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{{short description|Smartphone software platform}} {{short description|Smartphone software platform}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{redirect|Series 60}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox OS {{Infobox OS
| name = S60 | name = S60
| logo = S60 logo.png
| developer = ] | developer = ]
| working state = Discontinued
| latest release version =
| marketing target = Smartphones | marketing target = Smartphones
| influenced by = Pearl
| succeeded by = Symbian^3 (in name)
| support status = Unsupported | support status = Unsupported
}}The '''S60 Platform''', originally named '''Series 60 User Interface''', is a discontinued ] and ] for ] that runs on top of the ] operating system. It was created by ] based on the 'Pearl' interface from ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Babin|first=Steve|title=Developing Software for Symbian OS: An Introduction to Creating Smartphone Applications in C++|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_hkEUsEkn9MC&pg=PA12|year=2005|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-02833-9|page=12}}</ref> S60 was introduced at ] in November 2001 and first shipped with the ] smartphone; the original version was followed by three other major releases.
}}
].]]


In 2008 after Nokia bought out Symbian Ltd., the ] was formed to consolidate all the assets of different Symbian platforms (S60, ], ]), making it ]. In 2009, based on the code base of S60, the first iteration of the platform since the creation of Symbian Foundation was launched as S60 5th Edition, or Symbian^1, on top of ] as its base. Subsequent iterations dropped the S60 brand and were named solely under the Symbian name.
The '''S60''' Platform (formerly '''Series 60 User Interface''') was a ] for ] that runs on top of the ] operating system. It was created by ] based on the 'Pearl' ] from ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Babin|first=Steve|title=Developing Software for Symbian OS: An Introduction to Creating Smartphone Applications in C++|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_hkEUsEkn9MC&pg=PA12|year=2005|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-02833-9|page=12}}</ref> It was introduced at ] in November 2001 and first shipped with the ] smartphone. The platform has since seen 5 updated editions. Series 60 was renamed to ''S60'' in November 2005.


== Overview ==
In 2008, the ] was formed to consolidate all the assets of different Symbian platforms (S60, ], ]), making it ]. In 2009, based on the code base of S60, the first iteration of the platform since the creation of Symbian Foundation was launched as S60 5th Edition, or Symbian^1, on top of ] as its base. Subsequent iterations were named Symbian^2 (Japanese market only) and ].
]


The S60 software was a multivendor standard for smartphones that supports application development in ] ], ], ]<ref name="Pyþon">{{citation | url = http://www.forum.nokia.com/Resources_and_Information/Tools/Runtimes/Python_for_S60/ | publisher = Nokia | title = Python for S60 | access-date = 31 December 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180059/http://www.forum.nokia.com/Resources_and_Information/Tools/Runtimes/Python_for_S60/ | archive-date = 17 December 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and ]. Its ] was called Avkon UI.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phonesreview.co.uk/2009/08/05/s60-avkon-api-to-be-replaced-by-ui-toolkit-qt/|title=S60 Avkon API to be replaced by UI Toolkit Qt – PhonesReviews UK- Mobiles, Apps, Networks, Software, Tablet etc|date=5 August 2009|website=phonesreview.co.uk}}</ref> S60 consists of a suite of libraries and standard applications, such as telephony, ] (PIM) tools, and ]-based ] players. It was intended to power fully featured modern phones with large colour screens, which are commonly known as ]s. The S60 ] was a multivendor standard for smartphones that supports application development in ] ], ], ]<ref name="Pyþon">{{citation | url = http://www.forum.nokia.com/Resources_and_Information/Tools/Runtimes/Python_for_S60/ | publisher = Nokia | title = Python for S60 | access-date = 31 December 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180059/http://www.forum.nokia.com/Resources_and_Information/Tools/Runtimes/Python_for_S60/ | archive-date = 17 December 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and ]. Its ] was called Avkon UI.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phonesreview.co.uk/2009/08/05/s60-avkon-api-to-be-replaced-by-ui-toolkit-qt/|title=S60 Avkon API to be replaced by UI Toolkit Qt – PhonesReviews UK- Mobiles, Apps, Networks, Software, Tablet etc|date=5 August 2009|website=phonesreview.co.uk}}</ref> S60 consists of a suite of libraries and standard applications, such as telephony, ] (PIM) tools, and ]-based ] players. It was intended to power fully featured modern phones with large colour screens, which are commonly known as ]s.


Originally, the most distinguishing feature of S60 phones was that they allowed users to install new applications after purchase. Unlike a standard desktop platform, however, the built-in apps are rarely upgraded by the vendor beyond bug fixes. New features are only added to phones while they are being developed rather than after public release. Certain buttons are standardized, such as a menu key, a four way joystick or d-pad, left and right soft keys and a clear key. Originally, the most distinguishing feature of S60 phones was that they allowed users to install new applications after purchase. Unlike a standard desktop platform, however, the built-in apps are rarely upgraded by the vendor beyond bug fixes. New features are only added to phones while they are being developed rather than after public release. Certain buttons are standardized, such as a menu key, a four way joystick or d-pad, left and right soft keys and a clear key.


S60 was mainly used by Nokia but they also licensed it to a few other manufacturers, including ], ], ], ],<ref name="S60">{{citation | url = http://www.s60.com/life/thisiss60/S60forbusiness/licensees | title = Licensees | publisher = S60 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090218153813/http://www.s60.com/life/thisiss60/S60forbusiness/licensees | archive-date = 18 February 2009 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.golem.de/0310/28067.html|language=de|publisher=Golem.de|title=Symbian-Smartphone von Sendo mit Digitalkamera samt Blitz|access-date=15 January 2011|date=21 October 2003|first=Ingo|last=Pakalski}}</ref> ], ], ] and ]. Sony Ericsson notably was the main vendor using the competing ] Symbian interface. S60 was mainly used by Nokia but they also licensed it to a few other manufacturers, including ], ], ], ],<ref name="S60">{{citation | url = http://www.s60.com/life/thisiss60/S60forbusiness/licensees | title = Licensees | publisher = S60 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090218153813/http://www.s60.com/life/thisiss60/S60forbusiness/licensees | archive-date = 18 February 2009 }}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.golem.de/0310/28067.html|language=de|publisher=Golem.de|title=Symbian-Smartphone von Sendo mit Digitalkamera samt Blitz|access-date=15 January 2011|date=21 October 2003|first=Ingo|last=Pakalski}}</ref> ], ], ] and ]. Sony Ericsson notably was the main vendor using the competing ] Symbian interface.


In addition to the manufacturers the community includes: In addition to the manufacturers the community includes:
* Software integration companies such as ], ], ], Digia, ], ] * Software integration companies such as ], ], ], Digia, Mobica, Atelier.tm
* Semiconductor companies ], ], ], ], ], ] * Semiconductor companies ], ], ], ], ], ]
* Operators such as ] and ] who develop and provide S60-based mobile applications and services * Operators such as ] and ] who develop and provide S60-based mobile applications and services
* Software developers and independent software vendors (ISVs). * Software developers and independent software vendors (ISVs).


== Editions == == S60 editions ==
]]]
]


There have been four major releases of S60: "Series 60" (2001), "Series 60 Second Edition" (2002), "S60 3rd Edition" (2005) and "S60 5th Edition" (2008). Each release had an updated version called ''Feature Pack'', sometimes known as ''relay''. Each runs on a different Symbian version. There have been four major releases of S60: Series 60 (2001), Series 60 Second Edition (2002), S60 3rd Edition (2005) and S60 5th Edition (2008). Each release had an updated version called ''Feature Pack'', sometimes known as ''relay''. Each runs on top of a different Symbian OS version.


<div id="S60 1st Edition"> <div id="S60 1st Edition">
Line 44: Line 48:


<div id="S60 3rd Edition"> <div id="S60 3rd Edition">
;S60 3rd Edition: S60v3 uses a hardened version of ] (]), which has ]. In S60v3, a user may install only programs that have a certificate from a registered developer, unless the user disables that feature or modify the phone's firmware through third-party hacks that circumvent the mandatory signing restrictions. This makes software written for S60 1st Edition or 2nd Edition not binary-compatible with S60v3. ;S60 3rd Edition: S60v3 uses a hardened version of Symbian OS (v9.1), which has ]. In S60v3, a user may install only programs that have a certificate from a registered developer, unless the user disables that feature or modify the phone's firmware through third-party hacks that circumvent the mandatory signing restrictions. This makes software written for S60 1st Edition or 2nd Edition not binary-compatible with S60v3.
*Version 3 was first introduced with ] in 2006. *Version 3 was first introduced with ] in 2006.
*Version 3.1 (Feature Pack 1) first shipped with ]. *Version 3.1 (Feature Pack 1) first shipped with ].
Line 52: Line 56:


<div id="Symbian^1 (S60 5th Edition)"> <div id="Symbian^1 (S60 5th Edition)">
;S60 5th Edition: In October 2008 Symbian^1, also known as S60v5, was launched as the first OS under the Symbian Foundation, based on the S60 code so therefore also called S60 5th Edition. Nokia skipped the number 4 as they traditionally always do (due to ] ]).<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227055230/http://blogs.nokia.com/s60blogs/index.php/2008/10/02/s60-5th-edition-and-the-nokia-5800-xpressmusic-are-here/#comment-2107 |date=27 February 2012 }}, 3rd comment</ref> S60 5th Edition runs on ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.s60.com/pdfs/getPdf.do?handle=dfb1ff95-77de-4f3b-98a4-4407c519828c-1790878959 |title=is now closed |publisher=S60.com |access-date=13 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618171531/http://www.s60.com/pdfs/getPdf.do?handle=dfb1ff95-77de-4f3b-98a4-4407c519828c-1790878959 |archive-date=18 June 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The major feature of 5th Edition is support for high-resolution 640×360 touchscreens; before 5th Edition, all S60 devices had a button-based user interface. S60 5th Edition also integrates standard C/C++ APIs and includes Adobe Flash Lite 3.0 with S60-specific ActionScript extensions that give Flash Lite developers access to phone features like contacts, text messaging, sensors and device location information (GPS). Despite the introduction of S60 5th Edition, the 3rd Edition continued to be marketed new as well, as 5th Edition is specially designed for, and exclusively available on touchscreens. ;S60 5th Edition / Symbian^1: In October 2008 Symbian^1, also known as S60v5, was launched as the first OS under the Symbian Foundation, based on the S60 code so therefore also called S60 5th Edition. Nokia skipped the number 4 as they traditionally always do (due to ] ]).<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227055230/http://blogs.nokia.com/s60blogs/index.php/2008/10/02/s60-5th-edition-and-the-nokia-5800-xpressmusic-are-here/#comment-2107 |date=27 February 2012 }}, 3rd comment</ref> S60 5th Edition runs on Symbian OS version 9.4.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.s60.com/pdfs/getPdf.do?handle=dfb1ff95-77de-4f3b-98a4-4407c519828c-1790878959 |title=is now closed |publisher=S60.com |access-date=13 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618171531/http://www.s60.com/pdfs/getPdf.do?handle=dfb1ff95-77de-4f3b-98a4-4407c519828c-1790878959 |archive-date=18 June 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The major feature of 5th Edition is support for high-resolution 640×360 touchscreens; before 5th Edition, all S60 devices had a button-based user interface. S60 5th Edition also integrates standard ]/] ]s and includes Adobe Flash Lite 3.0 with S60-specific ActionScript extensions that give Flash Lite developers access to phone features like contacts, text messaging, sensors and device location information (]). : Despite the introduction of S60 5th Edition, the 3rd Edition continued to be marketed new as well, as 5th Edition is specially designed for, and exclusively available on touchscreens (e.g. ], ]).


*Version 5 was first introduced with ] in 2008. *Version 5 was first introduced with ] in 2008.
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:S60 5th Edition was the last edition of S60. It was succeeded by Symbian^2 (based on ]) and Symbian^3 in 2010.</div> :S60 5th Edition was the last edition of S60. It was succeeded by Symbian^2 (based on ]) and Symbian^3 in 2010.</div>


== Versions and supported devices == == Unification of Symbian interfaces ==
{{Main|Symbian}}
{{See also|Symbian Foundation}}
As an OS, Symbian OS originally provided no ] (UI), the visual layer that runs atop an operating system: this was implemented separately. Other than S60, other examples of Symbian UIs were ]; ]; ] and ]. This separation of UI from underlying OS created both flexibility and some confusion in the market place. The Nokia outright purchase of Symbian in June 2008 was brokered with the involvement of the other UI developers and all major user interface layers had been (or pledged to) donating to the ] foundation, ], who would independently own the Symbian operating system. It announced its intent to unify different Symbian UIs into a single UI based on the S60 platform.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hickey |first=Andrew R. |title=Take That, Google Android: Nokia Creates The Symbian Foundation {{!}} CRN |url=https://www.crn.com/news/applications-os/208800481/take-that-google-android-nokia-creates-the-symbian-foundation |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=crn.com}}</ref>

S60 5th Edition was the first version under the unified Symbian interface, and it was therefore also named Symbian^1. After this, the S60 name was dropped entirely with the release of Symbian^3 in 2010. In November 2010, Nokia abruptly announced that the Symbian Foundation will close down, leaving further Symbian development in question. The company had previously stated that ] would become its smartphone future.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Arthur |first=Charles |date=2010-11-29 |title=Nokia closes Symbian to the world: can MeeGo make up the gap? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/nov/29/nokia-symbian-closes-meego-awaits |access-date=2024-09-20 |work=The Guardian|location=London|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>https://www.theregister.com/2010/10/22/symbian_wound_down/</ref> In February 2011, Nokia instead announced a partnership with Microsoft to adopt ] as Nokia's primary operating system, while promising continued support for Symbian and its newer devices until at least 2016. On 29 April 2011, Nokia announced that it would transfer Symbian activities to ] along with 3,000 employees.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-04-27 |title=Nokia to shed 7,000 staff as part of reorganisation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13207148 |access-date=2024-09-19 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

=== Symbian^3 ===
Symbian^3 was announced together with ] on 27 April 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nokia N8 unveiled with Symbian 3 |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/nokia-n8-unveiled-with-symbian-3/ |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=CNET}}</ref> The software is faster than the previous S60 5th Edition and takes better advantage of hardware capabilities to create a snappier performance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Slavov |first=Rad |date=2010-05-24 |title=Nokia N8 to be 180% faster than the N97 |url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Nokia-N8-to-be-180-faster-than-the-N97_id11468 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=PhoneArena}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2011-01-12 |title=Living with Symbian^3, Part Two |url=http://www.allaboutsymbian.com/reviews/item/12451_Living_with_Symbian3_Part_Two.php |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=All About Symbian}}</ref> Interface wise it is not drastically different although it does have multiple home screens. The task switcher has been revamped and now show thumbnails of each open app.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-01-07 |title=Living with Symbian^3, Part One |url=http://www.allaboutsymbian.com/reviews/item/12450_Living_with_Symbian3_Part_One.php |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=All About Symbian}}</ref> Web browsing experience is also improved with the addition of pinch-to-zoom. The native text messaging app now features a "conversation" interface. While the virtual keyboard is still T9, a QWERTY is offered in landscape view.<ref name=":0" />

=== Symbian Anna ===
On 12 April 2011, Nokia announced Symbian Anna as a software update to the Symbian^3 release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nokia Symbian Anna update proves Symbian isn't Finnished |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/nokia-symbian-anna-update-proves-symbian-isnt-finnished/ |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=CNET}}</ref> Three new devices (500, X7 and E6) were announced which will have Symbian Anna pre-installed. The most significant changes were:
* Portrait QWERTY with split-view data entry
* New Icon Set
* New web browser with an improved user interface, search-integrated address field, faster navigation and page loading.
* Updated Ovi Maps (search public transport, download full country maps via WLAN or Nokia Ovi Suite, check-in to Facebook, Twitter and Foursquare).
* Java Runtime 2.2, Qt Mobility 1.1 and Qt4.7.

=== Symbian Belle ===
On 24 August 2011, Nokia announced Symbian Belle (later renamed Nokia Belle)<ref>{{cite web |title=Nokia Belle coming soon – Nokia Conversations : the official Nokia blog |url=http://conversations.nokia.com/2011/12/21/nokia-belle-coming-soon/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222162636/http://conversations.nokia.com/2011/12/21/nokia-belle-coming-soon/ |archive-date=22 December 2011 |access-date=9 April 2015 |website=nokia.com}}</ref> as a software update to the Symbian Anna release. Three new devices (603, 700 and 701) were announced with Belle pre-installed. The most significant changes were:
* Free-form, differently-sized, live widgets
* More homescreens
* Improved status bar
* Dropdown menu
* Modernised navigation
* New apps
* Informative lock screen
* NFC devices
* Visual multitasking

=== Symbian Carla and Donna ===
In November 2011, Nokia announced the Carla and Donna updates. Carla was expected to be released in late 2012 or early 2013 and feature a new web browser, new widgets, new NFC capabilities and Dolby Surround audio enhancement. Donna was going to be a dual-core processor exclusive, and was planned to be released late 2013 or early 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Symbian Carla and Donna to come next, but not for everyone |url=http://www.gsmarena.com/symbian_carla_and_donna_to_come_next_but_not_for_everyone-news-3394.php |website=gsmarena.com}}</ref> However, in May 2012 a Nokia executive claimed that Carla and Donna were cancelled, and that Nokia would instead only release Belle Feature Pack 2 later in 2012, lacking many of the new features that were planned for Carla and Donna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hristov |first=Victor |date=2012-05-23 |title=Nokia cancels Symbian Carla, Belle FP2 to be the last Symbian? |url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Nokia-cancels-Symbian-Carla-Belle-FP2-to-be-the-last-Symbian_id30478 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=PhoneArena}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 May 2012 |title=Symbian Carla Cancelled, Beginning of the End For Symbian? |url=http://www.itproportal.com/2012/05/25/symbian-carla-cancelled-beginning-of-the-end-for-symbian/ |website=itproportal.com}}</ref>

== Version history and supported devices ==
{{See also|Symbian}}
Many devices are capable of running the S60 software platform with the ]. Devices ranging from the early ] running S60 v0.9 on Symbian OS v6.1,<ref name="Nokia_Spec"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803154507/http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_1.html |date=3 August 2009 }}(operating system information)</ref><ref name="SonyEricsson"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126071018/http://www.sonyericsson.com/cws/corporate/press/pressreleases/pressreleasedetails/satiopressreleasefinal-20090528 |date=26 January 2012 }} (information about S60 version)</ref> to the latest ] Omnia HD running S60 v5.0 on Symbian OS v9.4.<ref name="omniaHD">{{Cite web|url=http://www.samsung.com/uk/news/newsPreviewRead.do?news_seq=12421|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410034648/http://www.samsung.com/uk/news/newsPreviewRead.do?news_seq=12421|url-status=dead|title=Samsung OMNIAHD Dazzles at Mobile World Congress with Its HD Brilliance|archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref> In Symbian^3 the version of the revised platform is v5.2. Many devices are capable of running the S60 software platform with the ]. Devices ranging from the early ] running S60 v0.9 on Symbian OS v6.1,<ref name="Nokia_Spec"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803154507/http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_1.html |date=3 August 2009 }}(operating system information)</ref><ref name="SonyEricsson"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126071018/http://www.sonyericsson.com/cws/corporate/press/pressreleases/pressreleasedetails/satiopressreleasefinal-20090528 |date=26 January 2012 }} (information about S60 version)</ref> to the latest ] Omnia HD running S60 v5.0 on Symbian OS v9.4.<ref name="omniaHD">{{Cite web|url=http://www.samsung.com/uk/news/newsPreviewRead.do?news_seq=12421|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410034648/http://www.samsung.com/uk/news/newsPreviewRead.do?news_seq=12421|url-status=dead|title=Samsung OMNIAHD Dazzles at Mobile World Congress with Its HD Brilliance|archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref> In Symbian^3 the version of the revised platform is v5.2.


The table lists devices carrying each version of S60 as well as the ] version on what it is based. Note that new devices since Symbian^3 May be capable of upgrading to later systems, such as Symbian Anna and Symbian Belle. Therefore, you may see a device being listed more than once. The table lists devices carrying each version of S60 as well as the Symbian OS version on what it is based. Devices since Symbian^3 may be capable of upgrading to newer versions.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" {| class="wikitable sortable" style="min-width: 75%; font-size: 90%;"
|- |-
! Product Name ! Product Name
Line 69: Line 107:
! Devices<ref name="Nokia_Spec" /><ref name="SonyEricsson" /><ref name="omniaHD" /> ! Devices<ref name="Nokia_Spec" /><ref name="SonyEricsson" /><ref name="omniaHD" />
|- |-
| '''S60 1st Edition''' | '''Series 60 1st Edition'''
| 0.9 | 0.9
| 6.1 | 6.1
Line 75: Line 113:
* ] * ]
|- |-
| '''S60 1st Edition,<br />Feature Pack 1''' | '''Series 60 1st Edition,<br />Feature Pack 1'''
| 1.2 | 1.2
| 6.1 | 6.1
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* ] * Nokia: ], ], ], ], ], ]
* Sendo: ], ] (''canceled'')
* ]
* ] * Siemens: ]
* Samsung: ]<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4134389.stm|publisher=BBC|access-date=16 January 2011|title=Fast moving phone viruses appear|date=30 December 2004}}</ref> (''canceled''), ]<ref name="BBC" /> (''canceled'')
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] (''canceled'')
* ]
* ]<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4134389.stm|publisher=BBC|access-date=16 January 2011|title=Fast moving phone viruses appear|date=30 December 2004}}</ref> (''canceled'')
* ]<ref name="BBC" /> (''canceled'')
|- |-
| '''S60 2nd Edition''' | '''Series 60 2nd Edition'''
| 2.0 | 2.0
| 7.0s | 7.0s
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* ] * Nokia: ]
* ] * Panasonic: ], ]
* Samsung: ], ], ], ] (''canceled'')
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] (''canceled'')
|- |-
| '''S60 2nd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 1''' | '''Series 60 2nd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 1'''
| 2.1 | 2.1
| 7.0s | 7.0s
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* Nokia: ], ], ], ], ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
|- |-
| '''S60 2nd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 2''' | '''Series 60 2nd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 2'''
| 2.6 | 2.6
| 8.0a | 8.0a
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* ] * Lenovo: ]
* ] * Nokia: ], ], ], ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
|- |-
| '''S60 2nd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 3''' | '''Series 60 2nd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 3'''
| 2.8 | 2.8
| 8.1a | 8.1a
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* ] * Nokia: ], ], ]
* ]
* ]
|- |-
| '''S60 3rd Edition''' | '''S60 3rd Edition'''
Line 135: Line 153:
| 9.1 | 9.1
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* Nokia: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
* ]
* ] * Samsung: ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
|- |-
| '''S60 3rd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 1''' | '''S60 3rd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 1'''
Line 160: Line 160:
| 9.2 | 9.2
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* ] * LG: ], ], ]
* Nokia: ] XpressMusic, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
* ]
* Samsung: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
* ]
* ] XpressMusic
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
|- |-
| '''S60 3rd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 2''' | '''S60 3rd Edition,<br />Feature Pack 2'''
Line 195: Line 168:
| 9.3 | 9.3
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* Nokia: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
* ]
* Samsung: ] (INNOV8), ], ]
* ]
* Vertu: ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] classic
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] (INNOV8)
* ]
* ]
* ]
|- |-
| '''S60 5th Edition'''<br />''(Corresponds to ])'' | '''S60 5th Edition'''<br />''(Corresponds to Symbian^1)''
| 5.0 | 5.0
| 9.4 | 9.4
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* Nokia: ], ], ], ] Ovi Music Unlimited, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
* ]
* Samsung: ] Omnia HD<ref name="omniaHD" />
* ]
* Sony Ericsson: ], ], ]
* ]
* ]
* ] Ovi Music Unlimited
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] mini
* ]
* ] Omnia HD<ref name="omniaHD" />
* ]
* ]
* ]
|- |-
| ''']''' | '''Symbian^2'''
| {{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} | {{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
| {{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} | {{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
*DoCoMo F-07B (Fujitsu) *Fujitsu: DoCoMo F-07B, DoCoMo F-08B, DoCoMo F-06B
*DoCoMo F-08B (Fujitsu) *Sharp: DoCoMo SH-07B
*DoCoMo F-06B (Fujitsu)
*DoCoMo SH-07B (Sharp)
|- |-
| ''']''' | '''Symbian^3'''
| 5.2 | 5.2
| 9.5 | 9.5
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|'''Original firmware'''
* Nokia: ]-00, ]-00, ]-00, ], ]
* ]-00 (''original firmware'')
* ]-00 (''original firmware'')
* ]-00 (''original firmware'')
* ] (''original firmware'')
* ] (''original firmware'')
|- |-
| '''Symbian Anna''' | '''Symbian Anna'''
| 5.2 | 5.2
| 9.5 | 9.5
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|'''Original firmware'''
* Nokia: ]-00, ]-00, ], ]-00, ], ], ]
* ]-00 (''original firmware'')
* ]-00 (''original firmware'') * Vertu: ]<br>'''Updated firmware'''
* ] (''original firmware'') *Nokia: ]-00, ]-00, ]-00, ]<br>'''Latest firmware'''
* ]-00 (''original firmware'') * Nokia: ]
* ] (''original firmware'')
* ] (''original firmware'')
* ] (''original firmware'')
* ]-00 (''updated firmware'')
* ]-00 (''updated firmware'')
* ]-00 (''updated firmware'')
* ] (''updated firmware'')
* ] (''latest firmware'')
* ] (''original firmware'')
|- |-
| '''Nokia Belle'''<br />(Renamed from Symbian Belle) | '''Nokia Belle'''<br />(renamed from Symbian Belle)
| 5.3<ref>{{cite web|url=http://upwap.ru/1733517|title=Screenshot with Nokia 600<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом -->|website=upwap.ru}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | 5.3<ref>{{cite web|url=http://upwap.ru/1733517|title=Screenshot with Nokia 600<!-- The title was added by a bot -->|website=upwap.ru}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| 101<ref name="upwap1">{{cite web|url=http://upwap.ru/1733462|title=Z:\resource\versions\platform.txt<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом -->|website=upwap.ru|access-date=21 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113220336/http://upwap.ru/1733462|archive-date=13 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 101<ref name="upwap1">{{cite web|url=http://upwap.ru/1733462|title=Z:\resource\versions\platform.txt<!-- The title was added by a bot -->|website=upwap.ru|access-date=21 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113220336/http://upwap.ru/1733462|archive-date=13 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|
* ] (''canceled'') * Nokia: ] (''canceled'')<br>'''Original firmware'''
* ] (''original firmware'') * Nokia: ], ], ]<br>'''Latest firmware'''
*Nokia: ]-00, ]-00, ]-00, ], ]-00, ]-00, ], ]
* ] (''original firmware'')
* Vertu: ]
* ] (''original firmware'')
* ]-00 (''latest firmware'')
* ]-00 (''latest firmware'')
* ]-00 (''latest firmware'')
* ] (''latest firmware'')
* ]-00 (''latest firmware'')
* ]-00 (''latest firmware'')
* ] (''latest firmware'')
* ] (''latest firmware'')
* ] (''latest firmware'')
|- |-
| '''Nokia Belle,<br />Feature Pack 1''' | '''Nokia Belle,<br />Feature Pack 1'''
| 5.4<ref name="html5test.com">. HTML5test. Retrieved on 2013-12-08.</ref> | 5.4<ref name="html5test.com">. HTML5test. Retrieved on 2013-12-08.</ref>
| 101<ref name="upwap1" /> | 101<ref name="upwap1" />
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|'''Original firmware'''
* ] * Nokia: ]<br>'''Updated firmware'''
* ] (''updated firmware'') * Nokia: ], ], ]
* ] (''updated firmware'')
* ] (''updated firmware'')
|- |-
| '''Nokia Belle,<br />Feature Pack 2''' | '''Nokia Belle,<br />Feature Pack 2'''
| 5.5<ref name="html5test.com" /> | 5.5<ref name="html5test.com" />
| 101<ref name="upwap1" /> | 101<ref name="upwap1" />
| style="text-align:left;"| | style="text-align:left;"|'''Latest firmware'''
* ] (''latest firmware'') * ], ], ], ]
* ] (''latest firmware'')
* ] (''latest firmware'')
* ] (''latest firmware'')
|} |}

] is now{{When|date=October 2023}} progressing through a period of organisational change to metamorph into an ] software platform project. As an OS, ] originally provided no ] (UI), the visual layer that runs atop an operating system. This was implemented separately. Examples of Symbian UIs are ]; ]; ]; ] and ]. This separation of UI from underlying OS has created both flexibility and some confusion in the market place. The Nokia purchase of Symbian was brokered with the involvement of the other UI developers and all major user interface layers have been (or have been pledged to be) donated to the ] foundation who will independently own the Symbian operating system. The new ] has announced its intent to unify different Symbian UIs into a single UI based on the S60 platform. (Announcements made in March 2009 indicated this would be the S60 5th edition with feature pack 1).

== Symbian Anna ==
On 12 April 2011, Nokia announced Symbian Anna as a software update to the Symbian^3 release.
Three new devices (500, X7 and E6) were announced which will have Symbian Anna pre-installed. Symbian Anna will be available as a Software Update for Symbian^3 based devices as well.
Most Significant updates that come with "Anna" are
* Portrait QWERTY with split-view data entry
* New Icon Set
* New internet browser with an improved user interface, search-integrated address field, faster navigation and page loading.
* Updated Ovi Maps (search public transport, download full country maps via WLAN or Nokia Ovi Suite, check-in to Facebook, Twitter and Foursquare).
* Java Runtime 2.2, Qt Mobility 1.1 and Qt4.7.

== Symbian Belle ==
On 24 August 2011, Nokia announced Symbian Belle (later renamed Nokia Belle)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://conversations.nokia.com/2011/12/21/nokia-belle-coming-soon/|title=Nokia Belle coming soon – Nokia Conversations : the official Nokia blog|website=nokia.com|access-date=9 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222162636/http://conversations.nokia.com/2011/12/21/nokia-belle-coming-soon/|archive-date=22 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> as a software update to the Symbian Anna release.
Three new devices (603, 700 and 701) were announced which will have Symbian Belle pre-installed. Symbian Belle was available as a Software Update for Symbian Anna-based devices as well.
Most Significant updates that came with "Belle" were
* Free-form, differently-sized, live widgets
* More homescreens
* Improved status bar
* Dropdown menu
* Modernised navigation
* New apps
* Informative lock screen
* NFC devices
* Visual multitasking

== Symbian Carla and Donna ==
In November 2011, Nokia announced the Carla and Donna updates. Carla was expected to be released in late 2012 or early 2013 and feature a new web browser, new widgets, new NFC capabilities and Dolby Surround audio enhancement. Donna was going to be a dual-core processor exclusive, and was planned to be released late 2013 or early 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gsmarena.com/symbian_carla_and_donna_to_come_next_but_not_for_everyone-news-3394.php|title=Symbian Carla and Donna to come next, but not for everyone|website=gsmarena.com}}</ref> In May 2012 a Nokia executive claimed that Carla and Donna were cancelled, and that Nokia would instead only release Belle Feature Pack 2 later in 2012, lacking many of the new features that were planned for Carla and Donna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itproportal.com/2012/05/25/symbian-carla-cancelled-beginning-of-the-end-for-symbian/|title=Symbian Carla Cancelled, Beginning Of The End For Symbian?|website=itproportal.com|date=25 May 2012 }}</ref>

== Legacy ==
In February 2011, Nokia announced a partnership with Microsoft to adopt ] as Nokia's primary operating system, leaving further Symbian development in question. Nokia has promised support for Symbian and its newer devices until at least 2016, but no new Symbian devices will be released after ]. On 29 April 2011, Nokia announced that it would transfer Symbian activities to ] along with 3,000 employees.


== See also == == See also ==
Line 369: Line 230:
* ] * ]
* ], the open source Linux platform based on ] from ], the company which was established by ex-Nokia employees. * ], the open source Linux platform based on ] from ], the company which was established by ex-Nokia employees.
* ], a partly open-source mobile platform by Google * ], a partly open-source mobile platform by Google
* ], Nokia's Debian Linux-based platform * ], Nokia's Debian Linux-based platform
* ], another Symbian-based platform * ], another Symbian-based platform
Line 376: Line 237:
* ] * ]
* ], another Symbian-based platform * ], another Symbian-based platform
* ] * ]


== References == == References ==

Latest revision as of 01:12, 1 January 2025

Smartphone software platform

Operating system
S60
DeveloperNokia
Working stateDiscontinued
Marketing targetSmartphones
Influenced byPearl
Succeeded bySymbian^3 (in name)
Support status
Unsupported

The S60 Platform, originally named Series 60 User Interface, is a discontinued software platform and graphical user interface for smartphones that runs on top of the Symbian operating system. It was created by Nokia based on the 'Pearl' interface from Symbian Ltd. S60 was introduced at COMDEX in November 2001 and first shipped with the Nokia 7650 smartphone; the original version was followed by three other major releases.

In 2008 after Nokia bought out Symbian Ltd., the Symbian Foundation was formed to consolidate all the assets of different Symbian platforms (S60, UIQ, MOAP), making it open source. In 2009, based on the code base of S60, the first iteration of the platform since the creation of Symbian Foundation was launched as S60 5th Edition, or Symbian^1, on top of Symbian OS 9.4 as its base. Subsequent iterations dropped the S60 brand and were named solely under the Symbian name.

Overview

S60 5th Edition idle screen. Bottom left "button" brings up a virtual number pad, to compensate for removal of actual numerical keys.

The S60 middleware was a multivendor standard for smartphones that supports application development in Java MIDP, C++, Python and Adobe Flash. Its API was called Avkon UI. S60 consists of a suite of libraries and standard applications, such as telephony, personal information manager (PIM) tools, and Helix-based multimedia players. It was intended to power fully featured modern phones with large colour screens, which are commonly known as smartphones.

Originally, the most distinguishing feature of S60 phones was that they allowed users to install new applications after purchase. Unlike a standard desktop platform, however, the built-in apps are rarely upgraded by the vendor beyond bug fixes. New features are only added to phones while they are being developed rather than after public release. Certain buttons are standardized, such as a menu key, a four way joystick or d-pad, left and right soft keys and a clear key.

S60 was mainly used by Nokia but they also licensed it to a few other manufacturers, including Lenovo, LG Electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, Sendo, Siemens Mobile, Sony Ericsson, Solstice and Vertu. Sony Ericsson notably was the main vendor using the competing UIQ Symbian interface.

In addition to the manufacturers the community includes:

S60 editions

S60 3rd Edition menu on a Nokia N73

There have been four major releases of S60: Series 60 (2001), Series 60 Second Edition (2002), S60 3rd Edition (2005) and S60 5th Edition (2008). Each release had an updated version called Feature Pack, sometimes known as relay. Each runs on top of a different Symbian OS version.

Series 60 1st Edition
The devices' display resolution was fixed to 176×208. The Siemens SX1 meanwhile had 176×220.
  • Version 0.9 was the original and first shipped with Nokia 7650.
  • Version 1.2 (marketed as Feature Pack 1) first shipped with Nokia 3600/3650 in 2003.
Series 60 2nd Edition
Also known as S60v2.
  • Version 2 was the original and first shipped with Nokia 6600.
  • Version 2.1 (Feature Pack 1) first came with Nokia 6620.
  • Version 2.6 (Feature Pack 2) first came with Nokia 6630.
  • Version 2.8 (Feature Pack 3) first started shipping with Nokia N70 in September 2005. FP3 now supports multiple resolutions, i.e. Basic (176×208), and Double (352×416). The N90 was the first Series 60 device to support a higher resolution (352×416).
S60 3rd Edition
S60v3 uses a hardened version of Symbian OS (v9.1), which has mandatory code signing. In S60v3, a user may install only programs that have a certificate from a registered developer, unless the user disables that feature or modify the phone's firmware through third-party hacks that circumvent the mandatory signing restrictions. This makes software written for S60 1st Edition or 2nd Edition not binary-compatible with S60v3.
  • Version 3 was first introduced with Nokia N91 in 2006.
  • Version 3.1 (Feature Pack 1) first shipped with Nokia N95.
  • Version 3.2 (Feature Pack 2) first shipped with Nokia N78.
In 2006, a "Designed for S60 Devices" logo program for developers was launched. The logotype can be used with conforming programs regardless of them being native Symbian or Java.
S60 5th Edition / Symbian^1
In October 2008 Symbian^1, also known as S60v5, was launched as the first OS under the Symbian Foundation, based on the S60 code so therefore also called S60 5th Edition. Nokia skipped the number 4 as they traditionally always do (due to East Asian tetraphobia). S60 5th Edition runs on Symbian OS version 9.4. The major feature of 5th Edition is support for high-resolution 640×360 touchscreens; before 5th Edition, all S60 devices had a button-based user interface. S60 5th Edition also integrates standard C/C++ APIs and includes Adobe Flash Lite 3.0 with S60-specific ActionScript extensions that give Flash Lite developers access to phone features like contacts, text messaging, sensors and device location information (GPS). : Despite the introduction of S60 5th Edition, the 3rd Edition continued to be marketed new as well, as 5th Edition is specially designed for, and exclusively available on touchscreens (e.g. Nokia C6-00, Sony Ericsson Satio).
S60 5th Edition was the last edition of S60. It was succeeded by Symbian^2 (based on MOAP) and Symbian^3 in 2010.

Unification of Symbian interfaces

Main article: Symbian See also: Symbian Foundation

As an OS, Symbian OS originally provided no user interface (UI), the visual layer that runs atop an operating system: this was implemented separately. Other than S60, other examples of Symbian UIs were MOAP; Series 80; Series 90 and UIQ. This separation of UI from underlying OS created both flexibility and some confusion in the market place. The Nokia outright purchase of Symbian in June 2008 was brokered with the involvement of the other UI developers and all major user interface layers had been (or pledged to) donating to the open source foundation, Symbian Foundation, who would independently own the Symbian operating system. It announced its intent to unify different Symbian UIs into a single UI based on the S60 platform.

S60 5th Edition was the first version under the unified Symbian interface, and it was therefore also named Symbian^1. After this, the S60 name was dropped entirely with the release of Symbian^3 in 2010. In November 2010, Nokia abruptly announced that the Symbian Foundation will close down, leaving further Symbian development in question. The company had previously stated that MeeGo would become its smartphone future. In February 2011, Nokia instead announced a partnership with Microsoft to adopt Windows Phone 7 as Nokia's primary operating system, while promising continued support for Symbian and its newer devices until at least 2016. On 29 April 2011, Nokia announced that it would transfer Symbian activities to Accenture along with 3,000 employees.

Symbian^3

Symbian^3 was announced together with Nokia N8 on 27 April 2010. The software is faster than the previous S60 5th Edition and takes better advantage of hardware capabilities to create a snappier performance. Interface wise it is not drastically different although it does have multiple home screens. The task switcher has been revamped and now show thumbnails of each open app. Web browsing experience is also improved with the addition of pinch-to-zoom. The native text messaging app now features a "conversation" interface. While the virtual keyboard is still T9, a QWERTY is offered in landscape view.

Symbian Anna

On 12 April 2011, Nokia announced Symbian Anna as a software update to the Symbian^3 release. Three new devices (500, X7 and E6) were announced which will have Symbian Anna pre-installed. The most significant changes were:

  • Portrait QWERTY with split-view data entry
  • New Icon Set
  • New web browser with an improved user interface, search-integrated address field, faster navigation and page loading.
  • Updated Ovi Maps (search public transport, download full country maps via WLAN or Nokia Ovi Suite, check-in to Facebook, Twitter and Foursquare).
  • Java Runtime 2.2, Qt Mobility 1.1 and Qt4.7.

Symbian Belle

On 24 August 2011, Nokia announced Symbian Belle (later renamed Nokia Belle) as a software update to the Symbian Anna release. Three new devices (603, 700 and 701) were announced with Belle pre-installed. The most significant changes were:

  • Free-form, differently-sized, live widgets
  • More homescreens
  • Improved status bar
  • Dropdown menu
  • Modernised navigation
  • New apps
  • Informative lock screen
  • NFC devices
  • Visual multitasking

Symbian Carla and Donna

In November 2011, Nokia announced the Carla and Donna updates. Carla was expected to be released in late 2012 or early 2013 and feature a new web browser, new widgets, new NFC capabilities and Dolby Surround audio enhancement. Donna was going to be a dual-core processor exclusive, and was planned to be released late 2013 or early 2014. However, in May 2012 a Nokia executive claimed that Carla and Donna were cancelled, and that Nokia would instead only release Belle Feature Pack 2 later in 2012, lacking many of the new features that were planned for Carla and Donna.

Version history and supported devices

See also: Symbian

Many devices are capable of running the S60 software platform with the Symbian OS. Devices ranging from the early Nokia 7650 running S60 v0.9 on Symbian OS v6.1, to the latest Samsung i8910 Omnia HD running S60 v5.0 on Symbian OS v9.4. In Symbian^3 the version of the revised platform is v5.2.

The table lists devices carrying each version of S60 as well as the Symbian OS version on what it is based. Devices since Symbian^3 may be capable of upgrading to newer versions.

Product Name S60
Version Number 		Symbian OS
Version Number 		Devices
Series 60 1st Edition 0.9 6.1
Series 60 1st Edition,
Feature Pack 1 		1.2 6.1
Series 60 2nd Edition 2.0 7.0s
Series 60 2nd Edition,
Feature Pack 1 		2.1 7.0s
Series 60 2nd Edition,
Feature Pack 2 		2.6 8.0a
Series 60 2nd Edition,
Feature Pack 3 		2.8 8.1a
S60 3rd Edition 3.0 9.1
S60 3rd Edition,
Feature Pack 1 		3.1 9.2
S60 3rd Edition,
Feature Pack 2 		3.2 9.3
S60 5th Edition
(Corresponds to Symbian^1) 		5.0 9.4
Symbian^2
  • Fujitsu: DoCoMo F-07B, DoCoMo F-08B, DoCoMo F-06B
  • Sharp: DoCoMo SH-07B
Symbian^3 5.2 9.5 Original firmware
Symbian Anna 5.2 9.5 Original firmware
Nokia Belle
(renamed from Symbian Belle) 		5.3 101
Nokia Belle,
Feature Pack 1 		5.4 101 Original firmware
Nokia Belle,
Feature Pack 2 		5.5 101 Latest firmware

See also

References

  1. Babin, Steve (2005). Developing Software for Symbian OS: An Introduction to Creating Smartphone Applications in C++. John Wiley & Sons. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-470-02833-9.
  2. Python for S60, Nokia, archived from the original on 17 December 2008, retrieved 31 December 2008
  3. "S60 Avkon API to be replaced by UI Toolkit Qt – PhonesReviews UK- Mobiles, Apps, Networks, Software, Tablet etc". phonesreview.co.uk. 5 August 2009.
  4. Licensees, S60, archived from the original on 18 February 2009
  5. Pakalski, Ingo (21 October 2003). "Symbian-Smartphone von Sendo mit Digitalkamera samt Blitz" (in German). Golem.de. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  6. S60 5th Edition and the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic are here! Archived 27 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, 3rd comment
  7. "is now closed". S60.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  8. Hickey, Andrew R. "Take That, Google Android: Nokia Creates The Symbian Foundation | CRN". crn.com. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  9. Arthur, Charles (29 November 2010). "Nokia closes Symbian to the world: can MeeGo make up the gap?". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  10. https://www.theregister.com/2010/10/22/symbian_wound_down/
  11. "Nokia to shed 7,000 staff as part of reorganisation". BBC News. 27 April 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  12. "Nokia N8 unveiled with Symbian 3". CNET. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  13. Slavov, Rad (24 May 2010). "Nokia N8 to be 180% faster than the N97". PhoneArena. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  14. ^ "Living with Symbian^3, Part Two". All About Symbian. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  15. "Living with Symbian^3, Part One". All About Symbian. 7 January 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  16. "Nokia Symbian Anna update proves Symbian isn't Finnished". CNET. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  17. "Nokia Belle coming soon – Nokia Conversations : the official Nokia blog". nokia.com. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  18. "Symbian Carla and Donna to come next, but not for everyone". gsmarena.com.
  19. Hristov, Victor (23 May 2012). "Nokia cancels Symbian Carla, Belle FP2 to be the last Symbian?". PhoneArena. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  20. "Symbian Carla Cancelled, Beginning of the End For Symbian?". itproportal.com. 25 May 2012.
  21. ^ Forum Nokia Device Specifications for S60 models Archived 3 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine(operating system information)
  22. ^ Sony Ericsson Satio Press Release Archived 26 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine (information about S60 version)
  23. ^ "Samsung OMNIAHD Dazzles at Mobile World Congress with Its HD Brilliance". Archived from the original on 10 April 2009.
  24. ^ "Fast moving phone viruses appear". BBC. 30 December 2004. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  25. "Screenshot with Nokia 600". upwap.ru.
  26. ^ "Z:\resource\versions\platform.txt". upwap.ru. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  27. ^ How well does your browser support HTML5?. HTML5test. Retrieved on 2013-12-08.

Symbian Belle
Symbian Belle – the facts, the features and the pictures

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