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{{Short description|Rapid transit network in Vietnam}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2006}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{future public transportation}}
{{Infobox Public transit
'''Ho Chi Minh city Metro''' is a metro system under planning and scheduled for completion in ].
| name = Ho Chi Minh City Metro
A city-wide subway system (195 km by the year of 2020) is planned for Ho Chi Minh City, in southern Vietnam (formerly known as Saigon). The population in the metropolitan area is about 3.5 million.
| image = HCMC Metro logo.svg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| image2 = Thao Dien metro station 9.jpg
| imagesize2 = 250px
| caption2 = A picture of ] from afar.
| native_name = ''Đường sắt đô thị Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh''
| owner = Management Authority for Urban Railways (MAUR)
| locale = ], Vietnam
| transit_type = ]
| lines = 1 (operational)<br>1 (under construction)<br>6 (planned)
| stations = 14 (operational)
| ridership =
| vehicles = '''Line 1:''' 17 three-car ] trains
| train_length =
| headway =
| system_length = {{convert|19.7|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} (Line 1)
| el = ]
| track_gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}<ref name="urbanrail01" />
| top_speed = {{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref name="urbanrail01" />
| map_state =
| website =
| began_operation = 22 December 2024
| character = Elevated and underground
| map = {{Rapid transit OSM map
| system_qid = Q61132107
| frame-width = 300
| frame-height = 300
| zoom = 11
| plain = no
| text = HCMC Metro map
| frame-align = center
| single_line = y
}}
}}


The '''Ho Chi Minh City Metro''' ('''HCMC Metro''', {{langx|vi|Đường sắt đô thị Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh|lit=}}) is a ] system in ], the most populous city in Vietnam.


The system currently consists of one operational line, ] which opened on 22 December 2024 from ] to ]. Additional lines are currently under construction or being planned. Line 1 is {{cvt|19.7|km}} long with three underground stations (], Ho Chi Minh City Opera House, and Ba Son) and eleven elevated stations. The underground stations are Vietnam's first underground metro stations. Trains are designed to travel at up to {{cvt|110|km/h}} on the elevated sections and up to {{cvt|80|km/h}} underground.
== Plan ==


As part of its inauguration, nine trains will initially run from 5am to 10pm, with peak hour and off-peak frequencies of eight and twelve minutes, respectively. The metro will remain free for the first 30 days of operation. Feeder bus lines connecting to Metro Line 1 will also be free from 1 January 2025 until fare collection begins on the metro.
According to the master plan announced in February 2001, the inner metro system will comprise the following routes:


== History ==
- Northwest-Southeast (46.86km long with 44 stops)
{{main|History of the Ho Chi Minh City Metro}}
=== Earlier proposals (2001–2012) ===
The network was first proposed in 2001<ref name="urbanrail01">{{cite web |author=Robert Schwandl |url=http://www.urbanrail.net/as/hcmc/ho-chi-minh-city.htm |title=Ho Chi Minh City Metro |website=UrbanRail.net |year=2007 |access-date=2010-05-26}}</ref> as part of a comprehensive ] network plan including Ho Chi Minh City and neighbouring provinces, with the aim of avoiding the severe traffic congestion problems that have affected other Asian cities (such as ]).<ref name="irj2002">{{cite journal|url=http://elibrary.ibtimes.com/article-1G1-86647716/ho-chi-minh-city.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601121437/http://elibrary.ibtimes.com/article-1G1-86647716/ho-chi-minh-city.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 June 2010 |title=Ho Chi Minh City plans to build a metro network |journal=] |date=1 May 2002 |access-date=2010-05-27 }}</ref>


According to the original master plan submitted in February 2001, the metro system would comprise six lines. The plan was originally expected to cost US$1.5 billion over 10 years, as part of a US$3.35 billion program to build a rail network serving Ho Chi Minh City and surrounding provinces.<ref name="irj2001">{{cite journal |url=http://elibrary.ibtimes.com/article-1G1-69709366/ho-chi-minh-city.html |title=Ho Chi Minh City Metro Plan |journal=] |date=January 2001 |access-date=2010-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601114536/http://elibrary.ibtimes.com/article-1G1-69709366/ho-chi-minh-city.html |archive-date=2010-06-01 }}</ref>
- Inner Belt (43.14km, 45 stops)


The plan was revised in 2007 and proposed no less than six urban rail lines. The city’s transport development master plan to 2020 envisages developing three ] or ] lines with a total length of {{convert|37|km|mi}} and six underground ] routes with a total length of {{convert|107|km|mi}}.<ref name=japanaid>{{cite news | author=M.Vong | url=http://www.thanhniennews.com/2007/Pages/200741013369026957.aspx | newspaper=Thanh Nien | title=Vietnam to build first subway with Japanese aid | date=10 April 2007 | access-date=2010-05-14 | archive-date=2012-03-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308085704/http://www.thanhniennews.com/2007/pages/200741013369026957.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> ] in District 1, already a major hub for bus traffic, will become a major hub connecting several lines.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}
- Tan Son Nhat (9.3km, nine stops)


=== Revised plan and construction (2013–present) ===
- Hoa Hung-Hanoi Highway-Thu Thiem (21km, 18 stops)
]
The latest plans for Ho Chi Minh City Metro, a revised version of the earlier proposal in 2007, was approved on 8 April 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Decision 568/QĐ-TTg|url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Giao-thong-Van-tai/Quyet-dinh-568-QD-TTg-nam-2013-Dieu-chinh-Quy-hoach-phat-trien-giao-thong-181044.aspx|website=Thu Vien Phap Luat|access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Master plan of urban railways system|url=http://maur.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/web/en/master-plan-of-urban-railways-system/-/ext/articleview/article/1768689/1589413?_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_version=1.0&_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_i=0&_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_curValue=1&_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_redirect=%2Fweb%2Fen%2Fmaster-plan-of-urban-railways-system|website=MAUR|access-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170425141446/http://maur.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/web/en/master-plan-of-urban-railways-system/-/ext/articleview/article/1768689/1589413?_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_version=1.0&_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_i=0&_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_curValue=1&_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_redirect=/web/en/master-plan-of-urban-railways-system|archive-date=25 April 2017}}</ref>
The network's first line, connecting ] and ] in ], was originally scheduled for completion in 2014. A groundbreaking ceremony for Line 1 was held on 21 February 2008. However, due to funding issues, construction only began in 2012, pushing the project completion date to 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/vietnammetro/|title = Ho Chi Minh City Metro, Vietnam – Railway Technology}}</ref><ref name="vnnet-apr2010">{{cite news | url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/reports/201004/The-work-begins-HCM-City-to-have-first-subway-in-2014-907185/ | title=The work begins: HCM City to have first subway in 2014 | work=VietnamNet Bridge | date=30 April 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.railjournal.com/newsflash/work-starts-on-ho-chi-minh-city-metro-line.html |title=Work starts on Ho Chi Minh City metro line |journal=] |date=24 August 2010 |access-date=2010-08-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828105539/http://www.railjournal.com/newsflash/work-starts-on-ho-chi-minh-city-metro-line.html |archive-date=28 August 2010 }}</ref> Line 1 is mainly funded through ] provided by the ] (JICA), with the remainder being financed by the city's government budget.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Minh|first=Gia|date=2021-08-07|title=Disburse $82 mln more in ODA funds for first metro: HCMC|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/disburse-82-mln-more-in-oda-funds-for-first-metro-hcmc-4336856.html|access-date=2021-09-10|website=VnExpress International|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-18|title=Metro Line No1 in HCM City likely to be completed after 2021|url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/metro-line-no1-in-hcm-city-likely-to-be-completed-after-2021/197777.vnp|access-date=2021-09-10|website=VietnamPlus|language=en}}</ref> Nippon Koei (now ]) was the main designer and consultant for the line. The elevated sections were built by a joint venture between Japanese conglomerate ] and Vietnamese state-owned contractor Cienco 6. The underground section is being built by a joint venture between two other Japanese companies, ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/after-a-decade-of-work-ho-chi-minh-metro-to-be-completed-this-year/| title = After a decade of work, Ho Chi Minh metro to be completed this year | date = 8 June 2022| access-date = 6 Dec 2023}}</ref>


In September 2013, an agreement was reached with the Asian Development Bank, the European Investment Bank, and the Spanish Government to provide €850 million to finance the construction of Line 5, with any additional cost funded by the Vietnamese Government. A revised construction start of 2015 was provided.<ref>{{cite news| work=SGGP| title=City Metro Project receives Euro850 million funding| url=http://www.saigon-gpdaily.com.vn/Hochiminhcity/2013/9/106221/| date=12 September 2013| access-date=2013-09-12| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213004902/http://www.saigon-gpdaily.com.vn/Hochiminhcity/2013/9/106221/| archive-date=13 December 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref>
- Ben Thanh-District 2-District 9-Thu Duc (27.5 km, 18 stops)


On 13 September 2017, the authorities announced that Line 1 will be delayed for two years. Cost overrun, audits, and delayed payments to contractors contributed to the delay. The targeted completion date was set at 2020.<ref name="IRJ-jul2014">{{cite journal |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/asia/single-view/view/ho-chi-minh-city-selects-underground-contractors.html |title=Ho Chi Minh City selects underground contractors |journal=] |date=26 July 2014 |access-date=2015-04-25 |archive-date=2015-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112084020/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/asia/single-view/view/ho-chi-minh-city-selects-underground-contractors.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Planners expect the route to serve more than 160,000 passengers daily upon launch, increasing to 635,000 by 2030 and 800,000 by 2040. All stations along the route are expected to accommodate the disabled, with automatic ticket vending machines, telephone booths, restrooms, subway doors and information bulletins accessible to the handicapped and visually impaired.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
- Bien Hoa-Binh Chanh-Hoa Hung (46 km, 42 stops)


Construction of ] was initially scheduled to begin in 2013, with operations beginning in 2018. However, on 13 September 2017, the local authorities have requested to the Prime Minister to push back the construction of the second line to 2020 with completion in 2024.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
The master plan for the metro project also includes the development of routes running outside HCM City. These include the 43km Long Binh-Hoc Mon route, the Hoc Mon-Binh Chanh-Tien Giang route, the Thu Duc-Long Binh-Long Thanh-Vung Tau route and the Thu Thiem-Long Binh Vung Tau route.


On 28 January 2019, the Director of Project Management Unit at MAUR, stated that as of December 2018, construction progress of Line 1 has reached 62%, below the target of 65%. The project has been criticised by the local press for its repeated delays.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tuoitre.vn/nguy-co-tam-dung-du-an-metro-so-1-tphcm-hau-qua-khon-luong-20171014080245798.htm|title=Nguy cơ tạm dừng dự án Metro số 1 TP.HCM: Hậu quả khôn lường!|date=14 October 2017}}</ref>
Two priority lines:


In February 2020, the expected opening date for the first line was scheduled for the end of 2021.<ref>, 19 February 2020.</ref> No reason was given for the delay. The estimated cost of the line has also ballooned from $1.3 billion to more than $2.1 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://e.theleader.vn/hcm-city-calls-for-additional-us178-billion-in-eight-urban-railway-routes-20180118000457484.htm|title=HCM City calls for additional US$17.8 billion in eight urban railway routes |date=2018-01-18|work=The Leader|access-date=2018-05-09}}</ref> In December 2020, it was reported that one of the ], which hold up the concrete beams of the viaducts for Line 1, had fallen off, causing one of the beams to be displaced and crack. Research on the incident is still being done by the contractor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Unexplained HCMC metro line cracks raise serious concerns|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/unexplained-hcmc-metro-line-cracks-raise-serious-concerns-4202608.html|access-date=2020-12-08|website=VnExpress}}</ref>
1) Quang Trung - Tan Son Nhat - Ben Thanh Line: 10 km, half surface, half underground


In February 2021, first metro line completion line was pushed back to 2022.<ref name="vnexpress-feb2021">{{Cite web|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/saigon-1st-metro-line-completion-pushed-back-to-2022-4237020.html|title=Saigon 1st metro line completion pushed back to 2022 – VnExpress International}}</ref> On 8 September 2021, the Management Authority for Urban Railways (MAUR) announced that Line 1 will be further delayed. Construction was expected to be completed in late 2023, with commercial operations beginning in 2024.<ref>{{cite news|title=Completion of first HCMC metro line delayed again|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/completion-of-first-hcmc-metro-line-delayed-again-4353229.html}}</ref>
2) Ben Thanh - Binh Tay Market Line: 7 km, 8 stations, all underground


In November 2023, Indian investors plan to develop nine metro lines, which would cost a total of VND437 trillion ($19 billion), according to the India Business Forum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2023 |title=HCMC wants Indian investment in billion-dollar metro lines |url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/business/economy/hcmc-wants-indian-investment-in-billion-dollar-metro-lines-4679559.html |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=VnExpress International}}</ref>
A few technical parameters:


In February 2024, construction for Line 2 broke ground, with tunnels and stations to begin construction in 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Vietnam business hub breaks ground on Metro Line 2 |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/Vietnam-business-hub-breaks-ground-on-Metro-Line-2 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 14 March 2024, MAUR announced that Line 1 would not be operational until the fourth quarter of 2024.<ref>{{cite news|title=HCMC's first metro line delayed again|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/traffic/hcmc-s-first-metro-line-delayed-again-4722235.html}}</ref> During that same year, ], the Chinese giant, was in discussions with the government to develop railways, which included metro lines in HCMC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese giants keen on Vietnam metro railway projects |url=https://theinvestor.vn/chinese-giants-keen-on-vietnam-metro-railway-projects-d10868.html |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=theinvestor.vn |language=en}}</ref>
- Platform length: 125 m


On 21 November 2024, MAUR announced that Line 1 was "expected to enter operation" on 22 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=HCM City’s first metro line set to commence operations next month |url=https://ven.congthuong.vn/hcm-citys-first-metro-line-set-to-commence-operations-next-month-55162.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Vietnam Economic News}}</ref>
- Average station distance: 700 - 1,300 m


On 22 December 2024, Line 1 services commenced at 10AM connecting Bến Thành and Suối Tiên.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Minh |first1=Gia |last2=Tùng |first2=Thanh |title=Metro Bến Thành – Suối Tiên vận hành |url=https://vnexpress.net/metro-ben-thanh-suoi-tien-van-hanh-4830508.html |website=vnexpress.net |access-date=22 December 2024 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241222060532/https://vnexpress.net/metro-ben-thanh-suoi-tien-van-hanh-4830508.html|archive-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
- Max speed: 80 km/h


== Lines ==
- Headway: 4 min. (min. 2 min.)
{{refimprove section|date=December 2024}}
]


{| class="wikitable floatleft" style="margin: 0 auto; text-align:left;"
- Gauge: 1,435 mm
|+ style="margin:inherit; padding-bottom:0.25em"|


|-
- Car width: 3 m
! Line
! Line name
! Length
! Stations
! Terminus
! Note
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|1|HCMC Metro Line 1|{{Hcm-metro-color|1}}|white}}</big>
| '''S''': Sài Gòn line
| 19.7 km
| 14
| ] ↔ ]
| Operational, with an option to extend to ] or ]<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=VnExpress |title=Mạng lưới metro TP HCM trong tương lai |url=https://vnexpress.net/mang-luoi-metro-tp-hcm-trong-tuong-lai-4830648.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241225043142/https://vnexpress.net/mang-luoi-metro-tp-hcm-trong-tuong-lai-4830648.html |archive-date=2024-12-25 |access-date=2024-12-31 |work=vnexpress.net}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|2|HCMC Metro Line 2|{{Hcm-metro-color|2}}|white}}</big>
| '''B''': Bà Quẹo line
| 48 km
| 42
| ] ↔ ]
| Under construction<ref name=":0" /><br/>Phase 1: Bến Thành – Tham Lương with 11 stations. <ref>{{cite news|title=TPHCM khởi công tuyến tàu điện ngầm số 2|url=http://dantri.com.vn/xa-hoi/tphcm-khoi-cong-tuyen-tau-dien-ngam-so-2-1421987471.htm|access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|3A|HCMC Metro Line 3A|{{Hcm-metro-color|3A}}|white}}</big>
| '''K''': Tân Kiên line
| 19.8 km
| 17
| ] ↔ Tân Kiên
| planned<br/>Option to extend to ]<ref name=":1" />
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|3B|HCMC Metro Line 3B|{{Hcm-metro-color|3B}}|white}}</big>
| '''N''': Thị Nghè line
| 12.2 km
| 10
| Cộng Hoà Junction ↔ Hiệp Bình Phước (])
| planned<br/>Option to extend to ] and connect with Bình Dương Metro<ref name=":1" />
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|4|HCMC Metro Line 4|{{Hcm-metro-color|4}}|white}}</big>
| '''G''': Gò Vấp line
| 35.75 km
| 32
| Thạnh Xuân ↔ Hiệp Phước
| planned<ref name=":1" />
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| <big>{{RouteBox|4B|HCMC Metro Line 4B|{{Hcm-metro-color|4}}|white}}</big>
| '''T''': Tân Sơn Nhất line
| {{0}}3.2 km
| {{0}}3
| Gia Định Park (Line 4) ↔ Lăng Cha Cả Junction (Line 5)
| planned<br/>Phase 1: ] – ]<ref>{{cite news|title=5 tuyến metro của TP HCM đang triển khai đến đâu?|url=http://ndh.vn/5-tuyen-metro-cua-tp-hcm-dang-trien-khai-den-dau--20170105090739697p148c173.news|access-date=25 April 2017|archive-date=16 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016103357/http://ndh.vn/5-tuyen-metro-cua-tp-hcm-dang-trien-khai-den-dau--20170105090739697p148c173.news|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|5|HCMC Metro Line 5|{{Hcm-metro-color|5}}|white}}</big>
| '''C''': Cần Giuộc line
| 23.39 km
| 22
| New Cần Giuộc Bus Station ↔ ]
| planned<br/>Phase 1: ] – ]<ref>{{cite news|title=TPHCM: Tuyến metro số 2 và 5 đủ vốn vẫn chưa thể khởi công|url=http://www.thesaigontimes.vn/150096/TPHCM-Tuyen-metro-so-2-va-5-du-von-van-chua-the-khoi-cong.html|access-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602083813/http://www.thesaigontimes.vn/150096/TPHCM-Tuyen-metro-so-2-va-5-du-von-van-chua-the-khoi-cong.html|archive-date=2 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|6|HCMC Metro Line 6|{{Hcm-metro-color|6}}|white}}</big>
| '''Đ''': Đầm Sen line
| {{0}}6.8 km
| {{0}}7
| Bà Quẹo Junction ↔ ] Junction
| planned{{cn|date=December 2024}}
|-
|}


{{clear}}
==Work in progress==
On 2007 April 10, the Ho Chi Minh City government approved construction of Vietnam's first subway at a cost of US$1.1 billion, with 83 percent of it coming from Japanese aid.


The plan also includes 3 lines of tramway and monorail:
The Japan Bank for International Cooperation would provide $904.7 million and the municipal government $186.6 million, the city people's committee said in a statement.


{| class="wikitable floatleft" style="margin: 0 auto; text-align:left;"
Construction of the 19.7 km (12 mile) track linking Vietnam's largest city and the neighboring province of Binh Duong, known as the Ben Thanh – Suoi Tien route, was expected to start later this year or early in 2008 and finish in 2013, city transport officials said.
|+ style="margin:inherit; padding-bottom:0.25em"|


|-
The statement did not say which companies would build the subway and supply rolling stock and equipment.
! Line
! Line description
! Length
! Stations
! Route
! Note
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|T||{{Hcm-metro-color|T}}|white}}</big>
| Tramway 1
| 12.8 km
| 6
| ] (Line 1) – Võ Văn Kiệt – Lý Chiêu Hoàng – Current Western Bus Station (Bến xe Miền Tây)
| planned <br/> Option to extend to ]<ref name=":1" />
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|M2||{{Hcm-metro-color|M2}}|white}}</big>
| Monorail 2
| 27.2 km
| ?
| National Highway 50 – Xuân Thuỷ (District 2) – Bình Quới
| planned
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{RouteBox|M3||{{Hcm-metro-color|M3}}|white}}</big>
| Monorail 3
| 16.5 km
| ?
| Junction Nguyễn Oanh and Phan Văn Trị – ] – Tân Chánh Hiệp Railway Station
| planned<ref name=":1" />
|-
|}


{{clear}}
The route will start near Ben Thanh market, a popular tourist spot in the center of the city of 8 million people, run underground for 2.6 km past the Opera House, and then cross the Saigon River on an elevated track.


== Rolling stock ==
Japan’s Sumitomo Corp recently expressed interest in supplying equipment and building the system under a build-transfer form.
Line 1 uses 17 trains supplied by ]. Each train consists of 3 cars, holding up to 930 people in total (147 seated and 789 standing passengers). Each trainset is {{cvt|61.3|m|ft}} long, operates at {{cvt|110|kph|mph}} on ] elevated rail track and {{cvt|80|kph|mph}} on underground rail track. They are powered by a 1.5kV DC ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Thêm hai đoàn tàu Metro Số 1 về TP HCM |url=https://vnexpress.net/them-hai-doan-tau-metro-so-1-ve-tp-hcm-4437433.html |website=VNExpress |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thi công lắp đặt hệ thống điện tiếp điện trên cao – Gói thầu số 3: “mua sắm thiết bị cơ điện, đầu máy toa xe, đường ray và bảo dưỡng ” thuộc tuyến metro số 1 (Bến Thành – Suối Tiên). |url=http://maur.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/web/bqlds/tin-noi-bat/-/ext/articleview/article/1980803/14;jsessionid=6CE8E4BD774A819D700EB9AA2F81AECC?_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_version=1.0&_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_i=9&_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_curValue=1&_EXT_ARTICLEVIEW_redirect=%2Fweb%2Fbqlds%2Ftin-noi-bat |website=MAUR |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>


== Fares and ticketing ==
==Other offers==
The Ho Chi Minh City Management Authority for Urban Railways (MAUR) have introduced a ] for use on the Ho Chi Minh City Metro. The smart card will use ]'s ] contactless IC chip, equipping it with ] technology. Two types of smart cards are available at launch including a top-up card, which has a red design and a single-journey card, which has a blue design.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Ho Chi Minh City introduces integrated circuit card for first metro line use|url=https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/society/20230625/ho-chi-minh-city-introduces-integrated-circuit-card-for-first-metro-line-use/74011.html |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=Tuoi Tre News |language=en}}</ref>


Fares on the Ho Chi Minh City Metro are based on travel distance. For distances between 0 to 5 kilometers, the fare will be set at VND12,000, while distances exceeding 15 kilometers will have a fare of VND18,000. These fare rates will be applicable when Line 1 becomes operational, and will remain applicable for a minimum of three years and a maximum of five years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2023 |title=Ticket prices proposed for HCMC’s first metro line|url=https://english.thesaigontimes.vn/ticket-prices-proposed-for-hcmcs-first-metro-line/ |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=The Saigon Times |language=en}}</ref>
Besides the Ben Thanh – Suoi Tien route, the city is also working with Germany's Siemens AG to lobby for a soft loan from the German government for two more subway routes running a total length of 20 km.


The metro will remain free during the first 30 days of service. After which single fares will cost between VND7,000 (US$0.27) and VND20,000 (US$0.8). Contactless payments will be slightly discounted. Unlimited daily tickets cost VND40,000 (US$1.6), three-day tickets cost VND90,000 (US$3.5), and monthly tickets are priced at VND300,000 (US$11.8) or VND150,000 (US$5.9) for students.<ref>{{Cite news |last=VnExpress |title=Giá vé Metro Bến Thành - Suối Tiên thấp nhất 6.000 đồng mỗi lượt |url=https://vnexpress.net/gia-ve-metro-ben-thanh-suoi-tien-thap-nhat-6-000-dong-moi-luot-4812461.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241127231048/https://vnexpress.net/gia-ve-metro-ben-thanh-suoi-tien-thap-nhat-6-000-dong-moi-luot-4812461.html |archive-date=2024-11-27 |access-date=2024-12-31 |work=vnexpress.net |language=vi}}</ref>
China Shanghai Corporation for Foreign Economic and Technological Cooperation (Sfeco) recently did a pre-feasibility study for a 12 km fourth route between Go Vap district and district 4.


== Issues ==
It would hand in the final feasibility report by next February.
On December 26, a train had also stopped at Ba Son Station due to a signal error.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sự cố tín hiệu khiến một chuyến tàu metro phải dừng tại ga Ba Son 10 phút |url=https://vovgiaothong.vn/newsaudio/su-co-tin-hieu-khien-mot-chuyen-tau-metro-phai-dung-tai-ga-ba-son-10-phut-d42545.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=vovgiaothong.vn |language=vi}}</ref>


On December 27, heavy rain and lightning caused the protective electrical system of the Bến Thành - Suối Tiên metro line to activate, halting several trains for over 30 minutes to ensure safety. <ref>{{Cite news |last=VnExpress |title=Tàu điện Bến Thành - Suối Tiên dừng chạy do mưa lớn |url=https://vnexpress.net/tau-dien-ben-thanh-suoi-tien-dung-chay-do-mua-lon-4832884.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241228154247/https://vnexpress.net/tau-dien-ben-thanh-suoi-tien-dung-chay-do-mua-lon-4832884.html |archive-date=2024-12-28 |access-date=2024-12-31 |work=vnexpress.net |language=vi}}</ref>
It had also pledged to help obtain official development assistance funds from the Chinese government.


Also, the debate over whether “for” or “to” should be used on metro signs to indicate direction to Bến Thành highlights another challenge the metro faces after its official launch. <ref>{{Cite web |last=thanhnien.vn |date=2024-12-29 |title=Tranh luận 'for' hay 'to' Bến Thành, giới từ nào đúng trong biển chỉ dẫn metro? |url=https://thanhnien.vn/tranh-luan-for-hay-to-ben-thanh-gioi-tu-nao-dung-trong-bien-chi-dan-metro-185241229060741836.htm |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=thanhnien.vn |language=vi}}</ref>
The city’s transport development master plan to 2020 envisages developing three monorail lines with a total length of 37 km and six subway routes with a total length of 107 km.


==References== == See also ==
{{Portal|Trains|Vietnam|Transport}}
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* ]


== References ==
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{{reflist|30em}}
*
{{reflist|group="nb"}}


==External links==
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] {{commonscat|Ho Chi Minh City Metro}}
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{{Vietnam rapid transit}}
]
{{Transport in Vietnam}}
]
{{Urban Rail Transit in ASEAN}}
]
{{Rapid transit in Asia}}

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Latest revision as of 17:00, 31 December 2024

Rapid transit network in Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh City Metro
A picture of Tân Cảng station from afar.A picture of Tân Cảng station from afar.
Overview
Native nameĐường sắt đô thị Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
OwnerManagement Authority for Urban Railways (MAUR)
LocaleHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines1 (operational)
1 (under construction)
6 (planned)
Number of stations14 (operational)
Websitemaur.hochiminhcity.gov.vn
Operation
Began operation22 December 2024
CharacterElevated and underground
Number of vehiclesLine 1: 17 three-car Hitachi trains
Technical
System length19.7 km (12.2 mi) (Line 1)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
ElectrificationOverhead catenary
Top speed110 km/h (68 mph)
System map
HCMC Metro map

The Ho Chi Minh City Metro (HCMC Metro, Vietnamese: Đường sắt đô thị Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) is a rapid transit system in Ho Chi Minh City, the most populous city in Vietnam.

The system currently consists of one operational line, Line 1 which opened on 22 December 2024 from Ben Thanh Market to Suoi Tien. Additional lines are currently under construction or being planned. Line 1 is 19.7 km (12.2 mi) long with three underground stations (Bến Thành, Ho Chi Minh City Opera House, and Ba Son) and eleven elevated stations. The underground stations are Vietnam's first underground metro stations. Trains are designed to travel at up to 110 km/h (68 mph) on the elevated sections and up to 80 km/h (50 mph) underground.

As part of its inauguration, nine trains will initially run from 5am to 10pm, with peak hour and off-peak frequencies of eight and twelve minutes, respectively. The metro will remain free for the first 30 days of operation. Feeder bus lines connecting to Metro Line 1 will also be free from 1 January 2025 until fare collection begins on the metro.

History

Main article: History of the Ho Chi Minh City Metro

Earlier proposals (2001–2012)

The network was first proposed in 2001 as part of a comprehensive public transport network plan including Ho Chi Minh City and neighbouring provinces, with the aim of avoiding the severe traffic congestion problems that have affected other Asian cities (such as Hanoi).

According to the original master plan submitted in February 2001, the metro system would comprise six lines. The plan was originally expected to cost US$1.5 billion over 10 years, as part of a US$3.35 billion program to build a rail network serving Ho Chi Minh City and surrounding provinces.

The plan was revised in 2007 and proposed no less than six urban rail lines. The city’s transport development master plan to 2020 envisages developing three monorail or light rail lines with a total length of 37 kilometres (23 mi) and six underground metro routes with a total length of 107 kilometres (66 mi). Bến Thành Market in District 1, already a major hub for bus traffic, will become a major hub connecting several lines.

Revised plan and construction (2013–present)

Construction of Bến Thành station (August 2017)

The latest plans for Ho Chi Minh City Metro, a revised version of the earlier proposal in 2007, was approved on 8 April 2013. The network's first line, connecting Bến Thành Market and Suối Tiên Park in Thu Duc City, was originally scheduled for completion in 2014. A groundbreaking ceremony for Line 1 was held on 21 February 2008. However, due to funding issues, construction only began in 2012, pushing the project completion date to 2018. Line 1 is mainly funded through official development assistance provided by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), with the remainder being financed by the city's government budget. Nippon Koei (now ID&E Holdings) was the main designer and consultant for the line. The elevated sections were built by a joint venture between Japanese conglomerate Sumitomo and Vietnamese state-owned contractor Cienco 6. The underground section is being built by a joint venture between two other Japanese companies, Shimizu and Maeda.

In September 2013, an agreement was reached with the Asian Development Bank, the European Investment Bank, and the Spanish Government to provide €850 million to finance the construction of Line 5, with any additional cost funded by the Vietnamese Government. A revised construction start of 2015 was provided.

On 13 September 2017, the authorities announced that Line 1 will be delayed for two years. Cost overrun, audits, and delayed payments to contractors contributed to the delay. The targeted completion date was set at 2020. Planners expect the route to serve more than 160,000 passengers daily upon launch, increasing to 635,000 by 2030 and 800,000 by 2040. All stations along the route are expected to accommodate the disabled, with automatic ticket vending machines, telephone booths, restrooms, subway doors and information bulletins accessible to the handicapped and visually impaired.

Construction of Line 2 was initially scheduled to begin in 2013, with operations beginning in 2018. However, on 13 September 2017, the local authorities have requested to the Prime Minister to push back the construction of the second line to 2020 with completion in 2024.

On 28 January 2019, the Director of Project Management Unit at MAUR, stated that as of December 2018, construction progress of Line 1 has reached 62%, below the target of 65%. The project has been criticised by the local press for its repeated delays.

In February 2020, the expected opening date for the first line was scheduled for the end of 2021. No reason was given for the delay. The estimated cost of the line has also ballooned from $1.3 billion to more than $2.1 billion. In December 2020, it was reported that one of the Elastomeric Laminated Bearing pads, which hold up the concrete beams of the viaducts for Line 1, had fallen off, causing one of the beams to be displaced and crack. Research on the incident is still being done by the contractor.

In February 2021, first metro line completion line was pushed back to 2022. On 8 September 2021, the Management Authority for Urban Railways (MAUR) announced that Line 1 will be further delayed. Construction was expected to be completed in late 2023, with commercial operations beginning in 2024.

In November 2023, Indian investors plan to develop nine metro lines, which would cost a total of VND437 trillion ($19 billion), according to the India Business Forum.

In February 2024, construction for Line 2 broke ground, with tunnels and stations to begin construction in 2025. On 14 March 2024, MAUR announced that Line 1 would not be operational until the fourth quarter of 2024. During that same year, PowerChina, the Chinese giant, was in discussions with the government to develop railways, which included metro lines in HCMC.

On 21 November 2024, MAUR announced that Line 1 was "expected to enter operation" on 22 December 2024.

On 22 December 2024, Line 1 services commenced at 10AM connecting Bến Thành and Suối Tiên.

Lines

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Planned network of the Ho Chi Minh City Metro
Line Line name Length Stations Terminus Note
 1  S: Sài Gòn line 19.7 km 14 Bến Thành ↔ Suối Tiên Terminal Operational, with an option to extend to Biên Hoà or Bình Dương
 2  B: Bà Quẹo line 48 km 42 Củ Chi ↔ Thủ Thiêm Station Under construction
Phase 1: Bến Thành – Tham Lương with 11 stations.
 3A  K: Tân Kiên line 19.8 km 17 Bến Thành ↔ Tân Kiên planned
Option to extend to Tân An
 3B  N: Thị Nghè line 12.2 km 10 Cộng Hoà Junction ↔ Hiệp Bình Phước (Thủ Đức City) planned
Option to extend to Thủ Dầu Một and connect with Bình Dương Metro
 4  G: Gò Vấp line 35.75 km 32 Thạnh Xuân ↔ Hiệp Phước planned
 4B  T: Tân Sơn Nhất line 03.2 km 03 Gia Định Park (Line 4) ↔ Lăng Cha Cả Junction (Line 5) planned
Phase 1: Tân Sơn Nhất Airport – Lăng Cha Cả
 5  C: Cần Giuộc line 23.39 km 22 New Cần Giuộc Bus Station ↔ Saigon Bridge planned
Phase 1: Bảy Hiền – Saigon Bridge
 6  Đ: Đầm Sen line 06.8 km 07 Bà Quẹo Junction ↔ Phú Lâm Junction planned

The plan also includes 3 lines of tramway and monorail:

Line Line description Length Stations Route Note
 T  Tramway 1 12.8 km 6 Ba Son (Line 1) – Võ Văn Kiệt – Lý Chiêu Hoàng – Current Western Bus Station (Bến xe Miền Tây) planned
Option to extend to Bình Quới
 M2  Monorail 2 27.2 km ? National Highway 50 – Xuân Thuỷ (District 2) – Bình Quới planned
 M3  Monorail 3 16.5 km ? Junction Nguyễn Oanh and Phan Văn Trị – Quang Trung Software City – Tân Chánh Hiệp Railway Station planned

Rolling stock

Line 1 uses 17 trains supplied by Hitachi. Each train consists of 3 cars, holding up to 930 people in total (147 seated and 789 standing passengers). Each trainset is 61.3 m (201 ft) long, operates at 110 km/h (68 mph) on standard-gauge elevated rail track and 80 km/h (50 mph) on underground rail track. They are powered by a 1.5kV DC overhead line.

Fares and ticketing

The Ho Chi Minh City Management Authority for Urban Railways (MAUR) have introduced a smart card for use on the Ho Chi Minh City Metro. The smart card will use Sony's FeliCa contactless IC chip, equipping it with NFC technology. Two types of smart cards are available at launch including a top-up card, which has a red design and a single-journey card, which has a blue design.

Fares on the Ho Chi Minh City Metro are based on travel distance. For distances between 0 to 5 kilometers, the fare will be set at VND12,000, while distances exceeding 15 kilometers will have a fare of VND18,000. These fare rates will be applicable when Line 1 becomes operational, and will remain applicable for a minimum of three years and a maximum of five years.

The metro will remain free during the first 30 days of service. After which single fares will cost between VND7,000 (US$0.27) and VND20,000 (US$0.8). Contactless payments will be slightly discounted. Unlimited daily tickets cost VND40,000 (US$1.6), three-day tickets cost VND90,000 (US$3.5), and monthly tickets are priced at VND300,000 (US$11.8) or VND150,000 (US$5.9) for students.

Issues

On December 26, a train had also stopped at Ba Son Station due to a signal error.

On December 27, heavy rain and lightning caused the protective electrical system of the Bến Thành - Suối Tiên metro line to activate, halting several trains for over 30 minutes to ensure safety.

Also, the debate over whether “for” or “to” should be used on metro signs to indicate direction to Bến Thành highlights another challenge the metro faces after its official launch.

See also

References

  1. ^ Robert Schwandl (2007). "Ho Chi Minh City Metro". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
  2. "Ho Chi Minh City plans to build a metro network". International Railway Journal. 1 May 2002. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  3. "Ho Chi Minh City Metro Plan". International Railway Journal. January 2001. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
  4. M.Vong (10 April 2007). "Vietnam to build first subway with Japanese aid". Thanh Nien. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
  5. "Decision 568/QĐ-TTg". Thu Vien Phap Luat. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  6. "Master plan of urban railways system". MAUR. Archived from the original on 25 April 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  7. "Ho Chi Minh City Metro, Vietnam – Railway Technology".
  8. "The work begins: HCM City to have first subway in 2014". VietnamNet Bridge. 30 April 2010.
  9. "Work starts on Ho Chi Minh City metro line". International Railway Journal. 24 August 2010. Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  10. Minh, Gia (7 August 2021). "Disburse $82 mln more in ODA funds for first metro: HCMC". VnExpress International. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  11. "Metro Line No1 in HCM City likely to be completed after 2021". VietnamPlus. 18 March 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  12. "After a decade of work, Ho Chi Minh metro to be completed this year". 8 June 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  13. "City Metro Project receives Euro850 million funding". SGGP. 12 September 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  14. "Ho Chi Minh City selects underground contractors". Railway Gazette International. 26 July 2014. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  15. "Nguy cơ tạm dừng dự án Metro số 1 TP.HCM: Hậu quả khôn lường!". 14 October 2017.
  16. Vietnam Insider, "First Metro Line in Ho Chi Minh to Launch Next Year", 19 February 2020.
  17. "HCM City calls for additional US$17.8 billion in eight urban railway routes". The Leader. 18 January 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  18. "Unexplained HCMC metro line cracks raise serious concerns". VnExpress. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  19. "Saigon 1st metro line completion pushed back to 2022 – VnExpress International".
  20. "Completion of first HCMC metro line delayed again".
  21. "HCMC wants Indian investment in billion-dollar metro lines". VnExpress International. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  22. ^ "Vietnam business hub breaks ground on Metro Line 2". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  23. "HCMC's first metro line delayed again".
  24. "Chinese giants keen on Vietnam metro railway projects". theinvestor.vn. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  25. "HCM City's first metro line set to commence operations next month". Vietnam Economic News. 27 November 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  26. Minh, Gia; Tùng, Thanh. "Metro Bến Thành – Suối Tiên vận hành". vnexpress.net. Archived from the original on 22 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  27. ^ VnExpress. "Mạng lưới metro TP HCM trong tương lai". vnexpress.net. Archived from the original on 25 December 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  28. "TPHCM khởi công tuyến tàu điện ngầm số 2". Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  29. "5 tuyến metro của TP HCM đang triển khai đến đâu?". Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  30. "TPHCM: Tuyến metro số 2 và 5 đủ vốn vẫn chưa thể khởi công". Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  31. "Thêm hai đoàn tàu Metro Số 1 về TP HCM". VNExpress. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  32. "Thi công lắp đặt hệ thống điện tiếp điện trên cao – Gói thầu số 3: "mua sắm thiết bị cơ điện, đầu máy toa xe, đường ray và bảo dưỡng " thuộc tuyến metro số 1 (Bến Thành – Suối Tiên)". MAUR. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  33. "Ho Chi Minh City introduces integrated circuit card for first metro line use". Tuoi Tre News. 25 June 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  34. "Ticket prices proposed for HCMC's first metro line". The Saigon Times. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  35. VnExpress. "Giá vé Metro Bến Thành - Suối Tiên thấp nhất 6.000 đồng mỗi lượt". vnexpress.net (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 27 November 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  36. "Sự cố tín hiệu khiến một chuyến tàu metro phải dừng tại ga Ba Son 10 phút". vovgiaothong.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  37. VnExpress. "Tàu điện Bến Thành - Suối Tiên dừng chạy do mưa lớn". vnexpress.net (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 28 December 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  38. thanhnien.vn (29 December 2024). "Tranh luận 'for' hay 'to' Bến Thành, giới từ nào đúng trong biển chỉ dẫn metro?". thanhnien.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 31 December 2024.

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