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| {{Short description|Underwater warfare division of the Pakistan Navy}} | {{Short description|Underwater warfare division of the Pakistan Navy}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} | |||
| {{Infobox military unit | {{Infobox military unit | ||
| | unit_name = Pakistan Navy Submarine Force | | unit_name = Pakistan Navy Submarine Force | ||
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| | role = {{hlist|]|]|]|]}} | | role = {{hlist|]|]|]|]}} | ||
| | size = Classified | | size = Classified | ||
| | command_structure = Pakistan Navy | | command_structure = ] (]) | ||
| | garrison = ] | | garrison = ] | ||
| | garrison_label = Primary Base | | garrison_label = Primary Base | ||
| | official_name = | |||
| | nickname = PN Submarine Force | |||
| | motto = | | motto = | ||
| | equipment = ] | | equipment = ] | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| '''Pakistan Navy Submarine Force''',{{efn|{{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|پاکستان بحریہ سب میرین فورس}}}}, {{IPA-ur|ˈpaːkɪstaːn bəɦriːjə səb miːriːn foːrs}}; pronounced variably in English as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|æ|k|ɪ|s|t|æ|n||ˈ|n|eɪ|v|i||s|ʌ|b|m|ə|ˈ|r|iː|n}} and {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɑː|k|ɪ|s|t|ɑː|n||ˈ|n|eɪ|v|i||s|ʌ|b|m|ə|ˈ|r|iː|n}}.}} officially referred to as the '''PN Submarine Force''',{{efn|{{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|پی این سب میرین فورس}}}}, {{IPA-ur|piː ɛn səb miːriːn foːrs}}; pronounced in English as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|iː||ˈ|ɛ|n||s|ʌ|b|m|ə|ˈ|r|iː|n}}.}} is the principal ] component of the ]. It is responsible for ], ], and ] during wartime. Established in 1964 with the induction of its first submarine, {{PNS|Ghazi}} (formerly {{USS|Diablo}}) from the United States, it became the first submarine force to operate in the ]. Since its inception, the Submarine Force has participated in ], including the ] and the ]. | |||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| === Origin === | === Origin === | ||
| ] in the ]'s service as ''Diablo'' in 1964 |
]'s service as ''Diablo'' in 1964]] | ||
| The Pakistan Navy Submarine Force was established on 1 June 1964, making it one of the earliest submarine forces in South Asia.<ref name="p443">{{cite web | title=Pakistan Navy Submarine Force and Hangor war action | website=The Nation | date=9 |
The Pakistan Navy Submarine Force was established on 1 June 1964, making it one of the earliest submarine forces in South Asia.<ref name="p443">{{cite web | title=Pakistan Navy Submarine Force and Hangor war action | website=The Nation | date=9 December 2020 | url=https://www.nation.com.pk/09-Dec-2020/pakistan-navy-submarine-force-and-hangor-war-action | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="u818">{{cite web | last=Salamat | first=Sajid | title=53rd Hangor Day | website=Daily Times | date=9 December 2024 | url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/1246354/53rd-hangor-day/ | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref> The creation of the Submarine Force is attributed to vice admiral ], who was the naval commander-in-chief at the time and played a central role in its development.<ref name="w204">{{cite web | title=Guardians of the Deep Sea: Pakistan Navy Submarine Force | website=Hilal Publications | date=23 March 1940 | url=https://hilal.gov.pk/view-article.php?i=124 | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref> Its formation served as ] in the Pakistan's ]. The force began operations with the induction of the USS ''Diablo'', later renamed PNS ''Ghazi'', a ], from the United States<ref name="p443"/> and was subsequently deployed at ] on 4 September 1964.<ref name="e881">{{cite web | last=SÜNNETÇİ | first=İbrahim | title="Together for Peace" AMAN-19 Multinational Naval Exercise & Pakistan – Turkey Defence Cooperation | website=Defence Turkey Magazine | date=1 April 2019 | url=https://www.defenceturkey.com/en/content/together-for-peace-aman-19-multinational-naval-exercise-pakistan-turkey-defence-cooperation-3454 | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| === Early years (1960s–1970s) === | === Early years (1960s–1970s) === | ||
| Following the induction of '' |
Following the induction of ''Ghazi'', the Submarine Force was deployed during ] of the ]. The submarine was stationed in the Indian Ocean, where its presence contributed to the ] of the Pakistan Navy. During the conflict, ''Ghazi'' was deployed off India's western coast, and its presence led to the ]'s ] remaining in port, reducing the naval threats faced by Pakistan.<ref name="h017">{{cite web | title=Submarine Force History | website=Pakistan Navy Official Website | date=12 January 1970 | url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_history.html | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| In the 1970s, the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force expanded with the induction of three |
In the 1970s, the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force expanded with the induction of three {{sclass|Daphné|submarine|1}}s from France. These submarines, commissioned as {{PNS|Hangor}}, {{PNS|Shushuk|S132|6}}, and {{PNS|Hangor|S131|6}} between 1969 and 1970, increased the number of operational submarines in the fleet.<ref name="h017"/> | ||
| During the ], '' |
During the ], ''Hangor'' conducted a patrol along India's western coast, where it sank the Indian Navy's ] {{INS|Khukri|F149|6}} on 9 December 1971. This attack was the first submarine strike by Submarine Force on a ] since ]. These actions contributed to the disruption of ] in the region and contributed to the protection to Pakistan-bound shipping.<ref name="h017"/> | ||
| === Expansion === | === Expansion === | ||
| After the 1971 war, the Submarine Force continued to update its services. In 1975, negotiations with the ] led to the acquisition of a |
After the 1971 war, the Submarine Force continued to update its services. In 1975, negotiations with the ] led to the acquisition of a ''Daphné''-class submarine, which was renamed {{PNS|Ghazi|S134}}. The submarine underwent a major refit in France and was re-commissioned in 1977.<ref name="h017"/> | ||
| In the late 1970s, the Pakistan Navy negotiated with France for the acquisition of ]s, leading to the induction of two submarines, |
In the late 1970s, the Pakistan Navy negotiated with France for the acquisition of ]s, leading to the induction of two submarines, {{PNS|Khalid}} and {{PNS|Hamza}}, in the early 1980s. These submarines featured more advanced technology compared to earlier platforms in the component.<ref name="h017"/> | ||
| In the 1990s, the Navy advanced its submarine capabilities with the |
In the 1990s, the Navy advanced its submarine capabilities with the introduction of {{sclass2|Agosta 90B|submarine|1}}s, accompanied with ] (AIP) systems. The ''Agosta 90B'' class, designed by DCN (]), provided enhanced submerged endurance, improved ] systems, and updated weapons capabilities. This class incorporated several modern systems, including ] linear ], ], and an integrated combat system designed to support ] and response in various operational environments.<ref name="h017"/><ref name="s046"/> | ||
| == Role and responsibilities == | == Role and responsibilities == | ||
| Besides being responsible for reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, and offensive operations,<ref name="u818"/> the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force is also tasked with maintaining the ] and ] of its submarines, including ]. Its primary responsibilities involve maintaining the availability of these vessels, meeting operational objectives, and developing structured workup and ] plans in coordination with ].<ref name="t117">{{cite web | title=Tasks and Roles | website=Pakistan Navy Official Website | url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_task_roles.html | access-date=12 |
Besides being responsible for reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, and offensive operations,<ref name="u818"/> the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force is also tasked with maintaining the ] and ] of its submarines, including ]. Its primary responsibilities involve maintaining the availability of these vessels, meeting operational objectives, and developing structured workup and ] plans in coordination with ].<ref name="t117">{{cite web | title=Tasks and Roles | website=Pakistan Navy Official Website | url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_task_roles.html | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| == Equipment == | == Equipment == | ||
| {{Main|List of active Pakistan Navy ships}} | {{Main|List of active Pakistan Navy ships#Submarine fleet}} | ||
| During the 2000s, the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force introduced updates to its fleet. In 2005, the submarine force added |
During the 2000s, the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force introduced updates to its fleet. In 2005, the submarine force added {{sclass2|X|submarine|1}}s, which were transferred from the ] (SSG(N)), increasing the number of ]s to eight.<ref name="s046">{{cite web | last=Osman | first=Ali | title=Pakistan's tool of war: Agosta 90B, our submarine in the deep | website=DAWN.COM | date=19 October 2015 | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1213256 | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="h017"/> | ||
| As of 2024, the fleet of Pakistan Submarine Force operate eight submarines, including five ] ]s and three air-independent propulsion-based submarines such as two ''Agosta-70''-class submarines and three more modern |
As of 2024, the fleet of Pakistan Submarine Force operate eight submarines, including five ] ]s and three air-independent propulsion-based submarines such as two ''Agosta-70''-class submarines and three more modern ''Agosta 90B''-class submarines, all designed in France. The third ''Agosta-90B'' submarine, PNS ''Hamza'', was built locally by ] (KSEW) and commissioned on 26 September 2008. It was the first conventional submarine in South Asia to feature the MESMA AIP system. In 2011, Pakistan retrofitted the two earlier ''Agosta-90B'' submarines with AIP technology during their overhauls.<ref name="s170">{{cite web | title=Pakistan Submarine Capabilities | website=The Nuclear Threat Initiative | date=4 September 2024 | url=https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/pakistan-submarine-capabilities/ | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| In 2015, Pakistan signed a ]5 billion deal with China to acquire eight ] |
In 2015, Pakistan signed a ]5 billion deal with China to acquire eight ] and ] ]s. KSEW was set to build four of these submarines in Pakistan, while China the remaining four. Delivery of the first four submarines was initially planned for 2023 but was delayed to 2024. The remaining submarines are scheduled to be delivered between 2025 and 2028. Also, in 2017, Pakistan successfully test-fired its first nuclear-capable submarine-launched cruise missile, the ], following India's ] missile test.<ref name="s076">{{cite web | title=In $5 billion agreement, Pak to acquire 8 attack submarines from China | website=Business Standard | date=31 August 2016 | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pak-to-acquire-eight-attack-submarines-from-china-116083100723_1.html | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="s170"/> | ||
| In 2024, Pakistan began the development of its sixth |
In 2024, Pakistan began the development of its sixth {{sclass|Hangor|submarine|1}}, which features advanced weapon and sensor systems. The first submarine of this class was launched in ], China, in April 2024.<ref name="g425">{{cite web | last=Shahid | first=Gazi Abbas | title=Major concern for India as Pakistan boosts naval power with submarines, warships, missiles, and... | website=india.com News | date=9 December 2024 | url=https://www.india.com/news/world/pakistan-navy-major-concern-for-india-as-pakistan-boosts-naval-power-with-submarines-warships-missiles-and-drones-indian-navy-7451082/ | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| === Proposed equipment === | |||
| In 2023, ], a South Korean shipbuilding company, alongside the ], proposed its ] platform to the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force. The ''Jang Bogo-3'' features modern propulsion systems, sonar, combat management systems (CMS), and ] technology. The proposal also includes ] (ILS) to support maintenance and operational efficiency throughout the submarine's lifecycle. The ''Jang Bogo-3'' is currently in service with the Republic of Korea Navy, with additional units under construction.<ref name="d772">{{cite web | title=Korean firm offers modern sub to Philippines | website=Navy Leaders 2022 | date=22 Sep 2023 | url=https://www.navyleaders.com/news/korean-firm-offers-modern-sub-philippines | access-date=12 Dec 2024}}</ref> | |||
| == Training centres == | == Training centres == | ||
| In 1980, the Pakistan Navy established the Submarine Training Centre (STC) at |
In 1980, the Pakistan Navy established the Submarine Training Centre (STC) at {{PNS|Bahadur}} to provide specialized training for submarine personnel in areas such as submarine operations, diving, propulsion, and sonar systems. The force inducted the {{PNS|Abdoze}} submarine base to support logistical and operational support for submarines while docked.<ref name="h017"/> | ||
| In 2008, the Fleet Acoustic Research and Classification Centre (FARCC) was set up to focus on ] in underwater acoustics and related technologies.<ref name="h017"/> | In 2008, the Fleet Acoustic Research and Classification Centre (FARCC) was set up to focus on ] in underwater acoustics and related technologies.<ref name="h017"/> | ||
| Line 79: | Line 78: | ||
| |] | |] | ||
| |} | |} | ||
| The Pakistan Navy Submarine Force was awarded the National Standard on 3 January 1997 by then-], ].<ref name="w204"/> It has also received two ], the third highest military award, one ], the fourth highest military award, and seven ], the fifth highest military award, for its contributions during the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1965 and 1971.<ref name="h017"/> However, some sources, such as '']'', suggest that the Force received six Sitara-e-Jurat, seven Tamgha-i-Jurat, and 21 Imtiazi Sanad, reportedly the highest number of operational ]s conferred on a single unit of the Pakistan Navy.<ref name="l429">{{cite web | title=52 years of heroic action of PNS Hangor | website=The Frontier Post – News From All Frontiers | date=2 |
The Pakistan Navy Submarine Force was awarded the National Standard on 3 January 1997 by then-], ].<ref name="w204"/> It has also received two ], the third highest military award, one ], the fourth highest military award, and seven ], the fifth highest military award, for its contributions during the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1965 and 1971.<ref name="h017"/> However, some sources, such as '']'', suggest that the Force received six Sitara-e-Jurat, seven Tamgha-i-Jurat, and 21 Imtiazi Sanad, reportedly the highest number of operational ]s conferred on a single unit of the Pakistan Navy.<ref name="l429">{{cite web | title=52 years of heroic action of PNS Hangor | website=The Frontier Post – News From All Frontiers | date=2 January 2006 | url=https://thefrontierpost.com/52-years-of-heroic-action-of-pns-hangor/ | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| On 1 June 2014, the ] issued a ] to observe the 50th anniversary of the Pakistan Submarine Force.<ref name="n303">{{cite web | title=Pakistan Post Office Department | website=Pakistan Post | url=https://www.pakpost.gov.pk/stamps1/Golden_Jubilee_Pak_Navy_Submarin_Force.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204255/https://www.pakpost.gov.pk/stamps1/Golden_Jubilee_Pak_Navy_Submarin_Force.html |archive-date=3 |
On 1 June 2014, the ] issued a ] to observe the 50th anniversary of the Pakistan Submarine Force.<ref name="n303">{{cite web | title=Pakistan Post Office Department | website=Pakistan Post | url=https://www.pakpost.gov.pk/stamps1/Golden_Jubilee_Pak_Navy_Submarin_Force.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204255/https://www.pakpost.gov.pk/stamps1/Golden_Jubilee_Pak_Navy_Submarin_Force.html |archive-date=3 July 2014 | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="v924">{{cite web | last=Kazmi | first=Zohaib | title=PN celebrates golden jubilee of Submarine Force | website=ARY NEWS | date=2 June 2014 | url=https://arynews.tv/pn-celebrates-golden-jubilee-submarine-force/ | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref> The following day, 2 June 2014, the ] also issued a ] to observe the anniversary.<ref name="c767">{{cite web | title=State Bank to issue Rs.25 commemorative coin | url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/press/2014/Rs25Coin-02-Jun-14.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130205642/https://www.sbp.org.pk/press/2014/Rs25Coin-02-Jun-14.pdf |archive-date=30 November 2021 | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="s650">{{cite web | last=Ali | first=Kalbe | title=Rs25 coin to mark submarine force's golden jubilee | website=DAWN.COM | date=1 June 2014 | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1109906 | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| ] ] referred to the Pakistan Submarine Force as "the backbone of the Pakistani fleet".<ref name="m832">{{cite web | title=Drowning Stability: The Perils of Naval Nuclearization and Brinkmanship in the Indian Ocean | website=Naval War College | url=https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/187a93e1-db4c-474e-9be8-038bb7a64edb/Drowning-Stability--The-Perils-of-Naval-Nucleariza |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017221521/https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/187a93e1-db4c-474e-9be8-038bb7a64edb/Drowning-Stability--The-Perils-of-Naval-Nucleariza |archive-date=17 |
] ] referred to the Pakistan Submarine Force as "the backbone of the Pakistani fleet".<ref name="m832">{{cite web | title=Drowning Stability: The Perils of Naval Nuclearization and Brinkmanship in the Indian Ocean | website=Naval War College | url=https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/187a93e1-db4c-474e-9be8-038bb7a64edb/Drowning-Stability--The-Perils-of-Naval-Nucleariza |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017221521/https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/187a93e1-db4c-474e-9be8-038bb7a64edb/Drowning-Stability--The-Perils-of-Naval-Nucleariza |archive-date=17 October 2012 | access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| == Footnotes == | |||
| ⚫ | {{notelist}} | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| ⚫ | {{notelist}} | ||
| == Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
| * {{cite web | last=Raza | first=Shahid | title=Pakistan |
* {{cite web | last=Raza | first=Shahid | title=Pakistan Navy's Blue Water Ambitions | website=Global Village Space | date=19 February 2019 | url=https://www.globalvillagespace.com/pakistan-navys-blue-water-ambitions/ | access-date=11 December 2024}} | ||
| * {{cite web | last=Panneerselvam | first=Prakash | title= |
* {{cite web | last=Panneerselvam | first=Prakash | title=Pakistan's New Midget Submarine: Emerging Challenge to India in the Arabian Sea | website=The Diplomat – Asia-Pacific Current Affairs Magazine | date=29 April 2020 | url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/pakistans-new-midget-submarine-emerging-challenge-to-india-in-the-arabian-sea/ | access-date=11 December 2024}} | ||
| == External links == | == External links == | ||
Latest revision as of 01:29, 30 December 2024
Underwater warfare division of the Pakistan Navy
| Pakistan Navy Submarine Force | |
|---|---|
 Crest of Pakistan Navy | |
| Active | 1964–present |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Branch | Pakistan Navy |
| Type | Submarine Force |
| Role | |
| Size | Classified |
| Part of | Pakistan Navy Fleet Command (COMPAK) |
| Primary Base | Karachi Naval Dockyard |
| Equipment | List |
| Engagements | |
| Decorations | List |
| Website | www |
| Commanders | |
| Commanders | Various officers |
| Notable commanders | Vice admiral A. R. Khan |
Pakistan Navy Submarine Force, officially referred to as the PN Submarine Force, is the principal underwater warfare component of the Pakistan Navy. It is responsible for reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, and offensive operations during wartime. Established in 1964 with the induction of its first submarine, PNS Ghazi (formerly USS Diablo) from the United States, it became the first submarine force to operate in the Indian Ocean. Since its inception, the Submarine Force has participated in cross-border engagements, including the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 and the 1971.
History
Origin
The Pakistan Navy Submarine Force was established on 1 June 1964, making it one of the earliest submarine forces in South Asia. The creation of the Submarine Force is attributed to vice admiral Afzal Rahman Khan, who was the naval commander-in-chief at the time and played a central role in its development. Its formation served as a significant development in the Pakistan's maritime history. The force began operations with the induction of the USS Diablo, later renamed PNS Ghazi, a GUPPY II submarine, from the United States and was subsequently deployed at Karachi Port on 4 September 1964.
Early years (1960s–1970s)
Following the induction of Ghazi, the Submarine Force was deployed during Operation Desert Hawk of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965. The submarine was stationed in the Indian Ocean, where its presence contributed to the strategic positioning of the Pakistan Navy. During the conflict, Ghazi was deployed off India's western coast, and its presence led to the Indian Navy's Western Fleet remaining in port, reducing the naval threats faced by Pakistan.
In the 1970s, the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force expanded with the induction of three Daphné-class submarines from France. These submarines, commissioned as PNS Hangor, PNS Shushuk, and PNS Hangor between 1969 and 1970, increased the number of operational submarines in the fleet.
During the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, Hangor conducted a patrol along India's western coast, where it sank the Indian Navy's frigate INS Khukri on 9 December 1971. This attack was the first submarine strike by Submarine Force on a surface ship since World War II. These actions contributed to the disruption of Indian naval operations in the region and contributed to the protection to Pakistan-bound shipping.
Expansion
After the 1971 war, the Submarine Force continued to update its services. In 1975, negotiations with the Portuguese Navy led to the acquisition of a Daphné-class submarine, which was renamed PNS Ghazi (S134). The submarine underwent a major refit in France and was re-commissioned in 1977.
In the late 1970s, the Pakistan Navy negotiated with France for the acquisition of Agosta 70-class submarines, leading to the induction of two submarines, PNS Khalid and PNS Hamza, in the early 1980s. These submarines featured more advanced technology compared to earlier platforms in the component.
In the 1990s, the Navy advanced its submarine capabilities with the introduction of Agosta 90B-class submarines, accompanied with air-independent propulsion (AIP) systems. The Agosta 90B class, designed by DCN (Direction des Constructions Navales), provided enhanced submerged endurance, improved sonar systems, and updated weapons capabilities. This class incorporated several modern systems, including VLF linear towed array sonar, photonics mast, and an integrated combat system designed to support detection and response in various operational environments.
Role and responsibilities
Besides being responsible for reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, and offensive operations, the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force is also tasked with maintaining the operational readiness and combat efficiency of its submarines, including Cosmos-class "X-craft" submarine. Its primary responsibilities involve maintaining the availability of these vessels, meeting operational objectives, and developing structured workup and inspection plans in coordination with relevant training authorities.
Equipment
Main article: List of active Pakistan Navy ships § Submarine fleetDuring the 2000s, the Pakistan Navy Submarine Force introduced updates to its fleet. In 2005, the submarine force added X-class submarines, which were transferred from the Special Services Group Navy (SSG(N)), increasing the number of sub-surface units to eight.
As of 2024, the fleet of Pakistan Submarine Force operate eight submarines, including five diesel-electric attack submarines and three air-independent propulsion-based submarines such as two Agosta-70-class submarines and three more modern Agosta 90B-class submarines, all designed in France. The third Agosta-90B submarine, PNS Hamza, was built locally by Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works (KSEW) and commissioned on 26 September 2008. It was the first conventional submarine in South Asia to feature the MESMA AIP system. In 2011, Pakistan retrofitted the two earlier Agosta-90B submarines with AIP technology during their overhauls.
In 2015, Pakistan signed a $5 billion deal with China to acquire eight Type 039 Yuan-class and Type 041 attack submarines. KSEW was set to build four of these submarines in Pakistan, while China the remaining four. Delivery of the first four submarines was initially planned for 2023 but was delayed to 2024. The remaining submarines are scheduled to be delivered between 2025 and 2028. Also, in 2017, Pakistan successfully test-fired its first nuclear-capable submarine-launched cruise missile, the Babur-III, following India's Agni-V missile test.
In 2024, Pakistan began the development of its sixth Hangor-class submarine, which features advanced weapon and sensor systems. The first submarine of this class was launched in Wuhan, China, in April 2024.
Training centres
In 1980, the Pakistan Navy established the Submarine Training Centre (STC) at PNS Bahadur to provide specialized training for submarine personnel in areas such as submarine operations, diving, propulsion, and sonar systems. The force inducted the PNS Abdoze submarine base to support logistical and operational support for submarines while docked.
In 2008, the Fleet Acoustic Research and Classification Centre (FARCC) was set up to focus on research and development in underwater acoustics and related technologies.
Awards and accolades
| Sitara-e-Jurat | Tamgha-i-Jurat | Imtiazi Sanad |
|---|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
The Pakistan Navy Submarine Force was awarded the National Standard on 3 January 1997 by then-president of Pakistan, Farooq Leghari. It has also received two Sitara-e-Jurat, the third highest military award, one Tamgha-i-Jurat, the fourth highest military award, and seven Imtiazi Sanad, the fifth highest military award, for its contributions during the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1965 and 1971. However, some sources, such as The Frontier Post, suggest that the Force received six Sitara-e-Jurat, seven Tamgha-i-Jurat, and 21 Imtiazi Sanad, reportedly the highest number of operational gallantry awards conferred on a single unit of the Pakistan Navy.
On 1 June 2014, the government of Pakistan issued a commemorative postage stamp to observe the 50th anniversary of the Pakistan Submarine Force. The following day, 2 June 2014, the State Bank of Pakistan also issued a commemorative coin to observe the anniversary.
Admiral Noman Bashir referred to the Pakistan Submarine Force as "the backbone of the Pakistani fleet".
See also
Footnotes
- Urdu: پاکستان بحریہ سب میرین فورس, Urdu pronunciation: [ˈpaːkɪstaːn bəɦriːjə səb miːriːn foːrs]; pronounced variably in English as /ˈpækɪstænˈneɪvisʌbməˈriːn/ and /ˈpɑːkɪstɑːnˈneɪvisʌbməˈriːn/.
- Urdu: پی این سب میرین فورس, Urdu pronunciation: [piː ɛn səb miːriːn foːrs]; pronounced in English as /ˈpiːˈɛnsʌbməˈriːn/.
References
- ^ "Pakistan Navy Submarine Force and Hangor war action". The Nation. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- ^ Salamat, Sajid (9 December 2024). "53rd Hangor Day". Daily Times. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- ^ "Guardians of the Deep Sea: Pakistan Navy Submarine Force". Hilal Publications. 23 March 1940. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- SÜNNETÇİ, İbrahim (1 April 2019). ""Together for Peace" AMAN-19 Multinational Naval Exercise & Pakistan – Turkey Defence Cooperation". Defence Turkey Magazine. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ "Submarine Force History". Pakistan Navy Official Website. 12 January 1970. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- ^ Osman, Ali (19 October 2015). "Pakistan's tool of war: Agosta 90B, our submarine in the deep". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- "Tasks and Roles". Pakistan Navy Official Website. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ "Pakistan Submarine Capabilities". The Nuclear Threat Initiative. 4 September 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- "In $5 billion agreement, Pak to acquire 8 attack submarines from China". Business Standard. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
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Further reading
- Raza, Shahid (19 February 2019). "Pakistan Navy's Blue Water Ambitions". Global Village Space. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- Panneerselvam, Prakash (29 April 2020). "Pakistan's New Midget Submarine: Emerging Challenge to India in the Arabian Sea". The Diplomat – Asia-Pacific Current Affairs Magazine. Retrieved 11 December 2024.