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{{Short description|Central historical museum of East Germany)}}
{{Expand German|Museum für Deutsche Geschichte}}
⚫ ].]]
⚫ ]
The '''Museum for German History''' (''Museum für Deutsche Geschichte'' or ''MfDG'') was the central historical museum of the ] (GDR), established in 1952 and closed in 1990. The '''Museum for German History''' (''Museum für Deutsche Geschichte'' or ''MfDG'') was the central historical museum of the ] (GDR), established in 1952 and closed in 1990.


==History== ==History==
]
The plans for the foundation of a historical museum date back to the formation of the GDR out of the ]. Its official foundation dates to the 7th plenary of the Central Committee of the ] (SED), which on 20 October 1951 called for the establishment of a museum of German history "to enlighten the population and especially young people". The first concept of what it should contain was the brainchild of the historian ], scientific secretary of the Institute for Marxist-Leninism for the Central Committee of the SED.<ref>{{in lang|de}} Stefan Ebenfeld: ''Geschichte nach Plan? Die Instrumentalisierung der Geschichtswissenschaft in der DDR am Beispiel des Museums für Deutsche Geschichte in Berlin (1950–1955)''. Tectum-Verlag, Marburg 2001.</ref> It was founded on 18 January 1952 in ]. It opened its first exhibition on 5 July that year in the building of the former business school at 26 Clara-Zetkin-Straße,<ref>{{in lang|de}} Detlef Brunner, Udo Grashoff, Andreas Kötzing (Hrsg.): ''Asymmetrisch verflochten? Neue Forschungen zur gesamtdeutschen Nachkriegseschichte'', Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86153-748-9, S. 23.</ref> until its intended home, the ], was completed in March 1953.<ref>{{in lang|de}} Regina Müller: ''Das Berliner Zeughaus. Die Baugeschichte.'' Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-89488-055-4, page 282.</ref>
On 20 October 1951 the seventh plenary of the ] of the ] (SED) called for the establishment of a museum of German history "to enlighten the population and especially young people". The historian ], scientific secretary of the ],<ref>{{in lang|de}} Stefan Ebenfeld: ''Geschichte nach Plan? Die Instrumentalisierung der Geschichtswissenschaft in der DDR am Beispiel des Museums für Deutsche Geschichte in Berlin (1950–1955)''. Tectum-Verlag, Marburg 2001.</ref> came up with the initial plans for its objects and displays. All team heads, heads of department, directors and deputy directors were to belong to the SED, whilst an academic council ensured that the displays were always based on the Marxist-Leninist view of history.


The Museum's first director was ], with Ullmann as his deputy. The formal foundation was on 18 January 1952 in ] and its first displays opened on 5 July that year in what had been a business school at 26 Clara-Zetkin-Straße,<ref>{{in lang|de}} Detlef Brunner, Udo Grashoff, Andreas Kötzing (ed.): ''Asymmetrisch verflochten? Neue Forschungen zur gesamtdeutschen Nachkriegseschichte'', Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86153-748-9, S. 23.</ref> until the restoration of the Museum's intended home, the ], was sufficiently complete in March 1953.<ref>{{in lang|de}} Regina Müller: ''Das Berliner Zeughaus. Die Baugeschichte.'' Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-89488-055-4, page 282.</ref> A team of 85 historians, curators and conservators created the initial permanent display under severe time pressure, only completing as far as 1848 by opening day and adding the rest by 1953.
Its first director was ], with Ullmann as his deputy. He was followed by ] from 1963 to 1967. Wolfgang Herbst ran the museum next. All these men belonged to the SED, whilst an academic council ensured that the displays were always based on the Marxist-Leninist view of history. With the end of the GDR, the ] closed the Museum in 1990 and transferred its collections to the ], which also took over the armoury as its headquarters. This also included the objects from Velten Furnace and Ceramics Museum, which had been displayed offsite there from 1970 to 1994.

Meusel was followed as director by ] (1963–1967) then ] (1967–1990). The GDR's ] closed the Museum in 1990 following the ]. The new federal government of reunified Germany transferred the Zeughaus and the former Museum's collections (including the objects it has loaned to the Velten Furnace and Ceramics Museum from 1970 to 1994) to the ].


== Displays == == Displays ==
===Permanent===<!--- ===Permanent===
The 1950s scheme was essentially retained throughout the Museum's history. It was slightly adapted to the changing times in the 1960s but even after an early 1980s renovation (reworking "From Prehistory to Liberation from Fascism" in 1981 and the section on the GDR's history in 1984) its essential character remained unchanged.
Die Dauerausstellung entstand im Wesentlichen in den 1950er Jahren. Zeitweise waren 85 Historiker, Kuratoren und Konservatoren mit dem Aufbau der Ausstellung beschäftigt. Alle Funktions- und Abteilungsleiter gehörten der SED an. Unter starkem Zeitdruck wurde die Ausstellung gestaltet. Am Eröffnungstag war lediglich die Zeit bis 1848 fertig, der Rest folgte bis 1953.


⚫ ].]]
Das Museum interpretierte die ] im Sinne einer
⚫ ]
] als Geschichte der ]. Dabei wurde die deutsche Geschichte in sieben Abteilungen aufgeteilt. Sie zeigte Texte und Objekte von der „]“, der Zeit des ], der Zeit von 1789 bis 1917, die Jahre 1917 bis 1945 bis hin zum „sozialistischen Vaterland DDR.“ Schwerpunkte bildeten neben der allgemeinen Geschichte auch die Geschichte der ]. Letztlich lief das Geschichtsbild auf die Gründung der DDR als „sozialistische Republik“ als den Zielpunkt der deutschen Geschichte hinaus. Allerdings hielt die Ausstellung auch weiterhin an einem gesamtdeutschen Anspruch fest. Die Sammlung umfasste mehrere 100.000 Exponate. Gegen Ende der 1960er Jahre wurde die Hauptausstellung nur leicht den veränderten Zeitbedingungen angepasst. Auch nach der Renovierung Anfang der 1980er Jahre blieb der Grundcharakter der Ausstellung erhalten. Im Jahr 1981 wurde der Teil „von der Urgeschichte bis zur Befreiung vom Faschismus“ und 1984 der Teil zur Geschichte der DDR neu präsentiert.
It interpreted German history as a ] consistent with Marx's ]. It displayed texts and 100,000 objects, divided into seven departments, including:
*]
*]
*1789-1917
*1917-1945
*1945-present
*]


Essentially it portrayed the foundation of the GDR as a 'socialist republic' as the natural end-point for all German history, including that of the areas then in ]. It also included a memorial to ] to commemorate his stays in Berlin.
Zum Museum gehörte auch eine Leningedenkstätte zur Erinnerung an die Aufenthalte ]s in Berlin.
--->
⚫ === Temporary exhibitions ===<!---
Daneben zeigte das Museum wechselnde Sonderausstellungen. Große Ausstellungen wurden etwa anlässlich des ]-Jahres 1953, zum Thema „Deutsche Stadt im Mittelalter“ im Jahr 1956 oder zum Jubiläum 10 Jahre DDR im Jahr 1959 eröffnet. Es folgten Ausstellungen 1973 zum „Sturmjahr 1848“ und 1975 zum Jahrestag des ]. Weitere Sonderausstellungen waren „Waffen und Uniformen der Geschichte“ anlässlich der Rückgabe der beschlagnahmten Waffenbestände durch die ] oder „W. I. Lenin und die deutsche Arbeiterbewegung.“


⚫ === Temporary exhibitions ===
Noch stärker als die Dauerausstellung sollten die Sonderausstellungen politisch im Sinne der DDR-Führung wirken. Dabei waren die Sonderausstellungen bis in die 1970er Jahre auf die Darstellung der gesamtdeutschen fortschrittlichen Traditionen ausgerichtet. Seit den 1980er Jahren nahm eine eher „internationalistische“ Perspektive zu. Diese interpretierte die deutsche Geschichte im Zusammenhang mit internationalen Entwicklung des ]. Bedeutend für den Wandel des Geschichtsbildes in der DDR auch zu nichtsozialistischen Aspekten war die Ausstellung „] und seine Zeit“ von 1983.
The museum also had changing temporary exhibitions, such as:
*1953 - a large ones for the ]
*1956 - "German Cities in the Middle Ages"
*1959 - for the GDR's tenth anniversary
*1973 - "Storm Year ]"
*1975 - for the anniversary of the ]
*1983 - "] and His Time"


Others included "Weapons and Uniforms of History" to mark the return of confiscated weapons stocks by the ] or “W. I. Lenin and the German Workers' Movement”.
Bis 1987 wurden 95 Sonderausstellungen konzipiert. Außerdem wurden 107 Sonderausstellungen für das Ausland erarbeitet und 140 Wanderausstellungen, die in der DDR und im Ausland gezeigt wurden, zusammengestellt.

--->
The GDR leadership intended the temporary exhibitions to have an even greater political impact than the Museum's permanent displays. Until the 1970s they aimed to present progressive traditions in what was then West and East Germany but during the 1980s they became more internationalist, interpreting German history in the context of socialism's international development. The Luther exhibition in 1983 was significant in significant for the change in how history was presented in the GDR, including non-socialsit aspects. Ninety-five special exhibitions had been designed by 1987, along with 107 touring exhibitions for abroad and 140 travelling exhibitions which toured the GDR and overseas.


== Bibliography == == Bibliography ==
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* {{in lang|de}} ''Ein neues Museum''. In: ''Berlin-Kalender 1987'', Hrsg. Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein, 1997, ISBN 3-89542-089-1, S. 34–35. * {{in lang|de}} ''Ein neues Museum''. In: ''Berlin-Kalender 1987'', Hrsg. Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein, 1997, ISBN 3-89542-089-1, S. 34–35.
* David E. Marshall: ''Das Museum für deutsche Geschichte – A Study of the Presentation of History in the Former German Democratic Republic'' (= ''Studies in Modern European History.'' Bd. 56). Peter Lang, New York 2010, ISBN 0-8204-7274-3. * David E. Marshall: ''Das Museum für deutsche Geschichte – A Study of the Presentation of History in the Former German Democratic Republic'' (= ''Studies in Modern European History.'' Bd. 56). Peter Lang, New York 2010, ISBN 0-8204-7274-3.

⚫ == References ==
⚫ <references />


== External links (in German) == == External links (in German) ==
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* Rolf Lautenschläger: . In: ], 26. Mai 2009 * Rolf Lautenschläger: . In: ], 26. Mai 2009


{{authority control}}
⚫ == References ==
⚫ <references />

{{Normdaten|TYP=k|GND=2019235-6|LCCN=n/50/041216|VIAF=122904095}}


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Latest revision as of 21:05, 28 December 2024

Central historical museum of East Germany)

The Museum for German History (Museum für Deutsche Geschichte or MfDG) was the central historical museum of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), established in 1952 and closed in 1990.

History

The Zeughaus.

On 20 October 1951 the seventh plenary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) called for the establishment of a museum of German history "to enlighten the population and especially young people". The historian Eduard Ullmann, scientific secretary of the Institute for Marxism-Leninism for the Central Committee of the SED, came up with the initial plans for its objects and displays. All team heads, heads of department, directors and deputy directors were to belong to the SED, whilst an academic council ensured that the displays were always based on the Marxist-Leninist view of history.

The Museum's first director was Alfred Meusel, with Ullmann as his deputy. The formal foundation was on 18 January 1952 in East Berlin and its first displays opened on 5 July that year in what had been a business school at 26 Clara-Zetkin-Straße, until the restoration of the Museum's intended home, the Zeughaus, was sufficiently complete in March 1953. A team of 85 historians, curators and conservators created the initial permanent display under severe time pressure, only completing as far as 1848 by opening day and adding the rest by 1953.

Meusel was followed as director by Walter Nimtz (1963–1967) then Wolfgang Herbst (1967–1990). The GDR's Council of Ministers closed the Museum in 1990 following the Peaceful Revolution. The new federal government of reunified Germany transferred the Zeughaus and the former Museum's collections (including the objects it has loaned to the Velten Furnace and Ceramics Museum from 1970 to 1994) to the German Historical Museum.

Displays

Permanent

The 1950s scheme was essentially retained throughout the Museum's history. It was slightly adapted to the changing times in the 1960s but even after an early 1980s renovation (reworking "From Prehistory to Liberation from Fascism" in 1981 and the section on the GDR's history in 1984) its essential character remained unchanged.

Exhibition marking the 20th anniversary of the Democratic Women's League of Germany.
Youth hour at the Museum of German History during the exhibition “Germany from 1933–1945” in 1964

It interpreted German history as a class struggle consistent with Marx's historical materialism. It displayed texts and 100,000 objects, divided into seven departments, including:

Essentially it portrayed the foundation of the GDR as a 'socialist republic' as the natural end-point for all German history, including that of the areas then in West Germany. It also included a memorial to Lenin to commemorate his stays in Berlin.

Temporary exhibitions

The museum also had changing temporary exhibitions, such as:

Others included "Weapons and Uniforms of History" to mark the return of confiscated weapons stocks by the Soviet Union or “W. I. Lenin and the German Workers' Movement”.

The GDR leadership intended the temporary exhibitions to have an even greater political impact than the Museum's permanent displays. Until the 1970s they aimed to present progressive traditions in what was then West and East Germany but during the 1980s they became more internationalist, interpreting German history in the context of socialism's international development. The Luther exhibition in 1983 was significant in significant for the change in how history was presented in the GDR, including non-socialsit aspects. Ninety-five special exhibitions had been designed by 1987, along with 107 touring exhibitions for abroad and 140 travelling exhibitions which toured the GDR and overseas.

Bibliography

  • (in German) Ilko-Sascha Kowalczuk: Legitimation eines neuen Staates. Parteiarbeiter an der historischen Front. Geschichtswissenschaft in der SBZ/DDR 1945–1961. Links, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-86153-130-5, S. 175 ff.
  • (in German) Stefan Ebenfeld: Geschichte nach Plan? Die Instrumentalisierung der Geschichtswissenschaft in der DDR am Beispiel des Museums für Deutsche Geschichte in Berlin (1950–1955). Tectum, Marburg 2001, ISBN 3-8288-8261-7.
  • (in German) Museum für Deutsche Geschichte. In: Hartmut Zimmermann: DDR-Handbuch. Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, Köln 1985, Bd. 2, S. 919.
  • (in German) Ein neues Museum. In: Berlin-Kalender 1987, Hrsg. Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein, 1997, ISBN 3-89542-089-1, S. 34–35.
  • David E. Marshall: Das Museum für deutsche Geschichte – A Study of the Presentation of History in the Former German Democratic Republic (= Studies in Modern European History. Bd. 56). Peter Lang, New York 2010, ISBN 0-8204-7274-3.

References

  1. (in German) Stefan Ebenfeld: Geschichte nach Plan? Die Instrumentalisierung der Geschichtswissenschaft in der DDR am Beispiel des Museums für Deutsche Geschichte in Berlin (1950–1955). Tectum-Verlag, Marburg 2001.
  2. (in German) Detlef Brunner, Udo Grashoff, Andreas Kötzing (ed.): Asymmetrisch verflochten? Neue Forschungen zur gesamtdeutschen Nachkriegseschichte, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86153-748-9, S. 23.
  3. (in German) Regina Müller: Das Berliner Zeughaus. Die Baugeschichte. Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-89488-055-4, page 282.
  4. (in German) "Review by Stefan Nies, 15 March 2003".

External links (in German)

Categories: