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| {{Short description|Rare species of banana}} | {{Short description|Rare species of banana}} | ||
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| | genus = Ensete | | genus = Ensete | ||
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| | authority = (Claverie) Cheesman | | authority = (Claverie) Cheesman | ||
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| ⚫ | The '''Madagascar banana''' or '''''Ensete perrieri''''' is a ] of ] exclusively found in western ]. The Madagascar banana is listed as ] because of ] and ]. However, some ] believe that only the Madagascar banana can save the ] from ], which wiped out the ] banana, a commercial crop.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Yes! We have no bananas: Why the song may come true again |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-44712034 |website=BBC |date=5 July 2018 |publisher=Helen Briggs |access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=The critically endangered Madagascar Banana |url=https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/madagascan-banana |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Kew |publisher=Richard Allen , Dr James J Clarkson and Dr Hélène Ralimanana |quote=Only five mature individuals of E. perrieri have been previously identified in the whole of Madagascar, and a recent survey has suggested that now only three of these may be left (Analavelona, Ampefy and Maintirano areas).}}</ref> | ||
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| ⚫ | The |
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| ==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| The Madagascar banana tree is a ] tree.<ref name=":3" /> It loses all of its leaves in the dry season with only a ] of leaf-sheaths remaining.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jolly |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lR0lBQAAQBAJ&dq=Ensete+perrieri+-ventricosum&pg=PA27 |title=Key Environments: Madagascar |last2=Oberle |first2=P. |last3=Albignac |first3=R. |date=2016-01-22 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-4832-8595-5 |page=42 |language=en}}</ref> There are two research grade observations on ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Observations |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?verifiable=true&taxon_id=424955 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=iNaturalist |language=en}}</ref> | |||
| The Madagascar banana is yellow when ripe, and green when not, just like the Cavendish banana but much firmer, with large seeds inside the flesh, and has thinner skin, making it easier to peel. A typical Madagascar banana tree can grow up to 10 meters (32 ft) high and has a bluish-waxy ] with straight yellow leaves.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cheeseman |first1=Ernest |title=Classification of the Bananas: The Genus Ensete Horan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4109206 |website=jstor.org |publisher=Kew Bulletin |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> | |||
| A typical Madagascar banana tree is 5 to 6 meters high, with a trunk swollen at the base into a thick ] 2.50 meters in ]. The roots are white, ] and thick. The stem is surrounded by persistent leaf sheaths and thus takes on the appearance of a large trunk swollen at its base. It measures, on average, 2 meters in circumference at the collar, 2.50m a little higher (at a distance of 50 centimeters), only 0.70m at the level of the lower leaves.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/161596#page/73/mode/1up |title=Annales du Muśee colonial de Marseille |last2= |first2= |publisher=] |year=1909 |volume=ser.2:v.7 |location= |pages=74–86 |language=fr}}</ref> | |||
| ==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
| Because of its large seeds, it is not palatable to eat. However, it may be possible to breed edible bananas with it.<ref name=":1" /> Some local people say it has medical benefits.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Randrianarivony |first1=Tabita N. |last2=Andriamihajarivo |first2=Tefy H. |last3=Ramarosandratana |first3=Aro V. |last4=Rakotoarivony |first4=Fortunat |last5=Jeannoda |first5=Vololoniaina H. |last6=Kuhlman |first6=Alyse |last7=Randrianasolo |first7=Armand |last8=Bussmann |first8=Rainer |date=2016-12-23 |title=Value of useful goods and ecosystem services from Agnalavelo sacred forest and their relationships with forest conservation |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/mcd/article/view/149654 |journal=Madagascar Conservation & Development |language=en |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=44–51 |doi=10.4314/mcd.v11i2.1 |issn=1662-2510}}</ref> | |||
| Because of its large seeds, it is not palatable to eat. However, it may be possible to breed edible bananas with it. <ref name=":1" /> | |||
| ==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| A ] was collected in ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Specimen: H. Perrier de la Bâthie - 1796 - none |url=https://www.tropicos.or/}}</ref> in 1905 by French botanist ],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Occurrence Detail 4061008915 |url=https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4061008915 |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref> and is kept in a ] in the ].<ref name=":2" /> |
A ] was collected in ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Specimen: H. Perrier de la Bâthie - 1796 - none |url=https://www.tropicos.or/}}</ref> in 1905 by a French botanist named, ],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Occurrence Detail 4061008915 |url=https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4061008915 |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref> and is kept in a ] in the ].<ref name=":2" /> The Madagascar banana is named after a French botanist, ], and was originally classified in the genus '']'',{{cn|date=December 2024}} but, was later reclassified as '']'' by ].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cheesman |first=E. E. |date=1947 |title=Classification of the Bananas: The Genus Ensete Horan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4109206 |journal=Kew Bulletin |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=97–106 |doi=10.2307/4109206 |jstor=4109206 |bibcode=1947KewBu...2...97C |issn=0075-5974}}</ref> The Madagascar banana is a wild relative of the Abyssinian banana ('']''),<ref name=":0" /> and is closely related to the Cavendish banana, meaning, they are ]s, belonging to the ].<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| ==Habitat and cultivation== | ==Habitat and cultivation== | ||
| Madagascar bananas are native to the ] of western Madagascar, and, in 2018, it was thought by botanists at ] that there were only three known mature Madagascar banana trees left, but, seedlings have been seen.<ref name=":0" /> The Madagascar banana has a ] that allows them to be ].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Madagascar bananas can be found within the ].<ref name=":0" /> | Madagascar bananas are native to the ] of western Madagascar,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ensete perrieri (Claverie) Cheesman {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:584802-1 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref> and, in 2018, it was thought by botanists at ] that there were only three known mature Madagascar banana trees left, but, seedlings have been seen.<ref name=":0" /> The Madagascar banana has a ] that allows them to be ].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Madagascar bananas can be found within the ].<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 16:40, 30 December 2024
Rare species of banana
| Madagascar banana | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Zingiberales |
| Family: | Musaceae |
| Genus: | Ensete |
| Species: | E. perrieri |
| Binomial name | |
| Ensete perrieri (Claverie) Cheesman | |
The Madagascar banana or Ensete perrieri is a species of banana exclusively found in western Madagascar. The Madagascar banana is listed as critically endangered because of deforestation and climate change. However, some botanists believe that only the Madagascar banana can save the Cavendish banana from Panama disease, which wiped out the Gros Michel banana, a commercial crop.
Description
The Madagascar banana tree is a herbaceous tree. It loses all of its leaves in the dry season with only a pseudostem of leaf-sheaths remaining. There are two research grade observations on inaturalist.
A typical Madagascar banana tree is 5 to 6 meters high, with a trunk swollen at the base into a thick tuber 2.50 meters in circumference. The roots are white, cylindrical and thick. The stem is surrounded by persistent leaf sheaths and thus takes on the appearance of a large trunk swollen at its base. It measures, on average, 2 meters in circumference at the collar, 2.50m a little higher (at a distance of 50 centimeters), only 0.70m at the level of the lower leaves.
Uses
Because of its large seeds, it is not palatable to eat. However, it may be possible to breed edible bananas with it. Some local people say it has medical benefits.
Taxonomy
A specimen was collected in Betsiboka in 1905 by a French botanist named, Pierre Claverie, and is kept in a herbarium in the National Museum of Natural History, France. The Madagascar banana is named after a French botanist, Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie, and was originally classified in the genus Musa, but, was later reclassified as Ensete by Ernest Entwistle Cheesman. The Madagascar banana is a wild relative of the Abyssinian banana (Ensete ventricosum), and is closely related to the Cavendish banana, meaning, they are triploids, belonging to the AAA group of banana cultivars.
Habitat and cultivation
Madagascar bananas are native to the dry tropical forests of western Madagascar, and, in 2018, it was thought by botanists at Kew Gardens that there were only three known mature Madagascar banana trees left, but, seedlings have been seen. The Madagascar banana has a genetic trait that allows them to be resistant to diseases. Madagascar bananas can be found within the Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve.
See also
References
- ^ "Yes! We have no bananas: Why the song may come true again". BBC. Helen Briggs. 5 July 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- ^ "The critically endangered Madagascar Banana". Kew. Richard Allen , Dr James J Clarkson and Dr Hélène Ralimanana. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
Only five mature individuals of E. perrieri have been previously identified in the whole of Madagascar, and a recent survey has suggested that now only three of these may be left (Analavelona, Ampefy and Maintirano areas).
- ^ "Ensete perrieri (Claverie) Cheesman | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
- Jolly, A.; Oberle, P.; Albignac, R. (2016-01-22). Key Environments: Madagascar. Elsevier. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-4832-8595-5.
- "Observations". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
- Annales du Muśee colonial de Marseille (in French). Vol. ser.2:v.7. Aix-Marseille University Faculty of Sciences. 1909. pp. 74–86.
- Randrianarivony, Tabita N.; Andriamihajarivo, Tefy H.; Ramarosandratana, Aro V.; Rakotoarivony, Fortunat; Jeannoda, Vololoniaina H.; Kuhlman, Alyse; Randrianasolo, Armand; Bussmann, Rainer (2016-12-23). "Value of useful goods and ecosystem services from Agnalavelo sacred forest and their relationships with forest conservation". Madagascar Conservation & Development. 11 (2): 44–51. doi:10.4314/mcd.v11i2.1. ISSN 1662-2510.
- "Specimen: H. Perrier de la Bâthie - 1796 - none".
- ^ "Occurrence Detail 4061008915". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
- Cheesman, E. E. (1947). "Classification of the Bananas: The Genus Ensete Horan". Kew Bulletin. 2 (2): 97–106. Bibcode:1947KewBu...2...97C. doi:10.2307/4109206. ISSN 0075-5974. JSTOR 4109206.
External links
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| Ensete perrieri |
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| Musa perrieri | |