Taipei 101: Difference between revisions

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	'''Taipei 101''' ({{zh-tspw\|t=臺北101 or 台北101\|s=台北101\|p=Táiběi Yīlíngyī\|w=T'ai-pei I-ling-i}}) is a 101-floor ] ] located in ], ]. Designed by ] and constructed by ], it is currently the ] in three of the four categories defined by the ]. The original name was '''Taipei Financial Centre''', based on its official ] name: the ''Taipei International Financial Center'' ({{zh-tp\|t=臺北國際金融中心\|p=Táiběi Guójì Jīnróng Zhōngxīn}}). The building is the 2004 recipient of the ]. Taipei 101 was named "Taipei 101" because the building is in Taipei and contains 101 floors.		'''Taipei 101''' ({{zh-tspw\|t=臺北101 or 台北101\|s=台北101\|p=Táiběi Yīlíngyī\|w=T'ai-pei I-ling-i}}) is a 101-floor ] ] located in ], ]. Designed by ] and constructed by ], it is currently the ] in three of the four categories defined by the ]. The original name was '''Taipei Financial Centre''', based on its official ] name: the ''Taipei International Financial Center'' ({{zh-tp\|t=臺北國際金融中心\|p=Táiběi Guójì Jīnróng Zhōngxīn}}). The building is the 2004 recipient of the ]. Taipei 101 was named "Taipei 101" because the building is in Taipei and contains 101 floors.

	==External elevation==		==External elevation==
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	In many aspects, the new building is the most technologically advanced ] constructed to date. The building features ] and ] connections allowing speeds up to 1 ] per second. ] has supplied the world's two fastest ] which run at a top speed of 16.83 metres per second (63 km/h or 37.5 mph) and are able to take visitors from the main floor to the observatory on the 89th floor in under 39 seconds. The top speeds are 34 percent faster than the previous world's fastest elevators in Yokohama Landmark Tower. Each elevator is designed with an aerodynamic body, pressurization and emergency braking systems, and the world's first triple-stage anti-overshooting system. The cost for each elevator is over $US 2 million.<ref>http://www.sky-scrapers.org/Structural_Facts/index.php/Taipei_101:_Engineering#The_World.27s_Fastest_Elevators</ref> Visitors can also walk up the staircase to an outdoor observatory located at the 91st floor. A 660-metric-ton (730 tons) ] is held at the 87th floor, stabilizing the tower against ]s, ]s, and ].<ref>http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=100765</ref> The damper can reduce up to 40% of the tower's movements.		In many aspects, the new building is the most technologically advanced ] constructed to date. The building features ] and ] connections allowing speeds up to 1 ] per second. ] has supplied the world's two fastest ] which run at a top speed of 16.83 metres per second (63 km/h or 37.5 mph) and are able to take visitors from the main floor to the observatory on the 89th floor in under 39 seconds. The top speeds are 34 percent faster than the previous world's fastest elevators in Yokohama Landmark Tower. Each elevator is designed with an aerodynamic body, pressurization and emergency braking systems, and the world's first triple-stage anti-overshooting system. The cost for each elevator is over $US 2 million.<ref>http://www.sky-scrapers.org/Structural_Facts/index.php/Taipei_101:_Engineering#The_World.27s_Fastest_Elevators</ref> Visitors can also walk up the staircase to an outdoor observatory located at the 91st floor. A 660-metric-ton (730 tons) ] is held at the 87th floor, stabilizing the tower against ]s, ]s, and ].<ref>http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=100765</ref> The damper can reduce up to 40% of the tower's movements.

	The entire tower was opened on ], ], amidst an extravagant New Year's celebration, complete with live performances and fireworks. ] ], Taipei Mayor ] and Legislative Speaker ] cut the ribbon. This was the first world's tallest building completed in the 21st century. The next will most likely be ] in the ].		The entire tower was opened on ], ], amidst an extravagant New Year's celebration, complete with live performances and fireworks. ] President ], Taipei Mayor ] and Legislative Speaker ] cut the ribbon. This was the first world's tallest building completed in the 21st century. The next will most likely be ] in the ].

	The tower includes a six-floor retail mall with shops, restaurants, and other attractions, such as night clubs. The architecture of the retail mall includes both retro gothic-style pinnacles and modern industrial structures. The interior layout of Taipei 101 was entirely designed by a ] master.		The tower includes a six-floor retail mall with shops, restaurants, and other attractions, such as night clubs. The architecture of the retail mall includes both retro gothic-style pinnacles and modern industrial structures. The interior layout of Taipei 101 was entirely designed by a ] master.

Revision as of 16:24, 14 June 2007

25°2′1″N 121°33′52″E / 25.03361°N 121.56444°E / 25.03361; 121.56444

Taipei 101


General information
Location	Taipei, Taiwan
Cost	$1,600,000,000
Height
Antenna spire	509.2 m (1670.68 ft)
Roof	449.2 m (1473.82 ft)
Top floor	439.2 m (1441.01 ft)
Technical details
Floor area	412,500 m²
Lifts/elevators	61(including two doubledecker elevators)
Design and construction
Architect(s)	C.Y. Lee
Main contractor	KTRT Joint Venture

Taipei 101 (simplified Chinese: 台北101; traditional Chinese: 臺北101 or 台北101; pinyin: Táiběi Yīlíngyī; Wade–Giles: T'ai-pei I-ling-i) is a 101-floor landmark skyscraper located in Taipei, Taiwan. Designed by C.Y. Lee & Partners and constructed by KTRT Joint Venture, it is currently the tallest skyscraper in the world in three of the four categories defined by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. The original name was Taipei Financial Centre, based on its official Chinese name: the Taipei International Financial Center (Chinese: 臺北國際金融中心; pinyin: Táiběi Guójì Jīnróng Zhōngxīn). The building is the 2004 recipient of the Emporis Skyscraper Award. Taipei 101 was named "Taipei 101" because the building is in Taipei and contains 101 floors.

External elevation

Height comparison of Taipei 101 with the Sears Tower, the Petronas Towers, and the Empire State Building.

Taipei 101 has 101 stories above ground (hence the name) and five underground.

The building holds the records for:

Ground to structural top: 509 m (1,671 ft), a record formerly held by the Petronas Twin Towers at 452 m (1,483 ft)
Ground to roof: 449 m (1,474 ft). Formerly held by the Sears Tower 442 m (1,451 ft)
Ground to highest occupied floor: 439 m (1,441 ft). Formerly held by the Sears Tower
Fastest Ascending Elevator speed: 16.83 m/s (37.5 miles/hour or 60.4 km/h)
Largest Count-Down Clock on New Year's Eve.

It does not hold the record for the greatest height from ground to pinnacle, which is still held by the Sears Tower 527 m (1,729 ft).

Taipei 101's roof was completed on July 1, 2003. In a ceremony presided over by Mayor Ma Ying-jeou who fastened a golden bolt to signify the official topping-out, the pinnacle was fitted on October 17, 2003, allowing it to surpass the Petronas Towers by 57 meters (188 feet).. Taipei 101 is the first and currently only building in the world to break the half-kilometer mark in height.

Various sources, including the building's owners, list the height as 508.0 m (1,667 ft). This lower figure is measured from the top of a 1.2 meter platform at the base. However, according to CTBUH standards, the height of this platform should be included in the building height because it is part of the man-made structure and is above the level of the surrounding pavement.

Taipei 101 displaced the 51 story, 244 meter Shin Kong Life Tower as the tallest building in Taipei, and the 85 story, 378 meter Tuntex Sky Tower in Kaohsiung as the tallest building in Taiwan.

Taipei 101 interior

In many aspects, the new building is the most technologically advanced skyscraper constructed to date. The building features fiber-optic and satellite Internet connections allowing speeds up to 1 gigabit per second. Toshiba has supplied the world's two fastest doubledecker elevators which run at a top speed of 16.83 metres per second (63 km/h or 37.5 mph) and are able to take visitors from the main floor to the observatory on the 89th floor in under 39 seconds. The top speeds are 34 percent faster than the previous world's fastest elevators in Yokohama Landmark Tower. Each elevator is designed with an aerodynamic body, pressurization and emergency braking systems, and the world's first triple-stage anti-overshooting system. The cost for each elevator is over $US 2 million. Visitors can also walk up the staircase to an outdoor observatory located at the 91st floor. A 660-metric-ton (730 tons) tuned mass damper is held at the 87th floor, stabilizing the tower against earthquakes, typhoons, and wind. The damper can reduce up to 40% of the tower's movements.

The entire tower was opened on December 31, 2004, amidst an extravagant New Year's celebration, complete with live performances and fireworks. Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian, Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou and Legislative Speaker Wang Jin-pyng cut the ribbon. This was the first world's tallest building completed in the 21st century. The next will most likely be Burj Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

The tower includes a six-floor retail mall with shops, restaurants, and other attractions, such as night clubs. The architecture of the retail mall includes both retro gothic-style pinnacles and modern industrial structures. The interior layout of Taipei 101 was entirely designed by a feng shui master.

Observation decks

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The indoor observation deck is located on the 89th floor, while the outdoor observation deck is located on the 91st floor.

The general admission entrance to the observation decks is located on the 5th floor, where the access to the observation deck elevators is also located. There are also souvenir shops and free coin lockers (NT$10, approximately US$0.30, deposit is required). The price for one general admission is NT$350 (approximately US$10); the concession ticket is NT$320. Group reservation (for 20 people or more) can be made 5 days prior; group discount admission is NT$300 each. A separate ticket, priced at NT$100 each, is needed for visiting the world's highest outdoor observation deck at 91st floor; the tickets are available at the west side on the 5th floor after the purchase of the 89th floor admission (mandatory). Visitors can choose to have their hands stamped for return visits in the same day. The observation decks operate daily from 10:00 to 22:00. The ticket booths close at 21:15. Admission of the 89th floor is free for children under 100 cm (130 cm for 91st floor). Be careful if you should ever visit, the winds can blow very strongly. Management sometimes closes the observation deck in times of stormy weather.

Pre-recorded tour guide systems are available over the counter on the 89th floor; every visitor needs to present the guide voucher (comes with the ticket) and NT$1000 (or a valid passport) for deposit. The total length of the tour guide is approximately 40 minutes; currently, there are seven languages available, namely: Taiwanese, English, Japanese, German, Korean, Chinese (Mandarin), and Cantonese. The poles on the deck are marked with different numbers, and the visitors will need to enter the number and press the green button on the machine in order to listen to the scene information. The guide system must be returned before the visitor can leave the 89th floor (to either the ground or the 91st floor).

Exterior symbolism

The exterior of the building is fraught with symbolism of financial success. The distinctive sections that create the impression of a bamboo stalk in the minds of many people are actually representative of gold ingots, used in ancient China as currency by royalty. There are 8 of them, each with 8 floors, with the number 8 sounding like "earn fortune" in Han culture and the language. There are also 4 circles on each side of the building near the base, to represent coins. Most aspects of the design, layout and planning were reviewed and approved by a Feng Shui master.

The 8 segments of Taipei 101 covered with green tinted glass panels are decorated with traditional Chinese lantern-like figures, which are called the "Ru-Yi" symbols. These Ru Yi symbols are placed at the top of every 4 sides of each of the 8 segments. These Ru Yi figures symbolise fulfillment, authority and power. They also bring one's career to better heights and prevent misfortune. Each of these symbols are at least 8m high.

There is a perpendicular road that ran straight into the building's boundaries. In Feng Shui related philosophy, this brings sickness or bad business to occupants in the building. This Feng Shui problem was solved by adding a fountain to block off the perpendicular road.

Construction

The tower is designed to endure earthquakes above seven on the Richter scale, and once-a-century super typhoons. Prior to construction, some worried that the building would be vulnerable to the earthquake fault near Taiwan which was inactive. On March 31, 2002, a 6.8-magnitude earthquake caused a construction crane to fall from the 56th floor of the building, which was at the time the highest floor, killing five people and starting some small fires. The building's designers noted that the building itself reacted as expected and construction resumed later.

It is suspected that the Taipei 101 is so large that at 700,000 tonnes, its sheer weight may have reopened an ancient earthquake fault that may cause future earthquakes.

This article or section appears to contradict itself. Please see the talk page for more information.

To survive high winds, skyscrapers need stiffness; to survive earthquakes, they need to sway. Faced with that conundrum, Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers and Evergreen Consulting Engineering devised a package of innovations that serve the $1.7-billion building’s versatile needs. They designed a 662 metric tonne steel pendulum, called a tuned mass damper, suspended from the 92nd to the 88th floor. The movements of the damper offset strong gusts and shakes. Meanwhile, the building’s frame makes it flexible enough to absorb seismic energy. Two dozen giant vertical columns provide support; a steel web wraps around the exterior, adding ductility; and every eight floors, outrigger trusses connect the columns in the building’s core to those on the exterior, further distributing the structural load. The sphere of the tuned mass damper consists of 41 layered steel plates, each with a height of 12.5cm being welded together to form a 5.5m diameter sphere, making it the largest damper sphere in the World.

There are another two more tuned mass dampers installed that sit at the very tip of the spire. Each weighing 4.5 tons; this is to prevent cumulative damage to the structure and to the spire due to strong wind loads, a very common issue for spire structures.

Taipei 101 in popular culture

Taipei 101 features in the denouement of Eoin Colfer's novel Artemis Fowl and the Lost Colony. Several features of the building (some true and others of the author's imagining) are used as plot devices:
- A small plaque apparently fixed over the main door which urges visitors to come and go as they pleased. This gives two fairy folk crucial "permission" to enter the building.
- Artemis Fowl II, the protagonist, draws attention to the Toshiba elevators moving at eighteen metres per second and taking just over half a minute to reach the 89th floor.
- The huge mass damper, visible from the bar near the observation area, and apparently covered with 15cm of silver etched with scenes from the legend of Nian. This mass of silver disrupts the journey home of the demon N1 exactly as Artemis Fowl predicts.
- The Kimisichiog Gallery, apparently on the 40th floor of Taipei 101, is where the last remaining warlock is found.
A building based on Taipei 101 appears as a town type area in some versions of the MMORPG MapleStory.

Gallery

Taipei 101 in the firework show for 2006 New Year
Image of Taipei 101
Taipei 101 in Christmas tree costume lighting
Taipei 101 Food Court Taipei 101 Food Court
Taipei 101 from Grand Hyatt Taipei 101 from Grand Hyatt
Taipei 101 Entrance Taipei 101 Entrance
Taipei 101 from Xinyi Rd Taipei 101 from Xinyi Rd
Taipei 101 from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station Taipei 101 from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station
Taipei 101 - The World Fastest Elevator

References

External links

TAIPEI 101 mall - Taipei 101 Official Website
Taipei Financial Corp - Company information, timeline, shareholders, tenant information and pricing, newsletter
CTBUH press release re Taipei 101 as "world's tallest"

Supertall skyscrapers (300 m/984 ft and taller)

Completed

Africa

Egypt	Iconic Tower

Americas

Chile	Gran Torre Santiago
Mexico	Torres Obispado
United States	1 Manhattan West 111 West 57th Street 3 World Trade Center 30 Hudson Yards 35 Hudson Yards 432 Park Avenue 50 Hudson Yards 53W53 875 North Michigan Avenue Aon Center Bank of America Plaza Bank of America Tower Central Park Tower Chrysler Building Comcast Technology Center Empire State Building Franklin Center JPMorgan Chase Tower One57 One Vanderbilt One World Trade Center Salesforce Tower St. Regis Chicago The Brooklyn Tower The New York Times Building The Spiral Trump International Hotel and Tower Two Prudential Plaza U.S. Bank Tower Wells Fargo Plaza Willis Tower Wilshire Grand Center World Trade Center (1973–2001)

Asia

China	Baoneng Center Changsha A9 Financial District Changsha IFS Tower T1 China Resources Headquarters China World Trade Center Tower III China Zun Chongqing IFS T1 Chongqing World Financial Center CITIC Plaza Citymark Centre Dalian International Trade Center Diwang International Fortune Center Dongguan International Trade Center 1 East Pacific Center Eton Place Dalian Fortune Center Gate to the East Greenland Hangzhou Center Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower B Greenland Puli Center Guangxi China Resources Tower Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou International Finance Center Guiyang International Financial Center Tower 1 Hanking Center Heartland 66 Office Tower Hengqin International Finance Center Hon Kwok City Center Huachuang International Plaza Huaguoyuan Tower 1 Huaguoyuan Tower 2 Huijin Center Guangzhou Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland Central Plaza Jin Mao Tower Jin Wan Plaza 9 Jinan Center Financial City KK100 Leatop Plaza Logan Century Center 1 Longxi International Hotel Minsheng Bank Building Nanjing International Youth Cultural Centre Tower 1 One Shenzhen Bay Pearl River Tower Ping An International Finance Centre The Pinnacle Poly Pazhou Riverview Plaza Shanghai Tower Shanghai World Financial Center Shenglong Global Center Shenzhen Center Shenzhen CFC Changfu Centre Shimao Hunan Center Shimao International Plaza Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 Shun Hing Square Spring City 66 Suning Plaza 1, Wuxi Suning Plaza Tower 1, Zhenjiang Suzhou IFS Tianjin CTF Finance Centre Tianjin Modern City Office Tower Tianjin World Financial Center Wanda Plaza Wenzhou World Trade Center White Magnolia Plaza Wuhan Center Wuhan Greenland Center Wuhan Yangtze River Shipping Center Wuxi IFS Wuxi Maoye City – Marriott Hotel Xi'an Glory International Financial Center Xiangjiang Fortune Finance Center Yantai Shimao No.1 The Harbour Yuexiu Fortune Center Tower 1 Zhongzhou Holdings Financial Center Zhuhai Tower Zhujiang New City Tower Zifeng Tower
Hong Kong	Bank of China Tower Central Plaza International Commerce Centre International Finance Centre Nina Tower The Center
Japan	Abeno Harukas Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower
Kazakhstan	Abu Dhabi Plaza
Kuwait	Al Hamra Tower Arraya Tower
Malaysia	The Exchange 106 Four Seasons Place Kuala Lumpur Merdeka 118 Petronas Towers Telekom Tower
Philippines	Metrobank Center
Qatar	Aspire Tower Lusail Plaza Towers 3 and 4
Saudi Arabia	The Clock Towers Kingdom Centre PIF Tower
South Korea	Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith Haeundae LCT The Sharp Lotte World Tower Parc1 Posco Tower-Songdo
Taiwan	85 Sky Tower Taipei 101
Thailand	Baiyoke Tower II ICONSIAM MahaNakhon
Turkey	CBRT Tower
United Arab Emirates	23 Marina Address Boulevard Address Downtown ADNOC Headquarters Almas Tower Amna Tower Burj Al Arab Burj Khalifa Cayan Tower DAMAC Residenze Elite Residence Emirates Office Tower Etihad Towers Gevora Hotel HHHR Tower Il Primo Dubai The Index Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel JW Marriott Marquis Dubai The Landmark Marina 101 The Marina Torch Ocean Heights Princess Tower Rose Tower World Trade Center Abu Dhabi
Vietnam	Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower Landmark 81

Europe

Poland	Varso Tower
Russia	City of Capitals Eurasia Federation Tower Lakhta Center Mercury City Tower Neva Towers 2 OKO Tower
United Kingdom	The Shard

Oceania

Australia	Australia 108 Q1 Tower

No longer standing.

Under construction

Africa

Ethiopia	Ethiopian Electric Power Headquarters
Côte d'Ivoire	Tour F

Asia

China

Other

North America

South America

Senna Tower

On hold

See also: Proposed supertall skyscrapers; List of architects of supertall buildings

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