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|INSEE = 86066 |INSEE = 86066
|postal code = 86100 |postal code = 86100
|mayor = ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|accessdate=12 December 2020|language=French}}</ref> |mayor = ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=6 June 2023|language=fr}}</ref>
|term = 2020&ndash;2026 |term = 2020&ndash;2026
|party = ] |party = ]
|intercommunality = CA Grand Châtellerault |intercommunality = ]
|coordinates = {{coord|46.8178|0.5461|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |coordinates = {{coord|46.8178|0.5461|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m = 60 |elevation m = 60
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}} }}


'''Châtellerault''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃa.tɛl.ʁo|pron}}) is a ] in the ] ] in the ] ] in ]. It is located in the northeast of the former province ], and the residents are called ''Châtelleraudais''. '''Châtellerault''' ({{IPA|fr|ʃatɛlʁo|pron|Fr-Paris--Châtellerault.ogg}}; ]: ''Châteulrô/Chateleràud''; {{langx|oc|Chastelairaud}}) is a ] in the ] ] in the ] ] in ]. It is located in the northeast of the former province ], and the residents are called ''Châtelleraudais''.


==Geography== ==Geography==
Châtellerault lies on the river ], a few km downstream from its confluence with the ] in ]. Châtellerault lies on the river ], a few km downstream from its confluence with the ] in ].


==History== ==History==
Châtellerault was an important stronghold on the northern march of Poitou, established by the ] to secure his borders in the early 10th century. The count's local representative, the ] was established as a hereditary appointment by the time of ] who was probably a kinsman of the ] and ]; his heirs were '']s'' (viscounts) until the mid-11th century. Châtellerault was an important stronghold on the northern march of Poitou, established by the ] to secure his borders in the early 10th century. The count's local representative, the ] was established as a hereditary appointment by the time of ] who was probably a kinsman of the ] and ]; his heirs were '']s'' (viscounts) until the mid-11th century.


The daughter of ], ] (''ca'' 1103 - ''ca'' 1130), whose mother had been the "mistress" in the new courtly love poetry of the ] lord ], sixth ] and ninth Duke of Aquitaine, who lodged in his tower the "]", married his son, ], and was mother of ]. The daughter of ], ] (c. 1103 – c. 1130), whose mother had been the "mistress" in the new courtly love poetry of the ] lord ], sixth ] and ninth Duke of Aquitaine, who lodged in his tower the "]", married his son, ], and was mother of ].


The title, ''Vicomte de Châtellerault,'' passed in turn to each of three great French noble families: ], ] and, from the thirteenth century until the ], to the family of ]. The title, ''Vicomte de Châtellerault,'' passed in turn to each of three great French noble families: ], ] and, from the thirteenth century until the ], to the family of ].


However, in return for services offered to the Crowns of ] and ], the title of ] (1548) was presented to ], Chief of the Name, and regent of Scotland during the infancy of ], and of ]. This title, though now without any benefices, remains in contention between the ] and the ] of Arran, respectively the ] and the ]. (See ], Lanarkshire.) However, in return for services offered to the Crowns of ] and ], the title of ] (1548) was presented to ], Chief of the Name, and regent of Scotland during the infancy of ], and of ]. This title, though now without any benefices, remains in contention between the ] and the ] of Arran, respectively the ] and the ]. (See ], Lanarkshire.)

==Population==

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|8760|Châtellerault}}</ref> and INSEE (1968–2017)<ref name=pophist>, INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |7725
|1800 |8193
|1806 |8970
|1821 |9183
|1831 |9437
|1836 |9695
|1841 |9636
|1846 |11584
|1851 |12433
|1856 |14084
|1861 |14210
|1866 |14278
|1872 |15606
|1876 |18053
|1881 |18280
|1886 |17402
|1891 |22522
|1896 |20014
|1901 |20801
|1906 |18180
|1911 |18260
|1921 |17600
|1926 |17720
|1931 |17704
|1936 |19369
|1946 |22809
|1954 |23583
|1962 |27079
|1968 |35337
|1975 |37080
|1982 |35838
|1990 |34678
|1999 |34126
|2007 |33993
|2012 |31537
|2017 |31840
}}


==Economy== ==Economy==
From medieval times, Châtellerault was known for its cutlery and swordmaking industry, and in 1816 the commune became a center for arms manufacture for the French government. The ] was one of France's four principal state-owned arms manufacturers, providing most of the infantry small arms used by the French Army and Navy. ''MAC'' was created in 1819, and operated continually until it was closed as a weapon manufacturing facility in 1968. It saw the creation in 1886, and later the mass production, of the ] which was the main French infantry weapon used during the First World War (1914–18). It also was the source of the first 500,000 production Model 1891 ] rifles, as the Russian armament industry could not tool up quickly enough to produce them for the rearmament of the Imperial Russian Army. From medieval times, Châtellerault was known for its cutlery and swordmaking industry, and in 1816 the commune became a center for arms manufacture for the French government. The ] was one of France's four principal state-owned arms manufacturers, providing most of the infantry small arms used by the French Army and Navy. ''MAC'' was created in 1819, and operated continually until it was closed as a weapon manufacturing facility in 1968. It saw the creation in 1886, and later the mass production, of the ] which was the main French infantry weapon used during the First World War (1914–1918). It also was the source of the first 500,000 production Model 1891 ] rifles, as the Russian armament industry could not tool up quickly enough to produce them for the rearmament of the ].


The facility has now been transformed into the central repository (]) of all the French military archives related to armament matters. Archived and declassified MAC records are open to ] scholars and researchers upon written request. The facility has now been transformed into the central repository (]) of all the French military archives related to armament matters. Archived and declassified MAC records are open to ] scholars and researchers upon written request.


==Personalities== ==Personalities==
Line 47: Line 93:
===Births=== ===Births===
Châtellerault was the birthplace of: Châtellerault was the birthplace of:
* ] (1103-1130), Duchess of Aquitaine * ] (1103–1130), Duchess of Aquitaine
* ] (c. 1485-1558), composer of the ] * ] (c. 1485–1558), composer of the ]
* ] (1594-1670), French Huguenot and Calvinist theologian * ] (1594–1670), French Huguenot and Calvinist theologian
* ] (1849-1920), pulmonologist * ] (1849–1920), pulmonologist
* ] (1881–1972), author, historian
* ] (1851-1897), creator, host and owner of ] ("The Black Cat") * ] (1851–1897), creator, host and owner of ] ("The Black Cat")
* ] (1909-2015), Fashion Designer, Recipient of the Highest French Civilion Honor, Commander of the Legion of Honor * ] (1909–2015), Fashion Designer, Recipient of the Highest French Civilion Honor, Commander of the Legion of Honor
* ] (born 1931), ] and ] of the ] * ] (born 1931), ] and ] of the ]
* ] (born 1969), former footballer * ] (born 1969), former footballer
Line 58: Line 105:


===Notable residents=== ===Notable residents===
* ] (1934- ), ] * ] (born 1934), ]
* ] (1956- ), writer * ] (born 1956), writer


==Twin towns - sister cities== ==Twin towns – sister cities==
Châtellerault is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Villes jumelles|url=https://www.ville-chatellerault.fr/chatellerault/relations-internationales/villes-jumelles|website=ville-chatellerault.fr|publisher=Châtellerault|language=fr|accessdate=2019-11-20}}</ref> Châtellerault is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Villes jumelles|url=https://www.ville-chatellerault.fr/chatellerault/relations-internationales/villes-jumelles|website=ville-chatellerault.fr|publisher=Châtellerault|language=fr|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=25em}} {{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*{{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany, since 1965 *{{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany, since 1965
*{{flagicon|BFA}} ], since 1976 *{{flagicon|BFA}} ], since 1976
*{{flagicon|ENG}} ], England, United Kingdom, since 1979 *{{flagicon|ENG}} ], England, United Kingdom, since 1979
*{{flagicon|CAN}} ], Canada, since 1984 *{{flagicon|CAN}} ]{{Citation needed|date=November 2021|reason=See talk}}, Kent County, ], Canada, since 1984
*{{flagicon|ESP}} ], Spain, since 1987 *{{flagicon|ESP}} ], Spain, since 1987
*{{flagicon|SCO}} ], Scotland, United Kingdom, since 1993 *{{flagicon|SCO}} ], Scotland, United Kingdom, since 1993
Line 86: Line 133:
* *
* *
* *


{{Vienne communes}} {{Vienne communes}}
Line 93: Line 140:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatellerault}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chatellerault}}
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 19:44, 27 December 2024

For the automatic weapons, see Chatellerault machine gun. Subprefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
Châtellerault
Subprefecture and commune
An aerial view of the centre of ChâtelleraultAn aerial view of the centre of Châtellerault
Coat of arms of ChâtelleraultCoat of arms
Location of Châtellerault
Châtellerault is located in FranceChâtelleraultChâtelleraultShow map of FranceChâtellerault is located in Nouvelle-AquitaineChâtelleraultChâtelleraultShow map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Coordinates: 46°49′04″N 0°32′46″E / 46.8178°N 0.5461°E / 46.8178; 0.5461
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentVienne
ArrondissementChâtellerault
CantonChâtellerault-1, 2 and 3
IntercommunalityCA Grand Châtellerault
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Jean-Pierre Abelin (UDI)
Area51.96 km (20.06 sq mi)
Population31,284
 • Density600/km (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code86066 /86100
Elevation42–134 m (138–440 ft)
(avg. 60 m or 200 ft)
French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Châtellerault (pronounced [ʃatɛlʁo] ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Châteulrô/Chateleràud; Occitan: Chastelairaud) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in France. It is located in the northeast of the former province Poitou, and the residents are called Châtelleraudais.

Geography

Châtellerault lies on the river Vienne, a few km downstream from its confluence with the Clain in Cenon-sur-Vienne.

History

Châtellerault was an important stronghold on the northern march of Poitou, established by the Count of Poitiers to secure his borders in the early 10th century. The count's local representative, the Vicomte de Châtellerault was established as a hereditary appointment by the time of Airaud who was probably a kinsman of the counts of Auvergne and dukes of Aquitaine; his heirs were vicomtes (viscounts) until the mid-11th century.

The daughter of Aymeric I, Ænor of Châtellerault (c. 1103 – c. 1130), whose mother had been the "mistress" in the new courtly love poetry of the troubadour lord William, sixth Count of Poitiers and ninth Duke of Aquitaine, who lodged in his tower the "Dangereuse de Châtellerault", married his son, William X of Aquitaine, and was mother of Eleanor of Aquitaine.

The title, Vicomte de Châtellerault, passed in turn to each of three great French noble families: La Rochefoucauld, Lusignan and, from the thirteenth century until the French Revolution, to the family of Harcourt.

However, in return for services offered to the Crowns of Scotland and France, the title of Duc de Châtellerault (1548) was presented to James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran, Chief of the Name, and regent of Scotland during the infancy of Mary, Queen of Scots, and of France. This title, though now without any benefices, remains in contention between the heir male and the heir general of Arran, respectively the Duke of Abercorn and the Duke of Hamilton. (See Chatelherault Country Park, Lanarkshire.)

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 7,725—    
1800 8,193+0.84%
1806 8,970+1.52%
1821 9,183+0.16%
1831 9,437+0.27%
1836 9,695+0.54%
1841 9,636−0.12%
1846 11,584+3.75%
1851 12,433+1.42%
1856 14,084+2.53%
1861 14,210+0.18%
1866 14,278+0.10%
1872 15,606+1.49%
1876 18,053+3.71%
1881 18,280+0.25%
1886 17,402−0.98%
1891 22,522+5.29%
1896 20,014−2.33%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 20,801+0.77%
1906 18,180−2.66%
1911 18,260+0.09%
1921 17,600−0.37%
1926 17,720+0.14%
1931 17,704−0.02%
1936 19,369+1.81%
1946 22,809+1.65%
1954 23,583+0.42%
1962 27,079+1.74%
1968 35,337+4.54%
1975 37,080+0.69%
1982 35,838−0.49%
1990 34,678−0.41%
1999 34,126−0.18%
2007 33,993−0.05%
2012 31,537−1.49%
2017 31,840+0.19%
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2017)

Economy

From medieval times, Châtellerault was known for its cutlery and swordmaking industry, and in 1816 the commune became a center for arms manufacture for the French government. The Manufacture d'armes de Châtellerault was one of France's four principal state-owned arms manufacturers, providing most of the infantry small arms used by the French Army and Navy. MAC was created in 1819, and operated continually until it was closed as a weapon manufacturing facility in 1968. It saw the creation in 1886, and later the mass production, of the Lebel rifle which was the main French infantry weapon used during the First World War (1914–1918). It also was the source of the first 500,000 production Model 1891 Mosin–Nagant rifles, as the Russian armament industry could not tool up quickly enough to produce them for the rearmament of the Imperial Russian Army.

The facility has now been transformed into the central repository (Centre des Archives de l'Armement et du Personnel) of all the French military archives related to armament matters. Archived and declassified MAC records are open to bona fide scholars and researchers upon written request.

Personalities

Births

Châtellerault was the birthplace of:

Notable residents

Twin towns – sister cities

Châtellerault is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6 June 2023.
  2. "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Châtellerault, EHESS (in French).
  4. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  5. "Villes jumelles". ville-chatellerault.fr (in French). Châtellerault. Retrieved 2019-11-20.

External links

Communes of the Vienne department
Categories: