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{{Politics of Canada}} {{Politics of Canada}}
{{short description|Overview of liberalism in Canada}} {{short description|Overview of liberalism in Canada}}
Liberalism has been a major trend in Canadian politics since the late 18th century. Canada has the same features of other ] in the Western ] political tradition. This article gives an overview of liberalism in Canada. It includes a brief history of ] ] with substantial representation in parliament. Canadian liberalism is different from the American use of the term, as it contains ideas such as support for economic liberalism. '''Liberalism''' ({{langx|fr|Libéralisme}}) has been a major trend in Canadian politics since the late 18th century. Canada has the same features of other ] in the Western ] political tradition. This article gives an overview of liberalism in Canada. It includes a brief history of ] ] with substantial representation in parliament.

==Liberalism in Canadian history==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2015}}
Historically, Canada has had two liberal phases. Prior to the 1960s, Canadian politics were ], i.e., there was a focus on ], ], and ]s. This brand of liberalism can be traced to the arrival in Canada of the ] and the enactment of the ]. The Constitutional Act established representative government through the elected assemblies of Upper and Lower Canada. While the Loyalists were faithful to British institutions and opposed to American ], they were committed to North American ideals of individual liberty and representative government. This brand of liberalism was prominent through the Liberal government of ], which advocated such policies as free trade with the United States, and beyond.

The second liberalism began, roughly, in the 1960s with the election of ] as leader of the ] and can be traced through the politics of ], ], and ]. This liberalism is what is properly called in a global context ], or what contemporary North American use of the word signifies as liberalism: ], ], ], ], ], ] in ], and a regulated free market economy (during the Trudeau era the Liberals arguably supported a ]).

There is argued to be a third phase of liberalism emerging that is centred on a more sustainable form of politics. The argument is that action is needed to ensure that the environment, economy, and social elements of society will function not only in the short term, but long term as well. If action is not taken on all of these pressing issues then it can cause a direct threat to our freedoms. This emerging ] is centred on an ideal of 'timeless freedom' which seeks to preserve the freedom of future generations through proactive action today. This would extend both positive and negative rights and responsibilities to future generations.


==Liberal parties== ==Liberal parties==
Liberal parties developed in both the French and English speaking parts of Canada, and led to the formation of the Liberal Party of Canada. Liberal parties exist on a provincial level, but while they mostly share similar ideologies, not all provincial parties are officially affiliated with the federal party. Liberal parties developed in both the French and English speaking parts of Canada; these developments led to the formation of the Liberal Party of Canada. Liberal parties exist on a provincial level; however, while they mostly share similar ideologies, not all provincial parties are officially affiliated with the federal party.


In Canada, a "capital-L" ''liberal'' refers to the policies and ideas of the ]/''Parti Libéral du Canada'' (member ]), the most frequent governing party of Canada for the last century and one of the largest ] around the world. The ] (''Parti libéral du Québec'') combines liberalism with more ] ideas. Only federal parties are included in the following timeline. For inclusion in this scheme, it isn't necessary for parties to have explicitly labelled themselves as a liberal party. In Canada, a "capital-L" ''Liberal'' refers to the policies and ideas of the ]/''Parti Libéral du Canada'' (member ]), the most frequent governing party of Canada for the last century and one of the largest ] around the world. The ] (''Parti libéral du Québec'') combines liberalism with more ] ideas. Only federal parties are included in the following timeline. For inclusion in this scheme, it is not necessary for parties to have explicitly labelled themselves as a liberal party.


In 2023, The ] changed its name to the ], in the same year the ] changed its name to ].
===Timeline of the federal Liberal Party=== ===Timeline of the federal Liberal Party===


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===Current parties=== ===Current parties===
In addition to the federal party, each province and the ] territory has its own Liberal Party; however, those in ], ], ], ], ] and ] are no longer affiliated with the federal party. The ] is notably ] and often described as a "free enterprise coalition", with supporters from both the federal Liberal and Conservative parties.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McElroy |first1=Justin |title=Why the B.C. Liberals are sometimes liberal and sometimes not |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/why-the-b-c-liberals-are-sometimes-liberal-and-sometimes-not-1.4100339 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=August 13, 2019 |date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> Under their system of ], political parties are not recognized in the territories of ] and ]. In addition to the federal party, each province and the ] territory has its own Liberal Party; however, those in ], ], ], ], ] and ] are no longer affiliated with the federal party. Under their system of ], political parties are not recognized in the territories of ] and ].


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
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|colspan="2"|''']''' |colspan="2"|''']'''
|''']''' |''']'''
|style="text-align:center;"| ''']''' (])<br/>''']''' (]) |style="text-align:center;"| ''']''' (])<br/>''']''' (])
|] |]
|'''], ]''' |'''], ]'''
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!Leader !Leader
|- |-
| colspan="2"|] | colspan="2"|]
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"| ] | style="text-align:center;"| ]
| ]
| ]
| ] | '''], ]'''
|- |-
| colspan="2"| ''']''' | colspan="2"| ''']'''
| ''']''' | ''']'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''']''' | style="text-align:center;"| ''']'''
| ''']''' | ''']'''
| '''], ]''' | '''], ]'''
|- |-
| colspan="2"| ] | colspan="2"| ]
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"| ] | style="text-align:center;"| ]
⚫ | Third party
⚫ | Official Opposition
| ] (interim)
| ], ]
|- |-
| colspan="2"| ] | colspan="2"| ]
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"|] | style="text-align:center;"|]
⚫ | Official Opposition
⚫ | Third Party
| ] (interim) | ] (interim)
|- |-
!Unaffiliated parties !Unaffiliated parties
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| ] | ]
| 1987 | 1987
| ] | ]
| style="text-align:center;"|] | style="text-align:center;"|]
| No seats | No seats
| John Roggeveen (interim) | ]
⚫ |-
⚫ | ]
⚫ | 1987
| ]
| style="text-align:center;"| ]
| Official Opposition
| ], ]
|- |-
| ] | ]
| |
|] |]
| style="text-align:center;"|] | style="text-align:center;"|]
| Third party | Third party
| ] | ] (interim)
|- |-
|] |]
| 1976 | 1976
|] |]
| style="text-align:center;"|] | style="text-align:center;"|]
| Third party | Third party
|]
|] (interim)
|- |-
|] |]
| 1955 | 1955
|] |]
| style="text-align:center;"| ] | style="text-align:center;"| ]
| Official Opposition | Official Opposition
| ], ] | ], (interim) ]
⚫ |-
⚫ | ]
⚫ | 2009
| ]
| style="text-align:center;"| ]
| No seats
| Robert Rudachyk (interim)
|- |-
| ''']''' | ''']'''
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| '''], ]''' | '''], ]'''
|- |-
!Former party !Former parties
!Affiliation ended !Affiliation ended
!colspan=4|Details !colspan=4|Details
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| 1905 | 1905
|colspan="4"| No longer any recognized political parties due to ]. |colspan="4"| No longer any recognized political parties due to ].
⚫ |-
⚫ | ]
⚫ | 1987
|colspan="4"| Changed its name to ''BC United'' in 2023 and replaced their colors with teal and pink representing both conservatives and liberals.
⚫ |-
⚫ | ]
⚫ | 2009
|colspan="4"| Changed its name to ''Saskatchewan Progress Party'' in 2023 and replaced the colors to red, blue and yellow.
|} |}


Latest revision as of 14:02, 27 December 2024

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Overview of liberalism in Canada

Liberalism (French: Libéralisme) has been a major trend in Canadian politics since the late 18th century. Canada has the same features of other liberal democracies in the Western democratic political tradition. This article gives an overview of liberalism in Canada. It includes a brief history of liberal parties with substantial representation in parliament.

Liberal parties

Liberal parties developed in both the French and English speaking parts of Canada; these developments led to the formation of the Liberal Party of Canada. Liberal parties exist on a provincial level; however, while they mostly share similar ideologies, not all provincial parties are officially affiliated with the federal party.

In Canada, a "capital-L" Liberal refers to the policies and ideas of the Liberal Party of Canada/Parti Libéral du Canada (member LI), the most frequent governing party of Canada for the last century and one of the largest liberal parties around the world. The Quebec Liberal Party (Parti libéral du Québec) combines liberalism with more conservative ideas. Only federal parties are included in the following timeline. For inclusion in this scheme, it is not necessary for parties to have explicitly labelled themselves as a liberal party.

In 2023, The Saskatchewan Liberal Party changed its name to the Saskatchewan Progress Party, in the same year the British Columbia Liberal Party changed its name to BC United.

Timeline of the federal Liberal Party

Canadian Party / Patriot Party / Red Party

  • 1806: Liberals in the Francophone part of Canada formed the Canadian Party (Parti Canadien)
  • 1826: The party is renamed Patriot Party (Parti Patriote) and is led by Louis-Joseph Papineau
  • 1848: The party is further reorganised into the Red Party (Parti rouge)
  • 1867: The PR merged into the present-day Liberal Party of Canada

Reform Party

  • 1841: The Upper Canada Reform Party is formed
  • 1855: Radical members formed the Clear Grits.
  • 1867: The Reform Party merged into Liberal Party of Canada

Clear Grits / Liberal Party of Canada

  • 1855: Radical members of the Reform Party formed the Clear Grits
  • 1867: The Clear Grits merged with the Reform Party, the Red Party and provincial liberal parties into the present-day Liberal Party of Canada

Current parties

In addition to the federal party, each province and the Yukon territory has its own Liberal Party; however, those in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec are no longer affiliated with the federal party. Under their system of consensus government, political parties are not recognized in the territories of Nunavut and Northwest Territories.

Federal, provincial and territorial Liberal parties
Federal party Last election Seats/Total Status Leader
Liberal Party of Canada 2021 157/338 (House)
0/105 (Senate) 		Governing Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada
Affiliated parties Last election Seats/Total Status Leader
New Brunswick Liberal Association 2024 31/49 Governing Susan Holt, Premier of New Brunswick
Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador 2021 23/40 Governing Andrew Furey, Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador
Nova Scotia Liberal Party 2024 2/55 Third party Derek Mombourquette (interim)
Prince Edward Island Liberal Party 2023 3/27 Official Opposition Hal Perry (interim)
Unaffiliated parties Affiliation ended Last election Seats/Total Status Leader
Alberta Liberal Party 1987 2023 0/87 No seats John Roggeveen
Manitoba Liberal Party 2023 1/57 Third party Cindy Lamoureux (interim)
Ontario Liberal Party 1976 2022 9/124 Third party Bonnie Crombie
Quebec Liberal Party 1955 2022 19/125 Official Opposition Marc Tanguay, (interim) Leader of the Opposition
Yukon Liberal Party 2021 8/19 Governing Ranj Pillai, Premier of Yukon
Former parties Affiliation ended Details
Northwest Territories Liberal Party 1905 No longer any recognized political parties due to consensus government.
British Columbia Liberal Party 1987 Changed its name to BC United in 2023 and replaced their colors with teal and pink representing both conservatives and liberals.
Saskatchewan Liberal Party 2009 Changed its name to Saskatchewan Progress Party in 2023 and replaced the colors to red, blue and yellow.

Liberal leaders

Parti Patriote

Clear Grits

Parti Rouge

Liberal Party of Canada

Liberal thinkers

References


See also

Liberalism in Canada (by province or territory)
Provinces
Territories
Liberalism in North America
Sovereign states
Dependencies and
other territories
Categories: