Misplaced Pages

Turaiha: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 10:39, 13 March 2013 editSunilastin (talk | contribs)75 edits →Contemporary problems← Previous edit Latest revision as of 23:09, 27 December 2024 edit undoCitation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,408,446 edits Added work. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Eastmain | #UCB_webform 172/285 
(95 intermediate revisions by 53 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Hindu fishing caste}}
{{Multiple issues|orphan = March 2011|no footnotes = June 2011}}
<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the discussion has been closed. -->
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Turaiha|timestamp=20241225185117|year=2024|month=December|day=25|substed=yes|help=off}}
<!-- Once discussion is closed, please place on talk page: {{Old AfD multi|page=Turaiha|date=25 December 2024|result='''keep'''}} -->
<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=June 2011}}


'''Turaiha''' is a ] ] ] found in ] of ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=तुरैहा समाज को अनुसूचित जाति में करें शामिल |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/rampur/story-include-turaiha-society-in-scheduled-caste-4100202.html |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-20 |title=लाल बहादुर बने भारतीय तुरैहा समाज के युवा जिला अध्यक्ष - Ballia News - बलिया समाचार, Ballia खबर, Breaking News on Crime, Politics & more by बलिया LIVE |work=Ballia News - बलिया समाचार, Ballia खबर, Breaking News on Crime, Politics & more by बलिया LIVE - न TV न अखबार, बस खांटी समाचार |url=https://ballialive.in/2023/115530/ballia-district/sikandarpur/lal-bahadur-became-the-youth-district-president-of-indian-turaiha-samaj/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
'''Turaiha''' is a fishing related Hindu ], mostly found in Northern Indian states of United Province, Delhi, Bihar and Bengal. Main population of Turaiha depends on rivers, fish ponds and lakes. In ] they known as Turai, Turaha and Turahiya. As similar they found Agra, Gorakhpur, ], ], Oudh and Benares divisions of United Province.<ref>As described by W. Crooke 1896{{where|date=August 2012}}</ref>


==History== ==References==
⚫ {{reflist}}
The synonyms of Turaiha people are Turaha, Turai, Turahiya, Turah, Turha and Turaiya, These are all fisherman and Boatman and where they are, they usually engaged in fishing, cultivating ] (''singhara'') nut (Trapa Bispinosa) and making hand-held fans and baskets. In Gorakhpur and Benares divisions of United Province, they also grow vegetables, take fruit gardens and fisheries on contract. They are the best fishmongers of India. Turaiha community is near to ] tribe and also treated as '']'' (fishing caste).<ref>E.J. Kitts, in their compendium of Tribe & Castes of India: 1885</ref> But now many of them has started daily wage labour, farrywala and rickshaw pulling.


==Social status== ===Notes===
] states in the book ''"Hindu Castes and Sects"'' (1896)
<!-- ARE THESE WEIRD FORMATTING ERRORS IN THE ORIGINAL TEXT????? -->
{{quote|Turaiha are regarded as most depressed class of India. No fisherman can be said to have the right of being regarded as clean Sudras. Cause of uncleanness, So The fishing classes are certainly unclean, and they are treated as such. Some people do not catch fish, yet even they ought not to stand in a better position. They used to drink Liquor & Todi. Of Flash they eat Mutton, Fish, Pork, Tortoise and Crabs. Some of them eat field rats also. They are the servant class but untrusty and unworthy."}}


⚫ *{{cite book |title=The tribes and castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh |last=Crooke |first=William |author-link=William Crooke |year=1896 |publisher=Office of the superintendent of government printing |oclc=4770515 }}
==Origin==
⚫ *{{cite book |title=A compendium of the castes and tribes found in India |last=Kitts |first=Eustace J. |year=1885 |publisher=Education Society's Press |oclc=221519543 }}
In census report of 1931 A.C. Turner describes, "Turaha are an offshoot (Branch) from Kahar, who have a sub caste Turai in the plains and of Turaha in Hills. Now they form a distinct caste apart from Kahar. They are unknown about their origin but they accept, they have a relation with Sun God. They form one endogamous group. The Gotra (Clan) of Turaiha People is '']'' and they have no sub castes. Marriage by exchange is practiced. The dowry is largely prevalent and is paid in cash and kind but little more. Widow remarriage is freely allowed, and younger brother may take his elder brother's widow to wife if he chooses . Polygamy is permissible but is seldom practiced. The Turahas cremate their dead. Brahman avoids entering in their houses and do not take ''Pakki'' cooked by a Turaha. Turahas eat ''Kachcha'' food offered by any Brahman. Turahas take ''Pakki'' prepared by ]s, Kahar, Nai, ], Kalwar, Teli, ] and Pasi. There is one custom, which places Turaha quite apart from ] that they will not clean house hold utensils and for this reason they will not enter for domestic services. They are, however, no objection to acting as litter bearers. This difference is important as it differentiates the Turahas from Kahars, and suggests how they may have broken away from them." (United Provinces of Agra and Oudh Part-1 1933). After independence, like another depressed castes, Turaiha also declared as schedule caste in constitution of India .
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Hindu castes and sects: an exposition of the origin of the Hindu caste system and the bearing of the sects towards each other and towards other religious systems |last=Bhattacharya |first=Jogendra Nath |author-link=Jogendra Nath Bhattacharya |year=1896 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |oclc=11383590 }}

⚫ *{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1931, vol. XVIII. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Part I |last=Turner |first=A. C. |year=1933 |publisher=The Superintendent, Printing and stationery, United Provinces |oclc=79175745 }}
==Belief==
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rampur State |year=1911 |publisher=W.C. Abel, Govt. Press, United Provinces |oclc=15933577 }}
The Turaiha are Hindu. They regard themselves higher than Chamar and Bhangi. They belong to Shiva and Baghwat Sects. Their deities are siloman Baba, Amna Bhawani, Biratiya, Bhairo, Pancho Peer, Ghatoria Baba, Maadho Baba and Kalu Dev. They follows themselves to Guru Machchhendar Nath. They accept ''Mata ]'' and ''Veer ''] as their ancestors and regards them to frame their pictures in their houses. They celebrate their main festival in the month of Sawan held on Saturday with offering seven chief grains (Wheat, Rice, Gram, Urd, Barley, Peas and Til) with Bread and Kheer. Many people scarifies Pigs and goats to ''Sanichar Raja (Kalu Baba)''. ''Sanichar Raja (Kalu Baba)'' is the chief deity of Turaihas. They have an impermanent ''panchayat'' which consists of the whole ''biradari''. The ''Chaudhri'' presides and act as the executive officer of the community. Stern action is taken against anyone who fails to obey the ''panchayat'' which does not hesitate to order ''Hukka-Pani band''.
⚫ *{{cite book |title=A glossary of the tribes & castes of the Punjab & North-west frontier province |last=Rose |first=H. A. |year=1911 |publisher=Superintendent, government printing, Punjab |oclc=63616288 }}

*Retrieved January 24, 2019, from http://164.100.129.6/netnrega/state_html/UID_rpt_detail.aspx?DBT=&page=P&type=1&short_name=MH&state_name=MAHARASHTRA&state_code=18&district_name=SANGLI&district_code=1812&block_name=JATH&block_code=&panchayat_name=VHASPETH&panchayat_code=1812005145&fin_year=2014-2015&source=&Digest=NVy2UbhJ4gfnhqi/F4ln+w
==Contemporary problems==
The main problems of this community are frequent joblessness, lack of education and lifelong poverty. Turaiha people are mostly Landless labour and live in ''Kachche Houses''. 98% population of Turaiha people are living below poverty level. 0.1% people are educated and Socio-economic condition of the whole community is very poor. In Indian political reference, Caste factor plays an important role in election, so due to minority, lack of organization and disunity, there is no political Sound and Godfather of Turaihas. Although the government has declared Turaiha as schedule caste since 1952, but the beneficiaries are some other majority holding schedule castes only. The main organizations of Turaihas are Bhartiya Turaiha Mahasabha (Regd.) led by Dr. Ram Swaroop Verma {Aligarh}, Akhil Bhartiya Turaiha samaaj (Regd.) headed by Dr. Ram Avtar "Madhur" (Meerut) and Turaiha Machhuaara kanyaan Parishad (Regd.) presided by Dr. Kripaal Singh Turaiha (Rampur). Akhil Bhartiya Turaiha Samaj Bilari (Regd.) presided by Dr. Ajay pal Singh turaiha Vill. Khandwa (Moradabad)UP. Suneel Kumar Co-educator Akhil Bhartiya Samaj Bilari (Regd.) Moradabad. (U.P.) .) Vishnu Kumar Turaiha Assistant Bhartiya Turaiha Samaj Bilari (Regd.) Moradabad. (U.P.)

==Population==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2012}}
*India about 609,000
*Uttar Pradesh 175,000
*Bihar 248,000
*West Bengal 96,000
*Uttaranchal 10,000
*Delhi 55,000
*Jharkhand 25,000.

==References==
⚫ {{reflist}}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=The tribes and castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh |last=Crooke |first=William |authorlink=William Crooke |year=1896 |publisher=Office of the superintendent of government printing |oclc=4770515 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=A compendium of the castes and tribes found in India |last=Kitts |first=Eustace J. |year=1885 |publisher=Education Society's Press |oclc=221519543 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Hindu castes and sects: an exposition of the origin of the Hindu caste system and the bearing of the sects towards each other and towards other religious systems |last=Bhattacharya |first=Jogendra Nath |authorlink=Jogendra Nath Bhattacharya |year=1896 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |oclc=11383590 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1931, vol. XVIII. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Part I |last=Turner |first=A. C. |year=1933 |publisher=The Superintendent, Printing and stationary, United Provinces |oclc=79175745 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rampur State |year=1911 |publisher=W.C. Abel, Govt. Press, United Provinces |oclc=15933577 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=A glossary of the tribes & castes of the Punjab & North-west frontier province |last=Rose |first=H. A. |year=1911 |publisher=Superintendent, government printing, Punjab |oclc=63616288 |page= }}


] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 23:09, 27 December 2024

Hindu fishing caste
An editor has nominated this article for deletion.
You are welcome to participate in the deletion discussion, which will decide whether or not to retain it.Feel free to improve the article, but do not remove this notice before the discussion is closed. For more information, see the guide to deletion.
Find sources: "Turaiha" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR%5B%5BWikipedia%3AArticles+for+deletion%2FTuraiha%5D%5DAFD

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Turaiha is a Hindu fishing caste found in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

References

  1. "तुरैहा समाज को अनुसूचित जाति में करें शामिल". Hindustan (in Hindi). Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  2. "लाल बहादुर बने भारतीय तुरैहा समाज के युवा जिला अध्यक्ष - Ballia News - बलिया समाचार, Ballia खबर, Breaking News on Crime, Politics & more by बलिया LIVE". Ballia News - बलिया समाचार, Ballia खबर, Breaking News on Crime, Politics & more by बलिया LIVE - न TV न अखबार, बस खांटी समाचार. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2024.

Notes

Categories: