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The '''Crimean War''' lasted from ] to ]. It was fought between ] and an alliance of ], ], the ] and ]. The majority of the conflict took place around the ]n peninsula on the ]. | ||
After a dispute with the Ottoman Empire over the guardianship of several holy towns in ], Russia invaded ] and ], both vassals of the Ottoman Empire, resulting in a declaration of war by the Ottomans in late ]. The Ottomans were joined by Britain and France in ] ], and by Sardinia in ] ]. ] also threatened to enter the war on the Ottoman side, causing the Russians to withdraw from the occupied areas, which were subsequently occupied by the Austrians in ] 1854. | |||
The following month, allied troops landed in the Crimea and besieged the city of ]. The city was finally captured in ] 1855. In the same year, the Russians occupied the Turkish/Armenian city of ]. | |||
After the occupation of Sevastopol and the accession of ] peace negotiations began. The war ended in ] with the ]. | |||
It was the only war fought by Britain between the ] and ]. The war became famous for miliary and logistical incompetence. Scandalous treatment of wounded soldiers, which was covered by war media, prompted the work of ], introducing modern nursing methods. The Crimean War was also the first in which use was made of railways. | |||
==== Notes toward an article ==== | ==== Notes toward an article ==== | ||
* |
* Some action also took place on the Russian Pacific coast, ], the ] and ] | ||
* The roots of the war's causes lay in the existing rivalry between the British and the Russians in other areas such as ]. Conflicts over control of holy places in ] led to aggressive actions in the ], and around the ]. | * The roots of the war's causes lay in the existing rivalry between the British and the Russians in other areas such as ]. Conflicts over control of holy places in ] led to aggressive actions in the ], and around the ]. | ||
* Major battles | * Major battles | ||
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* It was the first war where the electric ] started to have a significant effect; the first 'live' war reporting to the ], and English generals reduced independence of action from London due to such rapid communications. | * It was the first war where the electric ] started to have a significant effect; the first 'live' war reporting to the ], and English generals reduced independence of action from London due to such rapid communications. | ||
* ] |
* ] | ||
'''Military commanders''' | |||
* ] (Russia) | |||
* Lord ] (Britain) | |||
* Marshall Saint-Arnaud (France) | |||
* Marshall Canrobert (France) | |||
* obscure cross-link: ]'s novel ''Master Georgie'' is set in the Crimean War. | * obscure cross-link: ]'s novel ''Master Georgie'' is set in the Crimean War. |
Revision as of 02:54, 31 July 2002
The Crimean War lasted from 1854 to 1856. It was fought between Russia and an alliance of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia. The majority of the conflict took place around the Crimean peninsula on the Black Sea.
After a dispute with the Ottoman Empire over the guardianship of several holy towns in Palestine, Russia invaded Moldavia and Walachia, both vassals of the Ottoman Empire, resulting in a declaration of war by the Ottomans in late 1853. The Ottomans were joined by Britain and France in March 1854, and by Sardinia in January 1855. Austria also threatened to enter the war on the Ottoman side, causing the Russians to withdraw from the occupied areas, which were subsequently occupied by the Austrians in August 1854.
The following month, allied troops landed in the Crimea and besieged the city of Sevastopol. The city was finally captured in September 1855. In the same year, the Russians occupied the Turkish/Armenian city of Kars.
After the occupation of Sevastopol and the accession of Alexander II peace negotiations began. The war ended in 1856 with the Treaty of Paris.
It was the only war fought by Britain between the Napoleonic Wars and World War I. The war became famous for miliary and logistical incompetence. Scandalous treatment of wounded soldiers, which was covered by war media, prompted the work of Florence Nightingale, introducing modern nursing methods. The Crimean War was also the first in which use was made of railways.
Notes toward an article
- Some action also took place on the Russian Pacific coast, Asia Minor, the Baltic and White Seas
- The roots of the war's causes lay in the existing rivalry between the British and the Russians in other areas such as Afghanistan. Conflicts over control of holy places in Jerusalem led to aggressive actions in the Balkans, and around the Dardanelles.
- Major battles
- The Battle of Alma - September 20, 1854
- The Battle of Balaklava - October 25, 1854 (see also Charge of the Light Brigade);
- The Battle of Inkermann - November 5, 1854;
- Siege of Sebastopol (more correctly, "Sevastopol") - September 25, 1854 to September 8, 1855
- Battle of Eupatoria, February 17, 1855
- the Siege of Kars, June to November 28, 1855
- Battle of Chernaya River (aka "Traktir Bridge") - August 25th, 1855.
- It was the first war where the electric telegraph started to have a significant effect; the first 'live' war reporting to the London Times, and English generals reduced independence of action from London due to such rapid communications.
- Florence Nightingale
Military commanders
- Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (Russia)
- Lord Fitzroy Raglan (Britain)
- Marshall Saint-Arnaud (France)
- Marshall Canrobert (France)
- obscure cross-link: Beryl Bainbridge's novel Master Georgie is set in the Crimean War.
Links
- http://www.geocities.com/Broadway/Alley/5443/crimopen.htm
- Crimean War Research Society: http://www.hargreave-mawson.demon.co.uk/cwrs.html