group of over 150 members of the House and Senate working to educate their colleagues about the promise and potential of the Internet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netcaucus.org/members/|title=U.S. Congressional Internet Caucus: Membership in the 112th Congress|date=January 11, 2011|author =Congressional Internet Caucus Advisory Committee}}</ref> | Eshoo is co-chair of the Congressional Internet Caucus, a bipartisan group of over 150 members of the House and Senate working to educate their colleagues about the promise and potential of the Internet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netcaucus.org/members/|title=U.S. Congressional Internet Caucus: Membership in the 112th Congress|date=January 11, 2011|author =Congressional Internet Caucus Advisory Committee}}</ref> | ||
Eshoo supported the ], a bill that would make a number of changes to procedures that the ] (FCC) follows in its rulemaking processes.<ref name=3675cbo>{{cite web|title=H.R. 3675 – CBO|date=January 29, 2014|url=http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45057|publisher=Congressional Budget Office |access-date=March 10, 2014}}</ref> The FCC would have to act more transparently as a result of this bill, forced to accept public input about regulations.<ref name=PeteVotesTransparency>{{cite news|last=Kasperowicz|first=Pete|title=House votes for more transparency at the FCC|url= |
Eshoo supported the ], a bill that would make a number of changes to procedures that the ] (FCC) follows in its rulemaking processes.<ref name=3675cbo>{{cite web|title=H.R. 3675 – CBO|date=January 29, 2014|url=http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45057|publisher=Congressional Budget Office |access-date=March 10, 2014}}</ref> The FCC would have to act more transparently as a result of this bill, forced to accept public input about regulations.<ref name=PeteVotesTransparency>{{cite news|last=Kasperowicz|first=Pete|title=House votes for more transparency at the FCC|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/votes/200503-house-votes-for-more-transparency-at-the-fcc/ |access-date=March 12, 2014|newspaper=The Hill|date=March 11, 2014}}</ref> Eshoo expected Senate support for the bill, saying that they "shouldn't find it menacing" and arguing that the bill was "about the functioning of the FCC in the 21st century."<ref name=bachmanAdWeek>{{cite news|last=Bachman|first=Katy|title=Bipartisan FCC Process Reform Bill Gains Momentum |url=http://www.adweek.com/news/technology/bipartisan-fcc-process-reform-bill-gains-momentum-154441|access-date=March 12, 2014 |newspaper=Ad Week|date=December 11, 2013}}</ref> | ||
{{anchor|Banning Surveillance Advertising Act}}In 2022, Eshoo, Representative ], and Senator ]<ref name="zdnet/BSAA">{{cite news |last1=Condon |first1=Stephanie |title=Democrats propose a law to ban "surveillance advertising" |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/democrats-propose-a-law-to-ban-surveillance-advertising/ |access-date=9 October 2022 |work=] |date=January 18, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> introduced the Banning Surveillance Advertising Act (BSAA).<ref name="vice/akv7nz">{{cite news |last1=Cox |first1=Joseph |title=Lawmakers Plan Legislation to 'Ban Surveillance Advertising' |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/akv7nz/law-to-ban-surveillance-advertising |access-date=9 October 2022 |work=] |date=January 18, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eshoo, Schakowsky, Booker Introduce Bill to Ban Surveillance Advertising |url=https://eshoo.house.gov/media/press-releases/eshoo-schakowsky-booker-introduce-bill-ban-surveillance-advertising |website=Congresswoman Anna Eshoo |access-date=9 October 2022 |language=en |date=18 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Why marketers should take the Banning Surveillance Advertising Act seriously |url=https://www.insiderintelligence.com/content/why-marketers-should-take-banning-surveillance-advertising-act-seriously |access-date=9 October 2022 |work=Insider Intelligence}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Stephanie |title=Proposed Surveillance Advertising Ban, Meet Contextual Targeting |url=https://www.forrester.com/blogs/proposed-surveillance-advertising-ban-meet-contextual-targeting/ |website=] |access-date=9 October 2022 |date=22 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statement: EPIC Supports the Ban Surveillance Advertising Act |url=https://epic.org/statement-epic-supports-the-ban-surveillance-advertising-act/ |website=] |access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Chamber Letter on H.R. 6416, H.R. 6580, and H.R. 6796 |url=https://www.uschamber.com/technology/u-s-chamber-letter-on |website=] |date=February 28, 2022 |access-date=9 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hunt |first1=Motoko |title=The Banning Surveillance Advertising Act |url=https://www.ajpr.com/the-banning-surveillance-advertising-act/ |website=AJPR |access-date=9 October 2022 |date=25 January 2022 |
{{anchor|Banning Surveillance Advertising Act}}In 2022, Eshoo, Representative ], and Senator ]<ref name="zdnet/BSAA">{{cite news |last1=Condon |first1=Stephanie |title=Democrats propose a law to ban "surveillance advertising" |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/democrats-propose-a-law-to-ban-surveillance-advertising/ |access-date=9 October 2022 |work=] |date=January 18, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> introduced the Banning Surveillance Advertising Act (BSAA).<ref name="vice/akv7nz">{{cite news |last1=Cox |first1=Joseph |title=Lawmakers Plan Legislation to 'Ban Surveillance Advertising' |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/akv7nz/law-to-ban-surveillance-advertising |access-date=9 October 2022 |work=] |date=January 18, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eshoo, Schakowsky, Booker Introduce Bill to Ban Surveillance Advertising |url=https://eshoo.house.gov/media/press-releases/eshoo-schakowsky-booker-introduce-bill-ban-surveillance-advertising |website=Congresswoman Anna Eshoo |access-date=9 October 2022 |language=en |date=18 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Why marketers should take the Banning Surveillance Advertising Act seriously |url=https://www.insiderintelligence.com/content/why-marketers-should-take-banning-surveillance-advertising-act-seriously |access-date=9 October 2022 |work=Insider Intelligence}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Stephanie |title=Proposed Surveillance Advertising Ban, Meet Contextual Targeting |url=https://www.forrester.com/blogs/proposed-surveillance-advertising-ban-meet-contextual-targeting/ |website=] |access-date=9 October 2022 |date=22 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statement: EPIC Supports the Ban Surveillance Advertising Act |url=https://epic.org/statement-epic-supports-the-ban-surveillance-advertising-act/ |website=] |access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Chamber Letter on H.R. 6416, H.R. 6580, and H.R. 6796 |url=https://www.uschamber.com/technology/u-s-chamber-letter-on |website=] |date=February 28, 2022 |access-date=9 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hunt |first1=Motoko |title=The Banning Surveillance Advertising Act |url=https://www.ajpr.com/the-banning-surveillance-advertising-act/ |website=AJPR |access-date=9 October 2022 |date=25 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Eggerton |first1=John |title=Interactive Advertising Bureau: New Surveillance Ad Bill Is Devastating |url=https://www.nexttv.com/news/iab-new-surveillance-ad-bill-is-devastating |website=] |access-date=9 October 2022 |language=en |date=19 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Edelman |first1=Gilad |title=Biden Puts Big Tech's Favorite Business Model on Notice |url=https://www.wired.com/story/biden-targeted-ads-state-of-the-union/ |access-date=9 October 2022 |magazine=] |date=March 2, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lammi |first1=Glenn |title=Proponents of Regulating "Surveillance Advertising" Cannot Ignore the First Amendment |url=https://www.wlf.org/2022/02/07/wlf-legal-pulse/proponents-of-regulating-surveillance-advertising-cannot-ignore-the-first-amendment/ |website=Washington Legal Foundation |access-date=9 October 2022 |language=en |date=7 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Wendy |title=New Bill Would Outlaw Most Forms Of Behavioral Targeting |url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/370406/new-bill-would-outlaw-most-forms-of-behavioral-tar.html |website=] |access-date=9 October 2022 |language=en |date=January 18, 2022}}</ref> Frank Maggio, CEO and founder of React ], called the BSAA "rife with loopholes".<ref name="spiceworks/guest/surveillance-advertising">{{cite news |last1=Maggio |first1=Frank |title=Want To Solve Surveillance Advertising? Invite Consumers to the Table |url=https://www.spiceworks.com/marketing/programmatic-advertising/guest-article/want-to-solve-surveillance-advertising/ |access-date=9 October 2022 |work=Spiceworks |publisher=] |date=April 12, 2022}}</ref> The act was ].<ref name="spiceworks/guest/surveillance-advertising"/> According to ], some browsers with some extensions can block some surveillance and some advertising.<ref name="pcmag/online-ads-proposed-bill">{{cite news |last1=Pegoraro |first1=Rob |title=RIP Online Ads? Proposed Bill Would Ban 'Surveillance Advertising' |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/rip-online-ads-proposed-bill-would-ban-surveillance-advertising |access-date=9 October 2022 |work=] |date=January 19, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
=== Committee assignments === | === Committee assignments === | ||
For the ]:<ref>{{cite web |title=Anna G. Eshoo |url=https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000215 |publisher=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> | |||
* ] | |||
** ] |
** ] | ||
** ] (Ranking Member) | |||
=== Caucus memberships === | === Caucus memberships === | ||
{{div col}} | |||
* Congressional E-911 Caucus, Co-Chair<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nena.org/page/NextGen911Caucus|title=Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus|publisher=National Emergency Number Association|website=nena.org|access-date=October 27, 2018}}</ref> | * Congressional E-911 Caucus, Co-Chair<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nena.org/page/NextGen911Caucus|title=Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus|publisher=National Emergency Number Association|website=nena.org|access-date=October 27, 2018}}</ref> | ||
* Arthritis Caucus, Co-Chair<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arthritis.org/advocate/our-policy-priorities/awareness/build-a-strong-congressional-arthritis-caucus/arthritis-caucus-members.php|title=Arthritis Caucus Members|website=www.arthritis.org|access-date=October 27, 2018}}</ref> | * Arthritis Caucus, Co-Chair<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arthritis.org/advocate/our-policy-priorities/awareness/build-a-strong-congressional-arthritis-caucus/arthritis-caucus-members.php|title=Arthritis Caucus Members|website=www.arthritis.org|access-date=October 27, 2018}}</ref> | ||
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* Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues | * Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues | ||
* Congressional Caucus on Armenian Issues | * Congressional Caucus on Armenian Issues | ||
* Congressional Coalition on Adoption | |||
* Congressional Diabetes Caucus | * Congressional Diabetes Caucus | ||
* Congressional Food Safety Caucus | * Congressional Food Safety Caucus | ||
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* Long-Term Care Caucus | * Long-Term Care Caucus | ||
* United States-Philippines Friendship Caucus | * United States-Philippines Friendship Caucus | ||
*]<ref>{{cite web|title=Membership|url=https://artscaucus-slaughter.house.gov/membership|publisher=Congressional Arts Caucus|access-date=March 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140644/https://artscaucus-slaughter.house.gov/membership|archive-date=June 12, 2018 |
*]<ref>{{cite web|title=Membership|url=https://artscaucus-slaughter.house.gov/membership|publisher=Congressional Arts Caucus|access-date=March 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140644/https://artscaucus-slaughter.house.gov/membership|archive-date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> | ||
*]<ref>{{cite web|title=Members|url=http://www.ng911institute.org/about-the-congressional-nextgen-9-1-1-caucus|publisher=Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus|access-date=June 8, 2018|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142643/http://www.ng911institute.org/about-the-congressional-nextgen-9-1-1-caucus |
*]<ref>{{cite web|title=Members|url=http://www.ng911institute.org/about-the-congressional-nextgen-9-1-1-caucus|publisher=Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus|access-date=June 8, 2018|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142643/http://www.ng911institute.org/about-the-congressional-nextgen-9-1-1-caucus}}</ref> | ||
*]<ref>{{cite web|title=90 Current Climate Solutions Caucus Members|url=https://citizensclimatelobby.org/climate-solutions-caucus/| publisher=Citizen´s Climate Lobby |access-date=October 20, 2018}}</ref> | *]<ref>{{cite web|title=90 Current Climate Solutions Caucus Members|url=https://citizensclimatelobby.org/climate-solutions-caucus/| publisher=Citizen´s Climate Lobby |access-date=October 20, 2018}}</ref> | ||
{{div col end}} | |||
* ]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute|url=https://www.ccainstitute.org|language=en}}</ref> | |||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
Eshoo was married to attorney George Eshoo, with whom she has two children, Karen and Paul. Anna Eshoo and George Eshoo are divorced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eshoo, Anna |url=https://historysmc.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?keyword=Eshoo%2C+Anna |website=Person Record |publisher=San Mateo County History Museum |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> She resides in ].<ref>{{cite web | |
Eshoo was married to attorney George Eshoo, with whom she has two children, Karen and Paul. Anna Eshoo and George Eshoo are divorced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eshoo, Anna |url=https://historysmc.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?keyword=Eshoo%2C+Anna |website=Person Record |publisher=San Mateo County History Museum |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> She resides in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://paloaltoonline.com/news/2011/08/29/anna-eshoo-to-seek-another-term | title = Anna Eshoo to seek another term | last = Sheyner | first = Gennady | date = August 29, 2011 | website = Palo Alto Weekly | access-date = July 27, 2020}}</ref> She is a ]. She attends Sacred Heart-Oakwood Catholic Church.<ref name="Beria">{{cite web |last1=Beria |first1=Elyas |title=50 Most Beautiful People 2010 HTML Page 3 |url=https://thehill.com/capital-living/cover-stories/167515-50-most-beautiful-people-2010-html-page-3/ |website=TheHill |access-date=21 November 2020 |language=en |date=28 July 2010}}</ref> | ||
In 2010, Eshoo was named one of the "50 Most Beautiful People" on Capitol Hill by '']''.<ref name="Beria"/> | In 2010, Eshoo was named one of the "50 Most Beautiful People" on Capitol Hill by '']''.<ref name="Beria"/> | ||
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{{Election box candidate with party link no change | {{Election box candidate with party link no change | ||
| party = Democratic Party (United States) | | party = Democratic Party (United States) | ||
| candidate = ] | | candidate = ] | ||
| votes = 126,751 | | votes = 126,751 | ||
| percentage = 36.8 | | percentage = 36.8 | ||
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{{Election box begin no change | title=]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2012-general/12-us-reps.pdf |title=United States Representative |
{{Election box begin no change | title=]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2012-general/12-us-reps.pdf |title=United States Representative|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019044155/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2012-general/12-us-reps.pdf |archive-date=October 19, 2013|website=]}}</ref>}} | ||
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{{CongLinks | congbio=E000215 | votesmart=26741 | fec=H8CA12098 | congress=anna-eshoo/E000215 }} | {{CongLinks | congbio=E000215 | votesmart=26741 | fec=H8CA12098 | congress=anna-eshoo/E000215 }} | ||
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Revision as of 21:25, 26 December 2024
American politician (born 1942)
Anna Eshoo | |
---|---|
Official portrait, 2013 | |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California | |
Incumbent | |
Assumed office January 3, 1993 | |
Preceded by | Tom Campbell (redistricted) |
Succeeded by | Sam Liccardo (elect) |
Constituency | 14th district (1993–2013) 18th district (2013–2023) 16th district (2023–present) |
Personal details | |
Born | Anna Georges (1942-12-13) December 13, 1942 (age 82) New Britain, Connecticut, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse | George Eshoo (divorced) |
Children | 2 |
Education | Cañada College (AA) |
Website | House website |
Eshoo's voice
Eshoo on congressional oversight of the executive branch Recorded May 27, 2010 | |
Anna A. Eshoo (/ˈɛʃuː/ EH-shoo; née Georges; born December 13, 1942) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative from California's 16th congressional district. She is a member of the Democratic Party. The district, numbered as the 18th district from 2013 to 2023, is based in Silicon Valley, including the cities of Redwood City, Sunnyvale, Mountain View, and Palo Alto, as well as part of San Jose. Eshoo is the only Assyrian-American in Congress and the only Armenian American woman in Congress. On November 21, 2023, she announced she would not seek re-election in 2024.
Early life and education
Anna Eshoo was born in New Britain, Connecticut, of Assyrian and Armenian heritage. Her mother had fled from Armenia to Iraq, and subsequently to the United States. Her father, Fred Georges, a jeweler and watchmaker, was a Chaldean Christian.
Eshoo graduated from New Britain High School in 1960, and later moved to California. She received an Associate of Arts degree in English from Cañada College in 1975.
Early political career
Eshoo was Chair of the San Mateo Democratic Party from 1978 to 1982. She was also a member of the Democratic National Committee in the 1980s. She was chief of staff to Speaker pro tempore Leo McCarthy of the California State Assembly in 1981–82. Eshoo was elected to the San Mateo County Board of Supervisors in 1982 and served until 1992. She was president of the board in 1986.
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
1988
In the middle of Eshoo's second term on the San Mateo County Board of Supervisors, she ran for Congress in California's 12th congressional district. She won the Democratic primary with a plurality of 43%, but lost the general election to Republican Stanford law professor Tom Campbell, 51–46%.
1992
Campbell gave up his congressional seat to make an unsuccessful bid for the United States Senate, and Eshoo entered the Democratic primary for the open seat, which had been renumbered as the 14th district. She won the seven-way primary with a plurality of 40%.
In the general election, she defeated the Republican nominee, San Mateo County Supervisor Tom Huening, 57%–39%.
1994
She survived the Republican Revolution, winning reelection with 61% of the vote.
2008
See also: 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 14She won reelection against Republican Ronny Santana, 70–22%.
2010
See also: 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 14She won reelection against Republican Dave Chapman, 69–28%.
2012
See also: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 18After redistricting, Eshoo ran for and won reelection in California's 18th congressional district based in San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz counties.
2014
See also: 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 18After a bitter race that brought to the fore some dissatisfaction over party leadership, regarded as a proxy battle between Steny Hoyer and Nancy Pelosi, Eshoo lost a party vote to Frank Pallone for ranking member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee. Nancy Pelosi had said Eshoo's elevation to the top Democratic spot on that committee would be important for the Democrats, allowing Eshoo "to tap into lucrative fundraising interests in Silicon Valley and elsewhere that the committee has jurisdiction."
2016
See also: 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 182018
See also: 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 182020
See also: 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 18Eshoo beat challenger Rishi Kumar in the Democratic primary and was reelected in the general election.
2022
See also: 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 16Eshoo beat challenger Rishi Kumar in a rematch.
Tenure
In 2003, Eshoo was elected by her Democratic colleagues in the 108th Congress as an At-Large Democratic Whip, and she has served in that position to the present.
On January 30, 2008, Eshoo formally endorsed U.S. Senator Barack Obama for president.
Eshoo voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time in the 117th Congress, according to a FiveThirtyEight analysis. This results in a Biden Plus/Minus score of +0.4.
Abortion
Eshoo opposed the overturning of Roe v. Wade. In 2024, she signed an amicus brief to the consolidated cases of Moyle v. United States and Idaho v. United States urging the Supreme Court to uphold the right to medical abortions under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA).
Biodefense
On July 16, 2018, Eshoo introduced H.R. 6378, the Pandemic and All Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act (PAHPA), along with Representative Susan Brooks, Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Greg Walden, and Ranking Member Frank Pallone. The September 11 attacks and the deadly anthrax attacks that followed motivated Eshoo and former Representative Richard Burr to create the original PAHPA law, which coordinated responses to public health emergencies and developed medical countermeasures.
H.R. 6378 improves preparedness nationwide and response for public health emergencies by speeding up research and development on medical countermeasures. The bill also focuses on the needs of special populations such as seniors, the disabled, and children.
In March 2018, Eshoo and Brooks launched the Congressional Biodefense Caucus. Within a week, 21 members of Congress had joined. The caucus is "dedicated to strengthening our nation's biodefense enterprise and national security." It will focus on chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats and pandemic outbreaks.
Campaign finance reform
Eshoo's bill to require presidential and vice-presidential candidates to publicly disclose their last 10 federal tax returns was included in the For the People Act. She has said, "The For the People Act is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to restore the faith and function of American democracy".
Energy policy
Eshoo has voted in favor of bills that expand the creation of jobs in renewable energy. She has also supported energy tax credits for companies that use alternative, non-carbon fuel sources. More recently, she has expressed support for the continued funding of research into fusion power. She is also a supporter of Green New Deal policies and is a co-sponsor of the House resolutions calling for Green New Deal legislation as an effort to combat climate change.
In February 2023, Eshoo, along with Representatives Randy Weber (R‑TX 14th), Lizzie Fletcher (D‑TX 07th), Nancy Mace (R‑SC 01st), Abigail Spanberger (D‑VA 07th), and Don Davis (D‑NC 01st), introduced the Reinvesting in Shoreline Economies and Ecosystems Act, which aims to share federal offshore wind power revenue with states for coastal protection and restoration work. The bill was also introduced in the Senate.
Health care
Eshoo worked on the Affordable Care Act and was present during its signing. She believes in adding a public option to the Act to achieve universal health insurance.
Human rights
Eshoo is a strong supporter of the gay rights movement. In 1992, when a gay-bashing mailer was directed at Supervisor Tom Nolan (the first openly gay supervisor in San Mateo and her opponent for her congressional seat), Eshoo stood fast in defending him, his record and years of service. She opposed the Marriage Protection Amendment and the Marriage Protection Act. Her website called the bill "discriminatory, singling out for the first time a minority to prevent their interests from being considered by the highest courts in the land."
As one of just two Assyrian members of Congress, Eshoo has worked hard to protect indigenous Assyrian Christians in Iraq from continuing religious persecution and political exclusion. She authored an amendment to H.R. 2601, the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, stating that "special attention should be paid to the welfare of Chaldo-Assyrians and other indigenous Christians in Iraq."
Eshoo has been a strong supporter of the congressional resolution recognizing the Armenian genocide. She also supports closer ties between Armenia and the U.S.
Eshoo has fought strongly against certain provisions of the Patriot Act, particularly Section 215 (Access to Business Records), which gives federal investigators the right to obtain any tangible business record without a subpoena.
Eshoo also introduced "Kevin's law," which would have given the U.S. Department of Agriculture the power to close down plants that produce contaminated meat.
As an Assyrian and Armenian American, Eshoo is co-chair and co-founder of the Religious Minorities in the Middle East Caucus. She also serves on the Board of Advisors of The Institute on Religion and Public Policy, a freedom of religion organization.
Immigration
Eshoo has worked to create a legal "pathway to citizenship" for foreign workers of all kinds, from doctors and computer programmers to migrant farm workers. She has voted to increase the annual cap on H-1B visas to allow more temporary foreign professionals to work in the United States (especially those with Master's Degrees or higher).
In California, where as much as 90% of the agricultural workforce is composed of undocumented immigrants, Eshoo cosponsored H.R. 371, the Agricultural Jobs Act, which would confer blue-card status on undocumented immigrants who had worked an agricultural job in the United States for 150 days or more. This bill never became law.
Infrastructure
Eshoo has expressed support for President Biden's American Jobs Plan, calling it "a visionary proposal to create millions of good-paying jobs while revitalizing America's infrastructure" that "will bring the U.S. into the 21st century."
Taxes
Eshoo voted against the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and has expressed support for repealing the SALT deduction cap, which she views as an unfair burden on the middle class.
National security
On July 29, 2015, Eshoo co-introduced H.R. 3299, the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act of 2015, which would streamline government decisions and provide incentives for vaccines and treatment of dangerous pathogens and diseases. Eshoo co-sponsored the legislation with lead sponsor Rep. Susan Brooks in response to an October 2015 report by the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense.
Other legislation includes:
- H.R. 1275, American Dream Act, cosponsor – Allows states to provide tuition to students that are illegal immigrants, provided they meet certain criteria.
- H.R. 1379, Citizen Promotion Act, cosponsor – Assists lawfully admitted aliens in becoming permanent citizens of the United States.
- H.R. 2221, Uniting American Families Act, cosponsor – Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to include "or permanent partner" where spouse occurs.
Technology
Eshoo authored two bills authorizing electronic signatures that became law, The Government Paperwork Elimination Act of 1998 (GPEA) and ESIGN. She also introduced controversial legislation to alleviate the proliferation of unsolicited email, known as spam. The U.S. House of Representatives passed The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 (S. 877), which authorizes a "Do Not Spam" list, regulates commercial email, and imposes fines on spammers. Eshoo authored the Consumer Internet Privacy Enhancement Act of 2001 (H.R. 237), created a program to provide discounts to schools and libraries for Internet access, and authored the Computer Donation Incentive Act.
Eshoo introduced HR 2428, the Broadband Conduit Deployment Act of 2009. The bill would require new federal road projects to include plastic conduits buried along the side of the roadway, and enough of them to "accommodate multiple broadband providers." "According to industry experts, more than half of the cost of new broadband deployment is attributable to the expense of tearing up and repaving roads," Eshoo said. "By putting the broadband conduit in place while the ground beneath the roadways is exposed, we will enable any authorized communications provider to come in later and install fiber-optic cable at far less cost." The bill is supported by Google.
Together with Rep. Ed Markey, Eshoo introduced the Internet Freedom Preservation Act of 2009, which would make Net Neutrality the law.
Eshoo is co-chair of the Congressional Internet Caucus, a bipartisan group of over 150 members of the House and Senate working to educate their colleagues about the promise and potential of the Internet.
Eshoo supported the Federal Communications Commission Process Reform Act of 2013 (H.R. 3675; 113th Congress), a bill that would make a number of changes to procedures that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) follows in its rulemaking processes. The FCC would have to act more transparently as a result of this bill, forced to accept public input about regulations. Eshoo expected Senate support for the bill, saying that they "shouldn't find it menacing" and arguing that the bill was "about the functioning of the FCC in the 21st century."
In 2022, Eshoo, Representative Jan Schakowsky, and Senator Cory Booker introduced the Banning Surveillance Advertising Act (BSAA). Frank Maggio, CEO and founder of React LLC, called the BSAA "rife with loopholes". The act was tabled. According to PC Magazine, some browsers with some extensions can block some surveillance and some advertising.
Committee assignments
For the 118th Congress:
- Committee on Energy and Commerce
- Subcommittee on Communications and Technology
- Subcommittee on Health (Ranking Member)
Caucus memberships
- Congressional E-911 Caucus, Co-Chair
- Arthritis Caucus, Co-Chair
- Caucus on Religious Minorities in the Middle East, Co-Chair and Founding Member
- Cancer Care Working Group, Co-Chair
- House 21st Century Health Care Caucus, Vice Chair
- House Information Technology Working Group, Co-Chair
- Congressional Internet Caucus, Founding Member and Co-Chair
- House Medical Technology Caucus, Co-Chair
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Caucus
- Bipartisan Congressional Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
- California Democratic Congressional Delegation
- Armenian Caucus
- Coalition for Autism Research and Education (CARE)
- Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
- Congressional Biomedical Research Caucus
- Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues
- Congressional Caucus on Armenian Issues
- Congressional Diabetes Caucus
- Congressional Food Safety Caucus
- Congressional Kidney Caucus
- Congressional Organic Caucus
- Congressional Prevention Coalition
- Congressional Shipbuilding Caucus
- Congressional Taiwan Caucus
- Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus
- House Biotechnology Caucus
- House Cancer Caucus
- House National Marine Sanctuary Caucus
- House Oceans Caucus
- House Recycling Caucus
- Long-Term Care Caucus
- United States-Philippines Friendship Caucus
- Congressional Arts Caucus
- Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus
- Climate Solutions Caucus
Personal life
Eshoo was married to attorney George Eshoo, with whom she has two children, Karen and Paul. Anna Eshoo and George Eshoo are divorced. She resides in Menlo Park, California. She is a Chaldean Catholic. She attends Sacred Heart-Oakwood Catholic Church.
In 2010, Eshoo was named one of the "50 Most Beautiful People" on Capitol Hill by The Hill.
Electoral history
Primary election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 81,100 | 47.9 | |
Democratic | Rishi Kumar | 26,438 | 15.6 | |
Republican | Peter Ohtaki | 21,354 | 12.6 | |
Republican | Richard Fox | 13,187 | 7.8 | |
Democratic | Ajwang Rading | 11,418 | 6.7 | |
Democratic | Greg Tanaka | 11,107 | 6.6 | |
Republican | Benjamin Solomon | 2,659 | 1.6 | |
No party preference | John Fredrich | 2,120 | 1.3 | |
Democratic | Travis Odekirk (write-in) | 2 | 0.0 | |
Total votes | 169,385 | 100.0 | ||
General election | ||||
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 139,081 | 57.8 | |
Democratic | Rishi Kumar | 101,663 | 42.2 | |
Total votes | 240,744 | 100.0 | ||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
General election | ||||
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 217,377 | 63.2 | |
Democratic | Rishi Kumar | 126,751 | 36.8 | |
Total votes | 344,127 | 100.0 | ||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
General election | ||||
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 225,142 | 74.4 | |
Republican | Christine Russell | 77,096 | 25.5 | |
Total votes | 302,238 | 100.0 | ||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 230,460 | 71.1 | |
Republican | Richard Fox | 93,470 | 28.9 | |
Total votes | 323,930 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 132,726 | 68.2 | |
Republican | Richard Fox | 47,484 | 24.4 | |
Democratic | Bob Harlow | 14,411 | 7.4 | |
Total votes | 194,621 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 133,060 | 67.8 | |
Republican | Richard B. Fox | 63,326 | 32.2 | |
Total votes | 196,386 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 212,831 | 70.5 | |
Republican | Dave Chapman | 89,103 | 29.5 | |
Total votes | 301,934 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 150,542 | 69.1 | |
Republican | Dave Chapman | 60,668 | 27.9 | |
Libertarian | Paul Lazaga | 6,685 | 3.0 | |
Total votes | 217,895 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 190,301 | 69.8 | |
Republican | Ronny Santana | 60,610 | 22.3 | |
Libertarian | Brian Holtz | 11,929 | 4.3 | |
Green | Carol Brouillet | 9,926 | 3.6 | |
Total votes | 272,766 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 141,153 | 71.1 | |
Republican | Rob Smith | 48,097 | 24.3 | |
Libertarian | Brian Holtz | 4,692 | 2.3 | |
Green | Carol Brouillet | 4,633 | 2.3 | |
Total votes | 198,575 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 182,712 | 69.8 | |
Republican | Chris Haugen | 69,564 | 26.6 | |
Libertarian | Brian Holtz | 9,588 | 3.6 | |
No party | Dennis Mitrzyk (write-in) | 24 | 0.01 | |
Total votes | 262,088 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 117,055 | 68.2 | |
Republican | Joe Nixon | 48,346 | 28.2 | |
Libertarian | Andrew B. Carver | 6,277 | 3.6 | |
Total votes | 171,678 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 161,720 | 70.3 | |
Republican | Bill Quraishi | 59,338 | 25.8 | |
Libertarian | Joseph W. Dehn III | 4,715 | 2.0 | |
Natural Law | John Black | 4,489 | 1.9 | |
Total votes | 230,262 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 129,663 | 68.64 | |
Republican | Chris Haugen | 53,719 | 28.44 | |
Libertarian | Joseph W. Dehn III | 3,166 | 1.68 | |
Natural Law | Anna Currivan | 2,362 | 1.25 | |
Total votes | 188,910 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 149,313 | 64.9 | |
Republican | Ben Brink | 71,573 | 31.1 | |
Peace and Freedom | Timothy Thompson | 3,653 | 1.6 | |
Libertarian | Joseph Dehn | 3,492 | 1.5 | |
Natural Law | Robert Wells | 2,144 | 0.9 | |
Total votes | 230,175 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo (incumbent) | 130,713 | 60.60 | |
Republican | Ben Brink | 78,475 | 39.40 | |
Total votes | 199,188 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anna Eshoo | 146,873 | 56.7 | |||
Republican | Tom Huening | 101,202 | 39.0 | |||
Libertarian | Chuck Olson | 7,220 | 2.8 | |||
Peace and Freedom | David Wald | 3,912 | 1.5 | |||
No party | Sims (write-in) | 12 | 0.01 | |||
No party | Maginnis (write-in) | 3 | 0.003 | |||
Total votes | 259,232 | 100.0 | ||||
Turnout | ||||||
Democratic gain from Republican |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Tom Campbell | 136,384 | 51.7 | |
Democratic | Anna Eshoo | 121,523 | 46.0 | |
Libertarian | Tom Grey | 6,023 | 2.3 | |
Total votes | 263,930 | 100.0 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Republican hold |
Organizations
- Chair, San Mateo County General Hospital Board of Directors, 1984–1992
- Member, American Association of University Women
- Former Chair, Bay Area Air Quality Management District
- Former Member, Bay Conservation and Development Commission
- Democratic Activists for Women Now
- Junior League of Palo Alto
- League of Conservation Voters
- Member, League of Women Voters
- Co Founder, San Mateo Women's Hall of Fame.
Awards and honors
- 1989 Legislator of the Year Award from the California's Governor's Committee on the Employing of the Disabled
- 1991 Margaret Sanger Community Service Award from San Mateo County Planned Parenthood
- 1990 Friend of BAYMEC Award
- 1989 Public Official of the Year by the State Commission on Aging
- 1987 Humanitarian of the Year by Easter Seal
- First woman to join her local chapter of Kiwanis International.
- Honorary doctorate, Humane Letters, Menlo College
See also
- Women in the United States House of Representatives
- List of Arab and Middle Eastern Americans in the United States Congress
References
- "FamilySearch.org". FamilySearch.
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Congresswoman Anna Eshoo, Cañada College, class of '75, now represents the area where she lives and attended college. She earned an Associate of Arts in English from Cañada College within a decade of the college's official opening. Later she served as a San Mateo County Supervisor for ten years.
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External links
- Congresswoman Anna G. Eshoo official U.S. House website
- Anna Eshoo for Congress campaign website
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
- Profile at Vote Smart
U.S. House of Representatives | ||
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Preceded byJohn Doolittle | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 14th congressional district 1993–2013 |
Succeeded byJackie Speier |
Preceded byDennis Cardoza | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 18th congressional district 2013–2023 |
Succeeded byZoe Lofgren |
Preceded byJim Costa | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 16th congressional district 2023–present |
Succeeded bySam Liccardo Elect |
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial) | ||
Preceded byJim Clyburn | United States representatives by seniority 14th |
Succeeded byBobby Scott |
California's delegation(s) to the 103rd–118th United States Congress (ordered by seniority) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- 1942 births
- Living people
- 20th-century members of the United States House of Representatives
- 20th-century American women politicians
- 20th-century Eastern Catholics
- 21st-century American women politicians
- 21st-century Eastern Catholics
- 21st-century members of the United States House of Representatives
- American Eastern Catholics
- American people of Iranian-Assyrian descent
- American people of Armenian descent
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- American politicians of Iranian descent
- California Democrats
- Catholics from Connecticut
- Catholic politicians from California
- American people of Assyrian descent
- Chaldean Catholics
- County supervisors in California
- Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California
- Female members of the United States House of Representatives
- Information Technology and Innovation Foundation
- Middle Eastern Christians
- People from Atherton, California
- Politicians from New Britain, Connecticut
- San Mateo County Supervisors
- Women in California politics