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== Sidney John Alexander Churchill ==
{{use British English|date=January 2015}}
'''Sidney John Alexander Churchill''' {{post-nominals|MVO}} (1 March 1862{{snd}}11 January 1921), often referred to as '''Sidney J. A. Churchill''', was a British diplomat, art connoisseur and author.<ref name="Obituary in The Times" />


⚫ == Life ==
{{AFC submission|t||ts=20130111105917|u=MrArmstrong2|ns=5}} <!--- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. --->
]
He was born in ], ] on 1 March 1862 the son of ] (1828{{ndash}}86), who was an archaeologist and British diplomat, and Marie Braniefska (?1839-1905). Three of his four brothers ] (1860{{ndash}}1924), ] (1865{{ndash}}1947), and ] (1876{{ndash}}1973) were also diplomats.<ref name = FOSoS>Foreign Office Statement of Service 1926</ref>


In 1908 he married ] who qualified as a doctor at ] and went on to become a writer and lecturer on health questions, and a strong supporter of the ]. She was also a local councillor who represented South East ] on the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.levantineheritage.com/news.htm#1 |title=Obituary of Dr Stella Churchill |newspaper=The Times |date=20 September 1954 }}</ref>
'''Sidney John Alexander Churchilll''' ] (1862–1921) was a British diplomat and art connoisseur.
== Family and early life ==
]
He was the son of ] (1828–1886) who was an archaeologist and British diplomat, and Countess (b. Warsaw 1839? - d. Rio de Janiero 1905).<ref name="Family tree of John Churchill of Exeter (?-c1758)">Family tree of John Churchill of Exeter (?-c1758)</ref>


They had a son, George (born 1910), and a daughter, ] (1912{{ndash}}88), an architect who studied church architecture in pre-war ] and then travelled extensively in ]. She documented her 20-year research in the local churches in ''Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia''.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7890426 |title=Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia |first=Ruth |last=Plant |publisher=Ravens Educational and Development Services |year=1985 |isbn=978-0947895006 }}</ref>
Two of his brothers, ] (1860-1924) and ] (1865-1947), were also diplomats.<ref name="Family tree of John Churchill of Exeter (?-c1758)"></ref>


In 1880, at the age of 18, he joined the Persian Telegraph Department of the ], where he gained an extensive knowledge of the Persian language and of Persia (modern-day ]).<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /> He then served as British ] in Persia (1886{{ndash}}94), and was in attendance on the ] of Persia ] during his visit to England in 1889,<ref name=IBD>{{cite wikisource |wslink=Page:The_Indian_Biographical_Dictionary.djvu/132 |title=Indian Biographical Dictionary |page=92 |date=1915}}</ref> then Consul in ] and ] (1894),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26527 |page=3734 |date=2 June 1894 }}</ref> ] (1898{{ndash}}1909),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26982 |page=3917 |date=10 May 1898 }}</ref> and ] (1909{{ndash}}12),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28229 |page=1657 |date=1 February 1909 }}</ref> then Consul-General in Naples (1912{{ndash}}18),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28588 |page=1745 |date=8 March 1912 }}</ref> and ] (1918{{ndash}}21).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30544 |page=2483 |date=26 February 1918}}</ref> In 1901, he was entrusted with the last message from ] to ].<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /><ref name=" Levantine Testimony">{{cite web |url=http://www.levantineheritage.com/testi58.htm |title=Levantine Heritage }}</ref>
He married Stella Myers whose sister was the wife of his brother William. They had a son George b.1920 and a daughter Ruth b.1912.<ref name="Family tree of John Churchill of Exeter (?-c1758)"></ref>


He died in Paris aged 59 on 11 January 1921 on his way to England, and is buried in ] in Paris .<ref name="Obituary in The Times" />
⚫ == Career ==
He served as British Consul in ] (1880-1894), ] and ] (1894) <ref name=" The London Gazette - 2 June 1894 "> </ref>, ] (1898-1909)<ref name="The London Gazette - 10 May 1898"> </ref>, ] (1909-1912)<ref name=" The London Gazette - 1 February 1909 "> </ref> then Consul-General in Naples (1912-1918)<ref name=" The London Gazette - 1 January 1918"> </ref>, and ] 1918 <ref name=" The London Gazette - 28 January 1918 "> </ref> and died in office aged 59.<ref name="Levantine Testimony"/>


== Artistic interests ==
In 1901 he was entrusted with the last message from ] to the ].<ref name=" Levantine Testimony"></ref>
He was a collector of ] and ] manuscripts, and of jewels, bronzes, pictures and other antiques while in Persia and Italy.<ref name="Obituary in The Times">{{cite news |url=http://levantineheritage.com/news.htm#1 |newspaper=The Times |date=4 February 1921 |title=Obituary of Mr Sidney Churchill }}</ref><ref name=IBD/><ref name="Levantine Testimony"/> After his death his extensive personal collections were auctioned at Sotheby's, who advertised ''The extensive and interestesting {{sic}} collection of continental & Near Eastern works of art, textiles & embroideries, Italian and Sicilian objects of vertu, knives, forks, spoons, silver and enamels and the valuable and well-known collection of peasant jewellery, the property of the late Sidney J. A. Churchill, Esq.''<ref>{{cite book
|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/010131982 |title=Catalogue of the extensive and interestesting collection ... of the late Sidney J.A. Churchill, esq |year=1934
|publisher=] |location=London |oclc=010131982 }}</ref>


From 1880{{ndash}}94, he collected Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Hebrew manuscripts for the ] (Vol. IV of their Persian Catalogue of Manuscripts is almost entirely devoted to the 'Churchill Manuscripts'); collected art objects in Persia for the ] under Gen. Sir R. M. Smith, RE, KCMG, and also researched the history of gold and silver work in Italy, especially the ].<ref name=IBD />
He was a collector of ] and ] manuscripts and other antiques.<ref name="Levantine Testimony"/>

He wrote many books, particularly on Italian goldsmiths, in both English and Italian. He also had letters relating to artistic matters published in '']''.

== Selected works ==
* {{cite book |title=Oriental Carpets |last1=Clarke |first1=Caspar Purdon |authorlink1=Caspar Purdon Clarke |last2=Stoeckel |first2=J. M. |last3=Bode |first3=Wilhelm von |authorlink3=Wilhelm von Bode |last4=Robinson |first4=Vincent Joseph |last5=Gerspach |first5=E. |last6=Churchill |first6=Sidney J. A. |last7=Birdwood |first7=George C. M. |authorlink7=George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood |last8=Riegl |first8=Alois |authorlink8=Alois Riegl |last9=Scala |first9=Arthur von |publisher=KuK Österreichisches Handelsmuseum |location=Vienna |year=1892 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |title=Bibliografia Celliniana |language=Italian |publisher=] |location=] |year=1907 }}<ref name=worldcat>{{citation |url=http://www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/lccn-n79-22218 |website=worldcat.org |title=Churchill, Sidney John Alexander 1862{{ndash}}1921 }}</ref> A bibliography of ].
* {{cite journal |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |title=''The Goldsmiths of Rome Under the Papal Authority; Their Statutes Hitherto Discovered, and a Bibliography'' |journal=Papers of the British School at Rome |year=1907 |volume=4 |pages=162{{ndash}}226 |doi=10.1017/S0068246200005122 |s2cid=159851257 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8444992&fileId=S0068246200005122 |format=PDF }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |last=Cellini |first=Benvenuto |editor-last1=Cust |editor-first1=Robert Henry Hobart |editor-last2=Churchill |editor-first2=Sidney J. A. |title=The Life of Benvenuto Cellini |publisher=] |location=London |year=1910 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |title=Bibliografia Vasariana |language=Italian |last1=Churchill |first1=Sidney J. A. |location=Firenze |year=1912 |url=https://archive.org/details/bibliografiavasa00chur |website=archive.org |accessdate=11 January 2015 }}<ref name=worldcat /> A bibliography of ].
* {{cite book |title=Peasant Art in Italy |last1=Holme |first1=Charles |authorlink1=Charles Holme |last2=Churchill |first2=Sidney J. A. |last3=Balzano |first3=Vicenzo |last4=Ricci |first4=Elisa |publisher=], Ltd |location=London, Paris, New York |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924020575407 |website=archive.org |accessdate=11 January 2015 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A.|title=], orafo abruzzese del secolo XIV-XV |language=Italian |location=] |year=1919 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |title=Nicola di Guardiagrele, orefice abruzzese. Notizie con una bibliografia |language=Italian |location=] |year=1924 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |title=The Goldsmiths of Italy |last1=Churchill |first1=Sidney J. A. |last2=Bunt |first2=Cyril G. E. |publisher=Martin Hopkinson |location=London |year=1926 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://primo.getty.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=GRI&afterPDS=true&institution=01GRI&docId=GETTY_ALMA21119447110001551 |website=getty.edu |title=''Sidney John Alexander Churchill collection of broadsides, 1608''{{ndash}}1797, Italy |accessdate=11 January 2015 }} In the collection of the ].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://primo.getty.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vl%28freeText0%29=Churchill%2c+Sidney+John+Alexander%2c+1862-1921.&vl%2821781791UI0%29=creator&vl%2865062710UI1%29=all_items&vl%281UIStartWith0%29=exact&fn=search&tab=all_gri&mode=Basic&vid=GRI&scp.scps=scope%3a%28GETTY_ROSETTA%29%2cscope%3a%28GETTY_ALMA%29 |title=Churchill, Sidney John Alexander, 1862{{ndash}}1921 |accessdate=11 January 2015 }}</ref>
* {{cite web |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |url=http://primo.getty.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=GRI&afterPDS=true&institution=01GRI&docId=GETTY_ALMA21119562700001551 |title=''Bibliografia Vasariana and Related Papers, c.1910''{{ndash}}15 |website=getty.edu |accessdate=11 January 2015 }} In the collection of the Getty Research Institute.


==References== ==References==
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Latest revision as of 23:47, 28 December 2024

Sidney John Alexander Churchill MVO (1 March 1862 – 11 January 1921), often referred to as Sidney J. A. Churchill, was a British diplomat, art connoisseur and author.

Life

Sidney J A Churchill self-portrait

He was born in Iași, United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia on 1 March 1862 the son of Henry Adrian Churchill (1828–86), who was an archaeologist and British diplomat, and Marie Braniefska (?1839-1905). Three of his four brothers Harry Lionel (1860–1924), William Algernon (1865–1947), and George Percy (1876–1973) were also diplomats.

In 1908 he married Stella Myers who qualified as a doctor at Girton College, Cambridge and went on to become a writer and lecturer on health questions, and a strong supporter of the Save the Children Fund. She was also a local councillor who represented South East Southwark on the London County Council.

They had a son, George (born 1910), and a daughter, Ruth (1912–88), an architect who studied church architecture in pre-war Romania and then travelled extensively in Ethiopia. She documented her 20-year research in the local churches in Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia.

In 1880, at the age of 18, he joined the Persian Telegraph Department of the Indian Civil Service, where he gained an extensive knowledge of the Persian language and of Persia (modern-day Iran). He then served as British Consul in Persia (1886–94), and was in attendance on the Shah of Persia Naser ed-Din Shah during his visit to England in 1889, then Consul in Surinam and French Guiana (1894), Palermo (1898–1909), and Naples (1909–12), then Consul-General in Naples (1912–18), and Lisbon (1918–21). In 1901, he was entrusted with the last message from Queen Victoria to Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans.

He died in Paris aged 59 on 11 January 1921 on his way to England, and is buried in Levallois-Perret Cemetery in Paris .

Artistic interests

He was a collector of Renaissance and Oriental manuscripts, and of jewels, bronzes, pictures and other antiques while in Persia and Italy. After his death his extensive personal collections were auctioned at Sotheby's, who advertised The extensive and interestesting [sic] collection of continental & Near Eastern works of art, textiles & embroideries, Italian and Sicilian objects of vertu, knives, forks, spoons, silver and enamels and the valuable and well-known collection of peasant jewellery, the property of the late Sidney J. A. Churchill, Esq.

From 1880–94, he collected Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Hebrew manuscripts for the British Museum (Vol. IV of their Persian Catalogue of Manuscripts is almost entirely devoted to the 'Churchill Manuscripts'); collected art objects in Persia for the Victoria and Albert Museum under Gen. Sir R. M. Smith, RE, KCMG, and also researched the history of gold and silver work in Italy, especially the Two Sicilies.

He wrote many books, particularly on Italian goldsmiths, in both English and Italian. He also had letters relating to artistic matters published in The Burlington Magazine.

Selected works

References

  1. ^ "Obituary of Mr Sidney Churchill". The Times. 4 February 1921.
  2. Foreign Office Statement of Service 1926
  3. "Obituary of Dr Stella Churchill". The Times. 20 September 1954.
  4. Plant, Ruth (1985). Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia. Ravens Educational and Development Services. ISBN 978-0947895006.
  5. ^ Indian Biographical Dictionary . 1915. p. 92 – via Wikisource.
  6. "No. 26527". The London Gazette. 2 June 1894. p. 3734.
  7. "No. 26982". The London Gazette. 10 May 1898. p. 3917.
  8. "No. 28229". The London Gazette. 1 February 1909. p. 1657.
  9. "No. 28588". The London Gazette. 8 March 1912. p. 1745.
  10. "No. 30544". The London Gazette. 26 February 1918. p. 2483.
  11. ^ "Levantine Heritage".
  12. Catalogue of the extensive and interestesting [sic] collection ... of the late Sidney J.A. Churchill, esq. London: Sotheby & Co. 1934. OCLC 010131982.
  13. ^ "Churchill, Sidney John Alexander 1862–1921", worldcat.org
  14. "Churchill, Sidney John Alexander, 1862–1921". Retrieved 11 January 2015.
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