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It has been suggested that History of pedophile activism be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since May 2007.

Pedophile activism or paedophile activism (Commonwealth usage) encompasses any pedophile-organized movement that argues for or against certain changes. Some examples include:

• The social acceptance of adults' romantic or sexual attraction to children (see pedophilia).
• Social acceptance of sexual activity between children and adults.
• Changes in institutions of concern to pedophiles, such as changing age of consent laws or mental illness classifications.

Some activists promote the use of terms such as "pedosexual", "boylove(r)", "girllove(r)", and "childlove(r)," wishing to avoid the stigma of terms such as "pedophile" .

The movement consists of a number of self-identifying pedophiles located in countries including the Netherlands and Canada, sometimes allied to grassroots organisations such as NAMBLA (now virtually defunct) and the Dutch group Vereniging MARTIJN. However, much of today's activism is limited to the internet. For example, Ipce (formerly "International Pedophile and Child Emancipation") is a leading activist site that hosts copies of scholarly and other articles.

The movement has encountered intense opposition, especially since the late 1970s, as increasing public focus and disapproval of intergenerational sex and pedophilia has motivated more stringent legislation and harsher criminal penalties regarding child pornography and child sexual abuse. Classification of pedophile activism as a valid political or civil rights activist movement is itself also unpopular. In an interview with KCTV5, Phill Kline, Kansas Attorney General, characterized the goal of certain pedophile activists to change age-of-consent laws as "twisted."

History

Modern pedophile activism was founded in the Netherlands by Frits Bernard in the late 1950s. In the 1970s, the movement made temporary progress towards its goals in continental Western Europe, particularly in the Netherlands. It waned in many countries in the 1980s. The Internet now plays a large role in the contemporary pedophile activism.

Perspectives of pedophile activists

Study by Mary de Young

In 1989, sociologist Mary de Young reviewed the literature published by pedophile organizations for public dissemination. She found that pedophile organizations she studied used the following strategies to promote public acceptance of pedophilia or the legalization of adult-child sex:

• Adoption of value-neutral terminology. According to Herdt, an anthropologist who has studied sex between adults and children in other cultures, pedophile advocates need to replace "dull and reductionistic" terms like pedophilia and abuse when discussing sex between "a person who has not achieved adulthood and one who has". Moreover, words like "child" or "childhood", which have psychologically developmental meaning, should be "resisted at all costs". See also Promoting 'objective' research.

• Redefining the term child sexual abuse. Another recurring theme among those seeking to gain social acceptance for pedophilia is the need to redefine or restrict the usage of the term "child sexual abuse", recommending a child's "willing encounter with positive reactions" be called "adult-child sex" instead of "abuse" (Rind et al. 1998). For example, Gerald Jones (1990), an Affiliated Scholar at the Institute for the Study of Women and Men in Society at the University of Southern California, suggested that "intergenerational intimacy" should not be considered synonymous with child sexual abuse. According to Jones, the "crucial difference has to do with mutuality and control" (p. 278). Jones suggested, "Intergenerational attraction on the part of some adults could constitute a lifestyle 'orientation', rather than a pathological maladjustment" (p. 288).

• Promoting the idea that children can consent to sex with adults. The reconceptualization of children as willing sexual participants along with the decriminalization of consensual sexual relations is perhaps the key change sought by pedophile advocates. To counter developmental arguments that children cannot give informed consent, for example, David L. Riegel (2000) stated in his book Understanding Loved Boys and Boylovers, "Anyone who holds to the idea that a young boy cannot give or withhold informed consent has never taken such a boy shopping for new sneakers" (p. 38). Many pedophile activists, amongst them Tom O'Carroll, Frans Gieles and Lindsay Ashford, actively campaign against the idea that children are unable to consent to sex.

• Questioning the assumption of harm. The most common stance against child-adult sex is the assumption that it causes psychological harm to the minor. This claim is taken as true at face value, and any criticism about it is taken as a defence of pedophile activity. This remains to be one of the biggest barriers against pedophile activism, and advocates of pedophilia have attempted to change these barriers in a variety of ways. For example, these pedophile activists have argued that no there is little or no harm from child-adult sex. Some support their arguments by citing various studies that have argued that the negative outcomes attributed to adult-child sexual relations can usually be better explained by other factors, such as a poor family environment or incest (see Rind et al, 1998).
  • Riegel (2000) asserted: "The acts themselves harm no one, the emotional and psychological harm comes from the 'after the fact' interference, counseling, therapy, etc., that attempt to artificially create a 'victim' and a 'perpetrator' where neither exists" (p. 21).
  • Similar arguments are made by SafeHaven Foundation, an organization for "responsible boylovers". On their website, they wrote, "The child abuse industry ... takes a boy who has enjoyed pleasurable and completely consensual sexual experiences with another boy or man, and traumatizes him in an attempt to convince him that what he did was 'wrong'". In addition, SafeHaven argues that, "many of the supposed traumas elicited by psychotherapy turn out to be nothing more than the result of the False Memory Syndrome" (SafeHaven Foundation, 2001).
  • In Pedophilia: The Radical Case, Tom O'Carroll writes: "The disparity in size and power between parent and child creates a potential for abuse. But, on the basis that parent–child relationships are generally positive we accept that inequality is simply in the nature of the thing. I would like to see paedophilic relationships looked at in a similar light."
  • Edward Brongersma, in Boy-Lovers and Their Influence on Boys, where he reports the result of interviews with participants in adult–child relationships writes, "within a relationship, sex is usually only a secondary element", and he referred to supporting studies by Hass, 1979; Righton, 1981; Berkel, 1978; Ingram, 1977; Pieterse, 1982, and Sandfort, 1982.

• Promoting 'objective' research. Pedophile advocates, such as Edward Brongersma, have argued that investigators of child sexual abuse have biased views (Brongersma, 1990), also calling for a less "emotional" approach to the subject (e.g., Geraci, 1994, p. 17; Jones, 1990). Brongersma and Jones have cited Theo Sandfort's (1987) research on boys' relationships with pedophiles, published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Sex Research, as an example of what they consider "objective" research (e.g., Brongersma, 1990, p. 168; Jones, 1990, p. 286). However, critics suggest that the study was "politically motivated to 'reform' legislation" (Mrazek, 1990, p. 318). Robert Bauserman (1990, see also Rind et al. controversy), in turn, has argued that Mrazek's criticisms are "vaporously distorted, irrelevant, or just plain false".

• Declassification of pedophilia as mental illness. Activists of the movement quote Moser and Kleinplatz (2003), who suggest that all paraphilia be removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).

Other significant views

Views not mentioned by DeYoung, but often opined by activists include:

• Promoting understanding of the difference between paedophilia and sexual activity. Some activists wish to explain the difference between Paedophilia and adults' sexual activity with children.

• Promoting the testimonies of people who claim no harm from sex as a minor. Various people, mainly adults, who have been sexually involved with adults as a minor claim to have enjoyed or suffered no ill effects from such contacts. Some activist websites collect and publish that anecdotal material.

• Referring to experiences of situations where adult-child sex interactions are not illegal, both historical and ethnical. Pedophile activists often point to situations where adult-child sex interactions are not illegal (though not necessarily common) and no negative effects are observed. Most refer to ancient Greece, while some employ ethnological studies. Very few also refer to post-antiquity historical situations in the Western world where such conditions existed.

• Invoking ideas of continuity between pedophile and other minority activists. Some activists argue that pedophile activism, feminism, gay activism, and anti-racism all relate to the experiences of suppressed and misunderstood groups. Writers such as Camile Paglia have asserted that gay rights (from which much of pedophile activism diverged) should never have rejected the pederastic themes which some activists claim were the 'giveaways' required to make homosexual culture acceptable.

• Pointing to juvenile sexual activity in the animal kingdom and invoking evolutionary arguments. Other species are sometimes used as examples of beneficial or normalized sexual contact between grown animals and infants or adolescents. One popular case is that of Humans' closest relative, the Bonobo, where infant-initiated sexual touching is part of everyday life, and intercourse is sometimes performed by the young. Elsewhere, it is argued that it makes evolutionary sense for prepubescent humans to be given an induction to effective sexual intimacy before the age of fertility, upon which they may have been required to reproduce in a primitive society.

Terminology and symbols used by the movement

Terminology used by the movement

• Childlover, Boylover, Girllover. Some pedophiles and ephebophiles who claim that their attraction to minors is not solely sexual in nature prefer to describe themselves using the term childlover. The derived terms girllover and boylover are then commonly used to specifically indicate a childlover's preferred gender of attraction.

• Pedosexual. Some members of the movement use the term pedosexual, positing that pedophilia should be seen as a distinct sexual orientation as with homosexuality and heterosexuality. It has also been used simply as a synonym for pedophile.

Symbols used by the movement

• A blue spiral-shaped triangle symbol, or "BLogo", symbolizes a boy (small triangle) surrounded by an older male (larger triangle). It was designed by an anonymous artist with the pseudonym "Kalos".

• A similar logo, a heart within a heart, or "GLogo" was later developed by some pedophiles attracted to girls to symbolize a "bond of love" between adults and girls.

Ethics proposed by the movement

Some pedophile activists have proposed ethical frameworks for sexual interaction with children. Such frameworks stress the consent of the child, their ability to withdraw from the relationship, and having open, rather than secret relationships, as key factors.

Most of the people involved in these efforts believe that such ethical guidelines can only work in jurisdictions where adult–child sex is legal and therefore do not address the ethical issues of having an illegal relationship with a minor. Instead, illegal activity is discouraged, such as in the Boylove Code of Ethics which states that a pedophile should "do everything possible to protect his young friend from any harm, including exposure or embarrassment from arrest". MARTIJN's statement is unequivocal: "MARTIJN Association advises everyone to observe the law."

Not all groups associated with the movement support these ethical boundaries. For example, the group Krumme 13 ("Crooked 13") counseled convicted child-molesters to continue their activities once released. According to German AG Pädo and Ipce, two other pedophile activist groups, Krumme 13's jailed leader was not trusted in the pedophile community, and the group was detrimental to the pedophile movement.

Activities

Members of the movement claim that the primary activity of the movement is peer-support for pedophiles. They attempt to provide support to others who would otherwise be reluctant to discuss their attractions for fear of being ostracized or persecuted. To this end, some organizations provide online counselling and suicide prevention services. Radical organizations, like the Krumme 13, have been accused of encouraging pedophiles to break laws regarding the legal Age of Consent. Other organizations strongly encourage others to maintain constant vigilance in not breaking laws and maintaining a good standing in the public eye.

Much online pedophile activism takes place on message boards for pedophiles, such as BoyChat.

Many pedophile activists now have blogs . Many of these blogs, especially those at blogger (owned by Google) have been removed for alleged Terms of Service violations.

MARTIJN, as well as publishing OK magazine and providing support for pedophiles, is also involved in overt activism, distributing flyers and pamphlets at public gatherings and gay pride marches

Robin Sharpe, a Canadian pedophile, successfully challenged some aspects of child pornography laws in the Canadian Supreme Court in 2002, arguing that his fictional writings were not illegal because they had artistic merit.

Various groups also promote 'holidays' intended to spread understanding and acceptance of pedophilia. International Boylove Day occurs on the first Saturday after the summer solstice and some people also celebrate on the first Saturday after the winter solstice. Alice Day is celebrated by female-attracted pedophiles, on April 25. This is the day Lewis Carroll met Alice Liddell, the girl for whom he wrote Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, on April 25, 1856.

Scientific claims

Members of the movement have referred to several scientific studies which document the large number of pedophiles in the population, including papers such as Hall et al , in which 32.5% of male volunteers exhibited equal or greater sexual arousal to pedophilic stimuli.

Many paedophile activists promote the distinction between pedophiles and child molesters. Most psychologists agree that there is a difference between an adult who desires sexual contact with a child and one who acts on that desire. Fagan, Wise, Schmidt and Berlin, in their 2002 paper on pedophilia write:

"Pedophilia is a diagnosis applicable to only a portion of individuals who sexually abuse children. Information has been drawn from published research about pedophilia and child sexual abuse in general to present the current state of knowledge. Despite a sizeable body of published, peer-reviewed articles about topics such as child sexual abuse, child molestation, and sexual offenders, data and our knowledge base about pedophilia have significant limitations."

The movement's scientific aims and claims

Re-categorization of data

Many pedophile activists attempt to refute scientific research that finds sexual contact between adults and children as predominantly harmful by stating there are a variety of different categories for adult-child sex interactions, commonly not acknowledged by mainstream scientific research. They claim that studies showing harm from adult-child sexual contact might have shown that some types of contact are harmless, if only the studies had carefully categorized the contacts into more narrow categories, such as 'consensual' contact versus 'non-consensual' contact. For examples of this lack of proper differentiation theory, see

"Socially Representative" sampling and change in ethos

Some activists claim that 'sexual abuse' studies, by their very definition and aims, self - select the categories of interaction that involve negative experiences, even in those cases where medical or legal samples have been avoided, and a sample more representative of the general population has been used. Some also claim that there is political pressure on scientists not to produce results that are contrary to the political consensus, leading to fundamental biases in research techniques (such as the confusion of correlation and causality) . Other criticisms such as the use of confusing terminology, confusion of morality and ideology with science, and the generalisation of clinical and criminal samples to society as a whole, are put very similarly to critiques such as those listed on the MHAMic research website

The movement's use of scientific papers

Many in the movement use scientific papers in their arguments, disputing some claims of psychological harm from child sexual abuse and using other papers to argue for changes in policy or public opinion. The researchers Fagan, Wise, Schmidt and Berlin, in their 2002 paper on pedophilia, concluded that most child sex abuse cases involve adults not motivated by sexual attraction to the child (pedophilia per se), and who are therefore not pedophiles in the medical sense.

The public often perceives papers cited by pedophile groups as "pro-pedophilia" papers, regardless of the author's claim to objectivity.

Papers supporting some activist opinions

Ben Spiecker and Jan Steutel, in a paper entitled Paedophilia, Sexual Desire and Perversity argued that consent is possible in some older prepubescent children. However, they also concluded that "paedophile sex is a form of exploitation because it endangers the long-term welfare of the child. Consequently, paedophilia involves desires towards behaviour that is morally wrong, but only in some forms of paedophilia are these desires perverse." In one such study, Intergenerational Sexual Contact: A Continuum Model of Participants and Experiences (reproduced on ipce's website), Joan Nelson writes:

De Young (1982) reports that 20% of her "victims" appeared to be "virtually indifferent to their molestation" Instead, they tended to be traumatized by the reaction of adults to its discovery.

Theo Sandfort's 1980 study in which 25 boys aged 10 - 16 and involved in pederasty were interviewed, concluded that:

"Except on the basis of violation of moral standards, there was nothing in what these boys said that would justify punishment. … should be so drawn up that the kind of sexual contacts which these 25 boys experienced would fall outside of their application."

Rind et al. controversy

A meta-analysis of college studies by Bruce Rind, Philip Tromovitch and Robert Bauserman published by the American Psychological Association in 1998 found a weak correlation between sex abuse in childhood and the later instability of the child's adult psyche. It notes that a significant percentage reported their reactions to sex abuse as positive in the short term. It concludes that for research purposes some cases of child sex abuse would be better labeled "adult-child sex". The article states in the addendum that 'Results of the present review do not support these assumed properties; CSA does not cause intense harm on a pervasive basis regardless of gender in the college population' (Rind et al., 1998, p. 46), but warns 'The current findings are relevant to moral and legal positions only to the extent that these positions are based on the presumption of psychological harm' (p. 47).

The paper faced multiple academic disputations, including sample bias, non-standardization of variables, statistical errors, and researchers' personal bias. The article's authors have published replies to these claims.

In addition to academic criticism, the article received massive criticism from conservative activists and groups, including radio personality Laura Schlessinger. She and others called the article an attempt to normalize pedophilia. Congressman Tom DeLay and others sought a formal congressional action against the APA for the article. In 1999 Congress unanimously passed a bill stating that "children are a precious gift and responsibility given to parents by God" and that the study was "severely flawed", although it did not cite any specific errors.

Controversy and public reaction to the movement

Nearly all national governments conform to United Nations protocols for age-of-consent legislation and the criminalization of child pornography. From 2000 to 2004, over 130 nations signed a United Nations accord to criminalize child pornography. The U.N. convention on legal age for marriage has been in force since 1964.

Members of the movement assert that they do not support child abuse or illegal activity; public reaction to this claim has been skeptical. This skepticism has been reinforced by publicized incidents linking people associated with the movement to child sexual abuse, and by the alleged similarity of this movement's views to the views used by some child molesters to justify their abuse.

Criticism of the political movement

Law enforcement officials and psychologists have asserted that the movement’s online support groups enable pedophiles to justify engaging in adult-child sexual contact. They claim that adults arrested for child molestation frequently cite the positions of the movement as justification for their actions (Finkelhor, 1984). Some psychologists consider various positions of the movement to be the “cognitive distortions” characteristic of sexual abusers.

For example, in August 2006, The New York Times published the results of a four-month investigation of online pedophile communications and activities. The newspaper described how “pedophiles view themselves as the vanguard of a nascent movement seeking legalization of child pornography and the loosening of age-of-consent laws.” And while "pedophiles often maintain that the discussion sites are little more than support groups,” the newspaper asserted that, “epeatedly in these conversations, pedophiles said the discussions had helped them accept their attractions and had even allowed them to have sex with a child without guilt."

The movement's members have vehemently opposed these characterizations. As described below, two debates surround the movement: whether there is such a thing as harmless child-adult sexual contact, and whether the advocating of such views spills over into encouraging such contact.

Skepticism that the movement does not support child abuse

Many child abuse prevention advocates, law enforcement officials, and journalists note that various child molestation convicts were also members of the movement. Those involved with the movement have responded by claiming that this was either not true, the acts were victimless crimes (before intervention), or that the movement could have even helped them avoid crossing the line into abuse by giving them a more positive identity than society does. Some claim that dwelling on these arrests attempts to smear the movement through guilt-by-association. Nonetheless, mainstream observers remain skeptical that ardent advocates of adult-child romance and sex stay within the law – citing these arrests as evidence.

Concerning the recent sex scandals involving Catholic priests in the US, some pedophile activists say that these scandals only or prominently involved minor partners that during the times of sexual interactions were adolescent and thus, these scandals have nothing to do with pedophile activism.

Child abuse cases in relation to members of NAMBLA

Many of these incidents giving grounds to skepticism involve members of NAMBLA, the organization most widely known to the US public. Some claim that these activities are limited to members of this organization and are not representative of the larger movement. Dutch psychologist and pedophile activist Frits Bernard has argued that NAMBLA at least started out as an ephebophile, not a pedophile activism organization as identifiable by its original political and social reform program, and that its program remained like that at least until 1982 when Bernard made his statement.

Incidents include:

• Rev. Paul Shanley, a priest accused of abusing children as young as six years old over a period of three decades, allegedly participated in early movement workshops and advocacy, according to contemporaneous accounts of the events obtained by the Boston Globe. Pedophile activists have sought to cast doubt on Shanley's conviction.

• Charles Jaynes was convicted of murdering a 10-year-old boy then having intercourse with his body in 1997; the parents of the boy filed a $200 million wrongful death suit against NAMBLA, Curley v. NAMBLA, claiming that while being heterosexual, "immediately prior" to the murder, "Charles Jaynes accessed NAMBLA's Web site at the Boston Public Library'". By 2005, $1 million and five years had been spent to prove this claim. The ACLU protested against associating NAMBLA with this case and represented them, asking the case to be dismissed.

• John David Smith, a San Francisco man convicted of sexually assaulting an 11-year-old boy he was babysitting, met an undercover investigator through his activities as a NAMBLA member. According to the investigator, Smith used his contacts with NAMBLA to trade child pornography and arrange sex with children.

• Johnathan Tampico was convicted of child molestation in 1989 and paroled in 1992 on condition of not possessing child pornography. After breaking his parole, he was found after a broadcast of America's Most Wanted. He was arrested and convicted on child pornography charges. In his sentencing, the court found that Tampico was a member of NAMBLA, that NAMBLA supported a foster home in Thailand that sexually exploited children, and that Tampico and others traveled to Thailand in order to have unlimited access to young boys at the foster home, as evidenced by a number of Polaroid pictures, provided by Thai officials, depicting Tampico with young Thai boys sitting on his lap.

• James C. Parker, a New York man who, according to court records, told the police that he was a member of NAMBLA, was arrested in 2000 and convicted in 2001 of committing sodomy with a young boy.

Criminal cases in relation to other pedophile activists

• Tom O'Carroll, author of Pedophilia: a Radical Case and a founder of the Paedophile Information Exchange, admitted to two counts of distributing indecent images in September 2006, and in December 20, 2006, he was jailed for 2 1/2 years at London’s Middlesex Crown Court. Whilst he admits to the illegal activity itself, O'Carroll defends his actions on an ethical basis

• Ad van den Berg, co-founder and treasurer of the pro-pedophile Partij voor Naastenliefde, Vrijheid en Diversiteit political party in the Netherlands, was convicted of molesting an 11-year old boy in 1987.

See also

• Abolition of age of consent laws
• Age disparity in sexual relationships
• Child sexual abuse
• Child sexuality
• Sexual Morality and the Law
• Chronophilia
• -philia (list of philias)

Advocates

Opponents

Notes and references

Notes

1. http://www.boylover.net/info/aboutbl/
2. www.ipce.info/newsletters/nl_e_3.html
4. http://www.ipce.info/ipceweb/Library/dutch_movement_text.htm
5. Brongersma, Edward (1988). "Schutzalter 12 Jahre? - Sex mit Kindern in der niederländischen Gesetzgebung ("Age of Consent 12 years? Dutch legislation on sex with children")", in Leopardi, Angelo: Der pädosexuelle Komplex ("On the topic of pedosexuality") (in German). Frankfurt/Main, Germany: Foerster Verlag, 212. ISBN 3-922257-66-6.
6. Geraci, J. (1994). Interview: Gilbert Herdt. Paidika: The Journal of Paedophilia, 3 (2), 2-17.
7. http://www.narth.com/docs/denial.html
8. O'Carroll, Tom (1980). "Chapter 9: Power and Equality" (HTML). Paedophilia: The Radical Case.
9. ^ Brongersma, Edward (1990). "Boylovers and Their Influence on Boys". Journal of Homosexuality. 20.
10. Bauserman R. (1990). "Objectivity and Ideology: Criticism of Theo Sandfort's Research on Man-Boy Sexual Relations". Journal of Homosexuality. 20 (1/2).
11. http://hfp.puellula.org/Manifesto.html
12. http://anu.nfshost.com/?page_id=2
13. http://debateguide.googlepages.com/accountsandtestimonies
14. http://www.cerius.org/child/index.htm
15. Brongersma, Edward (1988). "Schutzalter 12 Jahre? - Sex mit Kindern in der niederländischen Gesetzgebung ("Age of Consent 12 years? Dutch legislation on sex with children")". In Leopardi, Angelo (ed.). Der pädosexuelle Komplex ("On the topic of pedosexuality") (in German). Frankfurt/Main, Germany: Foerster Verlag. p. 210. ISBN 3-922257-66-6.
16. http://home.wanadoo.nl/ipce/library_two/files/paglia_guide.htm
17. http://almapintada.puellula.com/Non-Western/index.html
18. http://debateguide.googlepages.com/section22
19. http://www.childlover.org/index.php/Child_Lover
20. http://www.greenbelt.com/news/98/12/02.htm
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22. Ashford, Lindsay. "Graphic Love - GLogo Images" (HTML). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
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24. ^ MARTIJN (1982). "MARTIJN: What we stand for" (HTML).
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27. "LifeLine is a real-time support chat".
28. http://nld.puellula.com/Blogs.html
29. "A brief history of International BoyLove Day".
30. "Alice Day".
31. http://www.ipce.info/ipceweb/Library/97-048_article.html Hall et al
32. http://hfp.puellula.com/Polemic/WhatIs.html
33. Califia, Pat (1994). "The Age of Consent: The Great Kiddy-Porn Panic of '77" (HTML). The Culture of Radical Sex.
34. "Carrolingian" (2002). "Paedophile Ideology" (HTML). Understanding Paedophilia For The Law.
35. Cloud, John (April 29, 2002). "Pedophilia". Time Magazine.
36. Larry L. Constantine (1977). "The Sexual Rights Of Children: Implications Of A Radical Perspective". International Conference on Love and Attraction. pp. 255–262. {{cite conference}}: Unknown parameter |booktitle= ignored (|book-title= suggested) (help)
37. Frederiksen, Arne (1999). "Pedophilia, Science, and Self-deception: A Criticism of Sex Abuse Research" (HTML).
38. van Ree, Frank. "Abuse by Definition? The Taboo as Excuse". KOINOS. 25.
39. http://www.paedosexualitaet.de/science/pressure.html]
42. Fagan; et al. (2002). "Pedophilia". Journal of the American Medical Association. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
43. O'Keefe, Mark (2002). "Controversial Studies Push Change in Society's View of Pedophilia". Newhouse News Service.
44. Ben Spiecker; Jan Steutel (September 01 1997). "Paedophilia, Sexual Desire and Perversity". Journal of Moral Education. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: year (link)
45. Joan Nelson (1989). "Intergenerational Sexual Contact: A Continuum Model of Participants and Experiences". Journal of Sex Education & Therapy. 15.
46. http://www.leadershipcouncil.org/1/res/dallam/5.html Dallam et al., "Science or Propaganda"
47. http://www.ipce.info/library_3/files/dallam_02.htm
48. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10376568
49. http://www.ipce.info/library_3/files/rind/rtbval_3.htm
50. http://www.ipce.info/library_3/files/dal.htm
51. http://home.wanadoo.nl/ipce/library_two/rbt/skept.htm
52. US Congress (1999). "Whereas no segment of our society is more critical to the future of human survival than our children" (PDF). 106th Congress, Resolution 107.
53. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (1964). "Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages" (HTML).
54. Lawson, L. (2003). "Isolation, gratification, justification: offenders' explanations of child molesting" (HTML).
55. http://www.cleveland.com/news/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/cuyahoga/1154593941281930.xml&coll=2
56. http://www.nbc10.com/news/9621055/detail.html
57. http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/8-3-2006-104373.asp
58. http://education.zdnet.com/?p=424
59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12907384
60. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/21/technology/21pedo.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5088&en=4ca4585011496b35&ex=1313812800&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
61. Uittenbogaard, Marthijn (April 2005). "Possible causes of the pedophile witch hunt". OK. 91.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
62. Sandfort, Theo. "Constructive Questions Regarding Paedophilia" (HTML).
63. Frans Gieles (2001). "Helping people with pedophilic feelings". 15th World Congress of Sexology, Paris, June 2001 & the congress of the Nordic Association of Clinical Sexology, Visby, Sweden, September 2001. {{cite conference}}: Unknown parameter |booktitle= ignored (|book-title= suggested) (help); line feed character in |booktitle= at position 50 (help)
64. ^ Martin, Glen (1996-09-05). "S.F. Man Held In Sex Assault On Virginia Boy". San Francisco Chronicle. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
65. Richard Goldstein (August 20, 2002). "The Double Standard". The Advocate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
66. Mattingly, Terry (2002). "Fathers, mothers & Catholic sons" (HTML).
67. Tierney, John (March 22, 2002). "Wrong Labels Inflame Fears of Catholics". New York Times.
68. Bernard, Frits (1982) . Kinderschänder? - Pädophilie, von der Liebe mit Kindern ("Child-molesters? - Pedophilia, on childlove") (in German and orig. 1st ed. in Dutch) (3rd ed. ed.). Frankfurt/Main, Germany: Foerster Verlag. p. 126. ISBN 3-922257-41-0. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
69. "Shanley quoted in GaysWeek magazine". The Boston Globe.
70. Tesfaye, Bizuayehu (2004-05-06). "Shanley, priest at center of clergy abuse scandal, defrocked". USA Today. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
71. "Sex Terror: What's breathing down your neck?". The Guide. March 2005.
72. Rubenstein, Kathryn (2001). "Massachusetts v. Salvatore Sicari "Molestation Murder Trial"". Court TV.
73. Wendy Kaminer (November 20, 2000). "Speaking of". The American Prospect. 11 (24).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
74. O'Reilly, Bill (April 26, 2005). "Factor Follow Up Segment: Victim of NAMBLA?". Fox News Channel.
75. Finucane, Martin (August 31, 2000). "ACLU To Represent NAMBLA". The Associated Press.
76. "ACLU asks federal judge to dismiss case against man-boy sex group". The Associated Press. July 18, 2001.
78. "Tampico v. United States Of America" (HTML). 2001.
79. "Tampico v. United States Of America" (HTML). 2001.
80. "The People Of The State Of New York v James C. Parker, Appellant" (HTML). 2003.
81. http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/?jp=CWSNAUKFCWKF
82. http://www.inquisition21.com/article~view~69~page_num~11.html
83. "Court refuses to ban Dutch pedophile party" Associated Press, July 17, 2006
84. http://www.ipce.info/ipceweb/Library/califa_feminism.htm
85. http://www.upress.umn.edu/Books/L/levine_harmful.html
86. http://www.salon.com/april97/columnists/paglia970415.html
87. http://www.academia.org/campus_reports/1998/october_1998_1.html
88. Green, Richard (2002). "Is pedophilia a mental disorder?", Archives of Sexual Behavior. 31 (6). 467-471.
89. http://www.redwatch.org.uk/noncewatch/assorted.html
90. ^ "Martijn, Stop Martijn en Stop Stop Martijn"

References

• Lilienfeld, Scott O. When worlds collide: Social science, politics, and the Rind et al. (1998) child sexual abuse meta-analysis. American Psychologist. 57(3), Mar 2002, 176-188.
• Ashford, L. (2002). The Human Face of Pedophilia
• Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg, G. (1988). The Paedophile Impulse: Toward the Development of an Aetiology of Child-Adult Sexual Contacts from an Ethological and Ethnological Viewpoint
• Brongersma, E. (1990). Boy-Lovers and Their Influence on Boys. Journal of Homosexuality 20 - 1/2, 1990.
• CLogo Team (2003). Pedophiles
• Dallam, S. J. (2002), "Science or Propaganda? An examination of Rind, Tromovitch and Bauserman (1998)". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 9(3/4), 109-134.
• De Young M. (1988). "The indignant page: techniques of neutralization in the publications of pedophile organizations." Child Abuse & Neglect, 12 (4), 583-591.
• De Young, M. (1989). "The world according to NAMBLA: Accounting for deviance". Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 16, 111-126.
• Finkelhor, D., Child Sexual Abuse, Free Press, 1984 ISBN 0-02-910020-8
• Gieles F.E.J. (1998). I didn't know how to deal with it. IPCE.
• Gieles F.E.J. (2004). Ethics and Intimacy in intergenerational relationships. IPCE.
• Hohmann, Joachim S. ed. (1982). Pädophilie heute ("Pedophila today", in German). Foerster Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
• Leopardi, Angelo ed. (1988). Der pädosexuelle Komplex ("On the topic of pedosexuality", in German). Foerster Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
• Fagan P.J., Wise T.N., et al. (2002). "Pedophilia". JAMA. 2002;288:2458-2465.
• Moser C., Kleinplatz P. (2003). DSM-IV-TR and the Paraphilias: An Argument for Removal
• Nelson J.A. (1989). "Intergenerational Sexual Contact: A Continuum Model of Participants and Experiences". Journal of Sex Education & Therapy, Vol. 15, No.1, 1989, pp.3-12.
• O'Carroll T. (1980). Paedophilia: The Radical Case. Peter Owen, London.
• Protestantse Stichting voor Verantwoorde Gezinsvorming, (1981). Pedophilia. PSVG, The Netherlands.
• Paiderastia. A Boylove Code of Ethics. Paiderastia.
• Rossman P. (1976) Sexual Experience Between Men and Boys: Exploring the Pederast Underground. Association Press, New York.
• Spieker, B.; Steutel, J. (1997). Paedophilia, Sexual Desire and Perversity. Journal of Moral Education, 09/01/1997.
• Underwager R., Wakefield H. (1997). Special Problems with Sexual Abuse Cases. Coping with psychiatric and psychological testimony, Supplement to the Fifth Edition (Out of Print) (pp. 136-147). Los Angeles, CA: Law and Psychology Press.
• Vereniging MARTIJN (2004). What we Stand for. Vereniging MARTIJN.
• Schuijer, J. (1990). "Tolerance at arm's length: The Dutch experience." Journal of Homosexuality, 20, 199-229.

External links

From within the movement

• Clogo - A series of activist projects
• Paedophilia - The Radical Case - Book by Tom O'Carroll
• Debate Guide - "Arguments and counter arguments for the sexual emancipation of minors and minor attracted adults"
• Puellula - An activist's personal site
• Age Taboo - "The place for young guys who like younger guys"

In opposition to the movement

• Absolute Zero - "Fighting pedophiles around the world"
• Perverted Justice Corporate Sex Offenders
• "Boylove: Semantically Correct?"
• Operation: Shutdown Puellula - Campaign which lobbies other websites to delist and unlink Puellula.org

Media articles

• Controversial Studies Push Change in Society's View of Pedophilia, Newhouse News Service, 2002.
• Academics Defend Pedophilia, NewsMax, 2004.
• "From Their Own Online World, Pedophiles Extend Their Reach" By Kurt Eichenwald, New York Times, August 21, 2006
• "Pedophilia Chic" Reconsidered: The taboo against sex with children continues to erode., Weekly Standard, 2001

• Articles to be merged from May 2007
• Pedophile activism
• Pederasty