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'''Sidney John Alexander Churchill''' {{post-nominals|MVO}} (1862{{ndash}}1921) {{mdash}}referred to as '''Sidney J. A. Churchill'''{{mdash}} was a British diplomat, art connoisseur, and author.<ref>{{cite book |title=Peasant Art in Italy |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924020575407 |publisher=''The Studio Ltd'' |editor-first=Charles |editor-last=Holme |year=1913 |accessdate={{date|2013-01-11|mdy}} |quote=The editor desires to acknowledge, in the first instance, his indebtedness to Mr. Sidney J. A. Churchill, M.V.O.'''' }}</ref>
'''Sidney John Alexander Churchill''' {{post-nominals|MVO}} (1 March 1862{{snd}}11 January 1921), often referred to as '''Sidney J. A. Churchill''', was a British diplomat, art connoisseur and author.<ref name="Obituary in The Times" />


==Early life == == Life ==
]
Sidney was the son of ] (1828–1886) who was an archaeologist and British diplomat. Two of his brothers, ] (1860-1924) and ] (1865-1947), were also diplomats. He was born in ], ] on 1 March 1862 the son of ] (1828{{ndash}}86), who was an archaeologist and British diplomat, and Marie Braniefska (?1839-1905). Three of his four brothers ] (1860{{ndash}}1924), ] (1865{{ndash}}1947), and ] (1876{{ndash}}1973) were also diplomats.<ref name = FOSoS>Foreign Office Statement of Service 1926</ref>


He married Stella Myers, a writer and lecturer. Together they had a son and a daughter.<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /> His wife qualified as a doctor at Girton and went on to become a writer and lecturer on health questions, a strong supporter of the ], and was also a local councillor in S.E. Southwark.<ref></ref> In 1908 he married ] who qualified as a doctor at ] and went on to become a writer and lecturer on health questions, and a strong supporter of the ]. She was also a local councillor who represented South East ] on the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.levantineheritage.com/news.htm#1 |title=Obituary of Dr Stella Churchill |newspaper=The Times |date=20 September 1954 }}</ref>


They had a son, George (born 1910), and a daughter, ] (1912{{ndash}}88), an architect who studied church architecture in pre-war ] and then travelled extensively in ]. She documented her 20-year research in the local churches in ''Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia''.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7890426 |title=Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia |first=Ruth |last=Plant |publisher=Ravens Educational and Development Services |year=1985 |isbn=978-0947895006 }}</ref>
== Career ==
In 1880 at the age of 18 he entered service of Government of India in the Persian Telegraph Dept where he gained extensive knowledge of the Persian language and of Persia;<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /> he then served as British Consul in ] (1886-1894) and was in attendance on the Shah of Persia Nasr ed Din Shar during his visit to England in 1889,<ref name="The Indian Biographical Dictionary ">]</ref> then Consul in ] and ] (1894),<ref name=" The London Gazette - 2 June 1894 "></ref> ] (1898-1909),<ref name="The London Gazette - 10 May 1898"></ref> and ] (1909-1912)<ref name=" The London Gazette - 1 February 1909 "></ref> then Consul-General in Naples (1912-1918),<ref name=" The London Gazette - 1 January 1918"></ref> and ] 1918<ref name=" The London Gazette - 28 January 1918 "></ref> and died in office aged 59.<ref name="Obituary in The Times" />


In 1880, at the age of 18, he joined the Persian Telegraph Department of the ], where he gained an extensive knowledge of the Persian language and of Persia (modern-day ]).<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /> He then served as British ] in Persia (1886{{ndash}}94), and was in attendance on the ] of Persia ] during his visit to England in 1889,<ref name=IBD>{{cite wikisource |wslink=Page:The_Indian_Biographical_Dictionary.djvu/132 |title=Indian Biographical Dictionary |page=92 |date=1915}}</ref> then Consul in ] and ] (1894),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26527 |page=3734 |date=2 June 1894 }}</ref> ] (1898{{ndash}}1909),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26982 |page=3917 |date=10 May 1898 }}</ref> and ] (1909{{ndash}}12),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28229 |page=1657 |date=1 February 1909 }}</ref> then Consul-General in Naples (1912{{ndash}}18),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28588 |page=1745 |date=8 March 1912 }}</ref> and ] (1918{{ndash}}21).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30544 |page=2483 |date=26 February 1918}}</ref> In 1901, he was entrusted with the last message from ] to ].<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /><ref name=" Levantine Testimony">{{cite web |url=http://www.levantineheritage.com/testi58.htm |title=Levantine Heritage }}</ref>
In 1901 he was entrusted with the last message from ] to the ].<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /><ref name=" Levantine Testimony"></ref>


He died in Paris aged 59 on 11 January 1921 on his way to England, and is buried in ] in Paris .<ref name="Obituary in The Times" />
==Other Interests ==
⚫ He was a collector of ] and ] manuscripts, and jewels, bronzes, pictures, and other antiques while in Persia and Italy.<ref name="Obituary in The Times"></ref><ref name="The Indian Biographical Dictionary" /><ref name="Levantine Testimony"/> After his death his extensive personal collections were auctioned at Sotheby's, who listed: ''The extensive and interestesting collection of continental & Near Eastern works of art, textiles & embroideries, Italian and Sicilian objects of vertu, knives, forks, spoons, silver and enamels and the valuable and well-known collection of peasant jewellery, the property of the late Sidney J.A. Churchill, esq''.<ref></ref>


== Artistic interests ==
⚫ From 1880-94 he collected Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Hebrew manuscripts for the British Museum (Vol. iv. of their Persian Catalogue of Manuscripts is almost entirely devoted to the Churchill manuscripts); collected art objects in Persia for the ] under Gen. Sir R. M. Smith, R.E., K.C.M.G., and also researched the history of gold and silver work in Italy, especially the ].<ref name="The Indian Biographical Dictionary" />
⚫ He was a collector of ] and ] manuscripts, and of jewels, bronzes, pictures and other antiques while in Persia and Italy.<ref name="Obituary in The Times">{{cite news |url=http://levantineheritage.com/news.htm#1 |newspaper=The Times |date=4 February 1921 |title=Obituary of Mr Sidney Churchill }}</ref><ref name=IBD/><ref name="Levantine Testimony"/> After his death his extensive personal collections were auctioned at Sotheby's, who advertised ''The extensive and interestesting {{sic}} collection of continental & Near Eastern works of art, textiles & embroideries, Italian and Sicilian objects of vertu, knives, forks, spoons, silver and enamels and the valuable and well-known collection of peasant jewellery, the property of the late Sidney J. A. Churchill, Esq.''<ref>{{cite book
|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/010131982 |title=Catalogue of the extensive and interestesting collection ... of the late Sidney J.A. Churchill, esq |year=1934
|publisher=] |location=London |oclc=010131982 }}</ref>


⚫ From 1880{{ndash}}94, he collected Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Hebrew manuscripts for the ] (Vol. IV of their Persian Catalogue of Manuscripts is almost entirely devoted to the 'Churchill Manuscripts'); collected art objects in Persia for the ] under Gen. Sir R. M. Smith, RE, KCMG, and also researched the history of gold and silver work in Italy, especially the ].<ref name=IBD />
⚫ He wrote many books, particularly on Italian goldsmiths, in both English and Italian, one of them co-authored by goldsmith and artist ].


⚫ He wrote many books, particularly on Italian goldsmiths, in both English and Italian. He also had letters relating to artistic matters published in '']''.
== Bibliography==
*''Bibliografia Celliniana'' (Language: Italian) Olschki, Firenze, 1907.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill"></ref>


== Selected works ==
*''The goldsmiths of Rome under the Papal Authority; their statues hitherto discovered, and a bibliography'' London 1907.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />
* {{cite book |title=Oriental Carpets |last1=Clarke |first1=Caspar Purdon |authorlink1=Caspar Purdon Clarke |last2=Stoeckel |first2=J. M. |last3=Bode |first3=Wilhelm von |authorlink3=Wilhelm von Bode |last4=Robinson |first4=Vincent Joseph |last5=Gerspach |first5=E. |last6=Churchill |first6=Sidney J. A. |last7=Birdwood |first7=George C. M. |authorlink7=George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood |last8=Riegl |first8=Alois |authorlink8=Alois Riegl |last9=Scala |first9=Arthur von |publisher=KuK Österreichisches Handelsmuseum |location=Vienna |year=1892 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |title=Bibliografia Celliniana |language=Italian |publisher=] |location=] |year=1907 }}<ref name=worldcat>{{citation |url=http://www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/lccn-n79-22218 |website=worldcat.org |title=Churchill, Sidney John Alexander 1862{{ndash}}1921 }}</ref> A bibliography of ].
* {{cite journal |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |title=''The Goldsmiths of Rome Under the Papal Authority; Their Statutes Hitherto Discovered, and a Bibliography'' |journal=Papers of the British School at Rome |year=1907 |volume=4 |pages=162{{ndash}}226 |doi=10.1017/S0068246200005122 |s2cid=159851257 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8444992&fileId=S0068246200005122 |format=PDF }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |last=Cellini |first=Benvenuto |editor-last1=Cust |editor-first1=Robert Henry Hobart |editor-last2=Churchill |editor-first2=Sidney J. A. |title=The Life of Benvenuto Cellini |publisher=] |location=London |year=1910 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |title=Bibliografia Vasariana |language=Italian |last1=Churchill |first1=Sidney J. A. |location=Firenze |year=1912 |url=https://archive.org/details/bibliografiavasa00chur |website=archive.org |accessdate=11 January 2015 }}<ref name=worldcat /> A bibliography of ].
* {{cite book |title=Peasant Art in Italy |last1=Holme |first1=Charles |authorlink1=Charles Holme |last2=Churchill |first2=Sidney J. A. |last3=Balzano |first3=Vicenzo |last4=Ricci |first4=Elisa |publisher=], Ltd |location=London, Paris, New York |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924020575407 |website=archive.org |accessdate=11 January 2015 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A.|title=], orafo abruzzese del secolo XIV-XV |language=Italian |location=] |year=1919 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |title=Nicola di Guardiagrele, orefice abruzzese. Notizie con una bibliografia |language=Italian |location=] |year=1924 }}<ref name=worldcat />
* {{cite book |title=The Goldsmiths of Italy |last1=Churchill |first1=Sidney J. A. |last2=Bunt |first2=Cyril G. E. |publisher=Martin Hopkinson |location=London |year=1926 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://primo.getty.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=GRI&afterPDS=true&institution=01GRI&docId=GETTY_ALMA21119447110001551 |website=getty.edu |title=''Sidney John Alexander Churchill collection of broadsides, 1608''{{ndash}}1797, Italy |accessdate=11 January 2015 }} In the collection of the ].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://primo.getty.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vl%28freeText0%29=Churchill%2c+Sidney+John+Alexander%2c+1862-1921.&vl%2821781791UI0%29=creator&vl%2865062710UI1%29=all_items&vl%281UIStartWith0%29=exact&fn=search&tab=all_gri&mode=Basic&vid=GRI&scp.scps=scope%3a%28GETTY_ROSETTA%29%2cscope%3a%28GETTY_ALMA%29 |title=Churchill, Sidney John Alexander, 1862{{ndash}}1921 |accessdate=11 January 2015 }}</ref>
* {{cite web |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |url=http://primo.getty.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=GRI&afterPDS=true&institution=01GRI&docId=GETTY_ALMA21119562700001551 |title=''Bibliografia Vasariana and Related Papers, c.1910''{{ndash}}15 |website=getty.edu |accessdate=11 January 2015 }} In the collection of the Getty Research Institute.


⚫ ==References==
*''The life of Benvenuto Cellini'' G. Bell and Sons, London 1910.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />
⚫ {{reflist|35em}}


{{authority control}}
*''Cellini collection''<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''Bibliografia Vasariana'' (Language: Italian) Firenze 1912.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''Peasant Art in Italy'' Sidney John Alexander Churchill, Vincenzo Balzano, and Elisa Ricci; The Studio Ltd. London and New York 1913.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''Nicola da Guardiagrele, orafo abruzzese del secolo XIV-XV ...'' (Language: Italian) Empoli 1919.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''Nicola di Guardiagrele, orefice abruzzese. Notizie con una bibliografia'' (Language: Italian) Roma, 1924.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''Oriental carpets''. Published by the Imperial and Royal Austrian commercial museum, Vienna 1892- <ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''The goldsmiths of Italy Some accounts of their guilds, statutes, and work.'' Compiled from the published papers, notes, and other material collected by the late S. J. A. Churchill ... by Cyril G. E. Bunt (1926).<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*Papers, prints and drawings acquired or generated by Churchill for his study of Italian decorative arts.<ref name="SJAC papers"></ref>

*''Collection of broadsides, 1608-1797'', Italy.<ref name="SJAC papers" />

*''Bibliografia Vasariana and related papers, ca. 1910-1915.'<ref name="SJAC papers" />

*''The present condition of the Persian Carpet Industry. The Great Oriental Carpet Book'', published by the Austrian Ministry of Commerce and Public Instruction.<ref name="The Indian Biographical Dictionary "/>

⚫ ==References==
⚫ {{reflist|2}}


{{Persondata
| NAME = Churchill, Sidney J. A.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1862
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1921
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Churchill, Sidney J. A.}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Churchill, Sidney J. A.}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 23:47, 28 December 2024

Sidney John Alexander Churchill MVO (1 March 1862 – 11 January 1921), often referred to as Sidney J. A. Churchill, was a British diplomat, art connoisseur and author.

Life

Sidney J A Churchill self-portrait

He was born in Iași, United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia on 1 March 1862 the son of Henry Adrian Churchill (1828–86), who was an archaeologist and British diplomat, and Marie Braniefska (?1839-1905). Three of his four brothers Harry Lionel (1860–1924), William Algernon (1865–1947), and George Percy (1876–1973) were also diplomats.

In 1908 he married Stella Myers who qualified as a doctor at Girton College, Cambridge and went on to become a writer and lecturer on health questions, and a strong supporter of the Save the Children Fund. She was also a local councillor who represented South East Southwark on the London County Council.

They had a son, George (born 1910), and a daughter, Ruth (1912–88), an architect who studied church architecture in pre-war Romania and then travelled extensively in Ethiopia. She documented her 20-year research in the local churches in Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia.

In 1880, at the age of 18, he joined the Persian Telegraph Department of the Indian Civil Service, where he gained an extensive knowledge of the Persian language and of Persia (modern-day Iran). He then served as British Consul in Persia (1886–94), and was in attendance on the Shah of Persia Naser ed-Din Shah during his visit to England in 1889, then Consul in Surinam and French Guiana (1894), Palermo (1898–1909), and Naples (1909–12), then Consul-General in Naples (1912–18), and Lisbon (1918–21). In 1901, he was entrusted with the last message from Queen Victoria to Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans.

He died in Paris aged 59 on 11 January 1921 on his way to England, and is buried in Levallois-Perret Cemetery in Paris .

Artistic interests

He was a collector of Renaissance and Oriental manuscripts, and of jewels, bronzes, pictures and other antiques while in Persia and Italy. After his death his extensive personal collections were auctioned at Sotheby's, who advertised The extensive and interestesting [sic] collection of continental & Near Eastern works of art, textiles & embroideries, Italian and Sicilian objects of vertu, knives, forks, spoons, silver and enamels and the valuable and well-known collection of peasant jewellery, the property of the late Sidney J. A. Churchill, Esq.

From 1880–94, he collected Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Hebrew manuscripts for the British Museum (Vol. IV of their Persian Catalogue of Manuscripts is almost entirely devoted to the 'Churchill Manuscripts'); collected art objects in Persia for the Victoria and Albert Museum under Gen. Sir R. M. Smith, RE, KCMG, and also researched the history of gold and silver work in Italy, especially the Two Sicilies.

He wrote many books, particularly on Italian goldsmiths, in both English and Italian. He also had letters relating to artistic matters published in The Burlington Magazine.

Selected works

References

  1. ^ "Obituary of Mr Sidney Churchill". The Times. 4 February 1921.
  2. Foreign Office Statement of Service 1926
  3. "Obituary of Dr Stella Churchill". The Times. 20 September 1954.
  4. Plant, Ruth (1985). Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia. Ravens Educational and Development Services. ISBN 978-0947895006.
  5. ^ Indian Biographical Dictionary . 1915. p. 92 – via Wikisource.
  6. "No. 26527". The London Gazette. 2 June 1894. p. 3734.
  7. "No. 26982". The London Gazette. 10 May 1898. p. 3917.
  8. "No. 28229". The London Gazette. 1 February 1909. p. 1657.
  9. "No. 28588". The London Gazette. 8 March 1912. p. 1745.
  10. "No. 30544". The London Gazette. 26 February 1918. p. 2483.
  11. ^ "Levantine Heritage".
  12. Catalogue of the extensive and interestesting [sic] collection ... of the late Sidney J.A. Churchill, esq. London: Sotheby & Co. 1934. OCLC 010131982.
  13. ^ "Churchill, Sidney John Alexander 1862–1921", worldcat.org
  14. "Churchill, Sidney John Alexander, 1862–1921". Retrieved 11 January 2015.
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