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| '''Stanislovas Narutavičius''' {{audio|Stanislovas Narutavicius.ogg|pronunciation}}; 1862-1932) was a ]n lawyer and politician, ] of the ] and brother to the first ] ]. He was also the only ]n-] member of the ], the provisional ] formed in the late stages of ]. | |||
| '''Stanislovas Narutavičius''' {{audio|Stanislovas Narutavicius.ogg|pronunciation}}(]: ''Stanisław Narutowicz'') (born ], ], in ], ], ] - died ], ], in ], ]) was a member of the ]. He was ] of the ], on ], ]. | |||
| Narutavičius was born ], ], in ] near Telšiai (modern ], ], then in the ]), to an old ] noble family, with roots as far back as the time period of ] and tracing back to certain ], a ]n noble and founder of the family. A self-declared ], he was nevertheless for most of his life loyal to the traditions of the ]<ref name="Buchowski">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Krzysztof Buchowski | year =2001 | month = | title =Stanisław Narutowicz - szkic do portretu idealisty (Stanisław Narutowicz: a sketch for a portrait of an idealist) | journal =Biuletyn Historii Pogranicza | volume = | issue =2 | pages =41-51 | id = | publisher = ] | location = Białystok}}</ref>. His parents, ] and ] were landowners and ran a manor. | |||
| Narutavičius was born into an old Lithuanian noble family, with roots as far back as the time period of ]. He was an older brother of ], the first ]. The founder of the family was the ] ] ]. | |||
| He graduated from the faculty of law of the ]<ref name="Żeberek">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Gerard Żeberek | coauthors = | title =Początki ruchu socjaldemokratycznego w Kijowie w latach 1889-1903 | year =1981 | editor = | pages =34, 160 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Wydawnictwo Literackie | location = | isbn= | url = | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>. During his studies in Kiev Narutavičius joined the Polish circle of students and with time became a member of the ''II Proletaryat'', an underground socialist-revolutionary party and the predecessor of the ]<ref name="Żeberek"/>. However, his beliefs were much less radical than those of his colleagues, and with time Narutavičius contacts with far left weakened. | |||
| ⚫ | == External links== | ||
| Early in his life Narutavičius married ], owner of the Brewiki manor and a cousin to ]. After 1907 the couple created and maintained a ] for girls in Telšiai. It was the first school for girls in Russian-held Lithuania where teaching in Polish and Lithuanian was allowed. In the period preceding the ] Narutavičius was also a journalist in various Polish language newspapers. He also was the publisher of the first issues of '']'' weekly<ref name="Kelles-Krauz">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz | coauthors =Wiesław Bieńkowski, Aleksandra Garlicka, Aleksander Kochański, Feliks Tych | title =Listy | year =1984 | editor = | pages =77 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =], ] | location =Wrocław | isbn=8304020149 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=jS8iAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Stanislaw+Narutowicz%22&dq=%22Stanislaw+Narutowicz%22&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>. The couple were also engaged in several education societies spreading knowledge among the Lithuanian peasants of the area. In the period preceding the ]Narutavičius was also a journalist in various Polish language newspapers. He also was the publisher of the first issues of '']'' weekly<ref name="Kelles-Krauz">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz | coauthors =Wiesław Bieńkowski, Aleksandra Garlicka, Aleksander Kochański, Feliks Tych | title =Listy | year =1984 | editor = | pages =77 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =], ] | location =Wrocław | isbn=8304020149 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=jS8iAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Stanislaw+Narutowicz%22&dq=%22Stanislaw+Narutowicz%22&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>. | |||
| As a politician, Narutowicz was a mild socialist or a ]<ref name="Żeberek"/>. He was a supporter of independence of Lithuania rather than of restoring a ], mostly for fear of far more numerous Poland gaining the upper hand in such a union<ref name="Bardach">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Juliusz Bardach | coauthors = | title =O dawnej i niedawnej Litwie | year =1988 | editor = | pages =268 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] | location =Poznań | isbn=8323201188 | url = | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>. On the other hand he supported a loose union between the states, which made him one of the leader of the so-called '']'' movement, a group of Polish Lithuanians supporting reconciliation of divided loyalties of local Poles between Poland and Lithuania<ref name="Wandycz">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =] | coauthors = | title =The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918 | year =1974 | editor = | pages =349 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] | location = | isbn=0295953586 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=TVMmGKsbWJ4C&pg=PA349&dq=%22Stanislaw+Narutowicz%22&sig=mr2wc0iyLHuR53pAY02NAHKKLwY#PPA349,M1 | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>. In his vision the ] was to gain a status similar to the ] in Belgium: with separate culture and language, but united with Lithuanians by what he called "state patriotism"<ref name="Bardach"/>. At the same time he also supported close ties between the nations formerly constituting the ] and took part in various Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian enterprises. | |||
| In September of 1917 Narutavičius joined the Council of Lithuania (''Lietuvos Taryba''), a Lithuanian governing body established by the Germans as part of their '']'' plan, yet largely independent and striving for establishment of Lithuania as an independent state. As a member of that body, Narutavičius became ] of the ]. However, following the conflicts within the Taryba he took a more anti-German stance than most of his colleagues. After the body asked ''the government of Germany for protection and help'' and vowed for ''stable and strong alliance with the German Reich'', Narutavičius protested. When, on January 26, 1918, 12 of the Taryba's members voted for compromise with Germany, and three of his social-democratic colleagues (], ] and ]) resigned their posts. | |||
| In the following years Stanislovas Narutavičius continued to actively support the increasingly difficult rapprochement between Poland and Lithuania, but to little avail. The futility of his actions, renounced on both sides of the border, as well as the increasingly hostile stance of the Lithuanian government towards the ] and Narutavičius alienation led to his suicidal death on ], ], in ]<ref name="Buchowski"/>. | |||
| After Narutavičius' death his son ] (1904-1987) tried to mediate between the ministries of diplomacy of Poland and Lithuania for settlement of the conflict for the city of ]. Arrested by the ] during the ] and forcibly resettled to Siberia, in 1947 he was released and settled in Poland. His widow continued to run various schools, notably the Polish gymnasium in Kaunas. After the outbreak of World War II she retreated to her manor in Brewiki, but was expelled from Lithuania by the Soviets and settled in Warsaw, where she died in 1948. | |||
| ==Notes and references== | |||
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Revision as of 22:48, 28 August 2007
Stanislovas Narutavičius pronunciation(Polish name: Stanisław Narutowicz) (born September 2, 1862, in Brevikai, Telšiai County, Lithuania - died December 31, 1932, in Kaunas, Lithuania) was a member of the Council of Lithuania. He was one of the twenty signatories of the Act of Independence of Lithuania, on February 16, 1918.
Narutavičius was born into an old Lithuanian noble family, with roots as far back as the time period of Vytautas the Great. He was an older brother of Gabriel Narutowicz, the first President of Poland. The founder of the family was the Samogitian bajoras Narutis.
External links
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